WO2013105510A1 - 近接センサ - Google Patents
近接センサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013105510A1 WO2013105510A1 PCT/JP2013/000094 JP2013000094W WO2013105510A1 WO 2013105510 A1 WO2013105510 A1 WO 2013105510A1 JP 2013000094 W JP2013000094 W JP 2013000094W WO 2013105510 A1 WO2013105510 A1 WO 2013105510A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- proximity sensor
- light emitting
- light receiving
- detected
- Prior art date
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
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- G01J1/429—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors applied to measurement of ultraviolet light
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/0022—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies
- G01J5/0025—Living bodies
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
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- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
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- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
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- G06F3/03—Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
- G06F3/033—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor
- G06F3/0354—Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user, e.g. mice, trackballs, pens or joysticks; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
- G06F3/03547—Touch pads, in which fingers can move on a surface
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
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- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/941—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated using an optical detector
- H03K17/943—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated using an optical detector using a plurality of optical emitters or detectors, e.g. keyboard
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/0284—Details of three-dimensional rigid printed circuit boards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/151—Die mounting substrate
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- H01L2924/15156—Side view
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K2017/9455—Proximity switches constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/941—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector
- H03K2217/94111—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated using an optical detector having more than one emitter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0338—Layered conductor, e.g. layered metal substrate, layered finish layer, layered thin film adhesion layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/10—Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
- H05K2201/10007—Types of components
- H05K2201/10151—Sensor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/20—Details of printed circuits not provided for in H05K2201/01 - H05K2201/10
- H05K2201/2054—Light-reflecting surface, e.g. conductors, substrates, coatings, dielectrics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/108—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by semi-additive methods; masks therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a proximity sensor that detects an object to be detected.
- MID Molded Interconnected Device
- the MID technique can give a mechanical function as a mechanical component and an electrical function as a printed circuit board to a module board for mounting the module. Therefore, according to the MID technology, it is possible to simultaneously reduce the size of the electronic device and increase the accuracy of the module substrate that constitutes the electronic device, and it is also possible to reduce the man-hours for assembling the module substrate.
- a touchless motion function is a function for detecting that the user's hand has moved, for example, up and down or left and right on the display without touching the display of an electronic device such as a mobile terminal or a tablet terminal. is there.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram for explaining a motion detection operation in the horizontal direction of the user's hand in the conventional touchless motion function.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram for explaining an operation of detecting the vertical movement of the user's hand in the conventional touchless motion function.
- FIG. 12C is a diagram illustrating the signal intensity of the reflected light with respect to the movement of the user's hand in the left-right direction.
- FIG. 12D is a diagram illustrating the signal intensity of reflected light with respect to the vertical movement of the user's hand.
- FIG. 12E is a diagram illustrating the light emission timing of each of the IrLEDs 101, 102, and 103.
- the top of the mobile terminal 100 and the inside of the casing of the mobile terminal 100 form an angle of 90 ° with respect to the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the paper surface of FIG.
- three near-infrared light emitting elements (IrLED) 101, 102, and 103 are arranged.
- a light receiving element 105 is disposed between the two IrLEDs 101 and 102 in the lateral direction inside the casing of the mobile terminal 100 at the top of the mobile terminal 100. .
- the three IrLEDs 101, 102, and 103 emit light in a time-sharing manner with a variable light emission timing with a light emission period of 10 ms to 2000 ms.
- the light receiving element 105 is moved from the two IrLEDs 102 and 103 located on the right side. The reflected light of the light emitted in time division is received. Furthermore, the light receiving element 105 receives reflected light from one IrLED 101 located on the left side with a slight delay. The left-right motion of the user's hand 106 is detected by this shift in the light receiving timing.
- the light receiving element 105 when the user's hand 106 is moved from the top to the bottom with respect to the mobile terminal 100, the light receiving element 105 has two IrLEDs 101 positioned on the upper side. , 102 receives the reflected light of the light emitted in a time-sharing manner. Further, the light receiving element 105 receives the reflected light from one IrLED 103 positioned on the lower side with a slight delay. The vertical motion of the user's hand 106 is detected by this shift in the light receiving timing.
- a light receiving / emitting integrated element array including elements is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the light receiving / emitting integrated element array detects the position of the detection target based on the magnitude of reflected light (the magnitude of the photocurrent) of the detection target with respect to the light from the light emitting elements provided in a row.
- the conventional proximity sensor described above has the following problems.
- a touchless motion function is mounted on an electronic device such as a portable terminal or a tablet terminal
- IrLEDs as respective light emitting units have to be individually arranged on a substrate.
- a set manufacturer that assembles an electronic device must determine the positional relationship between each light emitting unit and the light receiving unit when designing a board, and do not adjust the light emission timing (light emission cycle) of the light emitting unit suitable for this positional relationship. Rather, it was necessary to perform a troublesome design.
- the light receiving and emitting integrated element array described in Patent Document 1 detects the position of the detection target in a predetermined direction (for example, the horizontal direction), but detects that it includes other directions (for example, the vertical direction). Did not go.
- the present invention has been made in view of the conventional circumstances, and provides a proximity sensor that can adjust the light emission timing of a light emitting unit in advance to simplify the design of a substrate and detect an object to be detected with high accuracy. For the purpose.
- the first proximity sensor of the present invention is a proximity sensor that detects an object to be detected, and is arranged on the surface of the substrate so as not to line up with the substrate, and emits light.
- a light receiving portion that is disposed on the surface of the substrate so as to be in a predetermined positional relationship with the at least three light emitting portions, and that receives the light emitted from the light emitting portion and reflected by the object to be detected; Is provided.
- the second proximity sensor according to the present invention is characterized in that the substrate is a three-dimensional circuit substrate manufactured by a one-shot laser contour removal method.
- the third proximity sensor of the present invention is characterized in that the at least three light emitting portions and the light receiving portion are each mounted in a recess formed on the surface of the substrate.
- the light receiving unit detects movement of the detected object based on a light receiving pattern of reflected light emitted from the at least three light emitting units and reflected by the detected object. It is characterized by doing.
- the light emission amounts of the light emitted from the at least three light emission units are different, and the light reception unit is arranged on the surface based on the light reception amount of the reflected light. The distance of the detected object in the vertical direction is detected.
- the concave portion on which the at least three light emitting units are placed is biased toward the outside so that the light emitted from the light emitting unit faces the outside with respect to the light receiving unit. It has an opening.
- the seventh proximity sensor of the present invention is characterized in that the light receiving portion and the three light emitting portions are arranged on the surface of the substrate so as to form four corners of a rectangle.
- the eighth proximity sensor of the present invention is characterized in that the light receiving part is arranged at the center of the surface of the substrate, and the four light emitting parts are arranged around the light receiving part.
- the present invention it is possible to adjust the light emission timing of the light emitting unit in advance to simplify the design of the substrate and to detect the detected object with high accuracy.
- die B A sectional view showing a sectional structure of a proximity sensor in which a light emitting element and a light receiving element are mounted on a three-dimensional circuit board, (A) a sectional view showing a sectional structure when viewed from the direction of arrow AA in FIG.
- Sectional drawing which shows sectional structure when it sees from the arrow BB direction of FIG.
- a timing chart showing a detection signal detected by a light receiving element in the proximity sensor at the time of detecting a touchless motion (A) when the detected object moves from the right side to the left side of the proximity sensor shown in FIG. When the detected object moves from the left side to the right side of the proximity sensor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10B is a sectional view in the direction of arrow CC in FIG. 10A, and FIG.
- FIG. 10C is a plan view of a proximity sensor according to a modification of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the signal intensity of reflected light with respect to the movement of the user's hand in the left-right direction, FIG. The figure explaining the light emission timing of IrLED
- the proximity sensor according to the present embodiment is provided inside a casing of an electronic device such as a mobile terminal or a tablet terminal, and detects an object to be detected such as a user's hand or a finger.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of light emitting elements and light receiving elements in the proximity sensor 19 of the first embodiment.
- the proximity sensor 19 is configured by mounting at least three light emitting elements 10 ⁇ / b> A, 10 ⁇ / b> B, 10 ⁇ / b> C and one light receiving element 32 on the upper surface of the three-dimensional circuit board 1.
- three light emitting elements 10 ⁇ / b> A, 10 ⁇ / b> B, 10 ⁇ / b> C and one light receiving element 32 are arranged on the four corners of the rectangular circuit board 1.
- the three-dimensional circuit board 1 is formed by a circular recess (bottom surface) on which the electric circuits of the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are mounted, for example, and a circular recess ( (Not shown) and a rectangular recess (not shown) formed by, for example, a rectangular bottom portion (bottom surface) on which the electric circuit of the light receiving element 32 is mounted and a wall surface surrounding the bottom portion (bottom surface). is there.
- the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C serving as the light emitting units emit infrared rays (for example, near infrared rays) in a time division manner in the order of (light emission 1), (light emission 2), and (light emission 3) Consists of.
- infrared rays for example, near infrared rays
- the light receiving element 32 as a light receiving unit has a configuration including a photodiode and a driver circuit for driving the photodiode.
- this driver circuit has a touchless motion function and a function of detecting the distance to the object to be detected.
- the proximity sensor 19 is manufactured by mounting the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, 10C and the light receiving element 32 on the three-dimensional circuit board 1 manufactured by a manufacturing process using the MID technology (see FIG. 4).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the first half of the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional circuit board by the one-shot laser contour removal method in the first embodiment in time series using the cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional circuit board.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the latter half of the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional circuit board by the one-shot laser contour removal method in the first embodiment in time series using the cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional circuit board.
- injection molding is performed once, and the periphery of the circuit pattern on which the target electric circuit is mounted is irradiated with laser light on the injection-molded substrate.
- a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional circuit board by forming a film is also possible.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 in order to simplify the description of the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional circuit board 1, the three-dimensional circuit board 1 on which the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and the light receiving element 32 shown in FIG.
- the manufacturing process will be described by focusing on the light emitting element 10A, for example.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 is applicable to the manufacturing process of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 on which the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and the light receiving element 32 shown in FIG. 1 are integrally mounted.
- the manufacturing process (manufacturing method) of the three-dimensional circuit board by the one-shot laser contour removal method is performed according to the following process order (step 1) to (step 6).
- Step 1 In the primary molding process, in an injection molding machine, for example, a mold A and a mold B are installed as molds that match the shape of the recesses of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 on which the light emitting element 10A is mounted. A resin material that can be plated is injected into the space between the mold A and the mold B. As the resin material, for example, polyphthalamide (PPA), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), and aluminum nitride (AlN) are used.
- the process of (Step 1) is a step of preparing the three-dimensional circuit board 1 of the present embodiment, and the resin substrate 5 as a base (primary molded product) of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 of the present embodiment is molded by the same process. Is done.
- a process to prepare it is not limited to the process of injection-molding the resin substrate 5 in the primary molding process of (Process 1), for example, the resin substrate 5 purchased from a third party (for example, a manufacturing contractor, etc.) The process to be used is also included. As shown in FIG. 2, a mortar-shaped recess 5 a is formed in the resin substrate 5 in accordance with the shapes of the mold A and the mold B.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the resin substrate 5 is molded using the mold A and the mold B.
- the mold A is formed with a convex portion 11 a that contacts the concave portion 5 a of the resin substrate 5.
- the front end surface 11b of the convex portion 11a is polished in advance to a flat surface, and the side surface 11c of the convex portion 11a is also polished in advance to a smooth surface or curved surface.
- Step 1 by using a mold A having a tip surface 11b and a side surface 11c polished in advance, a smooth bottom surface 5b as a bottom and a smooth surface are formed in the recess 5a of the resin substrate 5 that has been injection molded.
- the wall surface 5c can be formed.
- a smooth bottom surface 5b and a curved wall surface 5c may be formed in the concave portion 5a of the injection-molded resin substrate 5.
- the plasma treatment is performed on the resin substrate 5 as the primary molded product between the process of (Step 1) and the process of (Step 2). Thereby, the surface of the resin substrate 5 is activated.
- Step 2 In the metallizing process next to the primary molding process, for example, a Cu thin film (copper thin film) 7 is formed on the surface or the entire surface of the resin substrate 5 by sputtering.
- the thickness of the Cu thin film 7 formed on the surface or the entire surface of the resin substrate 5 is, for example, 0.3 ⁇ m. Since the polished mold A is used in the process of (Step 1), the surface (bottom surface 5b, wall surface 5c) of the recess 5a of the resin substrate 5 is formed smoothly. Therefore, in the process of (Step 2), the Cu thin film 7 formed on the surface of the resin substrate 5 is similarly smoothly formed.
- Step 3 In the laser patterning process subsequent to the metallizing process, a portion of the contour 8 in a predetermined range including a portion where a circuit pattern on which the electric circuit of the target light emitting element 10A is mounted is formed on the Cu thin film 7. Are removed by the laser beam.
- This predetermined range is from a part of the left surface of the recess 5a of the resin substrate 5 to a left wall surface 5c, a bottom surface 5b of the recess 5a, a right wall surface 5c of the recess 5a, and a part of the right surface of the resin substrate 5 (not shown). (See (Step 3) in FIG. 2).
- the light emitting element 10A which is not shown in detail in the figure, but in the three-dimensional circuit board 1 of the present embodiment, on the right side of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 in the figure. Is similarly formed with a recess in which the electric circuit of the light emitting element 10B is mounted.
- the right end of the predetermined range described above is a part of the left surface of a recess (not shown) in which the electric circuit of the light emitting element 10B is mounted.
- the Cu thin film 7b from which the above-described predetermined range of the contour 8 is removed remains on the bottom surface 5b of the resin substrate 5, and the Cu thin film 7d remains on the side surface and the back surface of the resin substrate 5.
- Step 4 In the electrolytic Cu plating process subsequent to the laser patterning process, electrolytic Cu (copper) plating is performed in a predetermined range (see above) including a power feeding portion on which the electric circuit of the target light emitting element 10A is mounted. .
- the Cu plating layer 9b is thickened to the Cu thin film 7b surrounded by the portion of the contour 8 in a predetermined range including the power feeding portion where the electric circuit of the target light emitting element is mounted, that is, the predetermined thickness.
- a Cu plating layer 9b having the following is formed (see (Step 4) in FIG. 2). In the process of (Step 4), the thickness of the Cu plating layer 9 is 12 ⁇ m.
- the polished mold is used in the process of (Step 1), the molding surface of the resin substrate 5 serving as a base portion of the Cu plating layer 9b, and further the Cu thin film 7b formed on the molding surface.
- the surface is smooth. For this reason, the thickness of the Cu plating layer 9b may be relatively thin.
- Step 5 In the etching process next to the electrolytic Cu plating process, the resin substrate 5 on which the Cu plating layer 9b is formed in the previous electrolytic Cu plating process is isotropic or anisotropic. Etching is performed. By etching in (Step 5), the surface of the Cu plating layer 9b is melted uniformly, for example, about 2 ⁇ m in thickness, and thus becomes smooth. Thereby, the thickness of the Cu plating layer 9b becomes 10 ⁇ m.
- step 5 etching is performed not only on the Cu plating layer 9b but also on the Cu thin film 7d formed on a part of the surface, the side surface and the back surface of the resin substrate 5. Thereby, Cu thin film 7 currently formed in a part of surface of resin substrate 5, a side, and the back is shaved.
- Step 6 Finally, in the electrolytic Ni—Au plating process following the etching process, a nickel (Ni) plating layer is formed by electrolytic plating, and gold ( A plated layer of Au) is further formed.
- Ni nickel
- Au gold
- electrolytic Ni plating is performed with a watt bath on the Cu plating layer 9b formed on a predetermined range including a power feeding portion where the electric circuit of the target light emitting element 10A is mounted.
- the Ni plating layer 14 is formed on the Cu plating layer 9b (see (Step 6) in FIG. 3).
- a very high gloss can be realized by forming the Ni plating layer 14 on the bottom surface 5b and the wall surface 5c of the recess 5a of the resin substrate 5 using a Watt bath, It can be flat and smooth.
- the wall surface 5c may not be flat but may be a curved surface.
- each Au plating layer 16 gold film is further formed on each Ni plating layer 14 formed on the bottom surface 5b and the wall surface 5c of the recess 5a of the resin substrate 5.
- the three-dimensional circuit board 1 according to the present embodiment has a Cu thin film 7b and Cu plating in a predetermined range including a power feeding portion on which an electric circuit of the target light emitting element 10A is mounted.
- the layer 9b, the Ni plating layer 14, and the Au plating layer 16 are formed in order. Therefore, the three-dimensional circuit board 1 of the present embodiment has the Cu thin film 7b, the Cu plating layer 9b, and the Ni plating layer on the wall surface 5c of the resin substrate 5 provided as a reflection surface for reflecting the light from the light emitting element 10A. 14 and Au plating layer 16 are formed in order.
- the three-dimensional circuit board 1 is manufactured by the one-shot laser contour removal method.
- the thicknesses of the Cu thin film 7b, the Cu plating layer 9b thickened by electrolytic plating, and the Cu plating layer 9b after etching are merely examples, and are not limited to these values.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a sectional structure of the proximity sensor 19 in which the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, 10C and the light receiving element 32 are mounted on the three-dimensional circuit board 1.
- FIG. 5A shows the case seen from the direction of arrow AA in FIG.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view showing a cross-sectional structure when viewed from the direction of arrow BB in FIG.
- the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are mounted (placed) in the recesses 5aA, 5aB, and 5aC, respectively, and the light receiving element 32 is mounted in the recess 5aD.
- the recesses 5aA, 5aB, and 5aC are simply referred to as the recesses 5a when it is not necessary to distinguish them.
- the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are mounted on the Au plating 16 layer, and the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and the Au plating layer 16 are fixed with an adhesive 17.
- the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C is emitted directly, or is regularly reflected by the reflecting surfaces formed on the wall surfaces of the recesses 5aA, 5aB, and 5aC, and forward (see FIG. Middle, upper).
- a part of the reflected light is incident on the light receiving element 32 and is detected by the light receiving element 32 of the reflected light reflected by the detected object such as the user's finger or hand.
- the three light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C do not emit light at the same time, but in order to avoid light interference, for example, it is preferable to emit light sequentially in a time range of 1 [msec].
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing detection signals detected by the light receiving element 32 in the proximity sensor 19 when touchless motion is detected.
- the vertical axis indicates the magnitude of the detection signal, and the horizontal axis indicates time.
- FIG. 6A shows a case where the object to be detected moves from the lower side to the upper side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG.
- the light receiving element 32 reflects the reflected light obtained by reflecting the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10 ⁇ / b> A and 10 ⁇ / b> B by the object to be detected.
- the detection signals 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the order of light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C, that is, the order of (light emission 1), (light emission 2), and (light emission 3).
- the detection signals 1, 2, and 3 are signals that are generated and output by the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 based on the electrical energy generated by the photoelectric conversion of the light receiving element 32.
- the object to be detected is positioned so as to block the upper side of the light emitting elements 10A and 10B (the surface direction of the paper surface of FIG. As long as it is reflected, the detection signals 1 and 2 are output for each light emission period described above.
- the light receiving element 32 detects the reflected light emitted from the light emitting element 10C and reflected by the object to be detected.
- the detection signal 3 is output.
- the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 moves the detected object from the lower side to the upper side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. 1 based on the output patterns (light receiving patterns) of the detection signals 1, 2, and 3. Can be determined.
- FIG. 6B shows a case where the object to be detected moves from the upper side to the lower side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. Similarly, when the detected object moves from the lower side to the upper side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. 1, the light receiving element 32 detects the reflected light that is reflected from the detected object by the light emitted from the light emitting element 10C. The detection signal 3 is output.
- the detection signal 3 is generated at each light emission period described above. Is output.
- the light receiving element 32 is reflected from the objects to be detected and emitted from the light emitting elements 10A and 10B, respectively. Light is detected and detection signals 1 and 2 are output.
- the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 moves the detected object from the upper side to the lower side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. 1 based on the output patterns (light receiving patterns) of the detection signals 1, 2, and 3. Can be determined.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing detection signals detected by the light receiving elements in the proximity sensor when touchless motion is detected.
- FIG. 7A shows a case where the object to be detected moves from the right side to the left side of the proximity sensor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7B shows a case where the object to be detected moves from the left side to the right side of the proximity sensor shown in FIG.
- the light receiving element 32 detects the reflected light reflected by the object to be detected as the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10B and 10C. Signals 2 and 3 are output.
- the detection signals 2 and 3 are It is output every light emission cycle described above.
- the light receiving element 32 detects the reflected light emitted from the light emitting element 10A and reflected by the object to be detected.
- the detection signal 1 is output.
- the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 moves the detected object from the right side to the left side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. 1 based on the output patterns (light receiving patterns) of the detection signals 1, 2, and 3. It can be judged.
- the light receiving element 32 detects the reflected light reflected by the object to be detected as the light emitted from the light emitting element 10A. Signal 1 is output.
- the detection signal 1 is output at each light emission period described above. Is output.
- the light receiving element 32 is reflected from the object to be detected and emitted from the light emitting elements 10B and 10C, respectively.
- Light is detected and detection signals 2 and 3 are output.
- the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 moves the detected object from the left side to the right side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. 1 based on the output pattern (light receiving pattern) of the detection signals 1, 2, and 3. It can be judged.
- the driver circuit built in the light receiving element 32 is a case where the detected object moves in an oblique 45 ° direction from, for example, the upper left side to the lower right side of the proximity sensor 19 shown in FIG. Similarly, the moving direction of the object to be detected can be determined.
- the light receiving element 32 detects the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C.
- the magnitudes of the detection signals to be output are approximately the same.
- the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and the light receiving element 32 constituting the proximity sensor 19 are mounted on one three-dimensional circuit board 1 to form one package. It becomes possible to do. For this reason, in the manufacturing process of the proximity sensor 19, the positional relationship of the three light emitting elements is fixed, and the positioning of the three light emitting elements can be realized with high accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the light emission timing of the light emitting unit in advance to simplify the design of the substrate, and to detect an object to be detected with high accuracy.
- the three-dimensional circuit board 1 is manufactured by using the one-shot laser contour removal method, it is possible to increase the functionality, reduce the thickness, and reduce the weight.
- the positional relationship can be easily fixed.
- the structure is compact, and the vertical direction is used when detecting touchless motion. Detection in the horizontal direction becomes easier.
- the predetermined positional relationship may be any arrangement that does not line up with a straight line, and any arrangement is possible.
- a proximity sensor capable of detecting a touchless motion in which a detection target such as a hand or a finger is moved along the surface of a display of an electronic device in which the proximity sensor is incorporated is shown.
- the distance from the surface of the display of the electronic device in which the proximity sensor is incorporated to the detected object in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) is detected. Possible proximity sensors are shown.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and the light receiving element 32 in the proximity sensor 19A of the second embodiment. Since the proximity sensor 19A of the second embodiment has substantially the same configuration as the proximity sensor 19 of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of the first embodiment.
- the amount of light (intensity) of near infrared rays emitted from the three light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C is different. That is, the light emission amounts of the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are “weak”, “strong”, and “medium”, respectively.
- the near infrared ray emitted from the light emitting element 10B reaches the farthest distance (far distance)
- the near infrared ray emitted from the light emitting element 10C reaches the middle distance
- the near infrared ray emitted from the light emitting element 10A is short distance. Only reach.
- the amount of light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C is varied depending on the magnitude of the drive current supplied to each of the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing changes in the detection signal of the light receiving element 32 with respect to the distance to the object to be detected.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing an example of the detection signal of the light receiving element 32.
- the light receiving element 32 receives the reflected light from all the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C and outputs all the detection signals 1, 2, and 3.
- the light receiving element 32 detects reflected light from the light emitting elements 10B and 10C and outputs detection signals 2 and 3.
- the light receiving element 32 detects only the reflected light from the light emitting element 10B and outputs a detection signal 2.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing another example of the detection signal of the light receiving element 32. Further, as shown in FIG. 9B, the light receiving element 32 outputs an addition value of the signal value of the detection signal based on the electric energy generated by photoelectric conversion based on the amount of reflected light from each light emitting element. May be.
- the light receiving element 32 receives reflected light from all the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C, and is shown in FIG. A detection signal corresponding to the sum of all detection signals 1, 2, and 3 is output.
- the light receiving element 32 receives the reflected light from the light emitting elements 10B and 10C and adds the detection signals 2 and 3 shown in FIG. A detection signal corresponding to is output.
- the light receiving element 32 receives the reflected light from the light emitting element 10B and outputs a detection signal corresponding to the detection signal 2 shown in FIG. .
- the light receiving element 32 sets the distance to the object to be detected based on a plurality of threshold values S1, S2, and S3 of the detection signal set in advance and the signal value of the detection signal corresponding to the reflected light. Judge that it is one of long distance. Specifically, the light receiving element 32 determines that the distance to the object to be detected is a long distance when the signal value of the detection signal is greater than or equal to the threshold value S1 and less than the threshold value S2. Similarly, when the signal value of the detection signal is equal to or greater than the threshold value S2 and less than the threshold value S3, the light receiving element 32 determines that the distance to the detected object is a medium distance. Furthermore, when the signal value of the detection signal is equal to or greater than the threshold value S3, the light receiving element 32 determines that the distance to the detected object is a short distance.
- the light receiving element 32 is set not to output a detection signal by the driver circuit when the amount of reflected light is equal to or less than a threshold S1 set in consideration of noise such as external light.
- the proximity sensor 19A of the second embodiment not only the touchless motion due to the detection object can be detected, but also in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the proximity sensor 19A (Z-axis direction).
- the distance of the detected object can also be detected. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide another sensor for detecting the distance in the Z-axis direction, and the number of parts does not need to be increased.
- the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are arranged at right angles such that the horizontal direction and the vertical direction are 90 °.
- the position of the light emitting element in the plane is particularly important. The relationship is not limited and can be arbitrarily arranged.
- the three distances of long distance, medium distance, and short distance are determined.
- a plurality of threshold values are set for the signal level (light reception amount) of the detection signal by the light receiving element.
- it is possible to determine a finer distance For example, it is possible to distinguish a long distance into two or more distances by setting a plurality of threshold values for the signal level of the detection signal from the light emitting element 10B having the “strong” light emission amount. is there. The same applies to medium and short distances.
- the wall surface of the concave portion of the three-dimensional circuit board on which the light emitting element is mounted is formed in a mortar shape.
- the wall surfaces of the plurality of concave portions of the three-dimensional circuit board on which the plurality of light emitting elements are respectively mounted are arranged so that the light emitted from each light emitting element is not directly received by the light receiving element. It forms so that it may incline outside. That is, the opening of the recessed portion of the three-dimensional circuit board is biased.
- FIG. 10 shows the shapes of the plurality of concave portions of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 on which the plurality of light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C are mounted in the proximity sensor 19B of the third embodiment, and the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C. It is a figure which shows the emission direction of the light to be performed.
- FIG. 10A is a plan view of the proximity sensor 19B.
- FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view in the direction of arrow CC in FIG.
- the proximity sensor 19B of the third embodiment has the same configuration as the proximity sensor 19 of the first embodiment except for the shape of the wall surface of the concave portion of the three-dimensional circuit board 1.
- the recesses 5aA, 5aB, and 5aC formed on the resin substrate 5 are formed on the paraboloid so that the light emitted from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C located at the focal points is reflected and approaches parallel light. It is formed on a close surface.
- the paraboloid is preferably, for example, parabolic so that the light from each light emitting element becomes parallel light.
- the central axes of the recesses 5aA and 5aB are approximately laterally outward (leftward and rightward in FIG. 10A) with respect to the Z-axis perpendicular to the surface of the resin substrate 5, respectively. Tilt 30 °.
- the central axis of the recess 5aC is inclined about 30 ° outward in the vertical direction (upward in FIG. 10A) with respect to the Z axis.
- the recesses 5aA, 5aB, and 5aC each have an opening that is biased outward. Therefore, the light emitted from each of the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C is incident on the object to be detected without being interfered with while diffusing outward. Thereby, the proximity sensor 19B can suppress the interference of light and can prevent erroneous detection of the detected object.
- the central axes of the recesses 5aA, the recesses 5aB, and the recesses 5aC are respectively oriented outward in the angular direction (upper right direction, lower left direction, and lower right direction in FIG. 10C). You may lean on. Accordingly, the proximity sensor 19B can emit light so as not to interfere with light from the light emitting elements 10A, 10B, and 10C.
- the interference of light emitted from a plurality of light emitting elements is suppressed, and from which light emitting element the reflected light reflected by the detection object is emitted. Can be properly identified.
- the fourth embodiment shows a proximity sensor in which a light receiving element is arranged at the center of a substrate and four light emitting elements are arranged around the light receiving element.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of light emitting elements and light receiving elements in the proximity sensor 29A of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a plan view of the proximity sensor 29A.
- the wall surfaces of the recesses 25A, 25B, 25C, and 25D are respectively in the horizontal direction (left direction and right direction in FIG. 11A) or in the vertical direction (upper direction in FIG. 11A).
- Direction, downward direction is respectively in the horizontal direction (left direction and right direction in FIG. 11A) or in the vertical direction (upper direction in FIG. 11A).
- FIG. 11B is a plan view of a proximity sensor 29B according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- the light receiving element 32 when detecting a touchless motion, detects when a detection object moves from a direction inclined by 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction or the vertical direction.
- the output pattern of the detection signal is the same. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the detection capability in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, the right diagonal 45 ° direction, and the left diagonal 45 ° direction, that is, the four directions.
- the wall surfaces of the recesses of the three-dimensional circuit board 1 face each other, mixing of light emitted from the four light emitting elements can be suppressed.
- the present invention is not limited to this method.
- a method of manufacturing the three-dimensional circuit board a two-shot method of manufacturing by performing injection molding twice may be used.
- a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) method may be used in which a circuit is formed by irradiating a laser along a circuit pattern and depositing plating only on the laser irradiation portion.
- the present invention is a proximity sensor that detects an object to be detected, and is useful because it can adjust the light emission timing of the light emitting unit in advance to simplify the design of the substrate and detect the object to be detected with high accuracy.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1の実施形態の近接センサ19における発光素子及び受光素子の配置を示す図である。近接センサ19は、立体回路基板1の上面に、少なくとも3つの発光素子10A、10B、10Cと1つの受光素子32とが実装されて構成されている。図1に示す様に、立体回路基板1の上面には、3つの発光素子10A、10B、10Cと1つの受光素子32が矩形の四隅に配置されている。即ち、立体回路基板1は、各発光素子10A、10B、10Cの電気回路が実装される例えば円形の底部(底面)と当該底部(底面)の周囲を囲む壁面とにより形成された円形の凹部(不図示)と、受光素子32の電気回路が実装される例えば矩形の底部(底面)と当該底部(底面)の周囲を囲む壁面とにより形成された矩形の凹部(不図示)とを有する構成である。
第1の実施形態では、近接センサが組み込まれている電子機器のディスプレイの表面に沿って手又は指等の被検出物を移動させるタッチレスモーションを検出可能な近接センサを示した。第2の実施形態では、タッチレスモーションを検出可能であることに加え、近接センサが組み込まれている電子機器のディスプレイの表面から垂直方向(Z軸方向)にある被検出物までの距離を検出可能な近接センサを示す。
第1の実施形態の近接センサでは、発光素子が実装される立体回路基板の凹部の壁面は、すり鉢状に形成されていた。第3の実施形態の近接センサでは、複数の発光素子がそれぞれ実装される立体回路基板の複数の凹部の壁面は、各発光素子から出射された光が受光素子に直接受光されない様に、受光素子に対して外側に傾く様に形成される。すなわち、立体回路基板の凹部の開口部は偏ったものとなる。
第1~第3の実施形態の近接センサでは、発光素子が3つである場合を示したが、発光素子の数は3つ以上であればよく、その数は任意である。第4の実施形態では、基板の中央に受光素子が配置され、その周囲に4つの発光素子が配置された近接センサを示す。
5 基板
5a、5aA、5aB、5aC、5aD、25A、25B、25C、25D 凹部
5b 底面
5c 壁面
7 Cu薄膜
8 輪郭
9b Cuめっき層
10A、10B、10C 発光素子
14 Niめっき層
16 Auめっき層
17 接着剤
19、19A、19B、29A、29B 近接センサ
32 受光素子
Claims (8)
- 被検出物を検出する近接センサであって、
基板と、
全てが直線に並ばずに前記基板の面に実装され、光を出射する少なくとも3つの発光部と、
前記少なくとも3つの発光部と所定の位置関係を構成して前記基板の面に実装され、前記発光部から出射されて前記被検出物で反射された反射光を受光する受光部と、
を備える近接センサ。 - 請求項1記載の近接センサであって、
前記基板は、1ショットレーザ輪郭除去法で製造された立体回路基板である近接センサ。 - 請求項1又は2記載の近接センサであって、
前記少なくとも3つの発光部及び前記受光部は、それぞれ前記基板の表面に形成された凹部に実装される近接センサ。 - 請求項1~3のうちいずれか一項に記載の近接センサであって、
前記受光部は、前記少なくとも3つの発光部から出射されて前記被検出物で反射された反射光の受光パターンを基に、前記被検出物の移動を検出する近接センサ。 - 請求項1~4のうちいずれか一項に記載の近接センサであって、
前記少なくとも3つの発光部から出射される光の発光量が異なり、
前記受光部は、前記反射された光の受光量をもとに、前記面に対して垂直方向の前記被検出物の距離を検出する近接センサ。 - 請求項3記載の近接センサであって、
前記少なくとも3つの発光部が載置される凹部は、前記受光部に対し、前記発光部から出射される光が外側を向く様に、前記外側に偏った開口部を有する近接センサ。 - 請求項1~6のうちいずれか一項に記載の近接センサであって、
前記基板の面に、前記受光部及び3つの前記発光部が矩形の四隅となるように配置された近接センサ。 - 請求項1~6のうちいずれか一項に記載の近接センサであって、
前記基板の面の中央に前記受光部が配置され、前記受光部の周囲に4つの前記発光部が配置された近接センサ。
Priority Applications (4)
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CN201380005307.4A CN104054008B (zh) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-11 | 接近传感器 |
US14/371,750 US9223054B2 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-11 | Proximity sensor |
EP13736429.5A EP2804022A4 (en) | 2012-01-13 | 2013-01-11 | PROXIMITY SENSOR |
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JP2012-005554 | 2012-01-13 | ||
JP2012005554A JP2013145174A (ja) | 2012-01-13 | 2012-01-13 | 近接センサ |
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EP (1) | EP2804022A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2013145174A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140105566A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104054008B (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201337307A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013105510A1 (ja) |
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KR102138510B1 (ko) * | 2013-08-27 | 2020-07-28 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 근접 터치 기능을 구비한 전자 장치 및 그 제어 방법 |
JP6247121B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2017-12-13 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 入力装置 |
JP2015179054A (ja) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-10-08 | 京セラディスプレイ株式会社 | 表示装置 |
US9525770B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2016-12-20 | Google Technology Holdings LLC | Portable electronic device with dual, diagonal proximity sensors and mode switching functionality |
KR101655810B1 (ko) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-09-22 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 차량용 디스플레이 장치 |
KR102279790B1 (ko) | 2015-03-10 | 2021-07-19 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 차량용 디스플레이 장치 |
US9945948B2 (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2018-04-17 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Method and apparatus for providing time-of-flight calculations using distributed light sources |
US10908324B2 (en) * | 2016-03-12 | 2021-02-02 | Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. | Molded photosensitive assembly of array imaging module |
KR102511622B1 (ko) * | 2016-06-09 | 2023-03-17 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 냉장고 |
WO2018009543A1 (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-11 | Molex, Llc | Molded interconnect device and method of making same |
JP2019002794A (ja) * | 2017-06-15 | 2019-01-10 | 日本精工株式会社 | 近接覚センサの制御方法 |
CN107884066A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-04-06 | 深圳奥比中光科技有限公司 | 基于泛光功能的光传感器及其3d成像装置 |
KR102523975B1 (ko) | 2017-10-11 | 2023-04-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 광원 일체형 광 센싱 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 전자 기기 |
CN108132138A (zh) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-06-08 | 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 | 光学检测组件 |
JP2019174126A (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-10 | パイオニア株式会社 | 測距装置 |
JP2019174125A (ja) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-10-10 | パイオニア株式会社 | 測距装置 |
TWI685670B (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-02-21 | 新加坡商光寶科技新加坡私人有限公司 | 具有雙發射器的近接感應模組 |
JP7300850B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-07 | 2023-06-30 | アズビル株式会社 | 検出装置及びクランプ装置 |
JP2021150671A (ja) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-27 | ローム株式会社 | 受光ic、近接センサ、および電子機器 |
EP4198554A1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-21 | STMicroelectronics (Research & Development) Limited | Assembly comprising a display screen and a proximity sensor |
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- 2013-01-11 KR KR1020147019375A patent/KR20140105566A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-01-11 WO PCT/JP2013/000094 patent/WO2013105510A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-01-11 CN CN201380005307.4A patent/CN104054008B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-01-11 EP EP13736429.5A patent/EP2804022A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-01-11 US US14/371,750 patent/US9223054B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW201337307A (zh) | 2013-09-16 |
CN104054008A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
KR20140105566A (ko) | 2014-09-01 |
EP2804022A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
EP2804022A4 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
US20150001414A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
JP2013145174A (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
US9223054B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
CN104054008B (zh) | 2016-11-23 |
TWI563278B (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
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