WO2013103744A1 - Improved dna polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes - Google Patents

Improved dna polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013103744A1
WO2013103744A1 PCT/US2013/020180 US2013020180W WO2013103744A1 WO 2013103744 A1 WO2013103744 A1 WO 2013103744A1 US 2013020180 W US2013020180 W US 2013020180W WO 2013103744 A1 WO2013103744 A1 WO 2013103744A1
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Prior art keywords
dna polymerase
assay
sample matrix
activity
pcr
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PCT/US2013/020180
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English (en)
French (fr)
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Shawn Mark O'hara
Daniel SWEITZIG
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Zeus Scientific, Inc.
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Priority to JP2014551321A priority Critical patent/JP6388540B2/ja
Priority to IN6516DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN06516A/en
Priority to KR1020147021867A priority patent/KR20150005511A/ko
Priority to CA2897010A priority patent/CA2897010C/en
Priority to EP13733757.2A priority patent/EP2800822B1/en
Priority to ES13733757.2T priority patent/ES2624871T3/es
Priority to AU2013206888A priority patent/AU2013206888A1/en
Priority to CN201380004900.7A priority patent/CN104066853B/zh
Priority to US14/370,752 priority patent/US9708651B2/en
Publication of WO2013103744A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013103744A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/6851—Quantitative amplification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/48—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving transferase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6844—Nucleic acid amplification reactions
    • C12Q1/686—Polymerase chain reaction [PCR]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2521/00—Reaction characterised by the enzymatic activity
    • C12Q2521/10—Nucleotidyl transfering
    • C12Q2521/101—DNA polymerase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
    • G01N2333/91—Transferases (2.)
    • G01N2333/912—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
    • G01N2333/91205—Phosphotransferases in general
    • G01N2333/91245—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7)

Definitions

  • DNA polymerase activity is indispensable for genome replication and organism propagation across all biological domains (1-3). Since its initial characterization (4), the ability to harness DNA polymerase activity in vitro has become a fundamental tool in the field of molecular biology research (5). Above and beyond its established importance in research, in vitro measurement of DNA polymerase activity potentially offers numerous useful applications within the pharmaceutical and clinical setting. For instance, since bacterial DNA polymerase is actively being targeted for development of novel antimicrobial agents (6, 7), a rapid and sensitive assay capable of measuring DNA polymerase activity is desirable. Also, loss or gain of DNA polymerase activity is intimately involved in human disease. For example, emerging links between DNA polymerase activity and genetic aberrations are designating the enzyme as a target for anti-cancer therapies (8, 9).
  • DNA polymerase activity has also been linked to mitochondrial disorders (10). Furthermore, measurement of DNA polymerase activity has the potential to be used as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic tool, capable of detecting virtually any organism harboring active DNA polymerase within a given environmental or biological matrix where sterility is expected.
  • DNA polymerase extension activity in accordance with the present invention as described herein represents a useful tool with far reaching applications such as, but not limited to, screening candidate -polymerase inhibitors in vitro, or detecting the presence any microbe (harboring active DNA polymerases) within a diverse range of sample types.
  • This is a substantial improvement over the state of the present art, because if intended for these purposes, routine use of traditional polymerase assays that incorporate radiolabeled nucleotides is unattractive. Consequently, numerous non-radioactive DNA polymerase extension assays have been developed in recent decades.
  • Microplate -based DNA polymerase assays have also been developed (15). Decreased sensitivity of microplate -based assays can be expected for numerous reasons, including dependence upon intermediate binding of either product or substrate to a microplate and/or inefficient incorporation of modified dNTPs by DNA polymerase. More recently, real-time measurement of DNA polymerase activity via molecular beacons has been described (16).
  • the present invention improves upon the technology of the background art as described above, and provides a rapid, highly sensitive and quantitative assay, capable of measuring DNA polymerase extension activity from purified enzymes or directly from microbial lysates, including crude microbial lysates.
  • the invention as described herein provides a significant and unexpected advancement toward sensitive detection of potentially any microorganism containing active DNA polymerase within a given sample matrix.
  • the present invention involves methodology for enzymatic template generation and amplification (ETGA). Accordingly herein is described the first characterization of a novel ETGA methodology based upon the
  • DPE-PCR this type of diagnostic assay provided by the invention is referred to as DPE-PCR.
  • the DPE-PCR assay of this invention can be used to measure low levels of purified enzyme and is capable of detecting endogenous DNA polymerase extension activity directly from microbial cell lysates.
  • FIGURE 1 is a Schematic overview of a preferred DPE-PCR diagnostic assay in accordance with the present invention, and wherein: (Step A) DNA polymerase is incubated with a substrate consisting of pre -annealed Oligo-1 and Oligo-2. (Step B) During a 20 minute incubation at 37 ° C, DNA polymerase extends only the 3 ' end of Oligo-1. (Step C) 3 of the reaction mixture is subsequently placed into a hot start qPCR reaction containing uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG).
  • UDG uracil DNA glycosylase
  • Step D Prior to activation of Taq, UDG degrades the deoxyuridine within Oligo-2, leaving only a single stranded product derived from polymerase-mediated extension of Oligo-1.
  • Step D After activation of Taq, amplification is initiated via primer binding to the Oligo-1 extension product.
  • Step E PCR cycling and detection via Taqman probe .
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the sensitive detection of purified DNA polymerase using DPE-PCR in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and wherein:
  • A A commercial source of DNA polymerase I was assayed in duplicate at 10 fold increments starting at 2 xlO 5 Units (U) down to 2x 10 "11 U per reaction. A representative DPE-PCR curve is shown for each polymerase input level and No Input Control (NIC).
  • C Triplicate reactions containing 2 x 10 ⁇ 7 U of DNA polymerase I, Klenow, Klenow (exo-) and E.
  • coli DNA Ligase were assayed in comparison to a NIC .
  • a representative DPE-PCR curve is presented for each of the assayed enzymes and NIC (D) DPE-PCR signal was compared in reactions containing a dNTP mixture with either dCTP or ddCTP, a schematic representing the available sites for dCTP or ddCTP incorporation within the DNA substrate is presented adjacent to the DPE-PCR curves.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic overview of coupling bead lysis to DPE-PCR in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a graphical representation of how the performance of DPE-PCR in accordance with the present invention enables sensitive and quantitative detection of gram negative and gram positive bacteria via measurement of DNA polymerase extension activity in crude lysates, and wherein: (A) Decreasing amounts of E. coli cfu were spiked into bead lysis-coupled DPE- PCR. No Input Controls (NIC) were also included to monitor reagent background levels. All cfu spikes and NICs were performed in triplicate. A representative DPE-PCR curve is shown below for each level of bacterial input. Colony count plating and gsPCR were performed in an effort to obtain a better estimate of the actual cfu placed into each reaction and is presented in
  • Figure 5 shows a graphical representation of the detection of bacteria by DPE-PCR in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, and wherein: (A) 5 of E. coli suspension were added to bead lysis-coupled DNA polymerase assays comprised of a dNTP mix containing either 50 ⁇ dCTP or 50 ⁇ ddCTP. DPE-PCR curves representing E. co/z ' -derived DNA polymerase activity is presented. Approximate cfu input as determined by plating is presented in the upper left region of the qPCR graph (B) 5 ⁇ , of E.
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of another embodiment of the present invention in which DPE-PCR ais an indicator of E. coli viability in response to heat treatment, and wherein: (A) 200 ⁇ , aliquots of an E. coli suspension (-2000 cful ⁇ L) were incubated at 25° C, 45°C, 65° C, 85° C and 105° C for 20 minutes. After heating, each bacterial stock was cooled to room temperature and 5 ⁇ ⁇ were transferred to the bead lysis-coupled DPE-PCR assay. DPE-PCR curves representing E. co/z ' -derived DNA polymerase activity following each of the indicated temperature treatments are presented.
  • (B) Plots were generated from triplicate DPE-PCR reactions and gsPCR of genomic DNA (from the same lysates) after the indicated temperature treatments of E. coli suspensions. Parallel plating was also performed in triplicate for each of the treated E. coli suspensions. Representative cfu monitoring plates are presented below the graph, revealing bacterial viability status after treatment at each temperature.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical illustration of another embodiment of the present invention, in which DPE-PCR is an indicator of S. aureus viability in response to heat treatment, and wherein: (A) 200 ⁇ , aliquots of an S. aureus suspension (-2000 cful ⁇ L) were incubated at 25° C, 45°C, 65° C, 85° C and 105° C for 20 minutes. After heating, each bacterial stock was cooled to room temperature and 5 were transferred to the bead lysis-coupled DPE-PCR assay. DPE-PCR curves representing S.aureus-derived DNA polymerase activity following each of the indicated temperature treatments are presented.
  • experimental evidence presented herein suggests that DNA polymerase extension activity is an indicator of bacterial viability, as demonstrated by the reproducibly strong concordance between assay signal and bacterial colony formation.
  • novel methodology of the invention described herein represents a significant advancement toward sensitive detection of potentially any microorganism containing active DNA polymerase within a given sample matrix.
  • the sequence of the DNA substrate was adapted from DNA oligos previously used to measure bacterial-derived ATP via T4 DNA ligase (18). Briefly, Oligo 1 and Oligo 2 (see Figure 1) were pre-annealed and diluted to a working concentration of 0.01 ⁇ .
  • DNA Pol I (NEB cat# M0209L), Klenow (NEB cat# M0210S) and Klenow exo(-) (NEB cat# M0212S) were diluted to the indicated U/ ⁇ stock in Tris EDTA (T.E.) pH 8.0.
  • T.E. Tris EDTA
  • qPCR quantitative PCR
  • the qPCR reaction master mix was prepared using the following components:
  • each qPCR reaction also included 40 copies of competitive internal control DNA.
  • Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were used in this study. Cultures were grown in/on Brain-Heart Infusion liquid media/agar (Teknova.) The ATCC reference numbers and growth media for the additional 17 microorganisms tested are listed in Figure 5.
  • lysis/reaction tubes were bead milled for 6 min. at 2800 rpm, followed by incubation at 37° C for 20min. After a 20 minute incubation, samples were heated to 95° C for 5 min. and removed to cool at room temperature. Samples were then spun at 12k x g for 30 seconds and 3iL of each reaction were placed into qPCR. Five micro-liters of each bacterial stock was plated to obtain more accurate cfu input levels. Organism-specific PCR was also performed on the same lysates used for DNA polymerase detection. Primer and probe sequences for S. aureus and E. coli gene specific PCR are listed in Figure 2.
  • DNA polymerase assay reactions were prepared as described above with a dNTP mix containing either 50 ⁇ dCTP or 50 ⁇ ddCTP (Affymetrix #77332.) Reactions containing either dNTP mix were spiked with 2 x 10 ⁇ 9 U of DNA polymerase I (New England Biolabs # M0209). Reactions were incubated at 37° C for 20 minutes and 3 ⁇ ⁇ of each reaction were subsequently placed into qPCR.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic overview of the mechanisms involved in coupling DNA polymerase extension activity to qPCR.
  • Oligo 2 (see Figure 1 , step C ) is removed by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) prior to Taq activation, thus preventing non-specific extension of the substrate just prior to PCR cycling.
  • UDG uracil DNA glycosylase
  • Sensitive universal detection of microbes via measurement of endogenous DNA polymerase extension activity directly from cell lysates In addition to detecting purified polymerase activity, a simple universal method that measures microbial-derived DNA polymerase activity would be highly desirable. If achieved, such a method could enable the screening of candidate antimicrobial agents in actively growing cultures, thus allowing comparison of DNA polymerase extension activity to organism proliferation. Additionally, measurement of DNA polymerase extension activity could be used to screen environmental or biological samples for the presence of any microorganism harboring active DNA polymerase. To this end, we developed a simple method that couples microbial lysis to a DPE-PCR assay provided by the invention.
  • a liquid sample known to contain, or suspected of containing, microbes is added to a bead mill lysis tube, disrupted and immediately transitioned into the DPE-PCR assay.
  • E. coli gram negative bacteria
  • S. aureus gram positive bacteria
  • the DPE-PCR assay when linked with bead mill lysis, the DPE-PCR assay is capable of detecting a wide dynamic range of input E. coli, down to and below 10 colony forming units ⁇ cfu) per lysis tube. Linear regression analysis of E.
  • Colony count plating and gsPCR were performed in parallel to confirm the amount of S. aureus present in each bead lysis tube, as well as the presence of directly analyzable genomic DNA.
  • Complete tables of plating, gsPCR and DNA polymerase activity results for both E. coli and S. aureus can be found in Figures 3 and 4.
  • Figure 5B demonstrates the rescue effect that increasing amounts of dCTP has on quantifiable DNA polymerase extension activity derived from E. coli lysates.
  • gsPCR was run in parallel to verify that equivalent amounts of E. coli were present in each of the assayed lysates.
  • a graphical comparison of DNA polymerase activity versus presence of genomic DNA is presented in Figure 5C.
  • Signal termination (via ddCTP) and dCTP rescue experiments were subsequently repeated with S. aureus and similar results were obtained (Figure 5D-F). Tables containing DPE-PCR and gsPCR data for both E. coli and S. aureus can be found in Figures 6 and 7.
  • qPCR internal control values are provided to demonstrate that low levels of ddCTP carried over into qPCR are not inhibitory, and thus are not responsible for the disappearance of DNA polymerase activity signal ( Figures 6 A and 7A). Together, the data presented in Figure 5 strongly support the claim that the DPE-PCR assay is specifically detecting microbial DNA polymerase extension activity and signal is not derived from substrate modification via enzymatic activities other than DNA polymerase. Measurement of DNA polymerase extension activity as an indicator of bacterial viability
  • Figure 6A represents the levels of E. coli DNA polymerase extension activity measured after the indicated amounts of heat treatment. Notably, a significant drop in E. coli DNA polymerase extension activity was observed after incubation of bacterial suspensions between 45° C and 65° C ( Figure 6A). In contrast, gsPCR signal obtained from the same lysates remained relatively constant at all temperatures and is graphically compared to DNA polymerase activity in Figure 6B.
  • Figure 7A-C show similar results obtained from heat treatment experiments repeated with S. aureus.
  • the strong concordance between the presence of cfu and DNA polymerase extension activity shown in Figures 4, 6, 7, and Table 1 of Figure 8, demonstrates that DPE-PCR performed according to this invention has potential to be used as a general indicator of cell viability, and may additionally present the possibility of measuring DNA polymerase extension activity from microbes exposed to other clinically or pharmaceutically relevant agents (bacteriostatic and bactericidal) aimed at reducing cell proliferation or viability.

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PCT/US2013/020180 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 Improved dna polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes WO2013103744A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014551321A JP6388540B2 (ja) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 改良したｄｎａポリメラーゼ活性アッセイおよび生菌の検出を可能にする方法
IN6516DEN2014 IN2014DN06516A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03
KR1020147021867A KR20150005511A (ko) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 개선된 dna 중합효소 활성 분석 및 생육성 미생물의 검출을 가능하게 하는 방법
CA2897010A CA2897010C (en) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 Improved dna polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes
EP13733757.2A EP2800822B1 (en) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 Improved dna polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes
ES13733757.2T ES2624871T3 (es) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 Ensayos mejorados de la actividad de ADN polimerasa y métodos que facilitan la detección de microbios viables
AU2013206888A AU2013206888A1 (en) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 Improved DNA polymerase activity assays and methods enabling detection of viable microbes
CN201380004900.7A CN104066853B (zh) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 改进的dna聚合酶活性测定和允许检测活微生物的方法
US14/370,752 US9708651B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2013-01-03 DNA polymerase activity assays and methods enabling determination of viable microbes

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US61/583,568 2012-01-05

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WO2016005768A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Momentum Bioscience Limited Method and kit of detecting the absence of micro-organisms
WO2017219929A1 (zh) * 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 广州康昕瑞基因健康科技有限公司 模板-引物核酸分子、聚合酶活性测定方法及试剂盒
WO2021069903A1 (en) 2019-10-08 2021-04-15 Momentum Bioscience Limited Microorganism capture from antimicrobial-containing solution
EP4613858A2 (en) 2018-04-03 2025-09-10 Momentum Bioscience Limited Microorganism separation and detection

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CN106987643A (zh) * 2017-05-05 2017-07-28 广州和实生物技术有限公司 一种 Taq DNA 聚合酶活性检测方法
CN109609606B (zh) * 2018-11-28 2023-03-31 成都博奥晶芯生物科技有限公司 一种dna聚合酶的相对酶活的测定方法
KR102441122B1 (ko) * 2020-05-11 2022-09-07 주식회사 엔지노믹스 폴리머라제 활성 측정 방법

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JP2015503925A (ja) 2015-02-05
CN104066853A (zh) 2014-09-24
JP6388540B2 (ja) 2018-09-12
AU2013206888A1 (en) 2014-08-21
EP2800822A1 (en) 2014-11-12
KR20150005511A (ko) 2015-01-14
CA2897010A1 (en) 2013-07-11
ES2624871T3 (es) 2017-07-17
EP2800822B1 (en) 2017-03-29
US9708651B2 (en) 2017-07-18
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CA2897010C (en) 2017-11-07

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