WO2013099670A1 - メタクリル系重合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
メタクリル系重合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099670A1 WO2013099670A1 PCT/JP2012/082629 JP2012082629W WO2013099670A1 WO 2013099670 A1 WO2013099670 A1 WO 2013099670A1 JP 2012082629 W JP2012082629 W JP 2012082629W WO 2013099670 A1 WO2013099670 A1 WO 2013099670A1
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/01—Processes of polymerisation characterised by special features of the polymerisation apparatus used
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/02—Polymerisation in bulk
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
- C08F2/06—Organic solvent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/04—Azo-compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
- C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/001—Removal of residual monomers by physical means
- C08F6/003—Removal of residual monomers by physical means from polymer solutions, suspensions, dispersions or emulsions without recovery of the polymer therefrom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/06—Treatment of polymer solutions
- C08F6/10—Removal of volatile materials, e.g. solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/917—Manipulative processes involving a sulfur-containing treating agent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for continuously producing a methacrylic polymer by bulk polymerization.
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- this method is a production method suitable for small-lot production of various varieties, since an auxiliary agent such as a dispersant is used, these remain in the molding material and the quality deteriorates. Further, post-treatment requires washing with a large amount of water and subsequent drying treatment. Furthermore, since the polymerization operation is a batch system, the operation operation is inefficient and complicated, and at the same time, the apparatus cost, the operation cost, etc. are high.
- Patent Document 1 in the production of acrylic resin, the addition amount of the radical polymerization initiator in the continuous tank reactor is within a specific range, and the subsequent plug flow reactor is manufactured under specific conditions. And a method for stably producing a methacrylic polymer having excellent moldability with high productivity.
- Patent Document 1 The method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a manufacturing method having good heat decomposition resistance and relatively high productivity. However, since the amount of the radical polymerization initiator added in the continuous tank reactor is limited for the purpose of suppressing a decrease in the thermal decomposition resistance, there is a limit in productivity.
- This invention is made
- a method for producing a methacrylic polymer comprising the following steps (1) and (2).
- reactor (A) Using a fully mixed reactor (A) (hereinafter referred to as “reactor (A)”), the following steps (1) -1, (1) -2, and (1) -3 were performed. Get one syrup.
- (1) -1 A monomer mixture containing 80 to 99.9% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of alkyl acrylate, 0.01 to 1.0 mole part of mercaptan with respect to 100 mole parts of the monomer mixture, and the following formula (1)
- the first radical polymerization initiator (a) in an amount satisfying the above is continuously fed to the reactor (A).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of the alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- (1) -2 The mixture is stirred and mixed at a temperature of 110 to 160 ° C. in the reactor (A), and polymerized so that the polymer content of the monomer mixture is 40 to 60% by mass.
- a reaction apparatus (D) having a plug flow type mixing mixer (B) (hereinafter referred to as “mixer (B)”) and a plug flow type reactor (C) (hereinafter referred to as “reactor (C)”) is used.
- c) is added to form a syrup mixture and then polymerized in the reactor (C) to obtain a second syrup.
- a method for producing a methacrylic polymer comprising the following steps (1) to (3).
- Process (1) Using the reactor (A), the first syrup is obtained by the steps including the following steps (1) -1, (1) -2 and (1) -3.
- (1) -1 A monomer mixture containing 80 to 99.9% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of alkyl acrylate, 0.01 to 1.0 mole part of mercaptan with respect to 100 mole parts of the monomer mixture, and the following formula (1
- the first radical polymerization initiator (a) in an amount satisfying the above is continuously fed to the reactor (A).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of the alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- (1) -2 The mixture is stirred and mixed at a temperature of 110 to 160 ° C. in the reactor (A), and polymerized so that the polymer content of the monomer mixture is 40 to 60% by mass.
- Process (2) Using the reactor (D) having the mixer (B) and the reactor (C), the second syrup is obtained by a process including the following processes (2) -1, (2) -2 and (2) -3: Get.
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- the syrup mixture is polymerized in the reactor (C) in which the inner wall temperature is set to be not less than the temperature in the reactor (A) and not more than 230 ° C. to obtain a polymerization mixture.
- Step (3) Supplying the second syrup to the volatile removal apparatus (E) and continuously separating and removing the volatiles.
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- the residence time of the syrup in the mixer (B) in the step (2) is 1 to 30 seconds, the syrup temperature (° C.) at the mixer (B) inlet is x, and the syrup temperature at the mixer (B) outlet ( When (° C.) is y, the following formula (4) is satisfied,
- a methacrylic polymer having excellent thermal decomposition resistance and excellent moldability can be stably produced with high productivity.
- the present invention is a method for producing a methacrylic polymer including the following steps (1) and (2).
- Process (1) Using the reactor (A), the first syrup is obtained by the steps including the following steps (1) -1, (1) -2 and (1) -3.
- (1) -1 A monomer mixture containing 80 to 99.9% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of alkyl acrylate, 0.01 to 1.0 mole part of mercaptan with respect to 100 mole parts of the monomer mixture, and the following formula (1)
- the first radical polymerization initiator (a) in an amount satisfying the above is continuously fed to the reactor (A).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of the alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- (1) -2 The mixture is stirred and mixed at a temperature of 110 to 160 ° C. in the reactor (A), and polymerized so that the polymer content of the monomer mixture is 40 to 60% by mass.
- Process (2) A step of obtaining a second syrup using a reactor (D) having a mixer (B) and a reactor (C), wherein the inner wall temperature is set to not less than the temperature in the reactor (A) and not more than 230 ° C.
- the second radical polymerization initiator (c) is added to the first syrup with the mixer (B) to form a syrup mixture, and then the second syrup is obtained by polymerization in the reactor (C).
- a method for producing a methacrylic polymer including the following steps (1) to (3) can be mentioned.
- Process (1) Using the reactor (A), the first syrup is obtained by steps including the following steps (1) -1, (1) -2, and (1) -3.
- (1) -1 A monomer mixture containing 80 to 99.9% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of alkyl acrylate, 0.01 to 1.0 mole part of mercaptan with respect to 100 mole parts of the monomer mixture, and the following formula (1
- the first radical polymerization initiator (a) in an amount satisfying the above is continuously fed to the reactor (A).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of the alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. .
- (1) -2 The mixture is stirred and mixed at a temperature of 110 to 160 ° C. in the reactor (A), and polymerized so that the polymer content of the monomer mixture is 40 to 60% by mass.
- Process (2) Using the reaction apparatus (D) having the mixer (B) and the reactor (C), the second step is performed by a process including the following processes (2) -1, (2) -2, and (2) -3. Get syrup.
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture, and ⁇ is the ratio (mass%) of the alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced. ).
- the syrup mixture is polymerized in the reactor (C) in which the inner wall temperature is set to be not less than the temperature in the reactor (A) and not more than 230 ° C. to obtain a polymerization mixture.
- Step (3) Supplying the second syrup to the volatile removal apparatus (E) and continuously separating and removing the volatiles.
- a monomer mixture containing methyl methacrylate as a main component is subjected to continuous bulk polymerization using a complete mixing reactor, and subsequently using a plug flow reactor.
- a methacrylic polymer that can control the polymerization reaction stably, has a high production volume per unit volume and unit time, and is excellent in heat decomposability and good moldability can be provided.
- syrup means a mixture of a methacrylic polymer and an unreacted monomer mixture in which a part of the monomer mixture is polymerized.
- the methacrylic polymer produced by the method according to the present invention is a copolymer containing 80 to 99.9% by mass of methyl methacrylate units and 0.1 to 20% by mass of alkyl acrylate units.
- the sum total of a methyl methacrylate unit and an alkyl acrylate unit shall be 100 mass%.
- a monomer mixture containing methyl methacrylate and alkyl acrylate as monomers is used.
- the alkyl group of the alkyl acrylate is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a 2-ethylhexyl group, a dodecyl group, and a stearyl group. These alkyl acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and an alkyl acrylate selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate is particularly preferable.
- Methyl methacrylate is different in polymerization activity from the copolymerized alkyl acrylate. Therefore, when a methacrylic polymer having the above composition is to be obtained, the composition of the monomer mixture charged as a raw material should be within the range of 80 to 99.9% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 0.1 to 20% by weight of alkyl acrylate. For example, it can be selected appropriately depending on their polymerization activity.
- a raw material containing a monomer mixture, a mercaptan, and a first radical polymerization initiator (a) is continuously supplied to one reaction zone.
- Examples of the mercaptan used in the present invention include alkyl groups or substituted alkyl groups such as n-butyl mercaptan, isobutyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecyl mercaptan, sec-butyl mercaptan, sec-dodecyl mercaptan, tertbutyl mercaptan and the like.
- the amount of mercaptan used is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mol% with respect to the monomer mixture.
- the amount of mercaptan used is 0.01 mol% or more, the reaction rate tends to be easily controlled, and a methacrylic polymer having a certain quality and excellent moldability tends to be easily obtained.
- the amount of mercaptan used is 1.0 mol% or less, the degree of polymerization is sufficient and good product strength tends to be obtained.
- the amount of mercaptan used is more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol%, still more preferably 0.1 to 0.4 mol%, based on the monomer mixture.
- the first radical polymerization initiator (a) used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it decomposes at the polymerization temperature and generates radicals.
- Examples of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) include tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanate, tert-butyl peroxylaurate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate, tert-hexyl.
- Peroxyisopropyl monocarbonate tert-butyl peroxyacetate, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis (tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, tert- Butyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanate, tert-butyl peroxy isobutyrate, tert-hexyl-hexyl peroxy-2-ethyl hexanate, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5 -Screw( organic peroxides such as ert-butylperoxy) hexane; 2- (carbamoylazo) -isobutyronitrile, 1,1′-azobis (1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile), 2,2′-azobisisobutyro Nitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), di
- radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more. However, when two or more kinds of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) in the step (1) are used, it is preferable to use one kind alone because the polymerization becomes complicated.
- Process (1) In the present invention, the reactor (A) is used to obtain the first syrup.
- the amount of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) used in the step (1) is an amount that satisfies the following formula (1).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture.
- ⁇ is a ratio (% by mass) of alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced.
- the usage-amount of the 1st radical polymerization initiator (a) in a process (1) is an quantity which satisfies following formula (3).
- the temperature in the reactor (A) is 110 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower, and is continuously polymerized by stirring and mixing substantially uniformly. Get syrup.
- the temperature in the reactor (A) is preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 140 ° C. or lower.
- the polymerization temperature When the temperature of the reaction mixture in the reactor (A) (hereinafter also referred to as the polymerization temperature) is 110 ° C. or higher, the viscosity is moderate, mixing or heat transfer is easily achieved, and stable control of the reaction is easy. Therefore, the polymer content ⁇ of the reaction mixture described later tends to be easily obtained.
- the polymerization temperature is 160 ° C. or lower, there is a tendency to suppress the formation of by-products such as a methyl methacrylate dimer, and from the viewpoint of the stereoregularity of the polymer, it is possible to suppress a decrease in syndiotactic structure. There is a tendency that a decrease in heat resistance and moldability of the methacrylic polymer can be suppressed.
- the temperature control can be performed by a known method. For example, methods such as heat transfer heat removal or heating by circulating a heating medium to a draft tube or a coil installed in a jacket, a complete mixing reactor, cooling supply of a monomer mixture, reflux cooling, or the like can be employed.
- the polymer content ⁇ (mass%) (hereinafter also referred to as the polymerization rate ⁇ ) in the first syrup continuously taken out from the reactor (A) satisfies 40 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 60. It is preferable to maintain a substantially constant value.
- the polymerization rate ⁇ is 40% or more, there is a tendency that an increase in the cost for separation of volatiles mainly composed of unreacted monomers can be suppressed.
- the polymerization rate ⁇ is 60% or less, mixing and heat transfer are sufficiently achieved and stable operation tends to be possible.
- the polymerization rate ⁇ is more preferably 45 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 55.
- polymerization can be performed as follows.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen
- the dissolved oxygen concentration is set to 2 mass ppm or less, more preferably 1 mass ppm or less.
- a tank reactor equipped with a stirring device provided with a supply port and a discharge port can be used as the reactor (A).
- the stirrer has mixing performance throughout the reaction zone.
- the tank reactor has a mechanism capable of supplying a solvent for the purpose of improving safety in polymerization of the reaction mixture in the reaction zone.
- Any solvent may be used, but a solvent such as toluene having a boiling point of about 100 ° C. or higher is preferable.
- a mechanism capable of supplying the solvent for example, a method using a pump capable of supplying at a discharge pressure higher than the pressure in the reactor, or a container holding the solvent is pressurized to a pressure higher than the pressure in the reaction zone and pumped. It can carry out by known methods, such as a method to do. Furthermore, it is preferable to secure an emergency power supply for a mechanism and a stirring device capable of supplying a solvent, assuming that power supply becomes difficult due to a power failure or the like.
- the first syrup is continuously extracted from the reactor (A) and supplied to the mixer (B) by a known method such as a method using a commercially available pump.
- a gear pump is preferable as a commercially available pump.
- a second syrup is obtained using a reaction apparatus (D) comprising a mixer (B) and a reactor (C). That is, first, the second radical polymerization initiator (c) is added to the first syrup extracted from the reactor (A), mixed by the mixer (B), and then the plug flow reactor (C). Proceed with polymerization.
- a reaction apparatus (D) what uses n sets of mixers (Bn) and reactors (Cn) (n is an integer of 1 or more) arranged in the order of the mixer (Bn) and the reactor (Cn) is used. can do.
- the second radical polymerization initiator (cn) can be added at each mixer (Bn) inlet.
- each radical polymerization initiator (cn) may be the same or different.
- the addition amount of each radical polymerization initiator (cn) may be the same or different.
- the inside of the mixer (B) and the reactor (C) arranged in series with the reactor (A) can be raised to the vapor pressure or higher of the reaction solution.
- it is 0.5 to 5 MPa and is equal to or higher than the vapor pressure of the reaction solution.
- the first syrup extracted from the reactor (A) by the above-mentioned method is continuously mixed with the second radical polymerization initiator by the mixer (B) installed.
- a syrup mixture is obtained by mixing with (c) and polymerized in the reactor (C) to obtain a second syrup.
- n sets of mixers (Bn) and reactors (Cn) n is an integer of 1 or more
- the syrup obtained in the reactor (Cn) becomes the second syrup.
- the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) is set to a temperature not lower than the reactor (A) internal temperature and not higher than 230 ° C.
- the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) By making the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) equal to or higher than the temperature in the reactor (A), the increase in the viscosity of the syrup mixture on the inner wall surface of the mixer (B) tends to be suppressed, and the blockage of the mixer can be suppressed. It tends to be possible to drive. Moreover, by setting the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) to 230 ° C. or lower, the decomposition of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) is suppressed, and the polymerization rate is sufficiently high in the reactor (C) which is a post-process. Tend to be able to.
- the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) is preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the second radical polymerization initiator (c) for example, those similar to the first radical polymerization initiator (a) can be used.
- the same radical polymerization initiator may be used, or different radical polymerization initiators may be used.
- the amount of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) used is preferably an amount that satisfies the following formula (2) (condition iii).
- ⁇ is the number of moles of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) with respect to 1 mole of the monomer mixture.
- ⁇ is a ratio (% by mass) of alkyl acrylate units in the methacrylic polymer to be produced.
- the second radical polymerization initiator (cn) can be added at each mixer (Bn) inlet.
- the amount of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) used in the formula (2) is This is the total amount of the second radical polymerization initiator (cn).
- a second radical polymerization initiator (c) having a half-life time of 1000 seconds or less at the inner wall temperature of the mixer (B) is added.
- This half-life is 1000 seconds or less, the polymerization rate is unlikely to increase at the low fluidity portion of the wall surface of the mixer (B), and the blockage of the mixer (B) tends to be suppressed.
- the above half-life is preferably 500 seconds or less.
- the residence time of syrup in the mixer (B) is 1 to 30 seconds.
- the syrup temperature (° C.) (x) at the inlet of the mixer (B) is set, the syrup temperature (° C.) (y) at the outlet of the mixer (B) satisfies the following formula (4).
- the residual rate of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) contained in the syrup at the outlet of the mixer (B) is 95% or more.
- the diameter of the mixer (B) can be made moderate, and the pressure loss tends to be suppressed.
- the reduction in the residual rate of the radical polymerization initiator (c) contained in the syrup at the outlet of the mixer (B) tends to be suppressed.
- the radical polymerization initiator (c) contained in the syrup at the outlet of the mixer (B) is preferably decomposed gradually so that the polymerization can proceed while consuming the initiator efficiently.
- the radical polymerization initiator (c) contained in the syrup at the outlet of the mixer (B) is 95% or more, in the subsequent reactor (C), the radical polymerization initiator (c ), The polymerization rate can be further increased, which is preferable.
- the residual rate of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) can be calculated by a known method. For example, as the residual rate of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) in the syrup obtained at the outlet of the mixer (B), the value calculated by the following formulas (5) and (6) is used.
- the second syrup temperature (° C.) (y) at the outlet of the mixer (B) is used as the temperature for calculating kd.
- the mixer (B) is preferably a jacketed tubular mixer with a static mixer.
- a static mixer By using the static mixer, not only the apparatus main body is simplified, but also the power required for stirring is not required, so that no accessory equipment is required and the equipment cost can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.
- a commercially available static mixer can be used.
- a static mixer commercially available from Noritake Co., Ltd. or a through-the mixer available from Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is suitable.
- the polymerization rate of the syrup obtained at the outlet of the reactor (C) is increased by further increasing the polymerization rate of the syrup passed through the mixer (B) by the subsequent reactor (C). .
- the inner wall temperature of the reactor (C) is set to a temperature not lower than the reactor (A) internal temperature and not higher than 230 ° C.
- the inner wall temperature of the reactor (C) By making the inner wall temperature of the reactor (C) equal to or higher than the inner temperature of the reactor (A), it is possible to suppress the increase in the viscosity of syrup on the inner wall surface of the reactor (C), thereby suppressing the clogging of the mixer. Tends to be achieved. Further, by setting the inner wall temperature of the reactor (C) to 230 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or lower, decomposition of the radical polymerization initiator (c) tends to be suppressed and a sufficient polymerization rate tends to be obtained.
- the half-life time at the inner wall temperature of the reactor (C) of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) contained in the syrup at the outlet of the mixer (B) is preferably 1000 seconds or less (condition ii).
- this half-life is preferably 500 seconds or less, it is possible to suppress an increase in the polymerization rate in the low fluidity portion of the reactor wall surface, and the blockage of the reactor (C) can be suppressed. There is a tendency.
- this half-life is too short, there is no problem in operation, but the decomposition of the radical polymerization initiator (c) is accelerated and the polymerization rate cannot be sufficiently increased, and only the dimer is produced and the physical properties are inferior. A polymer may be formed. Therefore, it is preferable to use a radical initiator having a half-life of 0.1 seconds or more.
- the average residence time of syrup in the reactor (C) is preferably 1 minute to 1 hour.
- the average residence time is preferably 1 minute to 1 hour.
- a sufficient polymerization rate tends to be obtained.
- the average transit time is set to 1 hour or less, the production of dimer tends to be suppressed and the productivity can be improved.
- the second syrup at the outlet of the reactor (C) is produced so that the polymer content (final polymerization rate) is in the range of 50 to 90% by mass.
- the polymer content final polymerization rate
- the amount is preferably 55 to 85% by mass, more preferably 60 to 80% by mass.
- the reactor (C) is preferably a jacketed tubular mixer with a static mixer.
- a static mixer By using the static mixer, not only the apparatus main body is simplified, but also the power required for stirring is not required, so that no accessory equipment is required and the equipment cost can be reduced, and the running cost can be reduced.
- a commercially available static mixer can be used.
- a static mixer commercially available from Noritake Co., Ltd. or a through-the mixer available from Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. is suitable.
- the step (2) is provided a plurality of times for each temperature region, and the syrup temperature is sequentially increased in accordance with the rise of the syrup temperature due to the polymerization heat generation. Specifically, after the step (1), the step (2) set at a higher temperature than the step (1) is passed to increase the polymerization rate. Further, in the reaction apparatus (D), when n sets of plug flow type reaction apparatuses (Cn) and plug flow type mixing mixers (Bn) are arranged after the mixer (B), they are arranged on the inlet side of the reactor (Cn). It is preferable to increase the polymerization rate by setting the temperature high.
- the second radical polymerization initiator (c) added at the inlet of each mixer (Bn) has a half-life time of 1000 seconds or less at the inner wall surface temperature in the mixer (B) and the reactor (C). Moreover, it is preferable that it is the 2nd radical polymerization initiator (c) from which the 10-hour half life temperature becomes long sequentially from the said entrance side.
- the amount of addition of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) is the sum of the amount of addition of the radical polymerization initiator (cn) before passing through each mixer (Bn) as described above.
- Step (3) the second syrup obtained in the step (2) is supplied to the subsequent volatile matter removing device (E), and the methacrylic polymer is continuously removed and removed in the step (3). Can be obtained.
- any method may be used as long as it can separate and remove the volatile content from the second syrup and take out the methacrylic polymer. Machine.
- the second syrup may remain at the temperature obtained in the step (2) or may be further heated.
- the temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 230 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 210 ° C. or lower.
- the second syrup under a reduced pressure of 0.0001 to 0.1 MPa to continuously remove most of the volatile components mainly composed of methacrylic monomers.
- the content of the monomer mixture in the methacrylic polymer obtained by separating and removing volatiles is preferably 0.3% by mass or less.
- the content of the monomer mixture dimer is preferably 0.1% by mass or less.
- the mercaptan content is preferably 50 ppm by mass or less.
- volatiles such as an unreacted monomer mixture are condensed and recovered by a condenser and reused as a raw material in the step (1).
- a single screw or a twin screw may be used.
- any coating is preferable in the screw surface of a devolatilization extruder. Examples thereof include hard chrome plating, titanium nitride coating, and chromium nitride coating.
- lubricants such as higher alcohols and higher fatty acid esters can be added.
- an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a coloring agent, an antistatic agent, an antioxidant, etc. can be added as needed.
- the methacrylic polymer obtained in the present invention is characterized by excellent quality, particularly moldability, when used as a molding material.
- the quality of the moldability can be determined by the temperature range at which the molding process can be performed, and the larger the width, the better.
- the lower limit temperature of this temperature range is determined mainly depending on the fluidity of the molding material, and can be controlled relatively easily by changing the degree of polymerization, the amount of copolymerization component, and the amount of plasticizer.
- the upper limit temperature of the temperature range depends on the heat decomposability and volatile content of the molding material.
- the thermal decomposition resistance of the polymer is mainly determined by the number of double bonds at the end of the polymer chain accompanying the termination reaction of the polymer radical and the amount of alkyl acrylate copolymerized. The one with fewer double bonds has better thermal decomposition resistance.
- the number of double bonds at the end of the polymer chain is preferably as small as possible since it becomes the starting point of thermal decomposition by heating during molding. Since the number of double bonds at the end of the polymer chain increases with the addition amount of the radical polymerization initiator, it is preferable that the addition amount of the radical polymerization initiator is small.
- the one where the amount of copolymerization of alkyl acrylate is larger is excellent in the thermal decomposition resistance.
- This alkyl acrylate has a strong resistance to thermal decomposition and has an effect of stopping the thermal decomposition of the polymer chain.
- the greater the copolymerization amount of the alkyl acrylate the higher the effect of suppressing the thermal decomposition of the polymer. It is possible to obtain a polymer maintaining high heat resistance and high productivity.
- the copolymerization amount of the alkyl acrylate unit in the methacrylic polymer is 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 2 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 15% by mass. In the case of 0.1% by mass or more, it is possible to suppress a decrease in heat decomposition resistance. When the content is 20% by mass or less, the obtained molded body has good heat decomposition resistance and heat resistance. Generally, as the amount of copolymerized alkyl acrylate units increases, the glass transition temperature of the copolymer decreases and the heat resistance decreases, so the use as a molding material, heat decomposition resistance, heat resistance, fluidity, etc. The copolymerization amount may be selected according to the desired physical properties.
- Residual monomer amount and residual dimer amount A solution in which a part of the methacrylic polymer was dissolved in acetone was measured using HP-6890 gas chromatography (trade name, manufactured by Agilent Technologies). By calculating the content of each component by the internal standard method, the amount of residual monomer and the amount of residual dimer (% by mass) were determined.
- Example 1 The present invention was implemented as follows using the apparatus shown in FIG.
- Step (1) Nitrogen was introduced into the monomer mixture containing 97.8% by mass of purified methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2.2% by mass of methyl acrylate (MA) to bring the dissolved oxygen to 0.5 ppm. 0.16 mol parts of n-octyl mercaptan was mixed with 100 mol parts of the monomer mixture. Further, as the first radical polymerization initiator (a), 5.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol of tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate is mixed with 1 mol of the monomer mixture, Prepared. The amount of n-octyl mercaptan in the raw material was 0.23% by mass, and the amount of tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate was 0.012% by mass.
- MMA purified methyl methacrylate
- MA methyl acrylate
- the raw material is continuously supplied at a flow rate of 25 kg / Hr to the reactor (A) [volume: 100 L, stirring blade: double helical ribbon] equipped with a cooling coil in the gas phase section, which is the first reactor 1.
- the polymerization was carried out by stirring and mixing in the reactor (A).
- the polymerization temperature in the reactor (A) was 135 ° C., and the half-life of the first radical polymerization initiator (a) at the polymerization temperature was 828 seconds.
- the retention amount of the reactant of the monomer mixture in the reaction zone was 45 kg, and the retention time at that time was 1.8 hr to obtain the first syrup.
- the jacket of the mixer 3 is heated to 150 ° C. by heating with a heat medium, and tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate is used as the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -1 at the inlet.
- the adjustment solution diluted with MMA so that the concentration of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -1 is 0.86 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol (0.002% by mass) Added.
- the half-life of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -1 at the wall surface temperature of the mixer 3 was 224 seconds.
- the temperature (x1) of the first syrup at the inlet of the mixer 3 is 136 ° C.
- the temperature (y1) of the syrup mixture at the outlet is 145 ° C.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T at the inlet and outlet of the mixer 3 at this time is 9 ° C.
- the residual ratio of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -1 at the outlet was 93%.
- Step (2) -1st Stage
- Reactor C-1 Step (2) Plug flow type reaction which is the second reactor 4 (manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd., tubular reactor with a built-in static mixer, trade name: static mixer). Polymerization was carried out with the residence time being 20 minutes.
- the jacket of the second reactor 4 was heated to 150 ° C. by heating medium, and the half-life at the wall surface temperature was 224 seconds.
- Step (2)-Second Stage Mixer B-2 Subsequently, in order to further increase the polymerization rate, as the second step (2), the temperature of the initiator mixing mixer 5 (B-2, the same specification as the initiator mixing mixer 3) is set to 180 ° C., Except that di-tert-butyl peroxide was added as a radical polymerization initiator (c) -2 at a flow rate of 1.35 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol (0.002 mass%). A syrup mixture was obtained in the same manner as in the first stage. At this time, the half-life of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -2 at the wall surface temperature of the mixer 5 was 102 seconds.
- the temperature (x2) of the syrup mixture at the inlet of the mixer 5 is 158 ° C.
- the temperature (y2) of the syrup mixture at the outlet is 167 ° C.
- the temperature difference ⁇ T at the inlet and outlet of the mixer 5 at this time is 9 ° C.
- the residual ratio of the second radical polymerization initiator (c) -2 at the outlet was 93.1%.
- Step (2)-Second Stage Reactor C-2 Step (2)-The syrup mixture obtained in the second stage is continuously supplied to the reactor (C) which is the third reactor 6 (same specifications as the C-2 and the second reactor 4), and the residence time is set to 20 minutes. Polymerization was performed.
- the jacket of the third reactor 6 was heated to 180 ° C. by heating with a heating medium, and the half life at this wall surface temperature was 102 seconds.
- Step (3) Subsequently, the second syrup obtained in the third reactor 6 is supplied to a devolatilizing extruder 7 (vent extruder type extruder) at 200 ° C., and volatile components mainly composed of unreacted monomers are separated at 270 ° C. Removal of methacrylic polymer was obtained.
- a devolatilizing extruder 7 vent extruder type extruder
- Tables 1 to 3 show the raw material composition and each process condition in this example.
- step (2) Without supplying the second radical polymerization initiators (C) -1 and 2 to the first syrup obtained from the step (1) in the step (2) -1 stage and the second stage.
- the volatile matter was separated and removed in step (3) after passing through step (2), and the polymer content ⁇ (1) in step (1) was determined to be 49% by mass.
- the supply of the second radical polymerization initiators (C) -1 and 2 is started and allowed to pass through the step (2) while reacting. Then, the volatile matter was separated and removed, and the polymer content ⁇ (2) in the step (2) was determined to be 69% by mass.
- the ratio (b) of methyl acrylate units in the obtained methacrylic polymer was 2% by mass.
- the number of moles (a) of the first radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture is within the range of the formula (1)
- the number of moles (c) of the second radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture is It confirmed that it existed in the range of Formula (2).
- the residual monomer amount was 0.18% by mass, and the residual dimer amount was 0.12% by mass.
- the obtained methacrylic polymer showed excellent thermal decomposition resistance.
- the production amount in this example was 383 kg / hr / m 3 , indicating high productivity. There was no problem in controlling the polymerization even in the continuous operation for 120 hours, and adhesion to the apparatus and generation of foreign matters were not observed even in the observation in the reaction tank after the operation was completed.
- Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the methacrylic polymer obtained in this example.
- Example 2 to 9 A methacrylic polymer having physical properties shown in Table 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3 and the conditions for each step were used. In Example 6, the step (2) was only one stage. In all of Examples 2 to 9, the number of moles (a) of the first radical polymerization initiator and the number of moles (c) of the second radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture are represented by the formulas (1) and (2). It was confirmed that it was within the range. In all of Examples 2 to 9, there was no problem in controlling the polymerization even in the continuous operation for 120 hours, and adhesion to the apparatus and generation of foreign matters were not observed even in observation in the reaction tank after the operation was completed.
- Comparative Examples 4 to 6 A methacrylic polymer having physical properties shown in Table 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material compositions and polymerization conditions shown in Tables 1 to 3 were used. In all of Comparative Examples 4 to 6, it was confirmed that the number of moles (a) of the first radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture exceeded the range of the formula (1). Under such conditions, an excellent production amount was obtained, but the heat-decomposability of the molded body was low as compared with the Examples.
- Examples 10 and 11 A methacrylic polymer having physical properties shown in Table 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3 and the conditions for each step were used.
- the number of moles (a) of the first radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture is within the range of the formula (1), and the number of moles of the second radical polymerization initiator. It was confirmed that (c) was within the range of the formula (2).
- Example 9 The same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the raw material compositions and the conditions for each step shown in Tables 1 to 3 were used. In the step (2) -1 stage, the half-life was 1962 seconds, which exceeded 1000 seconds. As a result, in the initiator mixing mixer 3, the polymerization gradually proceeded from the vicinity of the wall surface where the flow rate was slow, and finally the mixer 3 was blocked, and long-term operation was impossible.
- Example 12 to 15 The raw material composition and conditions of each process shown in Tables 1 to 3 were used.
- a methacrylic polymer having the physical properties shown in Table 4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except for these.
- the number of moles (a) of the first radical polymerization initiator relative to 1 mole of the monomer mixture is within the range of the formula (1)
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- MA methyl acrylate
- ii tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate
- ii di-tert-butyl peroxide
Abstract
Description
完全混合型反応器(A)(以下、「反応器(A)」という)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
プラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)(以下、「ミキサー(B)」という)及びプラグフロー型反応器(C)(以下、「反応器(C)」という)を有する反応装置(D)を使用して第二のシラップを得る工程であって、内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたミキサー(B)にて第一のシラップに第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加してシラップ混合物とした後に反応器(C)にて重合させて第二のシラップを得る。
反応器(A)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン、並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を、反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
ミキサー(B)及び反応器(C)を有する反応装置(D)を使用し、下記(2)-1、(2)-2及び(2)-3の各工程を含む工程により第二のシラップを得る。
第一のシラップに、下記条件(i)~(iii)を満たす第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加し、内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたミキサー(B)にて混合しシラップ混合物とする。
条件(i):ミキサー(B)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(ii):反応器(C)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(iii):第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の添加量が下記式(2)を満たしている。
(式(2)中、γはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
シラップ混合物を内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定された反応器(C)にて重合させ、重合混合物とする。
重合混合物中の重合体の含有率が50~90質量%である第二のシラップを得る。
第二のシラップを揮発物除去装置(E)に供給し、連続的に揮発物を分離除去する工程。
(式(3)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
ミキサー(B)出口におけるシラップに含まれる第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の残存率が95%以上である[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
反応器(A)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
ミキサー(B)及び反応器(C)を有する反応装置(D)を使用して第二のシラップを得る工程であって、内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたミキサー(B)にて第一のシラップに第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加してシラップ混合物とした後に反応器(C)にて重合させて第二のシラップを得る。
反応器(A)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2、及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン、並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を、反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
ミキサー(B)及び反応器(C)を有する反応装置(D)を使用し、下記(2)-1、(2)-2、及び(2)-3の各工程を含む工程により第二のシラップを得る。
第一のシラップに、下記条件(i)~(iii)を満たす第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加し、内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたミキサー(B)にて混合しシラップ混合物とする。
条件(i):ミキサー(B)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(ii):反応器(C)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(iii):第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の添加量が下記式(2)を満たしている。
(式(2)中、γは前記モノマー混合物1モルに対する第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
シラップ混合物を内壁温度が反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定された反応器(C)にて重合させ、重合混合物とする。
重合混合物の重合体含有率が50~90質量%である第二のシラップを得る。
第二のシラップを揮発物除去装置(E)に供給し、連続的に揮発物を分離除去する工程。
本発明では、反応器(A)を使用し、第一のシラップを得る。
式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数である。βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。
αが1.75×b×10-6+5.0×10-5以下の範囲であれば、ラジカル重合開始剤使用量の増加に伴う耐熱分解性の低下が非常に緩やかであるため、高い耐熱分解性を維持した状態で、第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)の使用量を増加できる。
本発明では、ミキサー(B)及び反応器(C)からなる反応装置(D)を使用し、第二のシラップを得る。すなわち、反応器(A)から抜き出した第一のシラップに、まず始めに第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加し、ミキサー(B)で混合し、次いでプラグフロー型反応器(C)で重合を進める。尚、反応装置(D)として、n組のミキサー(Bn)及び反応器(Cn)(nは1以上の整数)がミキサー(Bn)及び反応器(Cn)の順に配設されたものを使用することができる。この場合、各ミキサー(Bn)入口で第二のラジカル重合開始剤(cn)を添加することができる。第二のラジカル重合開始剤(cn)としては、各ラジカル重合開始剤(cn)は同一のものでも異なるものでもよい。また、各ラジカル重合開始剤(cn)の添加量も同一でも異なっていてもよい。
式(2)中、γはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)のモル数である。βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。
1)ミキサー(B)内におけるシラップの滞留時間が1~30秒である。
2)ミキサー(B)入口におけるシラップ温度(℃)(x)とした場合、ミキサー(B)出口におけるシラップ温度(℃)(y)が下記式(4)を満たす。
3)ミキサー(B)出口におけるシラップに含まれる第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の残存率が95%以上である。
残存率[%]=c2/c1 (6)
c1:工程(2)における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の添加濃度[モル/単量体1モル]
c2:ミキサー(B)出口のシラップに含まれる第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の残存濃度[モル/単量体1モル]
τ :ミキサー(B)の平均滞在時間[s]
kd :第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の分解速度定数(温度の関数)[1/s]。
本発明においては、工程(2)により得られた第二のシラップを、それに引き続く揮発分除去装置(E)に供給し、連続的に揮発分を分離除去する工程(3)によりメタクリル系重合体を得ることができる。
メタクリル系重合体の一部をアセトンに溶解した溶液をHP-6890型ガスクロマトグラフィー(商品名、アジレントテクノロジー社製)を使用して測定した。内部標準法で各成分の含有量を算出することで、残存モノマー量及び残存二量体量(質量%)を求めた。
メタクリル系重合体の一部をアセトンに溶解した後n-ヘキサンで再沈精製した。これを90~100℃にて一昼夜真空乾燥し、粉砕することで試料を得た。測定には示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(商品名:TG/DTA6300、セイコーインスツルメンツ(株)製)を使用した。試料10mgを封入した白金容器を窒素雰囲気下100℃で30分保持して予備乾燥した。その後、5℃/分の昇温速度で600℃まで昇温した際、熱分解により試料の質量が1%減少した時の温度(℃)を測定した。
JIS規格K7191-2、試験条件A法に準拠した荷重たわみ温度(℃)を測定した。
単位容積(m3)、単位時間(hr)当たりに得られる重合体の質量(kg)を生産量(kg/hr/m3)とした。
原料となるモノマー混合物を元に、脱揮押出機から得られたメタクリル系重合体、及び、分離除去された未反応モノマーの物質収支より、重合したメタクリル系重合体の含有率を算出した。
重合体、数mgをダブルショットパイロライザー(商品名:PY-2010D、フロンティアラボ製)を用い、分解温度500℃にて分解した。発生した分解ガスをFID検出器ガスクロマトグラフィーHP-6890(商品名、Agilent Technologies製)に取り付けた分離カラムとしてHP-WAX(商品名、0.32mm径、30m長、0.25μm膜厚)を用い、40℃で5分保持した後に200℃まで昇温(Rate:10℃/min)のカラム測定温度プログラム、キャリヤーガスHe(1.2ml/min、線速度40cm/sec)にて成分を分離した。予め作製したモデルポリマーを使用して得られた検量線からアルキルアクリレート単位の含有量を算出した。
図1に示す装置を用いて、以下の通り本発明を実施した。
精製されたメチルメタクリレート(MMA)97.8質量%及びメチルアクリレート(MA)2.2質量%を含有するモノマー混合物に窒素を導入して、溶存酸素を0.5ppmとした。モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.16モル部のn-オクチルメルカプタンを混合した。さらに、第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)としてモノマー混合物1モルに対し5.2×10-5モルのtert-ブチルパーオキシ-3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノエートを混合し、原料を調製した。なお、該原料中のn-オクチルメルカプタンの量は0.23質量%、tert-ブチルパーオキシ-3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノエートの量は0.012質量%であった。
続いてギヤポンプ2により、第一リアクター1から第一のシラップを連続的に25kg/Hrの流量で抜出し、開始剤混合ミキサー3(住友重機械工業(株)製、SMXスルザーミキサーを内装した配管、商品名:SMX型スルザーミキサー)であるプラグフロー型混合ミキサーB-1へ供給した。この時、前記ミキサー3の内径Dは、φ27.2mmであり、L/D=16のものを使用した。その際の前記ミキサー3におけるシラップの滞留時間は36秒であった。
工程(2)-1段目で得られたシラップ混合物を引き続き第二リアクター4(ノリタケカンパニー(株)製、スタティックミキサーを内装した管型反応器、商品名:スタティックミキサー)であるプラグフロー型反応器C-1へ供給し、滞留時間を20分として重合を行った。
引き続いて、更に重合率を高めるため、第二段目の工程(2)として、開始剤混合ミキサー5(B-2、前記開始剤混合ミキサー3と同仕様)の温度を180℃とし、第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)-2としてジ-tert-ブチルパーオキサイドを濃度が1.35×10-5モル(0.002質量%)となる流量で添加した以外は、工程(2)-1段目と同様にしてシラップ混合物を得た。この時、ミキサー5の壁面温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)-2の半減期は102秒であった。
工程(2)-2段目で得られたシラップ混合物を引き続き第三リアクター6(C-2、第二リアクター4と同仕様)である反応器(C)へ供給し、滞留時間を20分として重合を行った。
引き続き第三リアクター6で得られた第二のシラップを200℃で、脱揮押出機7(ベントエクストルーダ型押出機)に供給して、270℃で未反応モノマーを主成分とする揮発分を分離除去し、メタクリル系重合体を得た。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び各工程の条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル系重合体を得た。なお、実施例6においては工程(2)を一段のみとした。実施例2~9全てにおいて、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)及び第二のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(c)が式(1)及び式(2)の範囲内にあることを確認した。実施例2~9全てにおいて、120hrの連続運転においても重合の制御は問題なく、運転終了後の反応槽内観察においても装置への付着及び異物の生成等は認められなかった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び重合条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル酸系重合体を得た。比較例1~3全てにおいて、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)が前記式(1)の範囲を下回ることを確認した。このような条件では優れた耐熱分解性は得られるものの、実施例と比較して生産量が低かった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び重合条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル系重合体を得た。比較例4~6全てにおいて、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)が前記式(1)の範囲を上回ることを確認した。このような条件では優れた生産量は得られるものの、実施例と比較して成形体の耐熱分解性が低かった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び各工程の条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル系重合体を得た。実施例10、11何れにおいても、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)が前記式(1)の範囲内にあり、かつ第二のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(c)が前記式(2)の範囲にあることを確認した。実施例10、11何れにおいて、120hrの連続運転においても重合の制御は問題なく、運転終了後の反応槽内観察においても装置への付着及び異物の生成等は認められなかった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び各工程の条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル系重合体を得た。比較例7、8何れにおいても、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)が前記式(1)の範囲内にあるものの、第二のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(c)が前記式(2)の範囲を上回ることを確認した。このような条件では、重合率は増加し優れた生産量は得られるものの、実施例と比較して耐熱分解性が低かった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び各工程の条件を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして実施した。工程(2)-1段目における半減期は1000秒を上回る1962秒となった。結果として、開始剤混合ミキサー3において、流速の遅い壁面付近から徐々に重合が進行し、最終的にミキサー3が閉塞してしまい、長期運転が不可能であった。
表1~3に示す原料組成及び各工程の条件を用いた。また、開始剤混合ミキサー3及び5として内径φ21.4mmであり、有効長/直径比(L/D)=16のものを使用した。これら以外は実施例1と同様にして表4に示す物性のメタクリル系重合体を得た。実施例12~15何れにおいても、モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(a)が式(1)の範囲内にあり、かつ第二のラジカル重合開始剤のモル数(c)が式(2)の範囲にあることを確認した。実施例12~15何れにおいても、120hrの連続運転においても重合の制御は問題なく、運転終了後の反応槽内観察においても装置への付着及び異物の生成等は認められなかった。
2:ギヤポンプ
3:開始剤混合ミキサー(プラグフロー型混合ミキサー)
4:第二リアクター(プラグフロー型反応器)
5:開始剤混合ミキサー(プラグフロー型混合ミキサー)
6:第三リアクター(プラグフロー型反応器)
7:脱揮押出機
Claims (5)
- 下記の工程(1)及び(2)を含むメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
工程(1)
完全混合型反応器(A)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
(1)-1
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を完全混合型反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
5.0×10-5<α≦1.75×β×10-6+6.0×10-5 (1)
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
(1)-2
完全混合型反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
(1)-3
完全混合型反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
工程(2)
プラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)及びプラグフロー型反応器(C)を有する反応装置(D)を使用して第二のシラップを得る工程であって、内壁温度が完全混合型反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたプラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)にて第一のシラップに第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加してシラップ混合物とした後にプラグフロー型反応器(C)にて重合させて第二のシラップを得る。 - 下記の工程(1)~(3)を含むメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
工程(1)
完全混合型反応器(A)を使用し、下記(1)-1、(1)-2及び(1)-3の各工程を含む工程により第一のシラップを得る。
(1)-1
80~99.9質量%のメチルメタクリレート及び0.1~20質量%のアルキルアクリレートを含むモノマー混合物、モノマー混合物100モル部に対し0.01~1.0モル部のメルカプタン、並びに下記式(1)を満足する量の第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)を、完全混合型反応器(A)に連続的に供給する。
5.0×10-5<α≦1.75×β×10-6+6.0×10-5 (1)
(式(1)中、αはモノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
(1)-2
完全混合型反応器(A)内の温度110~160℃にて撹拌混合し、モノマー混合物の重合体の含有率が40~60質量%になるように重合させる。
(1)-3
完全混合型反応器(A)から連続的に第一のシラップを得る。
工程(2)
プラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)及びプラグフロー型反応器(C)を有する反応装置(D)を使用し、下記(2)-1、(2)-2及び(2)-3の各工程を含む工程により第二のシラップを得る。
(2)-1
第一のシラップに、下記条件(i)~(iii)を満たす第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)を添加し、内壁温度が完全混合型反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたプラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)にて混合しシラップ混合物とする。
条件(i):プラグフロー型混合ミキサー(B)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(ii):前記反応器(C)の内壁温度における第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の半減期が1000秒以下である。
条件(iii):第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の添加量が下記式(2)を満たしている。
1.0×10-6<γ≦0.25×β×10-6+5.0×10-5 (2)
(式(2)中、γは前記モノマー混合物1モルに対する第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。)
(2)-2
シラップ混合物を内壁温度が完全混合型反応器(A)内の温度以上230℃以下に設定されたプラグフロー型反応器(C)にて重合させ、重合混合物とする。
(2)-3
重合混合物中の重合体の含有率が50~90質量%である第二のシラップを得る。
工程(3)
第二のシラップを揮発物除去装置(E)に供給し、連続的に揮発物を分離除去する。 - 反応装置(D)として、n組のプラグフロー型混合ミキサー(Bn)及びプラグフロー型反応器(Cn)(nは1以上の整数)がプラグフロー型混合ミキサー(Bn)及びプラグフロー型反応器(Cn)の順に配設されたものであり、各ミキサー(Bn)入口で第二のラジカル重合開始剤(cn)(nは1以上の整数)を添加し、各反応器(Cn)で順次重合することにより第二のシラップを得る請求項1に記載のメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
- 工程(1)において供給する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)が下記式(3)を満足する量である請求項1に記載のメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
5.0×10-5<α≦1.75×β×10-6+5.0×10-5 (3)
(式(3)中、αは前記モノマー混合物1モルに対する第一のラジカル重合開始剤(a)のモル数であり、βは製造されるメタクリル系重合体中のアルキルアクリレート単位の割合(質量%)である。) - 工程(2)のミキサー(B)内におけるシラップの滞留時間が1~30秒であり、かつ前記ミキサー(B)入口におけるシラップ温度(℃)をx、前記ミキサー(B)出口におけるシラップ温度(℃)をyとした場合、下記式(4)を満たし、
前記ミキサー(B)出口におけるシラップに含まれる第二のラジカル重合開始剤(c)の残存率が95%以上である請求項1に記載のメタクリル系重合体の製造方法。
y<x+5 (4)
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WO2011125980A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-06 | 2011-10-13 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | メタクリル系重合体を製造する装置および製造方法 |
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US8981019B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
CN104011084A (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
SA112340141B1 (ar) | 2015-07-07 |
CN104011084B (zh) | 2016-03-02 |
KR20140107331A (ko) | 2014-09-04 |
US20140309383A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
JP6007896B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
JPWO2013099670A1 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
KR101915831B1 (ko) | 2018-11-06 |
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