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  • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
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  • C07K14/715—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for cytokines; for lymphokines; for interferons
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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to aqueous pharmaceutical compositions stabilized with combinations of sugars and polyols for long-term storage of etanercepi methods of manufacture of the compositions, methods of their administration, and kits containing the same.
• the invention includes etanercepi formulations that do not require arginine for stabilization.
• Polypeptides must often be stored prior to their use. When stored for extended periods, polypeptides are frequently unstable in solution (Manning et al., 1989, Pharm. Res. 6:903-9 8). To extend their shelf life, additional processing steps have been developed, such as drying, e.g., lyophilization. However, iyophilized pharmaceutical compositions are less convenient to use.
• Typical practices to improve polypeptide stability can be addressed by varying the concentration of elements with the formulation, or by adding excipients to modify the formulation (See, for example, U.S. Pat Nos. 5,580,858 and 8,171 ,586).
• the use of additives can still result in inactive polypeptides.
• the rehydration step can result in inactivation of the polypeptide by, for example, aggregation or denaturation (Hora et ai., 1992, Pharm. Res., 9:33-36; Liu ef ai., 1991 , Bioteehnol. Bioeng., 37:177-184).
• Another way to improve polypeptide stability is to use L-arginine at a specific concentration (U.S. Pat. No. 7,648,7.02) ' .
• etanercepi (Enbrel®, Irnmunex Corporation), which is a dimeric fusion polypeptide consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human lgG1.
• the Fc component of etanercept contains the constant heavy 2 (CH2) domain, the constant heavy 3 (CHS) domain and hinge region, but not the constant heavy 1 (CH1) domain of human lgG1.
• An Fc domain can contain one or all of the domains described above, Etanercept is usually produced by recombinant DNA technology in a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mammalian cell expression system.
• the present invention provides novel stable liquid formulations of etanercept that allow its long-term storage. Summary of the invention
• the present invention is a stable aqueous pharmaceutical composition
• etanercept in combination with stabilizers to reduce instability, aggregation misfo!ding and/or fragmentation of the etanercept during storage of the formulation; said stabilizer comprising a combination of a sugar and a polyol.
• the stabilized etanercept formulations of the present invention which are optionally and preferably free of arginine, elicit long term storage stabilit as characterized by at least one of: (1) SEC analysis at 3 or T2 or T 4 of: monomer content greater than about 90%; aggregates content of less than about 3 wt%; and fragment 3 content less than about 5 wt%: and (2) HIC analysis at M 3 or T 2l or T wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 1 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 3 wt.%; the amount of the composition represented by peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than 80 wt.%; and the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 20 wt.%,
• the formulations elicit long term storage stability as characterized by: an HIC analysis at fv1 ⁇ 2 or T 2 or T* wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than or equal to about 95 wt.%; and wherein, if peak 3 is present on the HIC chromatogram, the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 is less than or equal to about 3 wt.%.
• the stabilized etanercept formulation as summarized above optionally and preferably, contains no arginine, or are essentially free of arginine.
• the formulations of the invention have excellent stability as determined by SEC (Size Exclusion Chromatography) and HIC (Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography) analysis conducted after one, two or three months of storage at 5° C. These formulations are comparable to or better than a commercially available formulation of etanercept, in which arginine is a required component.
• the present invention is further directed to formulations of stabilized etanercept, as summarized above, which contain no arginine, or are essentially free of arginine, and wherein the composition, evaluated at 3 or T2 or T 4 , elicits long term storage stability that meets one or both of the foHowing criteria: (A) stability comparable to or better than commercially available etanercept marketed under the trademark Enhrei®, as measured by (i) SEC analysis of the amounts of aggregate(s), monomer and fragment 3 in the composition (as defined in the specification) and (ii) HIC analysis of amounts of material in the composition corresponding to peaks 1 , 2 and 3 of the HIC chromatogram (as defined in the specification); and (B) an HIC chromatogram in which (i) peak 3 is absent, or essentially absent and (ii) peak 2 represents greater than about 95 wt% of the composition; an SEC chromatogram containing essentially no peak corresponding to aggregate(s); and an SEC chromatogram
• the formulation of the invention comprises about 25 to about 75 mg of etanercept; about 1 to about 10 wt.% sucrose, trehalose or dextrose; up to about 10 wt.% mannitoi or sorbitol, about 1 m to about 30 mM sodium phosphate, said composition having pH about 6,0 to 6,6; and wherein the composition is characterized by SEC analysis at 3 or T 2 or T 4 in which; the monomer content is greater than about 80 wt.%; aggregates content is less than about 3 wt.%, and fragment 3 content less than about 10 wt.%. Formulations meeting these analytical requirements do not require arginine.
• the stabilized etanercept formulation is further characterized by (a) an SEC analysis at M 3 or T 2 or T 4 of greater than about 90 wt% monomer content; and less than about 3 wt%. aggregate(s) content; and (b) an HiC analysis at 3 or T 2 or T4 wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 1 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 4 wt%; the amount of the composition represented by peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than about 80 wt%; and the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 20 wt%.
• Formulations meeting these analytical requirements do not require arginine.
• the etanercept compositions of the invention further afford the ability to provide formulations which contain acceptable levels of subvisible particles. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to stabilized etanercept formulations having, at 3 or " F> or T 4i o more than, on average, about 10,000 subvisible particles per mL having a size greater than 5 pm.
• the stabilized etanercept composition of the present invention are further characterized by: (a) an SEC analysis at M 3 or T 2 or T 4 of greater than about 90 t% monomer content; and less than about 3 wt% aggregate(s) content; and (b) an HIC analysis at 3 or T 2 or T 4 wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 1 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 3 wt%; the amount of the composition represented by peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than 80 wt%; and the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 20 wt% and wherein the formulation is free or essentially free of arginine. Formulations meeting these analytical requirements do not require arginine.
• the stability of the formulations may be furthe characterized
• the compositions, optionally free or essentially of arginine exhibit an HIC analysis at M 3 or Ta or T 4 wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 1 of the HiC chromatogram is less than about 1 %; the amount of the composition represented b peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than about 95 wt%; and the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 3 wt%.
• Formulations meeting these analytical requirements do not require arginine.
• Preferred stabilized compositions of the invention exhibit an HiC analysis at lv1 ⁇ 2 or T 2 or T, 3 ⁇ 4 wherein the amount of the composition represented by peak 1 of the HIC chromatogram is less than about 2% or preferably less than about 1 %; the amount of the composition represented by peak 2 of the HIC chromatogram is greater than about 95 wt.% and preferably greater than about 97%; and the amount of the composition represented by peak 3 of the H!C chromatogram is less than about 1 wt%, and preferably 0 to 1%. Formulations meeting these analytical requirements do not require arginine.
• the term "instability” or like terms denotes the tendency of the etanercept monomer to undergo a variety of undesired transformations during storage. Such transformations include the formation of oligomers and high molecular weight aggregate(s) (hereinafter terms “aggregate(s) : ' in which multiple copies of the essentially intact etanercept monomer become irreversibly associated with one another through a variety of non-covalent attractions (e.g., electrostatic interactions.) Undesired transformations during storage may also include degradation of the etanercept monomer to smaller fragments and/or clipped species, ideally, a formulation of etanercept should minimize, to the greatest extent possible, the tendency of the formulation to result, during storage, in the formation of aggregates, misfo!ded protein, oligomers and/or fragments of etanercept.
• the etanercept formulation of the present invention which is optional!y and preferably free, or essentially free of arginine.
• the term "essentially free of arginine" is intended to mean that arginine, even if present, is not contributing to the stabilization of the etanercept monomer in the formuiation to such an extent that a person skilled in the art would judge its presence beneficial or necessary from a stabilization standpoint.
• etanercept or "etanercept monomer” or “monomer” is synonymous with Enbrel®. It refers to a polypeptide which is a dimeric fusion poiypeptide consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kiiodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human IgGl It consists of 934 amino acids and has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 150 kiioda!tons.
• p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor
• etanercept also encompasses etanercept with minor modifications in the amino acid structure (including deletions, additions, and/or substitutions of amino acids) which do not significantly affect the function, potency, or avidity of etanercept.
• etanercept encompasses all forms and formulations of Enbrel®, including but not limited to concentrated formulations, injectable ready-to-use formulations; formulations reconstituted with water, alcohol, and/or other ingredients, and others.
• sugar refers to monosaccharides, disachharides, and polysaccharides, Examples of sugars include, but are not limited to, sucrose, trehalose, dextrose, and others.
• glucose refers to a compound with chemical formula H 3 NHCH 2 (CHOH)4CH 2 0H, also known as 1-Deoxy-1-methylaminosorbitol; N ⁇ Methyl ⁇ d-giucamine; and 1-Deoxy-1-methylamino-D-glucitol,
• polyol refers to an alcohol containing multiple hydroxyl groups. Examples of poiyols include, but are not limited to, mannitol, sorbitol, and others.
• long-term storage is understood to mean that the pharmaceutical composition can be stored for three months or more, for six months or more, and preferably for one year or more. Long term storage is also understood to mean that the pharmaceutical composition is stored either as a liquid at 2-8° C, or is frozen, e.g., ai -20°C, or colder. It is also contemplated that the composition ca be frozen and thawed more than once.
• stable or “stabilized” with respect to long-term storage is understood to mean that etanercepi contained in the pharmaceutical compositions does not lose more than 20%, or more preferably 15%, or even more preferably 10%, and most preferably 5% of its activity relative to activity of the composition at the beginning of storage.
• mammal includes, but is not limited to, a human.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier refers to a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material, formulation auxiliary, or excipient of any conventional type.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed and is compatible with other ingredients of the formulation.
• composition refers to a mixture that usually contains a carrier, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient that is conventional in the art and which is suitable for administration into a subject for therapeutic, diagnostic, or prophyiactic purposes. It may include a cell culture in which the polypeptide or polynucleotide is present in the cells or in the culture medium.
• a carrier such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient that is conventional in the art and which is suitable for administration into a subject for therapeutic, diagnostic, or prophyiactic purposes. It may include a cell culture in which the polypeptide or polynucleotide is present in the cells or in the culture medium.
• compositions for oral administration can form solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, sustained release formulations, oral rinses or powders.
• treatment refers to any administration or application of remedies for disease in a mammal and includes inhibiting the disease, arresting its development, relieving the disease, for example, by causing regression, or restoring or repairing a lost, missing, or defective function; or stimulating an inefficient process.
• the term includes obtaining a desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic effect, covering any treatment of a pathological condition or disorder in a mammal.
• the effect may be prophylactic in terms of completel or partially preventing a disorder or symptom thereof and/or may be therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete cure for a disorder and/or adverse affect attributable to the disorder.
• the disorder includes (1) preventing the disorder from occurring or recurring in a subject who may be predisposed to the disorder but is not yet symptomatic, (2) inhibiting the disorder, such as arresting its development, (3) stopping or terminating the disorder or at least its associated symptoms, so that the host no longer suffers from the disorder or its symptoms, such as causing regression of the disorder or its symptoms, for example, by restoring or repairing a lost, missing or defective function, or stimulating an inefficient process, or (4) relieving, alleviating or ameliorating the disorder, or symptoms associated therewith, where ameliorating is used in a broad sense to refer to at least a reduction in the magnitude of a parameter, such as inflammation, pain and/or tumor size.
• a parameter such as inflammation, pain and/or tumor size.
• disease refers to any condition, infection, disorder or syndrome that requires medical intervention or for which medical intervention is desirable. Such medical intervention can include treatment, diagnosis and/or prevention.
• an effective amount of the polypeptide of the invention for administration to the living subject is an amount that prevents and/or treats an integrin avpS-mediated disease.
• the exact amount will depend on the purpose of the treatment, and will be ascertainable by one skilled in the art using known techniques. As is known in the art, adjustments for systemic versus localized delivery, age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, drug interaction and the severity of the condition may be necessary, and will be ascertainable with routine experimentation by those skilled in the art.
• Ti refers to a point in time at which an etanercept formulation has been stored for about one week at 40° C
• T 2 refers to a point in time at which an etanercept formulation has been stored for about two weeks at 40° C
• T4 refers to a point in time at which an etanercept formulation has been stored for about four weeks at 40° C.
• 'W refers, collectively, to three points in time, and in particular to an analytical result being observed for an etanercept formulation after duration of either about one, about two or about three months of storage at a storage temperature of 5° C.
• reference herein to an analysis being conducted at M3 should be understand to mean that such analysis is be done at the point in time at which etanercept formulation has been i storage for a duration selected from about one, about two, or about three months.
• an etanercept formulation e!icit a certain analytical value or measurement at M 3 is satisfied if the required value is observed at a point in time corresponding to at least one of the foliowing storage durations: at approximately one month, at approximately two months or at approximately three months of storage at 5° C.
• Peak 1 Peak 2
• Peak 3 Peak 3 when used herein in connection with discussion of HIC chromatography results refers to the same peaks 1 , 2 and 3 discussed in US Patent 7,294,481 ,
• etanercept When pharmaceutical compositions containing etanercept (Enbrei®), including aqueous and lyophilized formulations of etanercept are stored on a long term basis, the activity of etanercept can be lost or decreased due to instability of the etanercept monomer via aggregation and/or chemical degradation including formation of fragments.
• the present invention provides several embodiments of aqueous formulations of etanercept that allow stable long-term storage of etanercept, so that etanercept is stable over the course of storage either in liquid or frozen states.
• the provided formulations include, but are not limited to formulations that do not contain argsnine and do not require any extra steps such as rehydrating.
• compositions of the present invention comprise etanercept (Enbrei®).
• etanercept is a dimeric fusion polypeptide consisting of the extracellular ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc portion of human IgGL Etanercept consists of 934 amino acids.
• the Fc component of etanercept contains the constant heavy 2 (CH2) domain, the constant heavy 3 (CHS) domain and hinge region of human IgGl
• An Fc domain can contain one or all of the domains described above.
• Etanercept suitable for storage in the present pharmaceutical composition can be produced by living host celis that express etanercept, such as hybridornas in the case of antibodies, or host cells that that have been genetically engineered to produce the polypeptide in the case of fusion polypeptides or antibodies.
• Methods of genetically engineering ceils to produce polypeptides are well known in the art. See, e.g., Ausubel et al., eds. (1990), Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (Wiley, New York). Such methods include introducing nucleic acids that encode and allow expression of the polypeptide into living host ceils.
• These host cells can be bacterial cells, fungal cells, or, preferably, animal cells grown in culture.
• Bacterial host ceils include, but are not limited to, Escherichia coli cells.
• suitable E. coli strains include: HB101 , DHS.alpha, GM2929, JM 09, KW251 , NM538, M539, and any E. coli strain that fails to cleave foreign DMA.
• Fungal host cells that can be used include, but are not limited to, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and Aspergillus cells,
• a few examples of animal ceil lines that can be used are CHO, VERO, BHK, HeLa, Cos, MDCK, 293, 3T3, and W138. New animal cell lines can be established using methods well know by those skilled in the art (e.g., by transformation, viral infection, and/or selection).
• etanercept can be secreted by the host cells into the medium.
• etanercept Purification of the expressed etanercept can be performed by any standard method. When etanercept is produced intracellulariy, the particulate debris is removed, for example, by centrifugation or ultrafiltration. When etanercept is secreted into the medium, supernatants from such expression systems can be first concentrated using standard polypeptide concentration filters. Protease inhibitors ca also be added to inhibit proteolysis and antibiotics can be included to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
• Etanercept can be purified using, for example, hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel electrophoresis, dialysis, and affinity chromatography, and any combination of known or yet to be discovered purification techniques, including but not limited to Protein A chromatography, fractionation on an ion-exchange column, ethanol precipitation, reverse phase HPLC, chromatography on silica, chromatography on heparin SEPHAROSET ⁇ , an anion or cation exchange resin chromatography (such as a poiyaspartic acid column), chromatofocusing, SDS- PAGE, and ammonium sulfate precipitation, Etanercept Stabilized with a Combination of a Sugar and a Poiyoi
• the invention provides a stable aqueous formulation comprising etanercept, a sugar and a polyol.
• a combination of a sugar and a polyol reduces etanercept's tendency to associate in undesired ternary or quaternary complexes, and therefore, reduces aggregation of etanercept.
• sugars and polyois act as conformational stabilizers to reduce etanercept's tendency to aggregate, They are able to stabilize aqueous pharmaceutical compositions containing etanercept because they are excluded from the surface of the protein, resulting in net conformation stabilization.
• the reduction in aggregation is believed to last for a long period of time, e.g., two years or more.
• a combination of a sugar and a polyol is believed to be able to stabilize aqueous pharmaceutical compositions containing etanercept.
• the combination of a sugar and a polyol is believed to be synergistic for the purposes of stabilizing etanercept because even though excluded solutes are, on average, residing in the bulk, rather than on the surface of the protein, the fact is that there will be interactions between sugars and polyois and of each excipient with the protein. Those interactions will likely differ between sugars and smaller polyois.
• the two additives will alter the thermodynamic activity of the other, thereby leading to solution behavior that will be different than what would be observed for each Individual component.
• compositions of the invention may be prepared by combining a purified etanercept, a sugar, and a polyol. Further, a buffer, a tonicity modifier and an additional excipient and other commonly used inactive ingredients can be added as needed. For simplicity, these are discussed more fully later in the specification. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the combining of the various components to be included in the composition can be done in any appropriate order. For example, the buffer can be added first, middle or last, and the tonicity modifier can also be added first, middle or last. A person of ordinary skill in the art will also understand that some of these chemicals can be incompatible in certain combinations, and accordingly, are easily substituted with different chemicals that have similar properties but are compatible in the relevant mixture.
• a sugar and a polyol may act in concert, in the same way two meta!s form an alloy with properties not exhibited by either metal. It should be understood that the same approach would lead one to use amino acids, such as proline, serine, or glutamate along with a sugar to achieve a stability profile better than either excipient could provide on its own.
• a preferred ratio of a sugar to a polyol (or amino acid) in the alloy is believed to be between 5:1 to 1 :5.
• the most preferred sugars are believed to be sucrose, trehalose, lactose, raffinose, and maltose.
• the most preferred poiyols are believed to be sorbitol, mannitoi, glycerol, and propylene glycol.
• the preferred amino acids are believed to be proline, serine, threonine, and glutamate.
• the concentration of a sugar in the provided formulations is preferably between about 0.1% (w/v) to 40%, more preferably about 1 % to about 20%, more preferably about 2% to about 10%, and yet more preferably about 5% to 9%.
• the concentration of a polyol in the provided formulations is preferably between about 0.1 % to 30%, more preferably about 1% to about 10%, and yet more preferably about 2% to about 5 %.
• a formulation of the invention comprises abou 25 to about 75 mg/ml of etanercept; about 1 % to about 10% sucrose; about 1 % to about 5% mannitoi; about 10 mM to about 50 mM sodium phosphate; and about 0 mlVI to about 100 mM NaCI, at about pH 6.3 to about pH 7.0.
• sucrose can be replaced with another sugar such as trehalose (at about 1 % to about 0%) in the formulation.
• mannitoi can be replaced with another polyol such as sorbitol (at about 1 % to about 5%) in the formulation.
• the etanercept formulations comprising sugar and polyol (or amino acid) for stabilization are preferably free or essentially free of arginine.
• the formulations of the invention may also include buffers, tonicity modifiers, excipients, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and othe commonly used inactive ingredients of the pharmaceutical compositions. For simplicity, these are discussed more fully later in the application.
• Buffers maintain pH in a desired range.
• Suitable buffers include histidine, potassium phosphate, sodium or potassium citrate, ma!eic acid, ammonium acetate, tris-(hydroxymelbyl)-amsnomethane (tris), various forms of acetate and diethanolamine.
• concentration of the buffer in the formulation is preferably between about 1 mM to about 1 M, and more preferably about 10 mM to about 200 m . Buffers are well known in the art and are manufactured by known methods and available from commercial suppliers.
• buffers examples include phosphate, histidine, citrate, ma!eate, tartrate, succinate, acetate, tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (tris), bicarbonate.
• the buffer is sodium phosphate.
• the pH of the pharmaceutical composition is at or near physiological levels.
• the pH of the provided compositions is between about 5.8 and about 8,4; and even more preferably, between about 6.2 and about 7.4.
• the pH can be adjusted as necessary to maximize stability and solubility of etanercept in a particular formulation.
• etanercept formulations at a pH outside of physiological ranges, yet tolerable to the patient, are also within the scope of the invention.
• a tonicity modifier is a molecule that contributes to the osmolalit of a solution.
• the osmolality of a pharmaceutical composition is preferably adjusted to maximize the active ingredient's stability and/or to minimize discomfort to the patient upon administration. It is generally preferred that a pharmaceutical composition be isotonic with serum, i.e., having the same or similar osmolality, which is achieved by addition of a tonicity modifier.
• the osmolality of the provided formulations is from about 80 to about 420 mOs .
• the osmolality can be either higher or lower as specific conditions require.
• tonicity modifiers suitable for modifying osmolality include, but are not limited to amino acids (not including arginine) (e.g., cysteine, histid ' ine and glycine) and salts (e.g., sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium citrate).
• Preferred tonicity modifiers are glycine, alanine, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium sulfate.
• the concentration of the tonicity modifier in the formulation is preferably between about 1 m. to about 1 M, more preferably about 10 mM to about 200 mM.
• Tonicity modifiers are well known in the art and are manufactured by known methods and available from commercial suppliers.
• Excipients also referred to as chemical additives, co-solutes, or co-solvents, that stabilize the polypeptide while in solution (also in dried or frozen forms) can also be added to a pharmaceutical composition.
• Excipients are well known In the art and are manufactured by known methods and available from commercial suppliers.
• excipients include but are not limited to sugars/polyo!s such as: sucrose, lactose, glycerol, xy!itol, sorbitol, mannitol, maltose, inositol, trehalose, glucose; polymers such as: serum albumin (bovine serum albumin (BSA), human SA or recombinant HA), dextran, poly(vlny alcohol) PVA, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyethyleneimine, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethylcelluiose (HEC); non-aqueous solvents such as: polyhydric alcohols, (e.g., PEG, and glycerol) and dimethylformamide (D F); amino acids such as: proline, L-serine, sodium glutamic acid, alanine, glycine, lysine hydrochloride, sarcos,
• Preferred excipients are sucrose, lactose, glycerol, xy!itoi, sorbitol, mannitol, maltose, inositol, trehalose, glucose, bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), recombinant albumin, dextran, PVA, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyethyleneimine, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxyethylcelluiose (HEC), polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, alanine, glycine, lysine hydrochloride, sarcosine, SDS, poiysorbate 20, poiysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, trimethylamine N-oxide, beiaine, zinc ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, CHAPS, sucrose monoiaurate, and 2-O-beta-mannogiycerate.
• concentration of one or more excipients in a formulation of the invention is/are preferably between about 0.001 to 5 weight percent, more preferably about 0.1 to 2 weight percent.
• the invention provides a method of treating a mamma! comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention to a mammal, wherein the mammal has a disease or disorder that can be beneficially treated with etanercept.
• the etanercept is derived from the same species of mammal as is to be treated with the composition.
• the mammal is a human.
• Diseases or disorders that can be treated with the provided compositions include but are not limited to rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Wegener's disease (granulomatosis), Crohn's disease (or inflammatory bowel disease), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Hepatitis C, endometriosis, asthma, cachexia, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.
• Additional diseases or disorders that can be treated with the compositions of the present invention include those described in WO 00/82790, WO 01/62272, U.S. Patent Application No, 2001/0021380, and US Pat. 7,648,702 B2, the relevant portions of which are incorporated herein by reference.
• the provided pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to a subject in need of treatment by injection systemica!ly, such as by intravenous injection; or by injection or application to the relevant site, such as by direct injection, or direct application to the site when the site is exposed in surgery; or by topical application.
• the invention provides a method of treatment and/or prevention of rheumatoid arthritis comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof a therapeuiically effective amount of one of the provided etanercepi compositions.
• the therapeutically effective amount of the etanercept in the provided compositions will depend on the condition to be treated, the severity of the condition, prior therapy, and the patient's clinical history and response to the therapeutic agent.
• the proper dose can be adjusted according to the judgment of the attending physician such that it can be administered to the patient one time or over a series of administrations.
• the effective etanercept amount per adult dose is from about 1-500 mg/m 2 , or from about 1-200 mg/m 2 , or from about 1-40 mg/m 2 or about 5-25 mg/m 2 .
• a flat dose may be administered, whose amount may range from 2-500 mg/dose, 2-100 mg/dose or from about 10-80 mg/dose.
• an exemplary dose range is the same as the foregoing described dose ranges or lower and preferabiy administered two or more times per week at a per dose range of 25- 00 mg/dose.
• an acceptable dose for administration by injection contains 80-100 mg/dose, or alternatively, containing 80 mg per dose.
• the dose can be administered weekly, biweekly, or separated by several weeks (for example 2 to 8).
• etanercept is administered at 25 to 75 mg/m! by a single subcutaneous (SC) injection.
• SC single subcutaneous
• an improvement in a patient's condition will be obtained by administering a dose of up to about 100 mg of the pharmaceutical composition one to three times per week over a period of at least three weeks. Treatment for longer periods may be necessary to induce the desired degree of improvement.
• the regimen ma be continued indefinitely.
• a suitable regimen may involve administering a dose of 0.4 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg of etanercept, one or more times per week.
• the pharmaceutical formulations of the invention may be prepared in a bulk formulation, and as such, the components of the pharmaceutical composition are adjusted to be higher than would be required for administration and diluted appropriately prior to administration.
• the pharmaceutical compositions can be administered as a sole therapeutic or in combination with additional therapies as needed.
• the provided methods of treatment and/or prevention are used in combination with administering a therapeutically effective amount of another active agent.
• the other active agent may be administered before, during, or after administering the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention.
• Another active agent may be administered either as a part of the provided compositions, or alternatively, as a separate formulation.
• Administration of the provided pharmaceutical compositions can be achieved in various ways, including parenteral, peroral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal, intraperitoneal, intradermal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intra-arterial, intracardiac, intraventricular, intracranial, intratracheal, intrathecal administration, intramuscular injection, intravitreal injection, and topical application.
• compositions of this invention are particularly useful for parenteral administration, i.e., subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intraperitoneal, intracerebrospinal, intra-arttcuiar, intrasynovial, intravitrea!, and/or intrathecal.
• Parenteral administration can be by bolus injection or continuous infusion.
• Pharmaceutical compositions for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampouies or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
• compositions of the present invention are suitable for administration using these new methods, e.g., Inject-ease®, Genject®, injector pens such as GenPen®, and needleless devices such as MediJector® and BioJector®.
• the present pharmaceutical composition can also be adapted for yet to be discovered administration methods. See also Langer, 1990, Science, 249:1527-1533.
• the provided pharmaceutical compositions can also be formulated as a depot preparation.
• Such Song acting formulations may be administered by impiantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
• the formu!ations may be modified with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materiais (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
• compositions may, if desired, be presented in a vial, pack or dispenser device which may contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the active ingredient.
• the dispenser device can comprise a syringe having a single dose of the liquid formulation ready for injection.
• the syringe can be accompanied by instructions for administration.
• the present invention is directed to a kit or container, which contains an aqueous pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
• concentration of the polypeptide in the aqueous pharmaceutical composition can vary over a wide range, but is generally within the range of from about 0.05 to about 20,000 micrograms per milliliter (pg/ml) of aqueous formulation.
• the kit can also be accompanied by instructions for use.
• Etanercept formulations stabilized with a sugar and a polyoil, preferably without arginine, may be prepared and tested using the procedures generally described below.
• Each solid formulation component is weighed to the amount required for a given volume of formulation buffer. These components are combined into a beaker or vessel capable of carrying and measuring the given volume of formulation buffer. A volume of deionized water equal to approximately 3 ⁇ 4 of the target given formulation buffer is added to the beaker, and the components are then so!ubiized. The pH of the buffer is adjusted to the target formulation pH using 1 M sodium hydroxide .and/or 1 M hydrogen chloride. The final formulation buffer volume is then raised to the target volume through the addition of deionized water.
• Etanercept protein solution is placed in dialysis material housing (such as Thermo Scientific Slide-A-Lyzer MINI Dia!ysis Unit 10,000 MWCO), which is then placed in contact with the desired formulation buffer for 12 hours at 4°C.
• Formulation buffer voiume to protein solution volume ratio should be no less than 1000:1.
• the dialysis housing and protein solution it contains is then placed in a second, equal volume of formulation buffer for an additional 12 hours at 4°C.
• Resulting protein solution is removed from the dialysis material housing, and the concentration of protein determined using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Protein concentration is adjusted to the desired level using cenfrifugation (such as Amicon Ultra 10,000 MWCO Centrifugal Concentrators) and/or dilution with formulation buffer.
• compositions can be tested for long-term stability by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), denatured SEC (dSEC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), sodium dodecylsulfafe polyacryiamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and for binding and bioactivity at various timepoints.
• SEC size exclusion chromatography
• dSEC denatured SEC
• HIC hydrophobic interaction chromatography
• SDS-PAGE sodium dodecylsulfafe polyacryiamide gel electrophoresis
• bioactivity can be measured by any number of well-known assays.
• compositions exemplified below do not contain arginine.
• Etanercept compositions stabilized with a combination of sucrose and sorbitol may be prepared and tested using the procedures simiiar to those described in Example 1A.
• the formulation exemplified below does not contain arginine.
• composition can be tested for long-term stability, and the bioactivity measured in the same fashion as discussed in Example 1A.
• composition will be stable over the term of two years more.
• Etanercept STEP 1 Cell Expansion.
• cell expansion necessary to generate a sufficient number of cells for inoculation of a production bioreactor is performed using a clone of CHO cells expressing the etanercept fusion protein.
• the product of this expression process results in a mixture of correctly folded etanercept, as well as incorrectiy folded and/or aggregated etanercept, along with additional impurities.
• the harvested cell culture fluid comprising such protein mixture is subjected to detergent viral inactivation.
• Affinity Chromatography is performed on the harvested cell culture obtain in Step 1 above using a conventional Protein A affinity column in a weii known manner. Product recovery is approximately 85%.
• the product obtained is a complex protein mixture comprising correctly folded etanercept, incorrectly folded etanercept, and/or aggregates of correcti and/or incorrectly folded etanercept, or protein fragments.
• the product obtained from this Protein A affinity column purification step is adjusted to pH 3.5 and then subjected to a viral inactivation step. Following viral inactivation the product is adjusted to pH 5.5 and then further clarified in a known manner using a commercially obtained capsule filter.
• STEP 3A Mixed-Mode Cation Exchange Chromatography.
• a 31.8 L (45 cm diameter X 20 cm bed height) packed bed GE Healthcare Capio fvlMG chromatography column is used to purify the product obtained in Step 2 above. Prior to use, the column is equilibrated with 2 CV of 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 and sanitized with 2 CV of 0.1 N NaOH, 1 M NaCI and neutralized with 2 CV of 25 mM acetate, 0.7 M NaCI, pH 5.5. The column is then equilibrated with 8-10 CV of 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 until the effluent is pH 5.5 and 3.5 mS/cm.
• the Protein A pooi from step 2 above is diluted to ⁇ 6 mS/cm with WFI and applied to a column loading of up to 15 g/L media for each cycle.
• the column is operated at a linear velocity of 200 cm/h to give a 6 minute residence time.
• the column is washed with 2 CV of 25 mM acetate pH 5.5.
• the product is then eluted with an 8.5 CV, 15% to 85% gradient of 25 mM acetate pH 5.5 to 25 mM acetate, 0.7 M NaCI, pH 5.5.
• Product collection begins at 0.15 OD (A280, 1.0 cm path length) and collectio ends at 50% of peak maximum.
• the eluate volume is approximately 5 CV.
• STEP 3B Mixed Mode Anion Exchange Chromatopgraphy.
• a 27.0 L (45 cm diameter X 17 cm bed height) packed bed GE Healthcare Capto Adhere chromatography column is used to further purify the product obtained in step 3A above.
• the column Prior to use, the column is equilibrated with 2 CV of 25 mM Tris, pH 8.0 and sanitized with 2 CV of 0.1 N NaGH, 1M NaC! and neutralized and equilibrated with 2 CV of 25 mM Tris, pH 8,0.
• the coiumn is equilibrated with 3 CV of 10 mM Tris, pH 8.0.
• the Capto M ' MC pool from Step 3A above is adjusted to pH 8.1 with -0.045 kg of 1 M Tris, pH 8.3 per kg of pool.
• the product from Step 3A above was diluted in-line 1 :3.8 with WFi to adjust the conductivity to 12.0 mS/cm and pH 8.0.
• the resulting material is then applied to a column loading of up to 15 g/L media.
• the coiumn is operated at a linear velocity of 170 cm/h to give a 6 minute residence time. After loading, the column is washed with 2 CV of 25 mM Tris, pH 8.0.
• the product is then e!uted with a 10 CV gradient (20% to 90%) of 25 mM Tris, pH 8.0 to 10 mM Tris, 1 M NaCI, pH 8.0.
• Product collection is started at 0.15 OD (A280, 1 ,0 cm path length) and collection ended at 25% of peak maximum.
• the eluate volume is 4-6 GV.
• the eluted product is filtered using a commercially available capsule filter and then subjected in a known manner to viral filtration and tangential flow filtration steps. Overall product recovery from stepSB (including the final viral and tangential flow filtration steps) was approximately 68%. Product recovery measured before the filtration steps was about 75%.
• a schematic representation of HIC data obtained on eluation fractions from this step are representing in Figure 12.
• the final filtered product obtained in this example is found to have greater than about 90 wt % correctly folded etanercept as determined by HIC; less than 5 wt% incorrectly folded etanercept species as determined by HIC; less than about 3 wt% of clipped material by HIC analysis (believed to be fragments of etanercept in which the TNFR portion thereof has been truncated) and a combined amount of correctly and incorrectly folded etanercept of greater than 95 wt% as determined by size exclusion chromatography.
• samples of the etanercept formulations exemplified above were sterile filtered in a bio safety cabinet. Using sterilized pipettes and autoclaved pipette tips, samples of the etanercept formulations were transferred to pre-labeied and autoclaved 1 mi lyophi!ization vials. Vials were stoppered with steriie butyl stoppers and crimped with aluminum caps. All vials were then transferred to thermal stability ovens. Samples were subject to two thermal stability regimes: (1) two weeks at 40 °C and (2) four weeks at 25 °C. Throughout this specification, these two temperature regimes are denoted "T 2 " and T ! " respectively.
• Etanercept formulations disclosed herein were analyzed using the well known technique of Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), a high-performance liquid chromatography method in which analytes are separated by size (see Rogner, M. (2000). Size Exclusion Chromatography. Protein Liquid Chromatography. . Kastner. Amsterdam, Elsevier. 61 : 89-145.). in order to evaluate thermal stability of the Etanercept samples decribed above, the samples were examined by a SEC method based on the literature (van aarschalkerweerd, A., G. J. Woibink, et al. (201 1).
• the mobile phase buffer was prepared to contain 50 mM sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate and 150 mM arginine. The pH was adjusted to 6,5 using 1 HCl. Ail separations were performed using a Tosoh TSK-Gei SWxl 6 mm x 4 cm guard column (cat. no. 8543) attached linearly to a Tosoh TSK-Gel G4000 SWxl 7.8 mm x 30 cm (cat. no. 8542).
• the columns were brought to room temperature (23°C) and equilibrated with mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. 5 microliters of 50 mg/mL etanercept formulation were injected onto the column using an autosampler. The separation was accomplished over 30 minutes at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/minute. Column eluent was monitored at a wavelength of 280 nm during this time.
• Ail integration was performed using Chrome!eon software (Dionex), Prior to integration, the SEC chromatogram for a buffer containing no etanercept was subtracted from al! chromatograms. All integration was performed between retention times of 12 minutes and 28 minutes. Several parameters were used to define a peak, The minimum area for a detected peak was set to 0.05 mAu * min. The two- dimensional sensitivity for peak defection was set to 0.01 mAu and 75 seconds. Peak shoulders were added manually using a manual integration tool. AH detected peaks were manually adjusted in two steps. First, peak baselines (the bottom boundary of the peak) were adjusted to horizontal. Secondly, the vertical positions of the peak baselines were adjusted to that of the chromatogram baseline. The cbromatogram baseline value was defined as the signal in absence of analyte. The signal in absence of analyte was defined as the absorbance in mAu at 12 minutes retention time.
• T 2 formuiation stored for two weeks at 40 C
• HiC chromatography may be carried out in a manner known in the art and generally described in U.S. Patent 7,294,481 , incorporated herein by reference. Samples are evaluated at to (within 24 hours of preparation at 5°C.) and again after either two weeks of storage at 25°C. (t 2 ) or after 4 weeks of storage at 25°C.
• Peak 1 in the HIC chromatogram is believed to be or include "Fragment 3", which is identified and quantified using SEC, as referenced above in the discussion of SEC data; Peak 2 is etanercept monomer as referenced above in the discussion of SEC data; and Peak 3 includes "Aggregate(s)” as referenced above in the discussion of SEC data.
• Peak 1 peak 1
• peak 2 peak 2
• peak 3 includes "Aggregate(s)” as referenced above in the discussion of SEC data.

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-18 KR KR1020147013306A patent/KR20140079491A/ko not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2012-10-18 KR KR1020207000845A patent/KR102163150B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-10-18 WO PCT/US2012/060738 patent/WO2013059405A1/en not_active Ceased
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  • 2012-10-18 CA CA2851628A patent/CA2851628A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2012-10-18 AU AU2012326170A patent/AU2012326170B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 EP EP12841765.6A patent/EP2768533A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2012-10-18 CN CN201280062748.3A patent/CN104010657A/zh active Pending
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  • 2012-10-18 BR BR112014009031A patent/BR112014009031A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 2012-10-18 CA CA2851635A patent/CA2851635A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-10-18 CA CA2851642A patent/CA2851642A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2012-10-18 CN CN201280062418.4A patent/CN103998060B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-10-18 AR ARP120103887A patent/AR088381A1/es unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 WO PCT/US2012/060739 patent/WO2013059406A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 AU AU2012326080A patent/AU2012326080B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 AR ARP120103888A patent/AR088382A1/es unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 HR HRP20191215TT patent/HRP20191215T1/hr unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 EP EP12842226.8A patent/EP2768854A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-18 AU AU2012326084A patent/AU2012326084B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 SG SG11201401517VA patent/SG11201401517VA/en unknown
  • 2012-10-18 EP EP12841522.1A patent/EP2768532A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-18 KR KR1020147013304A patent/KR20140091706A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-18 JP JP2014537222A patent/JP6113176B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2012-10-18 EA EA201490803A patent/EA027325B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-10-18 EP EP12841505.6A patent/EP2768531A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-18 WO PCT/US2012/060745 patent/WO2013059410A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 WO PCT/US2012/060741 patent/WO2013059407A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-10-18 AR ARP120103885A patent/AR088379A1/es unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 SG SG11201401563SA patent/SG11201401563SA/en unknown
  • 2012-10-18 AR ARP120103889A patent/AR088383A1/es unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 US US13/654,919 patent/US9393305B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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  • 2012-10-18 EP EP12842312.6A patent/EP2768535A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2012-10-18 AR ARP120103886A patent/AR088380A1/es unknown
  • 2012-10-18 EA EA201490804A patent/EA201490804A1/ru unknown
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  • 2012-10-18 KR KR1020147013305A patent/KR20140091707A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-18 SM SM20190422T patent/SMT201900422T1/it unknown
  • 2012-10-18 ES ES12842352T patent/ES2734070T3/es active Active
  • 2012-10-18 WO PCT/US2012/060748 patent/WO2013059412A1/en not_active Ceased
• 2014
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231826A patent/IL231826A0/en unknown
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231825A patent/IL231825A0/en unknown
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231824A patent/IL231824A0/en unknown
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231828A patent/IL231828A0/en unknown
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231827A patent/IL231827A0/en unknown
  • 2014-03-31 IL IL231829A patent/IL231829A0/en unknown
  • 2014-04-16 MX MX2019009176A patent/MX2019009176A/es unknown
• 2016
  • 2016-03-23 US US15/078,755 patent/US9943601B2/en active Active
  • 2016-07-13 US US15/209,484 patent/US9770510B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-09-26 US US15/716,005 patent/US10213508B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2017-10-31 US US15/799,798 patent/US11135267B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2018
  • 2018-03-09 US US15/917,333 patent/US10376588B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2019
  • 2019-02-25 US US16/284,265 patent/US10772963B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-03-21 US US16/360,196 patent/US11129876B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-06-14 US US16/441,092 patent/US10980884B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-06-14 US US16/441,103 patent/US10888619B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-06-14 US US16/441,088 patent/US20190290765A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-06-14 US US16/441,095 patent/US10980885B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-06-14 US US16/441,110 patent/US10987405B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2019-06-25 US US16/451,732 patent/US20190328875A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-06-26 US US16/453,154 patent/US20190314499A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-06-26 US US16/453,041 patent/US20190314498A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-06-27 US US16/454,817 patent/US20190314500A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2019-07-03 CY CY20191100709T patent/CY1121843T1/el unknown
• 2020
  • 2020-09-14 US US17/019,722 patent/US20200405865A1/en not_active Abandoned

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