WO2013051388A1 - 油脂組成物及び当該油脂組成物を用いたベーカリー食品、並びに当該ベーカリー食品を用いた複合食品 - Google Patents
油脂組成物及び当該油脂組成物を用いたベーカリー食品、並びに当該ベーカリー食品を用いた複合食品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013051388A1 WO2013051388A1 PCT/JP2012/073878 JP2012073878W WO2013051388A1 WO 2013051388 A1 WO2013051388 A1 WO 2013051388A1 JP 2012073878 W JP2012073878 W JP 2012073878W WO 2013051388 A1 WO2013051388 A1 WO 2013051388A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- fat
- mass
- fat composition
- food
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/16—Fatty acid esters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
- A23D9/04—Working-up
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/305—Products for covering, coating, finishing, decorating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/30—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
- A23G1/32—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G1/36—Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fats used
- A23G1/38—Cocoa butter substitutes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oil and fat composition for bakery foods that can suppress whitening of bakery food parts that occur over time and bloom of oily food parts in a composite food that combines bakery foods and oily foods. is there.
- the present invention relates to a composite food in which whitening of a bakery food part and blooming of an oily food part that occur over time are suppressed in a composite food combining a bakery food and an oily food.
- Bakery foods such as biscuits and cookies are used not only for bakery foods themselves but also for complex foods combined with oily foods such as chocolate.
- the composite food is produced, for example, by combining a pre-baked bakery food with a pre-prepared oil-based food, or baking a pre-prepared oil-based food dispersed or wrapped in a bakery food dough. be able to.
- the fats and oils contained in bakery foods and oily foods “transfer” between bakery foods and oily foods during distribution and storage (this phenomenon is called “migration Is also known to occur). In this phenomenon, the fats and oils contained in the bakery food are transferred into the oily food, and the fats and oils contained in the oily food are transferred into the bakery food.
- the bakery food part of the complex foods may cause “whitening” that the surface is wiped with white powder, and the oily properties of the complex foods Food parts can cause bloom.
- the composite food loses its commercial value.
- Patent Document 1 As a means to suppress whitening of the bakery food part of the composite food accompanying the transfer of fats and oils contained in the bakery food and oily food of the composite food, and to suppress the bloom of the oily food part of the composite food,
- Patent Document 2 The use of fats and oils having a specific SFC (Patent Document 1) and the use of specific triglycerides (Patent Document 2) have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both use partially hydrogenated oils containing a large amount of trans fatty acids.
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 that use partially hydrogenated oil containing a large amount of trans fatty acid have not matched the times.
- JP 2004-16096 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-37705
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oil and fat composition for a bakery food that can suppress whitening of a bakery food portion that occurs over time and bloom of an oily food portion in a composite food that combines a bakery food and an oily food. Is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite food in which bakery food and oily food are combined to suppress whitening of the bakery food part that occurs over time and bloom in the oily food part. .
- the present inventors have found that when an oil and fat composition containing a specific amount of a specific triacylglycerol is used for a bakery food, The present inventors have found that the whitening of the bakery food part and the bloom of the oily food part that occur are suppressed, and the present invention has been completed.
- one aspect of the present invention is an oil / fat composition in which the oil / fat in the oil / fat composition satisfies the following conditions (a), (b) and (c).
- (A) the C40-C46 content in the oil / fat composition is 2-25% by mass;
- (B) the total content of X2U and XU2 (X2U + XU2) in the oil and fat composition is 45 to 85% by mass;
- C) The mass ratio (XU2 / (X2U + XU2)) of XU2 and X2U + XU2 in the oil / fat composition is 0.55 or more.
- C40 to C46, X, U, X2U, and XU2 are as follows.
- C40 to C46 Triacylglycerol in which the total number of carbon atoms of fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol is 40 to 46
- X Saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms
- U Unsaturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms
- X2U X is 2 Molecules
- XU2 triacylglycerol with one X bond and two U bonds
- condition (a) the content of C40 to C46 in the oil / fat composition is 2 to 20% by mass
- condition (b) the sum of X2U and XU2 in the oil / fat composition ( X2U + XU2) is an oil and fat composition having a content of 50 to 85% by mass.
- one of the preferable aspects is an oil-fat composition in which the fats and oils in the said fat-fat composition satisfy
- D The content of C28 to C38 in the oil / fat composition is 8% by mass or less.
- C28 to C38 are as follows.
- one of the preferable aspects is an oil-fat composition in which the oil-fat in the said oil-fat composition satisfy
- (E) X3 content in the said fat and oil composition is 13 mass% or less
- (F) U3 content in the said fat and oil composition is 16 mass% or less.
- X3 and U3 are as follows.
- U3 Triacylglycerol in which three molecules of U are bound
- condition (e) X3 content in the oil and fat composition is 5% by mass or less
- condition (f) is an oil / fat composition having a U3 content of 13% by mass or less in the oil / fat composition.
- one of the preferable aspects is an oil-and-fat composition in which the fats and oils in the said oil-and-fat composition satisfy
- G The mass ratio (UXU / XU2) of UXU and XU2 in the oil / fat composition is 0.02 or more.
- UXU indicates the following.
- One of the preferred embodiments is an oil / fat composition in which the oil / fat in the oil / fat composition contains 4 to 40% by mass of one or more oils / fats selected from the following oil / fat A and oil / fat B.
- Fat and oil A All the constituent fatty acids contain 15% by mass or less of unsaturated fatty acids, 20 to 60% by mass of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and 40 to 80% by mass of saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms, and Fats and oils obtained by transesterification
- Fat and oil B 25 to 45 mass% of unsaturated fatty acids, 15 to 35 mass% of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in all the constituent fatty acids Of 25 to 45% by mass and obtained by transesterification
- the fats and oils in the said fats and oils composition are 1 or more types chosen from transesterification oil which has an iodine number of 62 or more, and contains palm type fats and oils and palm type fats and oils as a raw material.
- St, U, and StU2 indicate the following.
- St Stearic acid
- U Unsaturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms
- StU2 Triacylglycerol in which 1 molecule of St and 2 molecules of U are bonded
- one of the preferred embodiments is an oil / fat composition in which the oil / fat composition is for kneading into a bakery dough or for coating onto a baked product.
- one aspect of the present invention is a bakery food produced using the oil composition.
- one aspect of the present invention is a composite food that combines the bakery food and the oil-based food.
- one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is a composite food in which the oily food is chocolate.
- a fat composition for a bakery food that can suppress whitening of a bakery food part and bloom of the oily food part that occur over time is provided. can do.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is characterized in that the oil / fat in the oil / fat composition satisfies the following conditions (a), (b) and (c).
- (A) the C40-C46 content in the oil / fat composition is 2-25% by mass;
- (B) the total content of X2U and XU2 (X2U + XU2) in the oil and fat composition is 45 to 85% by mass;
- C) The mass ratio (XU2 / (X2U + XU2)) of XU2 and X2U + XU2 in the oil / fat composition is 0.55 or more.
- the C40 to C46 content (condition (a)) of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is 2 to 25% by mass, preferably 2 to 20% by mass.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is more preferably 3 to 18% by mass, and further preferably 4 to 16% by mass.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is used for coating a baked product, it is more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 10 to 20% by mass.
- C40 to C46 means triacylglycerol in which the total number of carbon atoms of fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol is 40 to 46.
- the triacylglycerol having a fatty acid residue having a total carbon number of 40 include, for example, a fatty acid residue composed of lauric acid (carbon number 12), lauric acid (carbon number 12), and palmitic acid (carbon number 16).
- Examples include triacylglycerol.
- Examples of the triacylglycerol having a fatty acid residue having 42 total carbon atoms include, for example, a fatty acid residue composed of lauric acid (carbon number 12), myristic acid (carbon number 14), and palmitic acid (carbon number 16).
- Examples include triacylglycerol.
- Examples of the triacylglycerol having a fatty acid residue having a total carbon number of 44 include, for example, a fatty acid residue composed of lauric acid (carbon number 12), palmitic acid (carbon number 16), and palmitic acid (carbon number 16).
- Examples include triacylglycerol.
- Examples of the triacylglycerol having a fatty acid residue having 46 total carbon atoms include, for example, a fatty acid residue composed of lauric acid (carbon number 12), palmitic acid (carbon number 16), and stearic acid (carbon number 18).
- triacylglycerol examples include triacylglycerol.
- triacylglycerol may be described as “TAG”.
- the total X2U and XU2 (X2U + XU2) content (condition (b)) of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is 45 to 85% by mass, preferably 50 to 85% by mass.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is more preferably 54 to 81% by mass, still more preferably 56 to 78% by mass.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is used for coating a baked product, it is more preferably 50 to 77% by mass, still more preferably 50 to 72% by mass.
- the (X2U + XU2) content of the oil and fat is in the above range, whitening of the bakery food part and blooming of the oily food part occurring with time in the composite food can be suppressed.
- X means a saturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms
- U means an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms. Therefore, in the present invention, X2U means that two fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol are saturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms, and one of the constituting fatty acid residues is an unsaturated fatty acid residue having 16 or more carbon atoms. Means triacylglycerol.
- XU2 is a saturated fatty acid residue in which one of the fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol is 16 or more carbon atoms, and two of the fatty acid residues constituting the unsaturated fatty acid residue are 16 or more carbon atoms. Means triacylglycerol.
- X is preferably a saturated fatty acid having 16 to 18 carbon atoms
- U is preferably an unsaturated fatty acid having 18 carbon atoms.
- the mass ratio (condition (c)) between XU2 and X2U + XU2 of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is XU2 / (X2U + XU2) of 0.55 or more, preferably 0.6 or more. Yes, more preferably 0.65 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but it is difficult to make it 1.0, and 0.9 is appropriate.
- the C28 to C38 content (condition (d)) of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 8% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 0 to More preferably, it is 3 mass%.
- the C28 to C38 content of the fat is in the above range, whitening of the bakery food part and blooming of the oily food part occurring with time in the composite food can be suppressed.
- C28 to C38 means triacylglycerol in which the total number of carbon atoms of fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol is 28 to 38.
- triacylglycerol having a fatty acid residue having 36 total carbon atoms is composed of lauric acid (12 carbon atoms), lauric acid (12 carbon atoms), and lauric acid (12 carbon atoms). Examples include triacylglycerol.
- the mass ratio (C40 to C46 / C28 to C38) of the C40 to C46 content and the C28 to C38 content of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 0.5 or more. It is more preferably 1 or more, further preferably 2 or more, and most preferably 3 or more.
- the X3 content (condition (e)) of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 13% by mass or less.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is for kneading into bakery dough, it is more preferably 5% by mass or less, further preferably 4% by mass or less, and most preferably 0 to 3% by mass. preferable.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is used for coating a baked product, it is more preferably 3 to 11% by mass, and further preferably 4 to 10% by mass.
- the U3 content (condition (f)) of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 16% by mass or less.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is for kneading into bakery dough, it is more preferably 13% by mass or less, further preferably 11% by mass or less, and most preferably 0 to 9% by mass. preferable. Further, when the oil / fat composition of the present invention is used for coating a baked product, it is more preferably 3 to 14% by mass, and further preferably 5 to 14% by mass. When the X3 content and U3 content of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition are in the above ranges, whitening of the bakery food part and blooming of the oily food part that occur with time in the composite food can be suppressed.
- X3 means triacylglycerol in which three fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol are saturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms.
- U3 means triacylglycerol in which three fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol are unsaturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms.
- UXU / XU2 which is a mass ratio (condition (g)) of UXU and XU2 of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 0.02 or more, and 0.06 or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.1 or more. Although the upper limit is not particularly specified, it is difficult to actually make 1.0, 0.9 is appropriate, and 0.6 is more appropriate.
- the mass ratio of UXU and XU2 (UXU / XU2) is in the above range, whitening of the bakery food part and blooming of the oily food part occurring with time in the composite food can be suppressed.
- UXU means triacylglycerol in which an unsaturated fatty acid residue having 16 or more carbon atoms is bonded to the 1-position and the 3-position, and a saturated fatty acid residue having 16 or more carbon atoms is bonded to the 2-position. To do.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention contains StU2 as XU2.
- the StU2 content of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and further preferably 40 to 70% by mass.
- the StU2 content of the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition is in the above range, whitening of the bakery food portion that occurs with time in the composite food can be suppressed.
- St means stearic acid
- U means an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms. Therefore, in the present invention, StU2 means triacylglycerol in which one of the fatty acid residues constituting triacylglycerol is a stearic acid residue and two of the constituting fatty acid residues are unsaturated fatty acid residues having 16 or more carbon atoms. Means.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention preferably contains substantially no trans fatty acid.
- the trans fatty acid content is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, still more preferably 2% by mass or less, and most preferably 1% by mass or less. is there. Since the oil and fat composition of the present invention can be produced without using a partially hydrogenated oil containing a large amount of trans fatty acid, it can be substantially free of trans fatty acid.
- the fats and oils used for the preparation of the fat and oil composition of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the above conditions (a), (b) and (c) are satisfied, and ordinary edible fats and oils (soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn) Oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, rice oil, olive oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cacao butter, milk fat, and mixed oils of these oils, Processed fats and oils (transesterified oil, fractionated oil, hydrogenated oil, etc.) of mixed oil can be used.
- ordinary edible fats and oils sunflower oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, rice oil, olive oil, peanut oil, linseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cacao butter, milk fat, and mixed oils of these oils
- Processed fats and oils transesterified oil, fractionated oil, hydrogenated oil, etc.
- fats and oils used for the preparation of the fat and oil composition of the present invention include mixed fats and oils including transesterified oil of lauric fats and non-lauric fats and a low melting point portion obtained by fractionating non-lauric fats and oils. Can be mentioned.
- the transesterified oil of the lauric fat and non-lauric fat and oil should be contained in an amount of 4 to 40% by mass in the fat and oil of the fat and oil composition when the fat and oil composition of the present invention is for kneading into a bakery dough.
- the content is preferably 7 to 35% by mass, more preferably 10 to 30% by mass.
- the oil / fat of the oil / fat composition is preferably contained in an amount of 4 to 40% by mass, more preferably 10 to 40% by mass, More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 20 to 40% by mass.
- the low melting point portion obtained by fractionating the non-lauric oil and fat is contained in an amount of 60 to 96% by mass in the oil and fat of the oil and fat composition when the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used for kneading into a bakery dough. Is preferable, 65 to 93% by mass is more preferable, and 70 to 90% by mass is further preferable.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is for coating on a bakery product, it is preferably contained in the oil / fat of the oil / fat composition in an amount of 60 to 96% by mass, more preferably 60 to 90% by mass, More preferably, it is contained in an amount of 60 to 80% by mass.
- the transesterified oil of the lauric fat and the non-lauric fat includes fat A and fat B described below.
- lauric fats and oils are fats and oils which contain 30 mass% or more (preferably 40 mass% or more) of lauric acids in all the constituent fatty acids.
- specific examples of lauric oils and fats include palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mixed oils thereof, processed oils and fats of these oils or mixed oils (transesterified oil, fractionated oil, hydrogenated oil, etc.).
- the non-lauric fats and oils are fats and oils containing 90% by mass or more of fatty acids having 16 or more carbon atoms in all constituent fatty acids.
- non-lauric oils include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, corn oil, palm oil, mixed oils thereof, processed oils of these oils or mixed oils (transesterified oil, fractionation) Oil, hydrogenated oil, etc.).
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains oil / fat A.
- the fat and oil A means 15% by mass or less of unsaturated fatty acids, 20 to 60% by mass of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and 40 to 80% by mass of saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in the total constituent fatty acids. It is a fat and oil obtained by transesterification.
- the content of fat and oil A is preferably 4 to 40% by mass, more preferably 4 to 4% when the fat and oil composition of the present invention is used for kneading into bakery dough. 28 mass%, more preferably 7 to 18 mass%, and most preferably 7 to 16 mass%. Further, when the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used for coating a baked product, it is preferably 4 to 40% by mass, more preferably 20 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 25 to 40% by mass. Yes, most preferably 30 to 40% by mass.
- the unsaturated fatty acid content in the total constituent fatty acids is 15% by mass or less, preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and most preferably 0 to 2% by mass.
- the content of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms in the total constituent fatty acids is 20 to 60% by mass, preferably 25 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 28 to 35%. % By mass, and most preferably 28 to 33% by mass.
- the content of saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in all the constituent fatty acids is 40 to 80% by mass, preferably 46 to 70% by mass, and more preferably 52 to 68%. % By mass, and most preferably 61-68% by mass.
- a mixed oil of a lauric fat and a palm fat that is a non-lauric fat is transesterified, and then hydrogenated until the iodine value becomes 10 or less (iodine value 2 or less). It is preferable that the fats and oils obtained by doing this.
- the lauric oil and palm oil are separately hydrogenated so that the iodine value is 10 or less (preferably having an iodine value of 2 or less), and then these mixed oils are transesterified. Examples of oils and fats that can be used.
- palm-based fats and oils are palm oil itself and processed oils and fats of palm oil (transesterified oil, fractionated oil, hydrogenated oil, etc.).
- Specific examples of palm oils include palm oil, palm olein, palm mid fraction, palm stearin and the like.
- lauric fat and palm oil and fat which are raw material fats of fat A used in the present invention
- palm kernel and palm oil palm kernel olein and palm stearin
- palm kernel stearin and hard stearin are preferable.
- the mixing ratio of lauric fats and palm fats and oils is a mass ratio of lauric fats and palms and palm fats and oils, preferably 30:70 to 70:30, more preferably 40:60. ⁇ 60: 40.
- transesterification reaction for preparing the fats and oils A used by this invention Non-selective transesterification (random transesterification) which is transesterification reaction with low regioselectivity, transesterification with high regioselectivity Either selective transesterification (regiospecific transesterification) which is a reaction may be used, but non-selective transesterification is preferable.
- limiting in particular as a method of transesterification for preparing the fats and oils A used by this invention Both methods of chemical transesterification and enzymatic transesterification may be sufficient, However, It is chemical transesterification. preferable.
- the chemical transesterification is performed using a chemical catalyst such as sodium methylate as a catalyst, and the reaction becomes non-selective transesterification with low regioselectivity.
- the raw oil and fat is sufficiently dried, and 0.1 to 1% by mass of the catalyst is added to the raw oil and fat.
- the reaction can be carried out with stirring for 1 hour.
- the catalyst is washed away by washing with water, and then the decolorization and deodorization treatments performed in a normal edible oil refining process can be performed.
- the hydrogenation method for preparing the fat A used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be carried out by a usual method. Hydrogenation can be performed, for example, under the conditions of a hydrogen pressure of 0.02 to 0.3 Mpa and 160 to 200 ° C. under a nickel catalyst.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains oil / fat B.
- the fat / oil B means 25 to 45 mass% of unsaturated fatty acid, 15 to 35 mass% of saturated fatty acid having 12 to 14 carbon atoms, and 25 to 45 saturated fatty acid having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in all the constituent fatty acids. Fat and oil contained by mass exchange and obtained by transesterification.
- the content of fat and oil B is preferably 0 to 40% by mass, more preferably 5 to 40% by mass, and further preferably 10 to 30% by mass. Preferably, the content is 15 to 25% by mass.
- the unsaturated fatty acid content in the total constituent fatty acids is 25 to 45% by mass, preferably 28 to 42% by mass, more preferably 30 to 40% by mass, and most preferably Is 32 to 38% by mass.
- the content of saturated fatty acids having 12 to 14 carbon atoms in the total constituent fatty acids is 15 to 35% by mass, preferably 18 to 32% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 30%. % By mass, most preferably 22-28% by mass.
- the content of saturated fatty acids having 16 to 18 carbon atoms in all the constituent fatty acids is 25 to 45% by mass, preferably 28 to 42% by mass, more preferably 30 to 40%. % By mass, most preferably 32 to 38% by mass.
- Preferred examples of the fat B used in the present invention include transesterified oil of lauric fat and palm fat.
- a lauric fat and a palm fat that are raw oils and fats of the fat B used in the present invention palm kernel oil and palm oil, palm kernel olein and palm oil, palm kernel olein and palm stearin are preferable.
- the mixing ratio of lauric fat and palm fat is a mass ratio of lauric fat: palm fat, preferably 30: 70-60: 40, more preferably 35:65 to 50:50, and most preferably 35:65 to 45:55.
- the transesterification reaction for preparing the oil B used in the present invention is not particularly limited and may be either non-selective transesterification or selective transesterification, but non-selective transesterification is preferred. Moreover, there is no restriction
- the oil value is 62 or more, and the oil and fat consisting of one or more selected from palm-based oils and transesterified oils containing palm-based fats and oils as raw materials is fractionated.
- a low melting point part which processed another aspect, it is preferred that it is a low melting point part which contains 50 mass% or more of StU2.
- the low melting-point part which fractionated the said non-lauric oil and fat satisfy
- ( ⁇ ) X3 content in the low melting point part is 5% by mass or less, ( ⁇ ) the X2U content in the low melting point is 10 to 40% by mass, ( ⁇ ) the XU2 content in the low melting point part is 45 to 75% by mass, and ( ⁇ ) The U3 content in the low melting point is 5 to 20% by mass.
- examples of the low melting point portion obtained by fractionating the non-lauric oil include oil C, oil D, and oil E described below.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains oil / fat C.
- the fat C is a low melting point part having an iodine value of 62 or more obtained by fractionating palm oil, palm fractionated oil, or a mixed oil thereof.
- the low melting point portion having an iodine value of 62 or more is preferably a low melting point portion (palm super olein) obtained by fractionating palm oil twice or more.
- the fractionation method dry fractionation, emulsification fractionation (wet fractionation), solvent fractionation, etc., which are usually used for fractionation of palm oils and fats, can be used as appropriate.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains oil / fat D.
- the fat and oil D means a low melting point part having an iodine value of 62 or more obtained by separating a transesterified fat and oil containing 40% by weight or more of palm oil as a raw material, or 40 to 90% by weight of the transesterified fat and oil and palm
- a low melting point part having an iodine value of 62 or more obtained by fractionating a mixed oil of 10 to 60% by mass of the system fat is preferable.
- the separation method a method similar to the above can be used as appropriate.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains oil / fat E.
- the oil E is an oil containing 50% by mass or more of StU2.
- St represents stearic acid
- U represents an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 or more carbon atoms
- StU2 represents triacylglycerol in which one molecule of St and two molecules of U are bonded.
- Specific examples of the fat E include StOSt (1,3-distearoyl-2--, which is a raw fat / oil for cacao substitute fats, such as monkey fat, shea fat, mora fat, mango kernel oil, alambrackia fat, pentadesma fat, etc.
- the low melting point part which fractionated the fat and oil containing 30 mass% of oleoylglycerol is mentioned.
- fats and oils containing 30 mass% of StOSt based on a known method, a mixture of high oleic sunflower oil and stearic acid ethyl ester is subjected to a transesterification reaction using a 1,3-position selective lipase preparation. Further, it may be an oil obtained by removing fatty acid ethyl ester by distillation.
- the separation method a method similar to the above can be used as appropriate. It is preferable that the fat E has an iodine value of 62 or more.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is selected from 4 to 40% by mass of the oil and fat selected from the above-mentioned oil and fat A and oil and fat B as the oil and fat in the oil and fat composition, and from the above oil and fat C, oil and fat D, and oil and fat E. It is preferable to contain 60 to 96% by mass of one or more types of fats and oils.
- the fats and oils in the fat and oil composition have an SFC (solid fat content) of 10 to 20% at 15 ° C. (more preferably 12%) when the fat and oil composition of the present invention is for kneading into bakery dough. To 18%), and preferably to 1 to 6% (more preferably 2 to 5%) at 30 ° C.
- SFC solid fat The content is preferably adjusted to 20 to 40% (more preferably 25 to 35%) at 15 ° C. and 10 to 25% (more preferably 15 to 20%) at 30 ° C.
- an emulsifier can be blended as a component other than the oil and fat.
- the emulsifier used in the oil and fat composition of the present invention polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester, Synthetic emulsifiers such as propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and emulsifiers that are not synthetic emulsifiers such as lecithin (soy lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, etc.), lysolecithin (soy lysolecithin, egg yolk lysolecithin, etc.), enzyme-treated egg yolk, saponins, plant sterols, milk fat globule film, etc.
- the emulsifier used in the oil and fat composition of the present invention it is preferable to use one or more of polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester and lecithin. In particular, it is preferable to use a diester type sorbitan fatty acid ester to which a saturated fatty acid is bonded.
- the content of the emulsifier is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, and most preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass. .
- components that are usually added to the oil and fat composition used in bakery foods can be added.
- Other ingredients include water, thickening stabilizers, salting agents such as salt and potassium chloride, acidulants such as acetic acid, lactic acid and gluconic acid, sugars, sugar alcohols, sweeteners such as stevia and aspartame, ⁇ -carotene , Colorants such as caramel and red bean pigment, tocopherols, tea extracts (catechin etc.), antioxidants such as rutin, plant proteins such as wheat protein and soy protein, eggs, egg processed products, flavors, whole milk powder, Non-fat dry milk, dairy products such as whey protein, seasonings, pH adjusters, food preservatives, fruits, fruit juice, coffee, nut paste, spices, cacao mass, cocoa powder, cereals, beans, vegetables, meat, seafood, etc. Food materials and food additives.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention is preferably a plastic oil / fat composition imparted with plasticity.
- the oil and fat composition imparted with plasticity according to the present invention include margarine (water-in-oil emulsion) having a water phase, fat spread (water-in-oil emulsion) and shortening not having a water phase, Shortening is preferred.
- the water content is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass.
- the oil / fat composition of the present invention preferably contains 40% by weight or more of fat, more preferably 60% by weight or more, still more preferably 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 90-100% by weight. Is most preferred.
- the production method of the oil and fat composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be produced according to known production conditions and production methods for oil and fat compositions for bakery foods.
- the aqueous phase prepared as needed can be produced by mixing and dissolving oil-soluble components to be blended.
- blend is made into an oil phase.
- cooling and crystallizing are preferably performed by cooling plasticization.
- the cooling condition is preferably ⁇ 0.5 ° C./min or more, more preferably ⁇ 5 ° C./min or more. At this time, rapid cooling is preferable to slow cooling.
- the sterilization method include a batch type in a tank, a continuous type using a plate type heat exchanger, and a scraping type heat exchanger.
- Examples of the equipment to be cooled include sealed continuous tube coolers, for example, margarine manufacturing machines such as botatas, combinators, and perfectors, and plate heat exchangers. Moreover, the combination of an open-type diacooler and a compressor is also mentioned as an apparatus to cool.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention can be used for bakery foods, particularly for kneading or coating bakery foods.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention can be suitably used for bakery foods used for composite foods, particularly for kneading or coating bakery foods used for composite foods.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention can suppress whitening of a bakery food part, blooming and softening of an oily food part, which occur with time in a composite food that combines a bakery food and an oily food.
- each triacylglycerol content in fats and oils can be measured by a gas chromatography method (for example, AOCS). It can be measured according to Ce5-86).
- the symmetry of triacylglycerol is described, for example, by comparing the UXU / XU2 ratio with J.A. High Resol. Chromatogr. , 18, 105-107 (1995), and can be calculated based on this value and the XU2 content.
- the content of each fatty acid in the oil and fat can be measured by a gas chromatography method (for example, it can be measured according to AOCS Ce1f-96).
- the SFC of fats and oils can be measured in accordance with “2.2.9-2003 solid fat content (NMR method)” of “Standard fat and oil analysis test method” edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society.
- the iodine value of fats and oils can be measured according to “2.3.4.1-1996 Iodine number (Wiis-cyclohexane method)” of “Standard oil and fat analysis test method” edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society. it can.
- the content of all the constituent fatty acids refers to the ratio to the total amount of fatty acids constituting the fats and oils contained in the fat and oil composition.
- SFC is SFC of the fats and oils contained in a fat and oil composition.
- the bakery food of the present invention is characterized by being manufactured using the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
- the bakery food of the present invention can be obtained by baking a bakery dough containing the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
- the bakery dough is mainly made of flour and kneaded with the oil and fat composition of the present invention.
- the bakery foodstuff of this invention is obtained by coating the oil-fat composition of this invention with respect to bakery baking products.
- cereal flour is a product obtained by grinding cereals into powder and can be used without particular limitation as long as it is usually blended with bakery dough.
- specific examples of the flour include wheat flour (strong flour, medium flour, thin flour, etc.), barley flour, rice flour, corn flour, rye flour, buckwheat flour, soybean flour and the like.
- the amount of the oil composition of the present invention varies depending on the type of the bakery food and is not particularly limited.
- the oil composition of the present invention is used for kneading into bakery dough. Is preferably 0.5 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 2 to 150 parts by weight, and most preferably 5 to 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of flour blended in the bakery dough. is there.
- the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used for coating on a baked product, it is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the baked product. And most preferably 2 to 20 parts by mass.
- the bakery food of the present invention can be blended without particular limitation as long as it is usually blended with bakery food.
- these compounding quantities can also be mix
- the bakery food of the present invention can be produced by known production conditions and production methods except that the oil and fat composition of the present invention is used.
- bakery food of the present invention examples include biscuits, cookies, crackers, dry bread, pretzel, cut bread, wafers, sables, Langdosha, macaroons and other baked confectionery, butter cakes (pound cake, fruit cake, madeleine, baumkuchen, Castella, etc.), sponge cakes (short cakes, roll cakes, tortes, decoration cakes, chiffon cakes, etc.), Western sweets such as shoe confectionery, fermented confectionery, pies, waffles, confectionery bread, French bread, stollen, panettone, brioche, donut , Danish and croissant bread.
- the bakery food of the present invention is preferably a baked confectionery.
- the bakery food of the present invention can be suitably used as a bakery food for complex foods.
- the bakery food of the present invention can suppress whitening of the bakery food part and bloom of the oily food part that occur over time in the composite food combined with the oily food. Moreover, the bakery food of the present invention has a good texture.
- the composite food of the present invention is characterized by combining the bakery food of the present invention and an oily food.
- the combined method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the bakery food of the present invention and the oily food are brought into contact with each other.
- the combined method includes bonding, covering, sandwiching, pouring, burying, topping, etc. Is mentioned.
- an oily food is a food in which fats and oils form a continuous phase.
- oily food used in the present invention examples include chocolate, glaze, cream (whipped cream, sand cream, butter cream, etc.), filling, nuts and the like.
- the fat content is preferably 20 to 65% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and most preferably 30 to 45% by mass.
- the oily food used in the present invention is preferably chocolate.
- chocolate is not limited to chocolate of "fair competition agreement regarding the display of chocolates" (National Chocolate Industry Fair Trade Council), but cacao mass, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, edible fats and oils, saccharides The main ingredient, and if necessary, dairy products, fragrances and the like are added and manufactured through the process of chocolate manufacture (including white chocolate and color chocolate not using cocoa mass, cocoa powder).
- the composite food of the present invention is preferably a composite confectionery in which baked confectionery and chocolate are combined.
- the composite food of the present invention can be produced by known production conditions and production methods except that the bakery food of the present invention is used.
- the composite food of the present invention can suppress whitening of the bakery food part and bloom of the oily food part that occur with time in the composite food.
- bakery foods prepared by actually kneading sample oils are usually used.
- the evaluation system using the actually produced bakery food requires a lot of labor because it takes time to prepare the bakery food.
- the present inventors have determined that, in the quality assessment method for composite foods, when the bakery food part of the composite food is replaced with filter paper instead of the actually produced bakery food, the actually produced bakery food is obtained. It was found that a result correlated with the case of using was obtained.
- the evaluation system using the filter paper can be carried out by impregnating a small amount of sample oil into the filter paper and adhering it to the oily food, so that the evaluation experiment can be easily carried out. Therefore, the evaluation system using filter paper can be easily carried out with a small amount of sample, and is therefore effective when screening a plurality of oil and fat samples.
- the filter paper is preferably a glass fiber filter paper.
- As the glass fiber filter paper GA-200 manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the size and thickness of the filter paper are not particularly limited, but are preferably 10 to 40 mm in diameter and 0.2 to 3.0 mm in thickness.
- the amount of oil and fat impregnated in the filter paper is preferably 60 to 98% by mass with respect to the total amount of the filter paper and oil and fat. By using this filter paper, the change of the filter paper after the test can be easily visualized.
- the quality evaluation of the composite food of the present invention was also performed in an evaluation system using filter paper.
- ⁇ Measurement method> Each fatty acid content, SFC, each triacylglycerol content, and iodine value of the fats and oils in the fat and oil composition shown below were measured by the following methods. Each fatty acid content was measured by gas chromatography. The SFC was measured according to “2.2.9-2003 Solid fat content (NMR method)” of “Standard fat analysis method” edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society. Each triacylglycerol content was measured by gas chromatography. The symmetry of triacylglycerol was measured by silver ion column chromatography. The iodine value was measured according to “2.3.4.1-1996 Iodine value (Wiis-cyclohexane method)” of “Standard oil analysis test method” edited by Japan Oil Chemists' Society.
- fat B-1 a saturated fatty acid content of 12 to 14 carbon atoms, 26.0% by mass, 16 to 16 carbon atoms.
- 18 saturated fatty acid content 33.6 mass%, unsaturated fatty acid content 37.6 mass%, iodine value 39.0).
- Palm super olein manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, iodine value 65.2, X3 content 0.1% by mass, X2U content 29.9% by mass, XU2 content 57.0% by mass, U3 content 8.4% by mass , StU2 content of 5.5% by mass
- fat C-1 was designated as fat C-1.
- transesterified oil d-2 60 parts by mass of palm stearin (iodine value 36.1) and 40 parts by mass of palm oil (iodine value 52.0) were mixed.
- the obtained mixed oil was sufficiently dried by heating to 120 ° C. under reduced pressure, 0.1% by mass of sodium methylate against the oil was added, and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C. for 0.5 hour under reduced pressure.
- the transesterification reaction was carried out to obtain a transesterified oil d-2.
- the obtained mixed oil was subjected to dry fractionation at 36 to 38 ° C., and the high melting point portion was removed to obtain a low melting point portion.
- the obtained low melting point portion was subjected to solvent fractionation (using acetone) at 0 to 2 ° C., and the high melting point portion was removed to obtain a low melting point portion.
- the obtained low melting point portion was decolorized and deodorized according to a conventional purification method to obtain oil D-1 (iodine number 64.4, X3 content 0.1% by mass, X2U content 28.4% by mass, XU2 content) 55.4 mass%, U3 content 10.9 mass%, StU2 content 11.7 mass%).
- the obtained low melting point portion was subjected to acetone removal, decolorization, and deodorization treatment by a conventional method to obtain oil E-1 (iodine number 63.9, X3 content 0.3% by mass, X2U content 11.6% by mass, XU2 content 67 8 mass%, U3 content 17.5 mass%, StU2 content 61.9 mass%).
- transesterified oil I Palm olein (Iodine number 56, manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group Co., Ltd.) was sufficiently dried by heating to 120 ° C. under reduced pressure, then 0.1% by mass sodium methylate for oil was added, and the pressure was reduced. The transesterification was carried out with stirring at 110 ° C. for 0.5 hour. After completion of the reaction, sodium methylate was removed by washing with water, followed by decolorization and deodorization treatment according to a conventional purification method to obtain transesterified oil I (iodine number 56).
- Palm olein (iodine value 56, manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Inc.) was used.
- Palm stearin (iodine value 35, manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Inc.) was used. Palm extremely hardened oil (iodine value 2 or less, manufactured by Yokoseki Oil & Fat Co., Ltd.) was used.
- Rapeseed oil Rapeseed white squeezed oil (manufactured by Nisshin Oillio Group, Inc.) was used.
- the whitening of the filter paper and the chocolate bloom in the model composite confectionery after storage at 30 ° C. for 3 days were visually evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria.
- the evaluation of whitening and bloom was judged to be good in the case of ⁇ or ⁇ .
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- As the filter paper glass fiber filter paper (trade name: GA-200, manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd., diameter 26 mm, thickness 0.74 mm) was used.
- the chocolate used the cacao mass (36.5 mm in length, 38 mm in width, and 3 mm in thickness) with a fat content of 55 mass%.
- Emulsifier 1 Lecithin (Product name: Lecithin DX, manufactured by Nisshin Oilio Group, Inc.)
- Emulsifier 2 Glycerin fatty acid ester (trade name: Emulgie P-100, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.)
- Emulsifier 3 Sorbitan fatty acid ester (trade name: Poem S-320YN, manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.)
- Cookies having the composition shown in Table 3 were prepared using the oil and fat compositions of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6. That is, the sucrose was added to the softened oil and fat composition (the oil and fat compositions of Examples 5 and 6 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6), and then mixed. The whole egg was added to the rubbed in several portions and mixed so as not to separate.
- a dough was prepared by adding sieved flour to the mixture and mixing. After resting the dough, roll it up to 3 mm in thickness with a roller and mold it in a 3 cm diameter, and bake it in an oven at 180 ° C. and 160 ° C. for 8 minutes to obtain each cookie. It was. The texture when eating each obtained cookie was good.
- the obtained cookie was placed on a chocolate molded into a plate shape, and the bottom of the cookie and the chocolate were adhered to obtain composite confectionery of Examples 7 and 8 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8.
- the obtained composite confectionery was stored at 30 ° C. for 1 week.
- the whitening of the cookies and the chocolate bloom in the composite confectionery after storage was visually evaluated according to the same evaluation criteria as the evaluation of the model composite confectionery.
- the evaluation of whitening and bloom was judged to be good in the case of ⁇ or ⁇ .
- the evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
- the chocolate is a chocolate having a fat content of 37.4% by mass (compounding: 42 parts by mass of cacao mass, 14.95 parts by mass of cocoa butter, 42.4 parts by mass of sugar, 0.6 part by mass of lecithin, 0. 0 parts of vanilla (powder)).
- 05 parts by mass Shape 36.5 mm in length, 38 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness) was used.
- the obtained biscuits were spray-coated with 10 parts by mass of 100 parts by mass of the biscuits of the oil and fat compositions of Examples 9 to 12 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 which were heated and melted. Each of the obtained spray-coated biscuits is placed on a plate-shaped chocolate, and the bottom of the biscuits and the chocolate are adhered to each other, so that the oil and fat compositions of Examples 9-12 and Comparative Examples 9-12 are used.
- a biscuit composite confectionery was obtained.
- the obtained composite confectionery was stored at 30 ° C. for 1 week.
- the whitening of the biscuits and the chocolate bloom in the composite confectionery after storage was visually evaluated according to the same evaluation criteria as the evaluation of the model composite confectionery.
- the evaluation of whitening and bloom was judged to be good in the case of ⁇ or ⁇ .
- the evaluation results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- the chocolate is a chocolate having a fat content of 37.4% by mass (compounding: 42 parts by mass of cacao mass, 14.95 parts by mass of cocoa butter, 42.4 parts by mass of sugar, 0.6 part by mass of lecithin, 0. 0 parts of vanilla (powder)).
- 05 parts by mass Shape 36.5 mm in length, 38 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness) was used.
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Abstract
Description
(a)前記油脂組成物中のC40~C46含量が2~25質量%であり、
(b)前記油脂組成物中のX2UとXU2の合計(X2U+XU2)含量が45~85質量%であり、かつ、
(c)前記油脂組成物中のXU2とX2U+XU2の質量比(XU2/(X2U+XU2))が0.55以上である。
ただし、上記の(a)、(b)及び(c)の条件において、C40~C46、X、U、X2U及びXU2はそれぞれ以下のものを示す。
C40~C46:トリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸残基の総炭素数が40~46であるトリアシルグリセロール
X:炭素数16以上の飽和脂肪酸
U:炭素数16以上の不飽和脂肪酸
X2U:Xが2分子、Uが1分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
XU2:Xが1分子、Uが2分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
(d)前記油脂組成物中のC28~C38含量が8質量%以下である。
ただし、上記の(d)の条件において、C28~C38は以下のものを示す。
C28~C38:トリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸残基の総炭素数が28~38であるトリアシルグリセロール
(e)前記油脂組成物中のX3含量が13質量%以下であり、かつ、
(f)前記油脂組成物中のU3含量が16質量%以下である。
ただし、上記の(e)及び(f)の条件において、X3及びU3はそれぞれ以下のものを示す。
X3:Xが3分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
U3:Uが3分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
前記条件(f)前記油脂組成物中のU3含量が13質量%以下である、油脂組成物である。
(g)前記油脂組成物中のUXUとXU2の質量比(UXU/XU2)が0.02以上である。
ただし、UXUは以下のものを示す。
UXU:1位と3位にU、2位にXが結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
油脂A:全構成脂肪酸中に不飽和脂肪酸を15質量%以下、炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸を20~60質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸を40~80質量%含有し、かつ、エステル交換することにより得られる油脂
油脂B:全構成脂肪酸中に不飽和脂肪酸を25~45質量%、炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸を15~35質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸を25~45質量%含有し、かつ、エステル交換することにより得られる油脂
ただし、St、U及びStU2は以下のものを示す。
St:ステアリン酸
U:炭素数16以上の不飽和脂肪酸
StU2:Stが1分子、Uが2分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
本発明の油脂組成物は、油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の(a)、(b)及び(c)の条件を満たすことを特徴とする。
(a)前記油脂組成物中のC40~C46含量が2~25質量%であり、
(b)前記油脂組成物中のX2UとXU2の合計(X2U+XU2)含量が45~85質量%であり、かつ、
(c)前記油脂組成物中のXU2とX2U+XU2の質量比(XU2/(X2U+XU2))が0.55以上である。
(α)低融点部中のX3含量が5質量%以下であり、
(β)低融点部中のX2U含量が10~40質量%であり、
(γ)低融点部中のXU2含量が45~75質量%であり、かつ、
(δ)低融点部中のU3含量が5~20質量%である。
Ce5-86に準じて測定することができる)。トリアシルグリセロールの対称性は、例えばUXU/XU2比をJ.High Resol.Chromatogr.,18,105-107(1995)に準じた方法で測定し、この値とXU2含量を基に算出することができる。また、油脂中の各脂肪酸含量は、ガスクロマトグラフィー法により測定することができる(例えば、AOCS Ce1f-96に準じて測定することができる。)。また、油脂のSFCは、社団法人日本油化学会編、「基準油脂分析試験法」の「2.2.9-2003 固体脂含量(NMR法)」に準じて測定することができる。また、油脂のヨウ素価は、社団法人日本油化学会編、「基準油脂分析試験法」の「2.3.4.1-1996 ヨウ素価(ウィイス-シクロヘキサン法)」に準じて測定することができる。
本発明の複合食品の品質評価は、ろ紙を用いた評価系でも実施した。
以下に示す油脂組成物中の油脂の各脂肪酸含量、SFC、各トリアシルグリセロール含量、ヨウ素価の測定は以下の方法により測定した。
各脂肪酸含量は、ガスクロマトグラフィー法により測定した。
SFCは、社団法人日本油化学会編、「基準油脂分析試験法」の「2.2.9-2003 固体脂含量(NMR法)」に準じて測定した。
各トリアシルグリセロール含量は、ガスクロマトグラフィー法により測定した。トリアシルグリセロールの対称性は、銀イオンカラムクロマトグラフィー法により測定した。
ヨウ素価は、社団法人日本油化学会編、「基準油脂分析試験法」の「2.3.4.1-1996 ヨウ素価(ウィイス-シクロヘキサン法)」に準じて測定した。
パームステアリン(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)50質量部とパーム核オレイン(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)50質量部とを混合した混合油を、減圧下120℃に加熱することにより十分に乾燥させた後、対油0.1質量%のナトリウムメチラートを添加し、減圧下、110℃で0.5時間攪拌しながらエステル交換反応を行った。反応終了後、ナトリウムメチラートを水洗除去し、脱色した後、ニッケル触媒を用いて160~200℃にて水素添加を行い、ヨウ素価を2以下に調整した。ヨウ素価が2以下になったのを確認した後、温度を100℃以下に下げ、ニッケル触媒をろ過により除去し、常法の精製方法に従って、脱色、脱臭して、油脂A-1(炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸含量31.0質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸含量64.7質量%、不飽和脂肪酸含量1.4質量%、ヨウ素価0.1)を得た。
パーム核油(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)40質量部とパーム油(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)60質量部とを混合した混合油を、減圧下120℃に加熱することにより十分に乾燥させた後、対油0.2質量%のナトリウムメチラートを添加し、減圧下、110℃で0.5時間攪拌しながらエステル交換反応を行った。反応終了後、ナトリウムメチラートを水洗除去し、常法の精製方法に従って、脱色、脱臭処理して、油脂B-1(炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸含量26.0質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸含量33.6質量%、不飽和脂肪酸含量37.6質量%、ヨウ素価39.0)を得た。
パームスーパーオレイン(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品、ヨウ素価65.2、X3含量0.1質量%、X2U含量29.9質量%、XU2含量57.0質量%、U3含量8.4質量%、StU2含量5.5質量%)を油脂C-1とした。
(エステル交換油d-1の調製)
ハイオレイックヒマワリ油22質量部とパームステアリン(ヨウ素価36.1)31質量部と大豆油の極度硬化油47質量部を混合した。得られた混合油を、減圧下120℃に加熱することにより十分に乾燥させた後、対油0.1質量%のナトリウムメチラートを添加し、減圧下、110℃で0.5時間攪拌しながらエステル交換反応を行い、エステル交換油d-1を得た。
(エステル交換油d-2の調製)
パームステアリン(ヨウ素価36.1)60質量部とパーム油(ヨウ素価52.0)40質量部を混合した。得られた混合油を、減圧下120℃に加熱することにより十分に乾燥させた後、対油0.1質量%のナトリウムメチラートを添加し、減圧下、110℃で0.5時間攪拌しながらエステル交換反応を行い、エステル交換油d-2を得た。
(エステル交換油の分別)
40質量部のエステル交換油d-1と60質量部のエステル交換油d-2を混合した。得られた混合油を36~38℃でドライ分別し、高融点部を除去することで低融点部を得た。得られた低融点部を0~2℃で溶剤分別(アセトン使用)し、高融点部を除去することで、低融点部を得た。得られた低融点部を常法の精製方法に従って、脱色、脱臭処理して、油脂D-1(ヨウ素価64.4、X3含量0.1質量%、X2U含量28.4質量%、XU2含量55.4質量%、U3含量10.9質量%、StU2含量11.7質量%)を得た。
ハイオレイックヒマワリ油40質量部に、ステアリン酸エチル60質量部を混合し、1,3位選択性リパーゼ製剤を0.3質量%添加し、40℃で20時間攪拌反応させた。ろ過処理によりリパーゼ製剤を除去し、得られた反応物を薄膜蒸留にかけ、反応物から脂肪酸エチルを除去して蒸留残渣(StOSt含量44質量%)を得た。得られた蒸留残渣1質量部に対して4質量部のアセトンを加え、溶解した後、5℃に冷却して得られた固形部(高融点部)をろ別し、液状部(低融点部)を得た。得られた低融点部を常法によりアセトン除去及び脱色、脱臭処理して、油脂E-1(ヨウ素価63.9、X3含量0.3質量%、X2U含量11.6質量%、XU2含量67.8質量%、U3含量17.5質量%、StU2含量61.9質量%)を得た。
(エステル交換油Iの調製)
パームオレイン(ヨウ素価56、日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)を、減圧下120℃に加熱することにより十分に乾燥させた後、対油0.1質量%のナトリウムメチラートを添加し、減圧下、110℃で0.5時間攪拌しながらエステル交換反応を行った。反応終了後、ナトリウムメチラートを水洗除去し、常法の精製方法に従って、脱色、脱臭処理して、エステル交換油I(ヨウ素価56)を得た。
(パームオレイン)
パームオレイン(ヨウ素価56、日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)を使用した。
(パーム極度硬化油)
パームステアリン(ヨウ素価35、日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)を使用した。
パーム極度硬化油(ヨウ素価2以下、横関油脂工業株式会社製造品)を使用した。
(菜種油)
菜種白絞油(日清オイリオグループ株式会社製造品)を使用した。
表1、2の油脂配合の原料油脂を溶解混合することで、実施例1~4の油脂組成物、比較例1~4の油脂組成物を得た。
加熱溶解させた実施例1~4の油脂組成物、比較例1~4の油脂組成物を、ろ紙及び油脂の合計量に対して90質量%となるように、ろ紙に含浸させ、このろ紙を薄く成形した板状のチョコレートの上に置き、チョコレートと接着させることで、モデル複合菓子を得た。得られたモデル複合菓子は、20℃で一晩放置した後、30℃で3日間保存した。30℃で3日間保存後のモデル複合菓子におけるろ紙の白色化及びチョコレートのブルームを、目視にて次に示す評価基準により評価した。白色化及びブルームの評価は、◎又は○の場合を良好であるとした。評価結果を表1、2に示した。
なお、ろ紙はガラス繊維ろ紙(商品名:GA-200、アドバンテック東洋社製、直径26mm、厚さ0.74mm)を使用した。また、チョコレートは油脂含量55質量%のカカオマス(縦36.5mm、横38mm、厚さ3mmに成形したもの)を使用した。
◎ :白色化なし
○ :白色化はないが表面にやや色ムラあり
△ :一部白色化
× :白色化あり
◎ :ブルームなし
○ :ブルームはないがやや艶がない
△ :一部ブルームあり
× :ブルームあり
油脂として実施例2、3と比較例1、4の各油脂配合を用いて、各油脂99.4質量部に対して以下の乳化剤1~3の混合物を0.6質量部添加し、溶解混合した後、オンレーターを用いて急冷可塑化することで、実施例5、6と比較例5、6の各油脂組成物(ショートニング)を得た。
(乳化剤)
乳化剤1:レシチン(商品名:レシチンDX、日清オイリオグループ株式会社製)
乳化剤2:グリセリン脂肪酸エステル(商品名:エマルジーP-100、理研ビタミン株式会社製)
乳化剤3:ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル(商品名:ポエムS-320YN、理研ビタミン株式会社製)
得られた各クッキーを板状に成形したチョコレートの上に置き、クッキーの底面とチョコレートとを接着させることで、実施例7、8と比較例7、8の複合菓子を得た。得られた複合菓子は、30℃で1週間保存した。保存終了後の複合菓子におけるクッキーの白色化及びチョコレートのブルームを、目視にてモデル複合菓子の評価と同じ評価基準により評価した。白色化及びブルームの評価は、◎又は○の場合を良好であるとした。評価結果を表4に示した。
また、チョコレートは油脂含量37.4質量%のチョコレート(配合:カカオマス42質量部、ココアバター14.95質量部、砂糖42.4質量部、レシチン0.6質量部、バニラ(粉体)0.05質量部 形状:縦36.5mm、横38mm、厚さ3mmに成形したもの)を使用した。
表5、6の油脂配合の原料油脂を融解混合することで、実施例9~12の油脂組成物、比較例9~12の油脂組成物を得た。
表7の配合に従ってビスケットを作製した。すなわち、小麦粉、砂糖、食塩、香料を混合し、更にショートニングを加えてすり合わせた。すり合わせたものに、全卵、重曹を溶かした水を加え、粉気がなくなるまで混ぜ合わせることで生地を調製した。生地を休ませた後、ローラーで厚さ3mmにのばして直径3cmの円型で型抜きし、オーブンにて、上火200℃、下火180℃で8分間焼成することで、ビスケットを得た。得られたビスケットに、加熱融解した実施例9~12及び比較例9~12の油脂組成物をそれぞれ、ビスケット100質量部に対し10質量部スプレーコーティングした。
得られた各スプレーコーティングしたビスケットを、板状に成形したチョコレートの上に置き、ビスケットの底面とチョコレートとを接着させることで、実施例9~12と比較例9~12の油脂組成物を使用したビスケット複合菓子を得た。得られた複合菓子は、30℃で1週間保存した。保存終了後の複合菓子におけるビスケットの白色化及びチョコレートのブルームを、目視にてモデル複合菓子の評価と同じ評価基準により評価した。白色化及びブルームの評価は、◎又は○の場合を良好であるとした。評価結果を表5、6に示した。
また、チョコレートは油脂含量37.4質量%のチョコレート(配合:カカオマス42質量部、ココアバター14.95質量部、砂糖42.4質量部、レシチン0.6質量部、バニラ(粉体)0.05質量部 形状:縦36.5mm、横38mm、厚さ3mmに成形したもの)を使用した。
Claims (12)
- 油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の(a)、(b)及び(c)の条件を満たす油脂組成物。
(a)前記油脂組成物中のC40~C46含量が2~25質量%であり、
(b)前記油脂組成物中のX2UとXU2の合計(X2U+XU2)含量が45~85質量%であり、かつ、
(c)前記油脂組成物中のXU2とX2U+XU2の質量比(XU2/(X2U+XU2))が0.55以上である。
ただし、上記の(a)、(b)及び(c)の条件において、C40~C46、X、U、X2U及びXU2はそれぞれ以下のものを示す。
C40~C46:トリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸残基の総炭素数が40~46であるトリアシルグリセロール
X:炭素数16以上の飽和脂肪酸
U:炭素数16以上の不飽和脂肪酸
X2U:Xが2分子、Uが1分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
XU2:Xが1分子、Uが2分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール - 前記条件(a)前記油脂組成物中のC40~C46含量が2~20質量%であり、
前記条件(b)前記油脂組成物中のX2UとXU2の合計(X2U+XU2)含量が50~85質量%である、請求項1に記載の油脂組成物。 - 前記油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の条件(d)を満たす請求項1又は2に記載の油脂組成物。
(d)前記油脂組成物中のC28~C38含量が8質量%以下である。
ただし、上記の(d)の条件において、C28~C38は以下のものを示す。
C28~C38:トリアシルグリセロールを構成する脂肪酸残基の総炭素数が28~38であるトリアシルグリセロール - 前記油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の条件(e)及び(f)を満たす請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物。
(e)前記油脂組成物中のX3含量が13質量%以下であり、かつ、
(f)前記油脂組成物中のU3含量が16質量%以下である。
ただし、上記の(e)及び(f)の条件において、X3及びU3はそれぞれ以下のものを示す。
X3:Xが3分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール
U3:Uが3分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール - 前記条件(e)前記油脂組成物中のX3含量が5質量%以下であり、
前記条件(f)前記油脂組成物中のU3含量が13質量%以下である、
請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物 - 前記油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の条件(g)を満たす請求項1~5の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物。
(g)前記油脂組成物中のUXUとXU2の質量比(UXU/XU2)が0.02以上である。
ただし、UXUは以下のものを示す。
UXU:1位と3位にU、2位にXが結合しているトリアシルグリセロール - 前記油脂組成物中の油脂が、以下の油脂A、油脂Bから選ばれる1種以上からなる油脂を4~40質量%含有する請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物。
油脂A:全構成脂肪酸中に不飽和脂肪酸を15質量%以下、炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸を20~60質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸を40~80質量%含有し、かつ、エステル交換することにより得られる油脂
油脂B:全構成脂肪酸中に不飽和脂肪酸を25~45質量%、炭素数12~14の飽和脂肪酸を15~35質量%、炭素数16~18の飽和脂肪酸を25~45質量%含有し、かつ、エステル交換することにより得られる油脂 - 前記油脂組成物中の油脂が、ヨウ素価が62以上であって、
パーム系油脂、及びパーム系油脂を原料として含有するエステル交換油から選ばれる1種以上からなる油脂を分別処理した低融点部、並びに、
StU2を50質量%以上含有する低融点部、
から選ばれる1種以上である油脂を60~96質量%含有する請求項1~7の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物。
ただし、St、U及びStU2は以下のものを示す。
St:ステアリン酸
U:炭素数16以上の不飽和脂肪酸
StU2:Stが1分子、Uが2分子結合しているトリアシルグリセロール - ベーカリー生地への練り込み用、又は、ベーカリー焼成品へのコーティング用である、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物。
- 請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の油脂組成物を用いて製造したベーカリー食品。
- 請求項10に記載のベーカリー食品と油性食品とを組み合わせた複合食品。
- 前記油性食品がチョコレートである請求項11に記載の複合食品。
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JP2015015915A (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 冷菓用チョコレート |
JP2015015914A (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-29 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 冷菓用チョコレート |
JP2015136327A (ja) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | ミヨシ油脂株式会社 | コーティング用油脂組成物 |
JP2015223115A (ja) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-14 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | ノンテンパー型チョコレート |
JP2016002028A (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-12 | ミヨシ油脂株式会社 | 水産加工食品用油脂組成物とそれを用いた可塑性油脂組成物及び水産加工食品 |
JP2017032407A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 株式会社明治 | ファットブルーム試験方法 |
JP2017093310A (ja) * | 2015-11-18 | 2017-06-01 | 不二製油株式会社 | 焼菓子練り込み用油脂組成物 |
JP2017099351A (ja) * | 2015-12-03 | 2017-06-08 | ミヨシ油脂株式会社 | コーティング用油脂組成物 |
JP2017136013A (ja) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-10 | 森永製菓株式会社 | チョコレート菓子及びチョコレート菓子の製造方法 |
JP2018033429A (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-08 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 油脂組成物 |
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JP5291847B1 (ja) | 2013-09-18 |
KR20140062122A (ko) | 2014-05-22 |
MY165042A (en) | 2018-02-28 |
CN103929971A (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
JPWO2013051388A1 (ja) | 2015-03-30 |
CN103929971B (zh) | 2016-06-22 |
KR101478753B1 (ko) | 2015-01-02 |
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