WO2013038870A1 - 光電変換装置および光電変換装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換装置および光電変換装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013038870A1 WO2013038870A1 PCT/JP2012/070898 JP2012070898W WO2013038870A1 WO 2013038870 A1 WO2013038870 A1 WO 2013038870A1 JP 2012070898 W JP2012070898 W JP 2012070898W WO 2013038870 A1 WO2013038870 A1 WO 2013038870A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0749—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type including a AIBIIICVI compound, e.g. CdS/CulnSe2 [CIS] heterojunction solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/032—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312
- H01L31/0322—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only compounds not provided for in groups H01L31/0272 - H01L31/0312 comprising only AIBIIICVI chalcopyrite compounds, e.g. Cu In Se2, Cu Ga Se2, Cu In Ga Se2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
- H01L31/0465—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate comprising particular structures for the electrical interconnection of adjacent PV cells in the module
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion device containing a chalcopyrite compound and a method for producing the same.
- a photoelectric conversion device used for solar power generation or the like there is one using a chalcopyrite compound such as CIGS having a high light absorption coefficient as a light absorption layer.
- a photoelectric conversion device is described in, for example, JP-A-8-330614.
- Chalcopyrite compound semiconductors have a high light absorption coefficient and are suitable for reducing the thickness, area, and cost of photoelectric conversion devices, and research and development of next-generation solar cells using them are being promoted.
- Such a chalcopyrite photoelectric conversion device has a lower electrode layer such as a metal electrode, a light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a transparent conductive film (upper electrode layer) stacked in this order on a substrate such as glass. It is comprised by having the structure which arranged two or more photoelectric conversion cells arranged in a plane. The plurality of photoelectric conversion cells are electrically connected in series by connecting the transparent conductive film of one adjacent photoelectric conversion cell and the other lower electrode layer with a connection conductor.
- a lower electrode layer such as a metal electrode, a light absorption layer, a buffer layer, and a transparent conductive film (upper electrode layer) stacked in this order on a substrate such as glass. It is comprised by having the structure which arranged two or more photoelectric conversion cells arranged in a plane. The plurality of photoelectric conversion cells are electrically connected in series by connecting the transparent conductive film of one adjacent photoelectric conversion cell and the other lower electrode layer with a connection conductor.
- This photoelectric conversion efficiency indicates the rate at which sunlight energy is converted into electric energy in the photoelectric conversion device.
- the value of the electric energy output from the photoelectric conversion device is the amount of sunlight incident on the photoelectric conversion device. Divided by the value of energy and derived by multiplying by 100.
- One object of the present invention is to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of a photoelectric conversion device.
- a photoelectric conversion device is a photoelectric conversion device including a chalcopyrite compound in a light absorption layer.
- the peak intensity of a peak can combine peak peak and (204) plane of the (220) plane in X-ray diffraction and I A, when the I B of a peak intensity of (112) plane, peak intensity ratio I B / I A is 3 to 9.
- the manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention comprises the following processes.
- the first step is a step of preparing a first film containing a metal element and a chalcogen element.
- the second step is a step of producing the second film by heating the first film in an atmosphere containing water or oxygen.
- Third step after heating the second film in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, and heated in an atmosphere containing chalcogen element, the light absorption above peak intensity ratio I B / I A is 3 to 9 This is a layering process.
- the conversion efficiency in the photoelectric conversion device is improved.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows an example of embodiment of a photoelectric conversion apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the photoelectric conversion apparatus of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the peak intensity ratio of the X-ray diffraction of a light absorption layer, and a short circuit current density. It is the graph which expanded a part of graph of FIG. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the peak intensity ratio of the X-ray diffraction of a light absorption layer, and photoelectric conversion efficiency. It is the graph which expanded a part of graph of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a photoelectric conversion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- the photoelectric conversion device 11 a plurality of photoelectric conversion cells 10 are arranged on the substrate 1 and are electrically connected to each other.
- FIG. 1 only two photoelectric conversion cells 10 are shown for convenience of illustration. However, in an actual photoelectric conversion device 11, a large number of photoelectric conversion cells are arranged in the horizontal direction of the drawing or in a direction perpendicular thereto.
- the cells 10 may be arranged in a plane (two-dimensionally).
- a plurality of lower electrode layers 2 are arranged in a plane on a substrate 1.
- a light absorption layer hereinafter also referred to as a first semiconductor layer 3
- a second semiconductor layer 4 and an upper portion from one lower electrode layer 2 a to the other lower electrode layer 2 b
- An electrode layer 5 is provided.
- a connecting conductor 7 is provided so as to electrically connect the lower electrode layer 2b and the upper electrode layer 5.
- the adjacent photoelectric conversion cells 10 are connected to each other by the lower electrode layer 2b. With such a configuration, the adjacent photoelectric conversion cells 10 are connected in series to form the photoelectric conversion device 11.
- the photoelectric conversion apparatus 11 in this embodiment assumes what light injects with respect to the 1st semiconductor layer 3 from the 2nd semiconductor layer 4 side, it is not limited to this,
- substrate 1 The light may be incident from the side.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 and the second semiconductor layer 4 as the light absorption layer may be opposite in structure, and the second semiconductor layer 4 and the first semiconductor layer 3 are formed on the substrate 1. You may laminate
- the substrate 1 is for supporting the photoelectric conversion cell 10.
- Examples of the material used for the substrate 1 include glass, ceramics, resin, and metal.
- the lower electrode layer 2 (lower electrode layers 2a, 2b) is a conductor such as Mo, Al, Ti, or Au provided on the substrate 1.
- the lower electrode layer 2 is formed to a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m by using a known thin film forming method such as sputtering or vapor deposition.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 is a first conductivity type semiconductor layer containing a chalcopyrite compound.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 functions as a light absorption layer, and has a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, for example.
- the chalcopyrite compound is a compound having a chalcopyrite structure, and examples thereof include I-III-VI group compounds and II-IV-V group compounds.
- An I-III-VI group compound is a group consisting of a group IB element (also referred to as a group 11 element), a group III-B element (also referred to as a group 13 element), and a group VI-B element (also referred to as a group 16 element).
- the I-III-VI group compound include CuInSe 2 (also called copper indium diselenide, CIS), Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 (also called copper indium diselenide / gallium, CIGS), Cu ( In, Ga) (Se, S) 2 (also referred to as diselene / copper indium / gallium / CIGSS).
- the first semiconductor layer 3 may be composed of a multi-component compound semiconductor thin film such as copper indium selenide / gallium having a thin film of selenite / copper indium sulfide / gallium as a surface layer.
- a II-IV-V group compound is an II-B group element (also referred to as a group 12 element), an IV-B group element (also referred to as a group 14 element), and a VB group element (also referred to as a group 15 element).
- II-B group element also referred to as a group 12 element
- IV-B group element also referred to as a group 14 element
- VB group element also referred to as a group 15 element
- the II-IV-V group compound e.g., CdSnP 2, CdSnSb 2, CdGeAs 2, CdGeP 2, CdSiAs 2, CdSiP 2, CdSiSb 2, ZnSnSb 2, ZnSnAs 2, ZnSnP 2, ZnGeAs 2, ZnGeP 2, ZnGeSb 2 ZnSiAs 2 , ZnSiP 2 , ZnSiSb 2 and the like.
- the peak intensity of a peak can combine peak peak and (204) plane of the (220) plane in X-ray diffraction and I A, the peak intensity of the (112) plane was I B
- the peak intensity ratio I B / I A is 3 or more and 9 or less.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 may further contain an oxygen element. As a result, defects in the first semiconductor layer 3 can be filled with an oxygen element, and carrier recombination can be further reduced.
- the atomic concentration of the oxygen element in the first semiconductor layer 3 may be, for example, 2 ⁇ 10 19 to 3 ⁇ 10 21 atoms / cm 3 .
- the second semiconductor layer 4 is a semiconductor layer having a second conductivity type different from that of the first semiconductor layer 3.
- a photoelectric conversion layer from which charges can be taken out well is formed.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 is p-type
- the second semiconductor layer 4 is n-type.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 may be n-type and the second semiconductor layer 4 may be p-type.
- a high-resistance buffer layer may be interposed between the first semiconductor layer 3 and the second semiconductor layer 4.
- the second semiconductor layer 4 may be formed by stacking a material different from that of the first semiconductor layer 3 on the first semiconductor layer 3, or the surface portion of the first semiconductor layer 3 may be other than the first semiconductor layer 3. It may be modified by elemental doping.
- the second semiconductor layer 4 includes CdS, ZnS, ZnO, In 2 S 3 , In 2 Se 3 , In (OH, S), (Zn, In) (Se, OH), and (Zn, Mg) O. Etc.
- the second semiconductor layer 4 is formed with a thickness of 10 to 200 nm by, for example, a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method or the like.
- CBD chemical bath deposition
- In (OH, S) refers to a compound mainly containing In, OH, and S.
- (Zn, In) (Se, OH) refers to a compound mainly containing Zn, In, Se, and OH.
- (Zn, Mg) O refers to a compound mainly containing Zn, Mg and O.
- an upper electrode layer 5 may be further provided on the second semiconductor layer 4.
- the upper electrode layer 5 is a layer having a lower resistivity than the second semiconductor layer 4, and it is possible to take out charges generated in the first semiconductor layer 3 and the second semiconductor layer 4 satisfactorily.
- the resistivity of the upper electrode layer 5 may be less than 1 ⁇ ⁇ cm and the sheet resistance may be 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the upper electrode layer 5 is a 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m transparent conductive film made of, for example, ITO or ZnO.
- the upper electrode layer 5 may be composed of a semiconductor having the same conductivity type as the second semiconductor layer 4.
- the upper electrode layer 5 can be formed by sputtering, vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or the like.
- a collecting electrode 8 may be further formed on the upper electrode layer 5.
- the current collecting electrode 8 is for taking out charges generated in the first semiconductor layer 3 and the second semiconductor layer 4 more satisfactorily.
- the collector electrode 8 is formed in a linear shape from one end of the photoelectric conversion cell 10 to the connection conductor 7.
- the current generated in the first semiconductor layer 3 and the fourth semiconductor layer 4 is collected to the current collecting electrode 8 via the upper electrode layer 5, and to the adjacent photoelectric conversion cell 10 via the connection conductor 7. Good conductivity.
- the collecting electrode 8 may have a width of 50 to 400 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of increasing the light transmittance to the first semiconductor layer 3 and having good conductivity.
- the current collecting electrode 8 may have a plurality of branched portions.
- the current collecting electrode 8 is formed, for example, by printing a metal paste in which a metal powder such as Ag is dispersed in a resin binder or the like in a pattern and curing it.
- connection conductor 7 is a conductor provided in a groove that penetrates the first semiconductor layer 3, the second semiconductor layer 4, and the second electrode layer 5.
- the connection conductor 7 can be made of metal, conductive paste, or the like.
- the collector electrode 8 is extended to form the connection conductor 7, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the upper electrode layer 5 may be stretched.
- the first semiconductor layer 3 is a light absorption layer containing an I-III-VI group compound
- a raw material solution containing a metal element (Group IB element and Group III-B element) and a chalcogen element is formed on the substrate 1 having the first electrode layer 2 by a spin coater, screen printing, dipping, spraying, die coating, or the like.
- a first film containing a metal element and a chalcogen element is formed by depositing in a shape.
- the chalcogen element means S, Se, or Te among the VI-B group elements.
- the first film may be formed into a multilayer structure by repeating film formation using the raw material solution. Alternatively, the first film may be formed into a multi-layer laminate having different compositions by forming a film using raw material solutions having different compositions.
- the first film is heated in an atmosphere containing water or oxygen to produce a second film (hereinafter, the heating process in an atmosphere containing water or oxygen is referred to as the first process).
- the heating process in an atmosphere containing water or oxygen is referred to as the first process.
- the organic component in the first film may be pyrolyzed during the first step.
- a mixed gas mainly containing at least one of an inert gas and a reducing gas and mixed with water (water vapor) or oxygen can be used.
- examples of such an inert gas include nitrogen and argon, and examples of the reducing gas include hydrogen.
- the content of water or oxygen contained in the atmospheric gas can be, for example, 10 to 1000 ppmv as a volume fraction of water (water vapor) or oxygen in the atmosphere. In particular, if it is 50 to 150 ppmv, cracks and peeling are unlikely to occur in the film, and as a result, the first semiconductor layer 3 is crystallized better and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photoelectric conversion device 11 is further improved.
- the atmospheric temperature in the first step can be set to 50 to 350 ° C., for example.
- the metal elements (IB group element and III-B group element) in the first film are oxidized to some extent.
- the second film is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, for example, at 100 to 500 ° C.
- the non-oxidizing atmosphere is an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, a reducing gas atmosphere such as hydrogen, or a mixed gas atmosphere thereof.
- the metal element in the second film reacts with the chalcogen element to grow metal chalcogenide particles, but the reaction proceeds relatively slowly because it partially contains a metal oxide. It becomes. Therefore, the orientation directions of the generated metal chalcogenide particles are easily aligned.
- the second film is further heated in an atmosphere containing a chalcogen element, for example, at 300 to 600 ° C., so that the chalcogenization reaction of the second film further proceeds,
- the first semiconductor layer 3 having a crystal structure is formed (hereinafter, the heating step in an atmosphere containing the chalcogen element is referred to as a third step).
- the atmosphere in the third step contains a chalcogen element in a state of, for example, sulfur vapor, selenium vapor, tellurium vapor, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride and the like.
- the oxygen element in the second film can be replaced with the chalcogen element, and the oxygen element remaining in the generated first semiconductor layer 3
- the concentration of can be made to a desired amount.
- the oxygen element concentration remaining in the first semiconductor layer 3 tends to decrease as the heating time in the atmosphere containing the chalcogen element is increased or the heating temperature is increased.
- the atmosphere in the third step is an atmosphere containing chalcogen vapor such as sulfur vapor, selenium vapor or tellurium vapor in the first stage, and then the subsequent stages.
- an atmosphere containing hydrogen chalcogenide such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide or hydrogen telluride may be used.
- chalcogenization of the second film proceeds relatively slowly with chalcogen vapor and the orientation is maintained, and then chalcogenization is enhanced with highly active chalcogenide, The orientation and crystallinity of the first semiconductor layer 3 to be generated can be further enhanced.
- a state having a certain degree of orientation can be maintained, and the peak of the (220) plane in the X-ray diffraction of the first semiconductor layer 3 and ( 204) peak intensity of a peak can combine the peak of plane and I a, the peak intensity of the (112) plane is taken as I B, the peak intensity ratio I B / I a is 3 to 9.
- ⁇ Another example of manufacturing method of light absorption layer (second method)> Can be 3 to 9 the peak intensity ratio I B / I A also moderate the orientation of the light absorbing layer other than the above-mentioned first method.
- a single source complex in which an IB group element, a III-B group element, and a chalcogen element are contained in one organic complex molecule on a substrate 1 having the first electrode layer 2 (an example of a single source complex)
- the first film is formed by depositing a raw material solution containing US Pat. No. 6,992,202 in the form of a film by a spin coater, screen printing, dipping, spraying, a die coater or the like.
- the first film may be a plurality of laminated bodies having different composition ratios.
- a bulky ligand is coordinated at one end, and a bulky ligand is liganded at the other end, and a bulky asymmetric molecular structure
- a bulky asymmetric single source complex for example, one represented by Structural Formula 1 can be mentioned.
- Structural Formula 1 Ph is a phenyl group, Et is an ethyl group, M I is a group IB element, and M III is a group III-B element.
- the first to third steps are carried out in the same manner as in the first method, so that the peak intensity ratio I B / I A is 3 or more and 9 The following first semiconductor layer 3 is obtained.
- the manufacturing method of the photoelectric conversion device according to the embodiment of the present invention was evaluated as follows.
- CIGS was used as the semiconductor layer.
- the raw material solution was prepared as follows.
- a white precipitate was generated by dropping the second complex solution prepared in step [a2] to the first complex solution prepared in step [a1].
- This precipitate contains a mixture of single source complexes as shown in Structural Formula 2 and Structural Formula 3.
- one complex molecule contains Cu, Ga, and Se, or contains Cu, In, and Se.
- Ph is a phenyl group.
- the raw material solution was prepared by adding pyridine as an organic solvent to the precipitate containing the single source complex obtained in the step [a3].
- the first film was heated at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 100 ppmv of water to remove organic components in the first film, thereby forming a second film.
- the second film was heated from 25 ° C. to 400 ° C. in 30 minutes in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, and then mixed with Se vapor to a concentration of 5 ppmv in the atmosphere of hydrogen gas, Furthermore, it heated at 500 degreeC for 1 hour.
- the 1st semiconductor layer as a sample 1 which mainly consists of CIGS was formed.
- step [B3] To the third complex solution prepared in step [b1], the fourth complex solution prepared in step [b2] was dropped to give a white precipitate (precipitate).
- This precipitate contains a mixture of single-source complexes with asymmetric bulk as shown in Structural Formula 4 and Structural Formula 5.
- Structural Formulas 4 and 5 Ph is a phenyl group, and Et is an ethyl group.
- the second raw material solution was applied on the lower electrode layer containing Mo by a blade method to form a first film.
- the first film was heated at 300 ° C. for 10 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 100 ppmv of water to remove organic components in the first film, thereby forming a second film.
- the second film was heated from 25 ° C. to 400 ° C. in 30 minutes in a hydrogen gas atmosphere, and then mixed with Se vapor to a concentration of 5 ppmv in the hydrogen gas atmosphere. The mixture was further heated at 500 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereby, the 1st semiconductor layer as a sample 4 which mainly consists of CIGS was formed.
- the peak intensity of a peak can combine the peak of the peak and (204) plane of the (220) plane in each sample and I A, when the peak intensity of the (112) plane was I B, the peak intensity ratio I B / the I a obtained for each of the samples 1 to 4.
- CdS having a thickness of 50 nm is formed on the first semiconductor layer.
- the 2nd semiconductor layer containing was formed.
- an upper electrode layer containing zinc oxide doped with Al was formed on the second semiconductor layer by a sputtering method.
- the short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency of each photoelectric conversion device thus manufactured were measured using a steady light solar simulator.
- the measurement was performed under the condition where the light irradiation intensity on the light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion device was 100 mW / cm 2 and the air mass (AM) was 1.5.
- the obtained results are shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the peak intensity ratio I B / I A and the short-circuit current density J SC of Samples 1 to 4, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. Further, FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the peak intensity of the samples 1 to 4 ratio I B / I A and the photoelectric conversion efficiency, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of FIG.
- samples 1 and 4 peak intensity ratio I B / I A is in the range of 3 to 9, as compared to the sample 2 and sample 3, have high photoelectric conversion efficiency with a short circuit current density is high And found it to be excellent.
- each graph there are some data having the same sample number, but the data of the same sample number indicates data for a plurality of photoelectric conversion devices manufactured by the same manufacturing method.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る光電変換装置の一例を示す斜視図であり、図2はその断面図である。光電変換装置11は、基板1上に複数の光電変換セル10が並べられて互いに電気的に接続されている。なお、図1においては図示の都合上、2つの光電変換セル10のみを示しているが、実際の光電変換装置11においては、図面左右方向、あるいはさらにこれに垂直な方向に、多数の光電変換セル10が平面的に(二次元的に)配設されていてもよい。
次に、上記光吸収層としての第1の半導体層3の製造方法について説明する。先ず、第1の半導体層3がI-III-VI族化合物を含む光吸収層である場合の例を説明する。第1の電極層2を有する基板1上に、金属元素(I-B族元素およびIII-B族元素)およびカルコゲン元素を含む原料溶液を、スピンコータ、スクリーン印刷、ディッピング、スプレー、ダイコータ等によって膜状に被着させることによって、金属元素およびカルコゲン元素を含む第1の皮膜を形成する。なお、カルコゲン元素とは、VI-B族元素のうち、S、Se、Teをいう。また、第1の皮膜を、上記原料溶液を用いた皮膜形成を繰り返して複数層の積層体としてもよい。あるいは、第1の皮膜を、異なる組成の原料溶液を用いて皮膜形成をすることによって、組成の異なる複数層の積層体としてもよい。
上記の第1の方法以外にも光吸収層の配向性を適度にしてピーク強度比IB/IAを3以上9以下にすることができる。例えば、第1の電極層2を有する基板1上に、I-B族元素、III-B族元素およびカルコゲン元素が1つの有機錯体分子中に含まれる単一源錯体(単一源錯体の例としては米国特許第6992202号明細書を参照)を含む原料溶液を、スピンコータ、スクリーン印刷、ディッピング、スプレー、ダイコータ等によって膜状に被着することによって第1の皮膜を形成する。この第1の皮膜は、異なる組成比の複数の積層体であってもよい。
まず、原料溶液を以下のようにして調整した。
次に、ガラス基板の表面に、Moを含む下部電極層が成膜されたものを用意した。そして、窒素ガスの雰囲気下において下部電極層の上に上記原料溶液をブレード法によって塗布して、第1の皮膜を形成した。
上記試料1の第1の半導体層の作製と同様にして、Moを含む下部電極層の上に上記原料溶液をブレード法によって塗布して、第1の皮膜を形成した。
ガラス基板の表面に、Moを含む下部電極層が成膜されたものを用意した。そして、この下部電極層の上に、CuとInとGaとSeとを蒸着してCIGSから成る、試料3としての第1の半導体層を形成した。
第1の皮膜の形成において、上記原料溶液に代えて以下の第2の原料溶液を用いた。第2の原料溶液の作製は以下のようにして作製した。
次に、上述のように作製された試料1~試料4としての第1の半導体層の上に、第2の半導体層と上部電極層とを順に形成して、光電変換装置を作製した。
2、2a、2b:下部電極層
3:第1の半導体層
4:第2の半導体層
5:上部電極層
7:接続導体
8:集電電極
10:光電変換セル
11:光電変換装置
Claims (7)
- 光吸収層にカルコパイライト系化合物を含む光電変換装置であって、
前記光吸収層は、X線回折における(220)面のピークおよび(204)面のピークが合わさってできるピークのピーク強度をIAとし、(112)面のピーク強度をIBとしたときに、ピーク強度比IB/IAが3以上9以下であることを特徴とする光電変換装置。 - 前記カルコパイライト系化合物はI-III-VI族化合物である、請求項1に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記I-III-VI族化合物は、I-B族元素として銅を、III-B族元素としてインジウムおよびガリウムを、VI-B族元素としてセレンを含む、請求項2に記載の光電変換装置。
- 前記カルコパイライト系化合物は酸素元素をさらに含んでいる、請求項2または3に記載の光電変換装置。
- 金属元素およびカルコゲン元素を含む第1の皮膜を用意する工程と、
該第1の皮膜を水または酸素を含む雰囲気で加熱して第2の皮膜を作製する工程と、
該第2の皮膜を非酸化性雰囲気で加熱した後、カルコゲン元素を含む雰囲気で加熱して請求項1に記載の光吸収層にする工程と
を具備する光電変換装置の製造方法。 - 前記金属元素としてI-B族元素およびIII-B族元素を用いる、請求項5に記載の光電変換装置の製造方法。
- 前記カルコゲン元素を含む雰囲気として、カルコゲン蒸気を含む雰囲気を用いた後、カルコゲン化水素を含む雰囲気を用いる、請求項5または6に記載の光電変換装置の製造方法。
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Citations (2)
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JPH1088320A (ja) * | 1996-09-10 | 1998-04-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体薄膜の製造方法 |
JP2001053314A (ja) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-02-23 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 化合物半導体膜の製造方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-08-17 WO PCT/JP2012/070898 patent/WO2013038870A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-08-17 US US14/345,221 patent/US20140345693A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-08-17 JP JP2013533581A patent/JP5813120B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
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JPH1088320A (ja) * | 1996-09-10 | 1998-04-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 半導体薄膜の製造方法 |
JP2001053314A (ja) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-02-23 | Central Glass Co Ltd | 化合物半導体膜の製造方法 |
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