WO2013024621A1 - リチウムイオン電池 - Google Patents
リチウムイオン電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013024621A1 WO2013024621A1 PCT/JP2012/065090 JP2012065090W WO2013024621A1 WO 2013024621 A1 WO2013024621 A1 WO 2013024621A1 JP 2012065090 W JP2012065090 W JP 2012065090W WO 2013024621 A1 WO2013024621 A1 WO 2013024621A1
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- lithium
- positive electrode
- composite oxide
- manganese composite
- ion battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion battery.
- lithium-ion batteries have been applied to small batteries such as mobile phones and notebook computers, as well as industrial batteries that are combined with primary batteries such as batteries for motorcycles and electric vehicles, and solar batteries and wind power generators. Is underway. In such a large application, since the cell size and the number of stacked layers are remarkably increased and the battery capacity is remarkably increased as compared with the conventional small application, the safety and cost are more important. From such a viewpoint, it has been attempted to apply a lithium manganese composite oxide to a positive electrode material.
- Lithium manganese composite oxide is known as a highly safe positive electrode material because its oxygen desorption start temperature during charging is higher than that of layered lithium nickelate or lithium cobaltate.
- the main component manganese is more abundant in resources and cheaper than nickel and cobalt, and thus has a great merit especially in large-sized applications.
- the discharge potential rises to the 4.5 to 5 V region (vs. Li / Li +) by substituting a part of manganese in the crystal structure with another transition metal such as nickel.
- 5V class positive electrode high energy density can be achieved.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method of modifying a bismuth compound on the surface of a lithium manganese composite oxide.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a lithium manganese composite oxide in which an Al 2 O 3 layer obtained from an aluminum alkoxide solution is formed on the surface.
- an object of the present embodiment is to provide a lithium ion battery using a lithium manganese composite oxide, in which elution of manganese and an increase in resistance are suppressed, and a lithium ion battery excellent in life characteristics at high temperatures is provided. is there.
- a lithium ion battery comprising at least a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solution
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium manganese composite oxide
- the positive electrode includes a bismuth oxide and a metal compound attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide
- the metal compound is a lithium ion battery characterized in that the elution rate of metal in the electrolytic solution is smaller than the elution rate of manganese of the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- One of the embodiments is a lithium ion battery including at least a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte solution,
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium manganese composite oxide
- the positive electrode includes a bismuth oxide and a metal compound attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide,
- the metal compound is a lithium ion battery comprising one or more selected from TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , AlF 3 , and BiF 3 .
- the present embodiment it is possible to provide a lithium ion battery using a lithium manganese composite oxide, in which elution of manganese and increase in resistance are suppressed, and the lithium ion battery having excellent life characteristics at high temperatures can be provided.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an XRD pattern of TiO 2 obtained in Production Example 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the manganese elution amount in electrolyte solution. It is a figure which shows the result of having investigated the elution speed V (micromol / min) in electrolyte solution about each material. It is a figure which shows the result measured about the capacity
- the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material and an electrolytic solution.
- the positive electrode active material is made of a lithium manganese composite oxide.
- the positive electrode includes a bismuth oxide and a metal compound attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide. Further, the metal compound has a metal elution rate in the electrolytic solution smaller than the manganese elution rate of the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- Elution of the metal compound is reduced by attaching a metal compound, which has a metal elution rate lower than the elution rate of manganese in the lithium manganese composite oxide, to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- a metal compound which has a metal elution rate lower than the elution rate of manganese in the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- elution of manganese can be effectively suppressed for a long time.
- bismuth oxide in the positive electrode active material layer an increase in resistance of the lithium ion battery cell can be suppressed even when manganese is eluted in the electrolytic solution.
- lithium manganese composite oxide for example, a so-called 4V class manganese spinel represented by the following formula (1) can be used.
- lithium manganese composite oxide for example, it is preferable to use a spinel type lithium manganese composite oxide represented by the following formula (2), which exhibits a discharge potential of 4.5 V or more with respect to lithium.
- M is selected from Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, and Cu, and indicates at least one metal containing Ni.
- A represents at least one element selected from Si, Ti, Mg, and Al.
- lithium manganese composite oxides it is particularly preferable to use 5V class manganese spinel.
- 5V class manganese spinel When 5V class manganese spinel is used, the effect of the present invention is particularly remarkably obtained.
- the lithium ion battery of this embodiment includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by forming a positive electrode active material layer including a positive electrode active material, a conductivity-imparting agent, and a binder on a current collector.
- Examples of the conductivity-imparting agent include carbon materials.
- Examples of the carbon material include graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- a metal material such as Al, a conductive oxide powder, or the like can be used.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide and the like can be used.
- the current collector is not particularly limited, but Al, nickel, copper, silver, or an alloy thereof is preferable from the viewpoint of electrochemical stability.
- Examples of the shape include foil, flat plate, and mesh.
- Examples of the method for forming the positive electrode active material layer include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method. After forming a positive electrode active material layer in advance, a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a positive electrode current collector.
- the content of the conductivity-imparting agent is preferably about 1 to 10% by mass in the positive electrode active material layer. Further, the content of the binder is preferably about 1 to 10% by mass in the positive electrode active material layer. If it exists in such a range, the ratio of the amount of active materials in a positive electrode active material layer can fully be ensured, and sufficient capacity
- the metal compound that can be used in the present embodiment is a material whose metal elution rate in the electrolytic solution used is smaller than the manganese elution rate of the lithium manganese composite oxide used.
- the metal elution rate is preferably small, and a material having low reactivity with HF present in the electrolyte is particularly preferable.
- the metal compound for example, TiO 2, Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2, Cr 2 O 3, IrO 2, Ta 2 O 5, WO 3, HfO 2, PdO, and oxides such as RuO 2, AlF 3,
- fluorides such as BiF 3 , MgF 3 , ZrF 4 , ZnF 2 and CrF 3 , and compounds of these and lithium.
- it is preferably made of TiO 2, Al 2 O 3, ZrO 2, AlF 3, and one or more selected from BiF 3.
- these are advantageous in terms of cost because they can be obtained relatively easily by a wet method or the like.
- the metal compound used in the present embodiment when selecting the metal compound used in the present embodiment, it can be selected by actually measuring the elution rate in the electrolytic solution actually used and comparing it with the value of the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- the elution rate is determined by immersing a target metal compound (particulate (including powder), etc.) in an electrolytic solution at a predetermined temperature and measuring the concentration of metal ions dissolved in the electrolytic solution after a predetermined time. be able to.
- the metal ion concentration in the electrolytic solution can be analyzed by, for example, ICP emission spectroscopic analysis or atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis.
- the metal compound used for the measurement has the same or similar grain size, crystallinity, and form as those attached to the actual positive electrode active material surface.
- the elution amount of each metal ion can be measured by immersing the metal compound alone or coexisting with the positive electrode active material in the electrolytic solution. Or each metal ion elution amount can be calculated
- the temperature condition is, for example, room temperature or 60 ° C.
- the manganese elution rate of the lithium manganese composite oxide can also be measured in advance using the electrolytic solution actually used for the battery in the same manner as described above. When actual measurement is difficult, it is possible to estimate to some extent from the standard free energy of generation of each material.
- the metal compound can be attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide, for example, in a granular or film form. From the viewpoint of being easily attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide, the metal compound is preferably granular.
- Examples of the method for attaching the metal compound to the lithium manganese composite oxide include, for example, a sol-gel method using a precursor solution, a neutralization method, a solution reaction method such as a hydrothermal method, spray coating of a colloidal dispersion, A wet method such as a heteroaggregation method using a difference in surface charge, a solid phase method using powder mixing, or the like can be used.
- the hetero-aggregation method is, for example, a method in which particles of lithium manganese composite oxide are added to a dispersion of metal compound particles and adhered by aggregating different particles using the difference in surface charge.
- heat treatment can be performed, for example, in an oxidizing atmosphere of 500 to 800 ° C. for 30 minutes to 3 hours. By this heat treatment, the metal compound can be more firmly attached to the positive electrode surface.
- the content of the metal compound is preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 13 parts by mass or less, and 0.3 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the lithium manganese composite oxide. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less.
- By setting the content of the metal compound to 13 parts by mass or less it is easy to make the battery capacity within an appropriate range.
- By setting the content of the metal compound to 0.2 parts by mass or more elution of manganese can be suppressed more effectively.
- Bismuth oxide in the present embodiment for example, Bi 2 O 3, Bi 2 O, BiO, Bi 2 O 4, Bi 3 O 5, a Bi 2 O 5.
- the bismuth oxide a crystalline one, an amorphous one, or one having both crystalline and non-crystalline can be used. Of these, Bi 2 O 3 is preferred. Bi 2 O 3 is excellent in thermal stability and can be synthesized relatively easily.
- the bismuth oxide only needs to be contained in the positive electrode active material layer, and can be contained, for example, in the positive electrode slurry.
- the content of the bismuth oxide is preferably 0.3 parts by mass or more and 5.0 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the lithium manganese composite oxide, and is 0.5 parts by mass or more and 3.0 parts by mass. It is more preferable to set it as a part or less. If content of bismuth oxide is 3.0 mass parts or less, it will be easy to make battery capacity into an appropriate range. If content of bismuth oxide is 0.3 mass part or more, the increase in resistance can be suppressed more effectively.
- the average particle diameter (volume average) of the bismuth oxide is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter (volume average) of the bismuth oxide is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the particles do not become excessively aggregated and are easily dispersed uniformly in the positive electrode active material layer. If the average particle diameter (volume average) of the bismuth oxide is 5.0 ⁇ m or less, it can be expected that the increase in resistance is more effectively suppressed.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as lithium ions can be inserted during charging and desorbed during discharging, and known materials can be used.
- Specific examples of the negative electrode active material include, for example, carbon materials such as graphite, coke, and hard carbon, lithium alloys such as lithium-aluminum alloy, lithium-lead alloy, and lithium-tin alloy, lithium metal, Si, SnO 2 , and SnO. , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 3 , SiO and the like, and a metal oxide whose potential is lower than that of the lithium manganese composite oxide material.
- the negative electrode active material layer can be obtained, for example, by forming a negative electrode slurry obtained by mixing a negative electrode active material, a conductivity-imparting agent, and a binder on a current collector.
- the conductivity-imparting agent include carbon materials and conductive oxide powders.
- the binder a resin binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride can be used.
- the current collector a metal thin film mainly composed of Cu or the like can be used.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and for example, a cellulose membrane can be used in addition to a polyolefin microporous membrane such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- Electrolyte for example, a liquid electrolyte can be used.
- a solvent also referred to as a non-aqueous electrolytic solvent
- those usually used in the electrolytic solution may be used.
- carbonates, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, nitriles and the like are preferable. It is done.
- carbonates include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate; and dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and the like.
- a non-aqueous electrolysis solvent can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the high dielectric constant solvent is at least one of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), etc.
- the low viscosity solvent is diethyl carbonate (DEC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- esters and the like and a mixture thereof are preferably used.
- what substituted a part of functional group of these solvents with fluorine can be used.
- a lithium salt can be used as the supporting salt.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 CO 3 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2, LiB 10 Cl 10, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium carboxylate, chloroborane lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiSCN, LiCl, Li Examples include imide salts.
- the lithium salt concentration is, for example, 0.5 mol / l to 1.5 mol / l. If it is this range, it will be easy to implement
- the electrolytic solution contains a fluorine-containing ether represented by the following formula.
- R 1 and R 2 are represented by CH m F 3-m (m is an integer of 0 to 3), and R 3 and R 4 are CH n F 2-n (n is 0 to 2). And at least one of R 1 to R 4 contains at least one fluorine atom.
- additives can be contained in the electrolytic solution.
- the additive include aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate, ⁇ -lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME).
- cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethyl monoglyme, phosphorus Acid triester, trimethoxymethane, dioxolane derivative, sulfolane, methylsulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetra Hydrofuran derivatives, ethyl ether, 1,3-propane sultone, anisole, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like can be mentioned.
- These additives can form a film that suppresses the reaction with the electrolytic solution on the surface of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode.
- Electrolyte composition and lithium salt concentration may be appropriately selected and adjusted in consideration of the environment in which the battery is used, optimization for battery applications, and the like.
- the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment can be manufactured, for example, by the following process. First, in a dry air or inert gas atmosphere, a negative electrode and a positive electrode are laminated via a separator to obtain a laminate. After winding this laminated body, it accommodates in exterior containers, such as a can case, and inject
- the configuration and shape of the lithium ion battery of the present embodiment are not particularly limited, and may take the form of, for example, a positive electrode opposed to a separator, a wound type wound with a negative electrode, or a stacked type. Only. Moreover, the lithium ion battery of this embodiment can take forms, such as a coin type, a laminate pack, a square cell, and a cylindrical cell.
- a lithium ion battery comprising at least a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material and an electrolyte
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium manganese composite oxide
- the positive electrode includes a bismuth oxide and a metal compound attached to a part of the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide
- the metal compound is a lithium ion battery comprising one or more selected from TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , AlF 3 , and BiF 3 .
- metal compound particles composed of one or more selected from TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , AlF 3 , and BiF 3 are used, elution of manganese can be suppressed more effectively.
- the bismuth component appropriately dissolved in the electrolytic solution is deposited on the negative electrode to form a lithium ion conductive compound, even if manganese elution occurs. Even so, it is considered that the increase in resistance of the lithium ion battery can be effectively suppressed.
- Example 1 LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.37 Ti 0.13 O 4 (hereinafter referred to as 5V class manganese spinel) was used as the lithium manganese composite oxide. Then, was deposited TiO 2 using a sol-gel method on the surface of the lithium manganese composite oxide.
- 5V class manganese spinel LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.37 Ti 0.13 O 4
- Titanium tetrabutoxide (Ti (OC 4 H 9 ) 4 a first grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, hereinafter referred to as TBT
- TBT Titanium tetrabutoxide
- FIG. 1 shows the XRD pattern of the obtained TiO 2 .
- Example 1 A lithium ion battery cell was produced using the TiO 2 -attached 5V class manganese spinel obtained in Production Example 1, and the capacity retention rate after the charge / discharge cycle and the change in impedance were measured.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the obtained positive electrode slurry was applied on an aluminum metal foil (thickness 20 ⁇ m) serving as a positive electrode current collector, and then NMP was evaporated to form a positive electrode active material layer having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m.
- the negative electrode was cut into a shape in which a negative electrode active material layer of 30 mm ⁇ 14 mm and a current collector of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm extended to the right short side portion thereof.
- the positive electrode was cut into a shape in which a positive electrode active material layer of 28 mm ⁇ 13 mm and a current collector of 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm extended to the left short side portion thereof.
- the cut-out negative electrode and positive electrode were laminated via a separator.
- a tab with an aluminum sealant having a width of 5 mm, a length of 20 mm, and a thickness of 0.1 mm is used as a positive electrode current collector
- a tab with a nickel sealant of the same size is used as a negative electrode current collector
- the tab and the current collector are electrically connected. So as to be connected to each other by ultrasonic welding.
- An aluminum laminate film made of 70 mm ⁇ 70 mm polypropylene and aluminum foil with a thickness of 125 ⁇ m was used as the battery cell outer package.
- the aluminum laminate film was folded in two, the laminate was inserted, and the sides excluding one side into which the electrolyte solution was injected were bonded by thermal fusion. Then, after injecting electrolyte solution and making it impregnate under reduced pressure, the laminated part type lithium ion battery cell was produced by vacuum-sealing an opening part.
- Cycle evaluation conditions were a charge rate of 1.0 C, a discharge rate of 1.0 C, a charge end voltage of 4.75 V, and a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V at a temperature of 45 ° C.
- Fig. 4 shows the capacity retention ratio after the cycle
- Figs. 5 and 6 show the changes in the impedance before and after the cycle (at 4.75 V charge).
- Example 1 A lithium ion battery cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that untreated 5V class manganese spinel was used instead of the TiO 2 -attached 5V class manganese spinel.
- the lithium ion battery of this embodiment has a good capacity retention rate after the charge / discharge cycle.
- the lithium ion battery of this embodiment can suppress an increase in cell resistance after cycling.
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Abstract
Description
正極活物質を含む正極と、電解液と、を少なくとも備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記正極活物質がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物であり、
前記正極は、ビスマス酸化物と、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面の一部に付着する金属化合物と、を含み、
前記金属化合物は、前記電解液中での金属の溶出速度が前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物のマンガンの溶出速度よりも小さいことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池である。
前記正極活物質がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物であり、
前記正極は、ビスマス酸化物と、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面の一部に付着する金属化合物と、を含み、
前記金属化合物は、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、AlF3、及びBiF3から選ばれる1種または2種以上からなることを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池である。
リチウムマンガン複合酸化物としては、例えば、下記式(1)で表される、いわゆる4V級マンガンスピネルを用いることができる。
負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを充電時に挿入、放電時に脱離することができれば、特に限定されるものでなく、公知のものを用いることができる。負極活物質の具体例としては、例えば、黒鉛、コークス、ハードカーボン等の炭素材料、リチウム-アルミニウム合金、リチウム-鉛合金、リチウム-錫合金等のリチウム合金、リチウム金属、Si、SnO2、SnO、TiO2、Nb2O3、SiO等が挙げられ、電位がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物質に比べて卑な金属酸化物が挙げられる。
セパレータとしては、特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系微多孔膜のほか、セルロース膜を用いることができる。
電解質としては、例えば、液状の電解液を用いることができる。
正極活物質を含む正極と、電解質と、を少なくとも備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記正極活物質がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物であり、
前記正極は、ビスマス酸化物と、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面の一部に付着する金属化合物と、を含み、
前記金属化合物は、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、AlF3、及びBiF3から選ばれる1種または2種以上からなることを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池である。
実施例1では、リチウムマンガン複合酸化物としてLiNi0.5Mn1.37Ti0.13O4(以下、5V級マンガンスピネルと記す)を用いた。そして、リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面にTiO2をゾルゲル法を用いて付着させた。
TiO2の前駆物質としてチタンテトラブトキシド(Ti(OC4H9)4、和光純薬工業製一級試薬、以下、TBTと称す)を使用した。TBT2mlと酢酸5mlの混合液を氷水中で撹拌しながら水48mlを滴下し、3時間撹拌した。その後、5V級マンガンスピネルの粉末を添加し、氷水中で24時間撹拌を続けた後、95℃のオーブンに移し乾燥させた。得られたゲル状の試料を600℃(大気雰囲気)で2時間焼成して粉末サンプルを得た。
マンガン溶出量は、電解液に浸漬した5V級マンガンスピネルのマンガン溶出量を調べることにより評価した。電解液(1M LiPF6、エチレンカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート=40:60)をネジ口耐圧瓶に40mlを入れ、5V級マンガンスピネル粉末100mgを添加して十分に分散させた後、密閉し、予め所定60℃に昇温したオーブンで20時間保持した。その後、試料溶液をメンブランフィルターでろ過し、得られたろ液中のマンガン濃度をICP-MSで定量することにより、マンガン溶出量を測定した。結果を図2に示した。また、スピネル表面に付着させたTiO2の電解液中への溶出量についても、マンガンと同様にICP-MS分析により調べた。
未処理の5V級マンガンスピネルについて、実施例1と同様に、電解液中のマンガン溶出量を評価した。
5V級マンガンスピネルの表面に、SnO(高純度化学工業製)をメノウ乳鉢を用いて乾式混合した後、および600℃で2時間焼成することによりにより付着させ、実施例1と同様に、電解液中のマンガン溶出量を評価した。スピネル表面に付着させたSnOの電解液中への溶出量についても、マンガンと同様にICP-MS分析により調べた。
5V級マンガンスピネル表面に付着させる金属化合物の選定に際し、表1に示す各材料の単独での電解液中の溶出速度V(μmol/min)を調べ、図3に示した。なお、Bi2O3のBiの溶出速度も図3に示した。
製造例1で得られたTiO2付着5V級マンガンスピネルを用いて、リチウムイオン電池セルを作製し、充放電サイクル後の容量維持率、およびインピーダンスの変化を測定した。
Bi2O3を1質量%の含有量で含むTiO2付着5V級マンガンスピネルを、導電性付与剤としてのカーボンブラックと乾式混合した。この混合物を、バインダーとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)を溶解させたN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)中に均一に分散させ、正極スラリーを調製した。
作製したラミネート型のリチウムイオン電池セルを用いて高温サイクル特性を評価した。
TiO2付着5V級マンガンスピネルの代わりに未処理の5V級マンガンスピネルを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン電池セルを作製し、評価した。
Claims (10)
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、電解液と、を少なくとも備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記正極活物質がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物であり、
前記正極は、ビスマス酸化物と、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面の一部に付着する金属化合物と、を含み、
前記金属化合物は、前記電解液中での金属の溶出速度が前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物のマンガンの溶出速度よりも小さいことを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。 - 前記金属化合物が、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、AlF3、及びBiF3から選ばれる1種または2種以上からなる請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、電解液と、を少なくとも備えるリチウムイオン電池であって、
前記正極活物質がリチウムマンガン複合酸化物であり、
前記正極は、ビスマス酸化物と、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物の表面の一部に付着する金属化合物と、を含み、
前記金属化合物は、TiO2、Al2O3、ZrO2、AlF3、及びBiF3から選ばれる1種または2種以上からなることを特徴とするリチウムイオン電池。 - 前記金属化合物が粒状である請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記ビスマス酸化物と前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物が粒状である請求項4に記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記金属化合物の含有量が、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物100質量部に対して0.2質量部以上、13質量部以下である請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記ビスマス酸化物がBi2O3で表される請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記ビスマス酸化物の含有量が、前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物100質量部に対して0.3質量部以上、5.0質量部以下である請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池。
- 前記リチウムマンガン複合酸化物が、下記式(1)で表され、リチウムに対して4.5V以上の放電電位を示すスピネル型リチウムマンガン複合酸化物である請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池;
Lia(MbMn2-b-cAc)O4 (1)
(式(1)において、0.8<a<1.2、0.4<b<0.6、0≦c≦0.3である。MはNi、Co、Fe、Cr、及びCuから選ばれ、少なくともNiを含む一種以上の金属を示す。AはSi、Ti、Mg、Alから選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を示す。)。 - 前記電解液が、下記式で示されるフッ素含有エーテルを含む請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン電池;
R1-R3-O-CH2-R4-R2 (2)
(式(2)において、R1及びR2はCHmF3-m(mは0~3の整数)で表され、R3及びR4はCHnF2-n(nは0~2の整数)で表され、R1乃至R4のうち少なくとも1つは少なくとも1つのフッ素原子を含有する。)。
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