WO2013008886A1 - Rfidタグ移動識別方法及びrfidタグ移動識別プログラム - Google Patents
Rfidタグ移動識別方法及びrfidタグ移動識別プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013008886A1 WO2013008886A1 PCT/JP2012/067832 JP2012067832W WO2013008886A1 WO 2013008886 A1 WO2013008886 A1 WO 2013008886A1 JP 2012067832 W JP2012067832 W JP 2012067832W WO 2013008886 A1 WO2013008886 A1 WO 2013008886A1
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- rfid
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- moving
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10366—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the interrogation device being adapted for miscellaneous applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/52—Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S13/505—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target using Doppler effect for determining closest range to a target or corresponding time, e.g. miss-distance indicator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
- G01S13/78—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted discriminating between different kinds of targets, e.g. IFF-radar, i.e. identification of friend or foe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program, and more particularly to an RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program using a general RFID reader or antenna.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- RFID tags are increasingly used for many purposes such as high-speed receipt / shipment inspection in warehouses and stores, inventory, theft detection, and product checkout.
- RFID tags other than the intended reading target, such as RFID tags attached to products displayed around the antenna, and a technique for identifying only the RFID tags that have actually moved in front of the antenna is required. It is said that.
- the reception information from the RFID tag is associated with the time information, and the data generation means for generating a plurality of sets of the scan angle of the scan antenna and the time information when the reception information is received, and the data generation means Using the data, a linear approximation line indicating the relationship between the scan angle and the time-lapse information is obtained, and the moving direction of the mobile body to which the RFID tag is attached is detected from the inclination of the linear approximation line, or the movement A technique is known in which the moving direction of a moving body to which the RFID tag is attached is detected by obtaining the moving locus of the body, and the moving direction of the moving body to which the RFID tag is attached is detected (Patent Document 1). .
- a distance measuring device that performs processing for receiving reflected signals transmitted from a plurality of different carrier frequencies from the reflector
- the reflected signal transmitted from the reflector is analyzed by analyzing the reflected signal.
- a technique that includes a distance calculation unit that calculates the distance to the distance measurement device and calculates the distance between the reflector and the distance measurement device with higher accuracy (Patent Document 2).
- a technique is known that uses a special antenna in which the antenna is arranged obliquely rather than horizontally in the moving direction of the RFID tag or the direction of the output radio wave is distorted (Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 requires a special antenna called a scan antenna. Since the configuration is complicated, there is a disadvantage that it cannot be applied to a general-purpose device configuration using a general RFID reader and a general antenna.
- the technique of Patent Document 2 requires a special reader that performs radio wave transmission at two different frequencies in order to measure the distance to a certain tag.
- the technology of Patent Document 3 requires the use of a special antenna in which the antenna is arranged obliquely rather than horizontally in the direction of movement of the RFID tag or the direction of the output radio wave is distorted. May not be suitable for small places.
- the radio wave reception intensity from the RFID tag may change even if a person or an object moves just in front of the antenna. Therefore, erroneous detection may occur in the method of determining movement only by its rise or fall.
- a method of reading only a desired RFID tag by narrowing the reading range by adjusting the radio wave output intensity or the hardware of the antenna may be taken, but the merit of reading a long distance / multiple tags is impaired.
- RFID tags located far away may be read unexpectedly due to multipath fading of radio waves.
- a method of determining movement is taken when a difference in reading time between each antenna occurs by setting a distance between the two antennas or by installing them at an angle. An installation space is required to provide a distance or angle between the antennas.
- a tag or the like positioned between two antennas may be erroneously determined to move due to irregular reflection of radio waves due to movement of a person or an object.
- UHF band RFID which is excellent for reading long-distance / multiple RFID tags, has a problem of “over-reading” in which an undesired RFID tag is also read.
- the object of the present invention is to move in front of the antenna by the time series data of the radio wave reception intensity, phase and Doppler frequency of the reading RFID tag obtained from a general RFID reader and a general antenna without depending on the model or the like.
- An RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program capable of identifying an RFID tag and an RFID tag that remains stationary even when only one antenna is used are provided.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program that can operate on a computer device or an RFID reader.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program capable of operating on a computer device or an RFID reader as middleware for transmitting identification information to another application. It is in.
- the object is to identify a moving RFID tag among a plurality of RFID tags using a plurality of RFID tags and an RFID reader that receives radio waves from the plurality of RFID tags.
- the RFID reader acquires time series read data of a plurality of RFID tags including a moving RFID tag and a stationary RFID tag, and the plurality of read plurality of RFID tags are read by a stationary RFID tag filter based on a certain parameter.
- the stationary RFID tag is specified from the information of the RFID tag, and the moving RFID tag can be identified from the plurality of RFID tags.
- the stationary RFID tag filter includes the following steps (1) to (6): An individual stationary RFID tag filter comprising any of the above, and the stationary RFID An RFID tag is characterized in that a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag are identified using at least one individual stationary RFID tag filter among the plurality of individual stationary RFID tag filters, and the moving RFID tag is identified. Movement identification method; (1). (2) calculating the number of readable times per second using a function with the number of tags being read as a variable, and identifying the number based on comparison with the number of times read by the RFID reader; Identifying a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag by time series analysis of radio wave reception intensity; (3).
- the radio wave reception intensity time-series data of the RFID tag read by the RFID reader has a valley shape, that is, when a point with a high radio wave reception intensity occurs, the time series data goes back to the predetermined time series data and another radio wave reception intensity is high. Determining whether or not there is a high point, and determining that there is a high point; (4).
- the RFID tag, the RFID antenna, and the RFID reader can read and identify time-series data without depending on the model or the like.
- the stationary RFID tag filter identifies a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag using at least one individual stationary RFID tag filter among the plurality of individual stationary RFID tag filters, and identifies the moving RFID tag.
- the stationary RFID tag can be identified from a plurality of viewpoints, and the mobile RFID tag can be identified with high accuracy.
- one or more individual stationary RFID tag filters are used to identify stationary RFID tags and moving RFID tags, radio waves generated by people and objects, especially metal car carts and carts moving in front of the antenna, etc. Even a stationary RFID tag whose radio wave reception intensity increases or decreases due to irregular reflection or multipath fading, especially when radio waves generated by moving objects or people containing moisture move in front of the antenna, can be identified as a stationary RFID tag. Can do.
- the function with the number of tags being read in (1) as a variable is a power curve function or a polynomial function with the number of tags being read as an independent variable, and the calculated value calculated using this function has a predetermined ratio.
- the threshold value multiplied by is used as a judgment criterion, and can be identified from a stationary tag when the number of readings per second is smaller than the judgment criterion.
- a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag are identified using at least one of a threshold value for the standard deviation value of the phase, binomial test, chi-square test, and G test. It is suitable if it comprises so that the process to perform may be provided.
- the constant parameter is calculated automatically by selecting a starting point and an ending point at the time of movement after moving the experimental RFID tag in advance.
- the optimum parameters are automatically calculated by absorbing differences in the environment such as the RFID reader, antenna, tag, and moving speed, so that parameter setting is facilitated.
- the above-described problem is that the time series read data of a plurality of RFID tags including a moving RFID tag and a stationary RFID tag is transferred to a computer device by a stationary RFID tag filter based on a certain parameter.
- the stationary RFID tag is identified from information of a plurality of RFID tags, and the moving RFID tag is identified from the plurality of RFID tags.
- As a stationary RFID tag filter (1).
- radio wave reception intensity time-series data of the RFID tag read by the RFID reader is valley-shaped, that is, when a point with a high radio wave reception intensity occurs, it goes back to a predetermined time-series data and another radio wave reception intensity is high.
- the entire peak shape indicated by the radio wave reception intensity time series data of the RFID tag, the degree to which the climbing portion of the peak shape is adapted as a linear / nonlinear curve, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the peak shape, and the peak time series (5) a step of discriminating between a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag using at least one of the ratios of points rising from the point A step of identifying a stationary RFID tag and a moving RFID tag by time series analysis of the phase of the carrier wave returned by reflection from the transmission carrier of the RFID reader and the RFID tag, (6).
- An individual stationary RFID tag filter consisting of at least one of the steps of identifying the moving direction by comparing the phase inflection point of the RFID tag response or the Doppler frequency 0 point and the reception point of the peak of the radio wave reception intensity. This is solved by causing the computer apparatus to execute in order. According to the RFID tag movement identification program of the present invention, RFID tag movement identification can be performed as long as the apparatus operates the program.
- a plurality of stationary RFID tag filters it is possible to identify the moving direction of the RFID tag and to perform highly accurate movement identification. Thus, the accuracy of movement determination can be increased.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the cumulative probability and the relative received power in relation to the cumulative probability distribution in the various K and Rayleigh distributions of the Nakagami-Rice distribution. It is Rayleigh fading simulation and is a graph showing the relationship between relative received power and trial times. It is the conceptual diagram which divided the movement type of the RFID tag into four types. It is a graph which shows the judgment base information and filter name for filtering a movement.
- the RFID reader includes an RFID reader / writer.
- the essence of the present invention is an RFID tag movement identification method and an RFID tag movement identification program, which are generally used by an RFID reader 10 that is not dependent on a model and a commonly used antenna 20 that is not dependent on a model.
- RFID tag movement identification method and RFID tag movement identification program for identifying an RFID tag that has moved in front of the antenna 20 and an RFID tag that remains stationary based on the time-series data of the radio wave reception intensity, phase, and Doppler frequency of the read RFID tag It is in.
- the RFID reader 10 searches for an RFID tag by reading and transmitting radio waves between the RFID tags existing around the RFID tag and reads information (data) of the RFID tag.
- the RFID tag movement identification method and the RFID tag movement identification program according to the present invention are performed by controlling the operation of the computer apparatus C that controls the RFID reader 10 or the RFID reader 10. This will be conceptually described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.
- Individual stationary RFID tags as stationary RFID tag filters F can be determined as stationary RFID tags from information of all RFID tags read by the RFID reader 10.
- the mobile RFID tag is identified by removing it with a filter.
- Table 1 is a list of RFID tag filters.
- Known computer devices C include a CPU (not shown) and memory (ROM, RAM, HDD, etc.), Wi-Fi (registered trademark), an input / output antenna connected to Wi-Fi (registered trademark), a power adapter, I / O (output / input) means, a sensor (optical sensor) connected to the I / O (output / input) means, a switch, and the like are provided by the CPU based on the RFID tag movement identification program stored in the memory. , Transmission output, or antenna 20 is controlled.
- the RFID reader 10 of this embodiment is connected to the computer device C.
- the radio wave reception intensity, phase, and Doppler frequency are chronologically chronologically. Is detected, and control is performed so as to recognize the movement and stillness of the RFID tag attached to a person or an article (product).
- RFID tags storing product codes, individual product IDs, and the like for enabling individual identification are attached to people and products (products). What has been identified as a mobile RFID tag by the RFID tag movement identification method and RFID tag movement identification program according to the present invention can be used for the movement, purchase, management, etc. of the person or article (product).
- an RFID tag is attached to a predetermined position (such as a corner) of the shelf in order to specify the shelf position and the position range of each shelf.
- RFID tags are respectively arranged in predetermined portions (for example, corners) constituting one shelf (three-dimensional rectangular parallelepiped region), and the position range of the shelf is specified by the RFID tag. Yes.
- the antenna 20 provided in the RFID reader 10 can always read the stationary RFID tag 32 as shown in FIG. 1.
- a person holding the RFID tag 30 When the object to which the RFID tag 30 is attached passes and is at the position of the stationary RFID tag 31 shown in FIG. 1, it is hidden behind the passing object and cannot be read for a certain period (time). There is.
- a place as indicated by the stationary RFID tag 31 there may be a case where it can be read only for a short period by radio waves reflected on a person or an object (see FIG. 3).
- a stationary RFID tag filter F that is determined to be a stationary RFID tag, which will be described later, and the moving RFID tag is specified except for the stationary RFID tag.
- a stationary RFID tag filter F there is a technique of setting a threshold value for the number of readings during a certain period.
- the number of times that the RFID tag can be read per second is calculated by a wireless function of the RFID reader 10 using, for example, a polynomial function or a power curve function with the number of RFID tags being read as an independent variable. (See FIG. 4).
- the threshold when the number of read RFID tags at a certain point is 20 can be set as A as shown in FIG.
- the stationary RFID tag filter F the radio wave reception intensity time series graph of the RFID tag moved from the property that the radio wave reception intensity from the RFID tag is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the distance, the radio wave radiation characteristic of the antenna 20, etc. is usually a mountain type. Therefore, there is a technology that uses this. For example, in the case of an RFID tag that has moved in front of the antenna 20 as shown in FIG. 5 and an RFID tag that remains stationary, only the moving tag has a mountain shape as shown in FIG. The whole mountain shape and its climbing part are judged by various arithmetic and statistical methods such as the suitability of the linear / non-linear curve, the difference between the maximum and minimum intensity, and the percentage of points rising from the previous point in time series. This makes it possible to specify a stationary RFID tag.
- the stationary RFID tag filter F a person or an object, particularly a car or cart including metal, moves in front of the antenna 20 to cause irregular reflection of radio waves or multipath fading, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 for example, in the case of a place like a stationary RFID tag 31, when radio waves are shielded behind the object and the reception intensity temporarily drops, It may be a mountain-shaped graph such as 6 or later. In this case, it is possible to distinguish from a stationary RFID tag by a technique for detecting a valley shape as shown in FIG. 7 by determining whether there is a point where the radio wave reception intensity is traced back to the previous time axis data. .
- the stationary RFID tag is identified by a technique such as comparing the strength of the RFID reader 10 with the transmission carrier of the RFID reader 10 and the carrier wave returned by reflection from the RFID tag in the RFID reader 10 and the radio wave reception strength of the RFID tag. It is possible. That is, it is possible to detect the phase difference between two carrier waves in the range of 0 to 180 degrees or 0 to 360 degrees.
- This function may be provided as a function of the RFID reader 10 and can be used.
- the phase makes one round each time the distance between the antenna 20 and the RFID tag changes by a quarter wavelength or a half wavelength. For example, in the case of a frequency of 953 MHz, the quarter wavelength is 7.86 cm and the half wavelength is 15.72 cm.
- the phase of the RFID tag that remains stationary does not change, and the RFID tag that has moved will continue to change.
- the wavelength is small compared to the movement distance of a person or an object as in the frequency band
- the phase fluctuates greatly due to a slight movement such as a person shaking hands, and the phase during movement is as shown in the conceptual graph of FIG. 8A. It changes continuously and is distributed uniformly. It is possible to identify a stationary RFID tag by providing a threshold value for the standard deviation value of the difference between the two time series data shown in FIG. 8A, or by a method such as binomial test, chi-square test, or G test.
- the binomial test, chi-square test, and G test can express the ambiguity of identification accuracy that occurs when the number of data is small as probabilities, so the number of readings during movement varies greatly from several to several hundreds depending on the environment. This is a more effective method for reading RFID tags.
- the RFID tag can be identified by a technique using binomial test, chi-square test, G test, or the like.
- FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram more specifically showing the configuration used in the RFID tag movement identification method and the RFID tag movement identification program, which is composed of a computer device (PC) C and an RFID reader 10, which are LLRP (low-level). Level reader protocol) and a protocol (TCP / IP) used on the Internet or an intranet.
- the computer device (PC) C and the RFID reader 10 are general-purpose devices and are not specially formed for the present invention.
- the RFID reader 10 can be connected to a sensor, a switch, Patlite (registered trademark), or the like by general-purpose input / output (GPIO).
- GPIO general-purpose input / output
- the computer device C includes an identification parameter setting tool, an identification parameter storage file, a higher-level application (upper application: performing RFID tag data display and storage), middleware (nice middle), an RFID tag identification engine, etc. It is configured to run on the OS.
- a higher-level application upper application: performing RFID tag data display and storage
- middleware nice middle
- an RFID tag identification engine etc. It is configured to run on the OS.
- FIG. 9A an example in which Windows XP (registered trademark) and Windows 7 (registered trademark) are used as the OS is shown.
- FIG. 9B is a flowchart of a tag information acquisition thread (program) and a moving tag identification thread (program).
- tag information acquisition is performed in steps S10 to S15, a connection process (S10) between the computer apparatus C and the RFID reader 10 is performed, and then radio waves are transmitted from the antenna 20 to generate an RFID tag.
- Reading of information is started (step S11).
- Steps S12 to S15 form a loop.
- step S12 information on the read RFID tag is acquired, and the read information on the RFID tag is stored in a hard disk as a memory (storage medium).
- step S14 the data is held in a RAM (memory) or the like.
- the RFID tag information is for acquiring information such as a reading time history, a reading antenna history, a radio wave reception intensity history, a phase history, and a Doppler frequency history.
- the RFID tag information is used in the determination base data calculation in step S25 in the next mobile tag identification.
- moving tag identification is performed in steps S21 to S32.
- Steps S22 to S32, steps S23 to S31, and steps S24 to S29 are each in a loop, and an identification parameter setting file is stored in step S21.
- a process of reading various parameters in a memory such as a RAM is performed.
- step S23 the movement determination process of the individual RFID tag is performed.
- step S24 a movement determination process during the use data period is performed in step S24.
- step S25 determination base data calculation processing is performed. At this time, the number of readings per second, maximum radio wave reception intensity, maximum-minimum radio wave reception intensity, rate of increase in radio wave reception intensity, maximum radio wave reception intensity during the maximum-period, phase fluctuation chi-square one-sided probability, average Doppler frequency, etc. are calculated. Is done. The process of step S25 at this time will be described later.
- step S26 it is determined whether or not the mobile RFID tag is moving (step S27).
- step S27 Yes
- processing is performed as a mobile tag (step S28).
- step S28 if there is still a determination target tag, the loop processing of steps S23 to S31 is continued. If it is not a mobile RFID tag (step S27: No), the movement determination process is performed by increasing the usage data period by 0.1 second (steps S24 to S29).
- steps S24 to S29 is continued until the usage data period upper limit is reached. If it can be determined that it is stationary, it is processed as a stationary RFID tag in step S30. If there is still a determination target tag, the loop processing of steps S23 to S31 is continued. As described above, steps S22 to S32 are repeated.
- FIG. 10A is a detailed flowchart of the determination base data calculation in step S25.
- Various parameters (the summit period ratio, the Doppler frequency acquisition period ratio, and the pre-period data acquisition period) used in the calculation are read from the setting file into the memory in step S21 (FIG. 9B).
- step S70 various variables used in the calculation process are initialized. Variables that store numerical counts and sums have an initial value of 0. Since the range of values that RSSI can take is about -100 to 30, by storing -999 as an initial value for a variable storing the maximum value and 999 as a variable storing the minimum value, The first comparison operation is always Yes, and the process can be simplified.
- step S71 among the history data held in the memory in step S14, N pieces of target tag / target period data are set as calculation targets.
- N-1 is stored as an initial value in the variable i in step S72, and calculation is performed while subtracting i from N-1 to 0 by 1 in the loop processing in steps S73 to S84. Exit from the loop when i becomes negative.
- step S74 it is determined whether Read_time [i] is data within the peak period based on the peak period ratio parameter. If it is data within the peak period (step S74: Yes), RSSI [i] is used to perform maximum radio wave reception intensity update processing (steps S75, S76), and if it is not within the peak period (step S74: No), the minimum radio wave reception intensity update processing is performed during steps S77 and S78.
- step S81 it is determined whether Read_time [i] is data within the Doppler frequency acquisition period based on the Doppler frequency acquisition period ratio parameter. In the case of determination Yes, the values are added to calculate the average value later, and the counter is incremented by 1 (step S82). In step S83, i is decremented by 1 and the data counter is incremented by 1 for loop end determination.
- step S85 the pre-period data acquisition period parameter data is traced, and the maximum radio wave reception intensity during that period is acquired.
- step S86 various movement determination base data are calculated. Among these, the method of calculating the phase variation chi-square one-sided probability will be described later.
- FIG. 10B is a detailed flowchart of the movement determination in step S26 (FIG. 9B).
- the determination base data D1 to D7 are values calculated in step S25, and the identification parameters P1 to P9 are read from the setting file into the memory in step S21.
- Step S60 is a process of a flicker reading filter, which compares the product of the number of readable times per second calculated by a function with the number of RFID tags being read as an independent variable and P1, and D1.
- the comparison determination is No, it is determined as a stationary tag and the subsequent processing is not performed. In the case of Yes, it progresses to the next determination. This branch is common to the subsequent processing.
- Step S61 is processing of an RSSI absolute value filter.
- Steps S62 and S63 are RSSI non-continuous ascending filter processes.
- Step S64 is processing of the RSSI valley filter.
- Step S65 is a process of a low phase shake filter.
- step S66 it is determined whether or not the vertical direction movement filter is used. If the determination is Yes, step S67, which is the vertical direction movement filter process, is executed. If all the steps up to step S67 are YES, it is determined as a moving tag. If the determination in step S66 is No, it is determined that the tag is a moving tag without executing step S67.
- vertical movement means movement in a direction perpendicular to the radio wave emission surface of the antenna
- horizontal movement means movement in a direction horizontal to the radio wave emission surface.
- the above binomial test can obtain the probability of uniform distribution fairly accurately, but has a drawback that the amount of calculation becomes enormous when the number of data is large.
- the chi-square test and the G test are useful techniques because they require a small amount of calculation and can approximate the binomial test with high accuracy.
- the phase value when the phase value is divided into two groups in the first half and the second half as a result of the movement of a person or the like as shown in FIG. 8B, it may be determined as a uniform distribution and misidentified as a movement tag. .
- FIG. 9C is a flowchart of the chi-square test for explaining the case where the observation frequency is calculated by dividing the data during the period into the first half and the second half, and will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. 9C. The processing of this flowchart is performed for each usage data period of each RFID tag.
- step S40 M phase history data is acquired from the memory during the target period of the target tag. This data has already been obtained by the “read tag information memory holding” process shown in step S14 of the tag information acquisition thread (program) process in FIG. 9B.
- step S40 M phase history data is acquired from the memory during the target period of the target tag. This data has already been obtained by the “read tag information memory holding” process shown in step S14 of the tag information acquisition thread (program) process in FIG. 9B.
- step S40 M phase history data is acquired from the memory during the target period of the target tag. This data has already been obtained by the “read tag information memory holding” process shown in step S14 of the tag information acquisition thread (program) process in FIG. 9B.
- program tag information acquisition thread
- phase history data is stored in arrays Phase_angle [0] to Phase_angle [M-1], and corresponding reading time history data is stored in arrays Read_time [0] to Read_time [M-1].
- the angle is described as [°], not radians.
- the Cos and Sin arguments and the return value of Arctan are also calculated in [°].
- step S43 If it is the first half, the process of step S43 is performed, and if it is the second half, the process of step S44 is performed.
- steps S43 are processes for doubling the original data of 0 to 180 °, converting it to 0 to 360 °, and calculating a unit vector sum having the angle on the xy plane.
- Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior + Sin (Phase_angle [x] * 2) It is.
- step S46 the phase average values of the first half and the second half of the period are obtained by calculating the angle from the x and y coordinates of the previously calculated unit vector sum by the following equation.
- Average_phase_angle_anterior Atan2 (Sum_unit_vector_y_anterior, Sum_unit_vector_x_anterior)
- Average_phase_angle_posterior Atan2 (Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior, Sum_unit_vector_x_posterior)
- Atan2 (y, x) is a function representing the following.
- each phase is divided into data whose difference from the average value is less than 90 ° and other (90 to 180 °) in order to calculate the chi-square value later, and each observation frequency is counted. It is a loop.
- step S48 in order to use another value for the average value in the first half or the second half of the period, it is determined whether it is the first half of the period. If it is the first half, the first half phase average value is stored in the variable Average_pa in step S49, and if it is the second half, the second half phase average value is stored in the variable Average_pa in step S50.
- step S51 it is determined whether the angle difference is smaller than 90 °.
- step S52: Yes the process of step S53 is performed.
- step S52: No the process of step S54 is performed.
- M points are divided into two groups, and the respective observation frequencies are counted (steps S53 and S54).
- step S57 a chi-square value ( ⁇ 2) obtained by dividing the sum of squares of the difference between the expected value and each observation frequency by the expected value is obtained by the following equation.
- ⁇ 2 ((Observed [0]-Expected) ⁇ 2 + (Observed [1]-Expected) ⁇ 2) / Expected
- step S58 the value associated with ⁇ 2 is obtained from the “chi-square distribution table with one degree of freedom” read in the in-memory array Chi_probability [] when the program is started.
- the process of obtaining the phase average value of M data during the target period is performed, and the process of dividing all data into N groups according to the difference from the average is performed.
- the expected value of the frequency of all groups is M / N.
- the chi-square statistic ( ⁇ 2) is calculated from the appearance frequency of each group.
- a process for obtaining a one-sided probability (P) at which the value of the chi-square statistic ( ⁇ 2) occurs with the degree of freedom N ⁇ 1 is performed.
- P one-sided probability
- the preset threshold value is compared with the calculated one-sided probability (P) to determine whether the one-sided probability is greater than the threshold value.
- the one-sided probability (P) is smaller than the threshold, it is determined as a stationary RFID tag, and when it is larger, it is determined as a moving RFID tag.
- FIG. 12B assumes the case of the RFID tag 31 in a stationary place shown in FIG. 1 and actually arranges the RFID tag 31 so that a person who does not have the RFID tag stands in front of the antenna 20 for a long time and shields the radio wave.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing time-series data obtained by measuring the radio wave reception intensity (upper graph) and phase (lower graph: 0 to 180 degrees) of the tag 31 when separated after being performed.
- the radio wave reception intensity peak shape (climbing of the mountain) is detected at the number of times of reading more than a certain number of seconds, but the phase values during and around the period T1 are uniform. Since it is not distributed, when the phase value is not uniformly distributed in this way, it can be identified as a stationary RFID tag.
- the slope of the phase change is opposite between when approaching the antenna 20 and when away from the antenna 20.
- FIG. 11A shows actual time series data of a person walking in the horizontal direction near the antenna with a tag-attached shirt in hand, and is a graph of RSSI, phase, and Doppler frequency from the top.
- the unit of the x-axis is seconds, and the past data is shown as it goes to the left.
- the movement was identified by data in a period (-2.2 to -1.3 seconds) surrounded by two vertical lines on the RSSI graph.
- the peak of RSSI peak occurs around -1.5 seconds in the figure, but the phase inflection point and the Doppler frequency 0 point occur near this point.
- the phase is a function of the radial distance between the tag and the reader antenna, and the direction of change is reversed when approaching and away from the antenna, and the velocity is 0 [m / s].
- An inflection point occurs in the graph at the point. Two points of reading data are required to obtain phase change information, but the change occurs when a movement of 7.86 cm or more (when the frequency is 953 MHz and the phase is 0 to 180 °) occurs between the reading points. There are two directions, and cannot be identified. If the reading point interval is large, such as when the number of simultaneously read tags and the amount of tag response data are large, the correct change direction may not be detected.
- the Doppler frequency represented by the equation (6) can be obtained with one point of read data, the direction of change can be detected by the sign even when moving at high speed.
- the radial moving speed of the tag can be obtained by Expression (7) obtained by modifying Expression (6).
- the unit of the vertical axis of the Doppler frequency graph in FIGS. 11A and 11B is [Hz], but it can be converted to almost [km / h] by multiplying the value by 1.1.
- FIG. 11B is data obtained by walking in the same environment as FIG. 11A from the back side of the antenna to the front side.
- a transition is made from near 180 ° to a point near 0 ° around -1.0 seconds, and a downward line is drawn, but since the phase is periodic data, the slope of the change in this period is actually Is positive. Since the slopes of the two points solidified around -0.9 seconds thereafter are negative, the phase inflection point occurs around -0.95 seconds, and the Doppler frequency near that point is close to zero.
- the peak of RSSI peak occurs around -0.3 seconds, but the phase slope is negative and the Doppler frequency is negative around this point.
- a time difference of about 0.65 seconds occurred from the Doppler frequency 0 point to the occurrence of the RSSI peak.
- FIG. 12A is a graph showing the radio wave reception intensity (upper graph) and phase (lower graph) of the moving tag, and the phase of the moving RFID tag usually continues to fluctuate as shown in this diagram. Further, the RFID tag in a stationary state as shown in FIG. 12B continues to take a constant value as indicated by a circle in the lower graph of this figure.
- This is an example in which a radio wave reception intensity change occurred in a stationary tag that was hidden behind a person because the person moved after staying in front of the antenna for a long time (a part surrounded by a straight line) and was mistakenly recognized as a moving tag. It can be seen that the phase fluctuation during this period is low compared to the real mobile RFID tag above.
- FIG. 12C is a diagram showing a numerical example of phase fluctuation, and as shown in FIG. 12C, the numerical value is between 0 and 100.
- a low value is set for the threshold value of the low phase shake filter, more RFID tags are identified as mobile RFID tags.
- all RFID tags become movement candidate RFID tags (no filter), and when set to 100, all are identified as stationary RFID tags.
- the default value is 5, but can be adjusted as appropriate with the identification parameter setting tool.
- the various stationary RFID tag filters F have the presence / absence of use, the threshold value, etc., the radio wave output and performance of the RFID reader 10, the performance of the antenna 20, the RFID tag, the assumed position of the surrounding stationary RFID tag, the RFID
- the optimum parameters differ depending on the environment such as the number of tags. Because these optimum parameters are different, the RFID tag is moved for confirmation in advance in the actual reading environment, and its behavior and data are collected. Based on these, the difference in the environment is absorbed. It is preferable to obtain optimum parameters.
- FIG. 16A is a conceptual diagram in which the movement types are divided into four types, and FIG. 16B is judgment base information and filter names for filtering each movement.
- the movement is only at a place where the RSSI is high on the antenna radiation pattern as indicated by the broken line arrow at the top of FIG. 16C, and the distance reduction in the antenna radial direction is small. It can often be eliminated by a “continuously rising filter”. Also, the RSSI at a place far from the Friis formula is low, and there is almost no RSSI fluctuation as shown by the Rayleigh distribution or Nakagami-Rice distribution, so the “RSSI absolute value filter” is also effective. . Further, since a far tag is not supplied with sufficient power and is difficult to read, a “chill reading filter” may be useful. On the contrary, when it is desired to detect the movement of the antenna far away, the threshold values of these filters are set softly.
- the RSSI becomes +12 dB by halving the distance, but becomes ⁇ 20 dB from the antenna radiation pattern, and the total ⁇ It becomes 8 dB and can be filtered with the “RSSI non-continuous ascending filter”.
- a filter is performed using the fact that the radial component velocity does not become zero when the RSSI peak apex occurs. The method will be described below.
- FIG. 17A shows a change in radial component velocity when x in FIG. 17A is moved in a range of ⁇ 1.5 [m] to 1.5 [m] at a speed of 1.11 [m / s] (4 km / h). It is.
- the speed in the direction toward the antenna is positive, and the speed in the direction away from the antenna is negative.
- the radial component velocity is 0 [m / s] at the point on the x-axis as in the horizontal movement. Due to the radiation pattern of a normal RFID antenna that is small, the RSSI peak apex is not a place on the x axis but a place like a normal x point. The radial component velocity at that time is positive when the front surface ⁇ back surface movement, and negative when the back surface ⁇ front surface movement.
- the computer device C has a known configuration, and includes a CPU, a storage device (including an external storage device, HDD, RAM, ROM, CD, DVD, BL, other memories including a flash memory, etc.), display , An input unit (keyboard, mouse, touch panel), an output unit (including an output relationship with radio waves, sound waves, light and other communication means) and the like.
- a storage device including an external storage device, HDD, RAM, ROM, CD, DVD, BL, other memories including a flash memory, etc.
- An input unit keyboard, mouse, touch panel
- an output unit including an output relationship with radio waves, sound waves, light and other communication means
- the RFID reader 10 and the computer apparatus C are connected. Then, the signal is received by the antenna 20, and the computer apparatus C is configured to receive information from the RFID reader 10 and control the RFID reader 10.
- the RFID reader 10 is controlled by the computer device C. However, by mounting the same configuration as the computer device C on the RFID reader 10, only the RFID reader 10 is used. Of course, it can be configured to control.
- the RFID tag movement identification program in this embodiment is composed of the following three modules (software: programs). 1. Identification parameter setting tool 2. Mobile tag identification engine LLRP middleware "Nice middle” (Trademark: Same below) These modules (software: programs) operate on the OS, and in this embodiment, operate on Windows XP (registered trademark) or Windows 7 (registered trademark).
- the environment is set with the identification parameter setting tool, then identified with the mobile tag identification engine, and the interface (I / F) with the upper application is used as the front end of the mobile tag identification engine with the LLRP middleware “Nice middle” I will provide a.
- an application having only a function for each purpose is developed. Applications include, for example, receipt / shipment inspection using RFID tags, inventory management, entry / exit management, stolen product detection, audience management, product management, sales management of products and services, and other various types of RFID tags that are generated by the movement of RFID tags. It is possible to build an application that performs management and the like.
- the parameters are set so as to be optimum in the actual environment.
- start the parameter setting tool With this “identification parameter setting tool”, after moving a predetermined RFID tag, determination parameters in the environment can be calculated and set.
- the setting contents are stored in the “identification parameter storage file” and used in the “moving tag identification engine”.
- Some parameters are used only in the “identification parameter setting tool” and not used in the “mobile tag identification engine” (items in blue on the setting screen such as the reader IP address and transmission output). These are configured to be set in the LLRP middleware (nice middle) from the upper application.
- EPC Electronic Product Code
- EPC Electronic Product Code
- the reader IP address, transmission output (radio wave output), wireless channel, antenna number, etc. can be specified.
- the identification option moving identification
- antennas 1 to 4 can be specified.
- a movement identification summary log, a replay log, and a usage parameter backup can be selected.
- the “movement identification parameter” it is possible to narrow down EPCs that are objects of movement identification by setting. The OnMovedTagReport event does not occur in non-target EPCs.
- the usage data period the required number of readings per second (%), the required RSSI (dBm), the required RSSI difference (dB), the RSSI increase required generation ratio (%), the required increment from the maximum RSSI before the period (dB) ), Necessary phase fluctuations can be set.
- the identification target EPC Describing the identification target EPC and the parameter setting for each EPC, the identification target EPC is provided with an entry field. When this entry field is blank, all EPCs are targeted. In the case of entry, the beginning of the EPC is described in hexadecimal.
- up to four different movement identification parameters can be set for each EPC.
- the movement identification parameters for each EPC are provided with columns for entering the EPC head, required RSSI (dBm), required RSSI difference (dB), and required increment (dB) from the maximum RSSI before the period.
- step S101 it is determined whether the identification target EPC is blank. If it is blank (step S101: Yes), in step S102, it is determined which of the EPC heads is based on the identification parameter for each EPC. If it is one of the heads (step S102: Yes), a movement identification execution process is performed using the corresponding parameter of the movement identification parameter for each EPC in step S103. Then, the process returns to step S100 and the next reading tag is processed in the same manner. If it is not blank (step S101: No), it is determined whether it is any one of identification target EPCs in step S104. If it is not one of the identification target EPCs (step S104: No), the process returns to step S100, and the next read tag is processed in the same manner.
- step S104 If it is one of the identification target EPCs (step S104: Yes), the determination of step S102 is performed.
- step S102 the EPC-specific identification parameter is used to determine which of the EPC heads is not, but if it is not any of the heads (step S102: No), in step S105, the movement identification execution process is performed using the movement tag identification parameters. Then, the process returns to step S100 and the next reading tag is processed in the same manner.
- a save button is pressed and saved in an identification parameter save file.
- the screen for identifying the moving tag shown in FIG. 19 the screen is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the upper part is a moving tag field, the stationary tag field, and the lower part is an RFID tag.
- a time series graph of data reception records is displayed.
- This screen also includes an “open / close” button, a “start / stop” button, a “clear” button, and a “replay” button.
- the “replay” button performs a replay function, and can perform operation confirmation (setting content confirmation) after parameter change.
- reading is started by pressing the “Start” button, and the RFID tag identified as moving by the current parameter is identified as stationary in the “Moving Tag” field. Displayed in the “Static Tag” field.
- the moving tag is displayed as a bar graph perpendicular to the start / end points of the usage data period. In this embodiment, the total number of RFID tags displayed on the screen is 2048, but is not limited to this.
- the RFID tag is identified as a stationary RFID tag despite the movement, the RFID tag (red shirt 1 in FIG. 20) is selected from the list as shown in FIG. In this case, right-click and select “Identify this tag as“ move ””. In this way, as shown in FIG. 21A, only the graph of the corresponding RFID tag is displayed at the bottom. Then, the start point and end point of the period to be identified as movement are selected. For mouse selection, left click. At this time, as shown in FIGS. 21A and 21B, it is possible to select a point whose numerical value is displayed at the bottom of the message “Please select a start (end) point”. In this manner, the end point is selected from the start point of the increase in radio wave reception intensity in the range where reading is stably performed. The selection is canceled by double-clicking on an area where there is no point on the graph.
- a parameter change screen is displayed as shown in FIG.
- This parameter change screen shows the value of this RFID tag, the value to be “moved”, the blue column, along with the message “Please change the parameter in the blue column below to identify this tag as“ moved ”” Is displayed, and the required number of readings per second (%), the maximum RSSI (dBm), the RSSI difference (dB), the RSSI increase occurrence required ratio (%), the required increment from the maximum RSSI before the period ( dB), parameters that need to be changed for the usage data period and phase fluctuation are displayed in blue.
- a value to be changed is displayed at the “value for“ movement ”” (in this embodiment, the increment from the maximum RSSI before the period is “12.5 or less”). Then, change the value in the blue column and press the “Save” button.
- the setting is not compatible with the replay of data in which long-term (1 minute or longer) logs are stored, but the present invention is not limited to this. If the antenna number at the time of reading is different from the setting at the time of replay, the graph of the RFID tag selected from the list is not selected, and the settings are used together.
- the “change any” column which is an item to be changed among these items, is displayed in blue, and guidance about a value for “still” is displayed. Therefore, any one or more numerical values are changed to “value for“ still ”” and the “save” button is pressed.
- movement identification is performed by each antenna 20.
- the example shown in FIG. 26 is a case where the same RFID tag passes in front of the antenna 20 (both when there are two). After changing the antenna 20 setting on the movement identification parameter screen, the “close” and then “open” buttons are pressed to reconnect to the RFID reader 10.
- the identification parameter setting tool outputs four log files: a movement identification summary log, a replay log, a usage parameter backup, and an error log. Whether or not to output a movement identification summary log, a replay log, and a usage parameter backup can be set on the “movement identification parameter” screen.
- Movement Identification Summary Log Tag information is saved at the timing when the reading and movement are displayed on the “reading status graph display” screen. The moved tag is first output as “still” and then “moved” is output. Created with the file name of the date and time when the start button is pressed under the. ⁇ LOG directory.
- Output contents are “PC time when tag information is displayed, stationary / movement type, EPC, PCBits, ReaderIp, AntennaId, RSSI, (in case of moving tag, information after 6 in Table 2)
- the middleware used in the present embodiment provides an interface (I / F) function with an upper application as a front end of the mobile tag identification engine.
- a high-level application developer performs development by referring to the mobile tag identification software document and the nice middle user manual, help file, and sample source.
- Impinj Speedway F / W version 3.2.4 (LBT no version), Impinj Speedway Revolution: F / W version 4.6.1 or later (no LBT) is used. Can do.
- An example of the development environment of the OS and higher-level application operating in the present embodiment is the Microsoft Visual Studio (registered trademark) development environment in the Windows XP (registered trademark) or Windows 7 (registered trademark) OS, similarly to the middleware “Nice Middle”.
- the movement identification method of this embodiment basically recognizes a remaining tag as a movement tag after removing a stationary tag from all reading tags.
- all the read tag data obtained by reading all the RFID tags are stationary using a plurality of individual stationary RFID tag filters.
- the identified RFID tag is identified and removed.
- the RFID tag of the movement candidate is narrowed down by the first individual stationary tag filter F (1), and further narrowed down by the second individual stationary RFID tag filter F (2) from the narrowed candidate RFID tag of movement.
- An RFID tag that is a candidate for dust movement is specified.
- a plurality of individual stationary RFID tag filters are used such as an Nth individual stationary RFID tag filter F (N).
- N an individual stationary RFID tag filter
- the RFID tag that is finally moving is specified as the moving RFID tag.
- the identification parameter setting tool As shown in FIG. 14A, the maximum value during the usage data period is acquired from the peak of the latter half of the usage data period, and the minimum value is acquired from the foot of the first half.
- a pre-period maximum value acquisition period can be set, and the movement determination can be made strict by increasing the value of this period. That is, as shown in FIG. 14A, the maximum value is usually a predetermined increment from the maximum value before the period.
- Examples of the individual stationary tag filter in this embodiment include the following. That is, (1) Chira reading filter (the number of readings is less than a threshold during the usage data period), (2) RSSI absolute value filter (maximum RSSI (maximum radio wave reception intensity) is less than a threshold), (3) RSSI discontinuous ascending filter (“maximum-minimum RSSI (radio wave reception intensity)” is less than threshold), (RSSI (radio wave reception intensity) (t)> radio wave reception intensity (t ⁇ 1) or RSSI ( (Radio wave reception intensity) (t) ⁇ occurrence rate of points where radio wave reception intensity (t + 1) is less than threshold), (4) RSSI valley filter (RSSI (valley): increase from maximum radio wave reception intensity before period is less than threshold), (5) Overreading filter (reading still exists X seconds after moving candidate determination (+ X seconds required until moving determination)), (6) Phase fluctuation low filter (the test amount calculated from the phase fluctuation during the period is less than the threshold), It is.
- the number of readings per second during the usage data period is less than the threshold value.
- the number of readings per second will be described.
- the actual reading is performed, and the number of readings per second is measured.
- the graph at this time is a solid line shown in FIG.
- the maximum RSSI (maximum radio wave reception intensity) is less than the threshold value.
- the radio wave reception intensity will be described.
- the theoretical value of the radio wave reception intensity from the RFID tag received by the RFID reader 10 is expressed by the following equation (1).
- the radio wave radiation pattern from the antenna 20 is normally as shown in FIG. 13B.
- the radio wave reception intensity is +12 dB because the linear distance is 1 ⁇ 2. It becomes.
- the radio wave reception intensity increases by 20 dB because the log G reader coefficient is 20. If the value according to the above-mentioned distance is added, a large difference of 32 dB is generated with a tendency continuously.
- multipath fading can be modeled by Nakagami-Rice distribution (when direct wave intensity is stronger than reflected or diffracted wave) or Rayleigh distribution (when direct wave intensity is weak).
- the density function is given by the following equations (3) and (4).
- K a 2 / 2 ⁇ 2 gives the ratio of the direct wave average power (a 2/2) and scattered waves average power ( ⁇ 2).
- r is the signal amplitude.
- the fluctuation of the radio wave reception intensity is the above-mentioned distance and antenna radiation pattern.
- FIG. 15B is a graph simulating a change in received intensity when a fading occurs in a stationary tag due to a person or object passing in front of the antenna, and FIG. 15B is a graph showing a large difference in received intensity. However, it is very rare for the change to occur continuously.
- the RSSI non-continuous ascending filter of (3) above is such that “maximum-minimum RSSI (radio wave reception intensity)” is less than a threshold value, and RSSI (radio wave reception intensity) (t)> radio wave reception intensity (t ⁇ 1).
- the occurrence rate of the point where (radio wave reception intensity) (t) ⁇ radio wave reception intensity (t + 1) is less than the threshold value.
- the increment from the maximum RSSI (radio wave reception intensity) before the period is less than the threshold value.
- FIG. 14B is a graph illustrating this.
- phase fluctuation low filter of the above (6) the verification amount calculated from the phase fluctuation during the period is less than the threshold value.
- the phase will be described.
- the phase can be expressed by the following equation (5).
- ⁇ T Phase that changes when radio wave is transmitted from the reader
- ⁇ R Phase that changes when the tag response wave is received by the reader
- ⁇ TAG Phase that changes internally when tag response is received
- the wavelength ( ⁇ ) is determined by the frequency used, so the phase ⁇ is It becomes a function with only the reader-tag distance (r) as a variable, and becomes a periodic function by taking a remainder at 2 ⁇ (360 degrees).
- the LLRPAgent class when the event is named OnMovedTagReport, the delicate is MovedTagReportHandler, and the moved tag information is passed in the MovedTagData type.
- Public properties include IsPickMovedTag and SyncLocalTime. Set to true when moving tag information is acquired from middleware (nice middle).
- the public property is described based on the difference between the moving RFID tag information (MovedTagData) and the RFID tag information (TagData) in the middleware (Nice middle).
- the “mobile tag identification engine” is operated on the Linux OS (trademark) in the RFID reader, while the “identification parameter setting tool” is operated on the computer apparatus C. is there.
- LLRP middleware is not used, and the mobile tag identification engine directly acquires RFID tag information from the RFID reader SDK.
- the “mobile tag identification engine” can be operated on the Linux OS (trademark) in the RFID reader.
- a stationary RFID tag is arranged around the RFID tag reader.
- the RFID tag is arranged at a position assumed in an actual environment. For example, when an antenna is installed as an anti-theft gate at a sales floor, a setting tool is used in an environment where a product with an RFID tag is placed on a shelf closest to the antenna.
- processing for starting the identification parameter setting tool is performed by an operating means (not shown).
- step S120 the identification parameter storage file stored in the storage device such as the computer device C is read, and reading of the RFID tag is started using the moving tag identification engine (and middleware “Nice middle”). Process.
- the RFID tag is moved by a method in which it is desired to recognize the movement in an environment in which stationary tags are arranged around it.
- the “environment in which stationary tags are arranged around” means that RFID tags are arranged at positions assumed in the actual environment. For example, as described above, when the antenna 20 is installed as a theft gate of a sales floor, the setting tool is used in an environment where a product with an RFID tag is placed on a shelf near the antenna 20. Further, “when it is desired to be identified as moving” means that the object to be read with the RFID tag attached is moved in front of the antenna 20 by an actual moving method (forklift driving or human walking). In such a case, the reading conditions are stricter than usual (high-speed movement near the antenna 20, low-speed movement far from the antenna 20, the fork claws hitting the RFID tag, hiding many RFID tags in the cage, etc. ), And by combining the parameters in such a state, in the case of normal movement, the parameter can be identified with sufficient margin.
- step S140 it is determined whether a stationary RFID tag is erroneously detected as a moving RFID tag. If it is determined that there is an erroneous detection (step S140: Yes), in step S150, an erroneously recognized RFID tag is selected on the screen, and parameters are changed. In step S160, the replay function is activated, and it is confirmed whether the erroneous detection has been eliminated. Then, the process returns to step S130.
- step S140 determines whether the mobile RFID tag is erroneously detected as a stationary RFID tag. If it is determined in step S170 that there is an erroneous detection (step S170: Yes), in step S180, an RFID tag that is erroneously recognized on the screen is selected, and a period to be identified as movement is selected on the graph. In step S190, the parameter is changed to a value in the range calculated by the tool. After this process, in step S210, the replay function is activated and it is confirmed whether the erroneous detection has been eliminated. Then, the process returns to step S130.
- step S170 If it is determined in step S170 that there is no false detection (step S170: No), an identification parameter is determined in step S200 and stored in a setting file.
- a large amount of reading objects apparatus such as clothes and bags, electrical products and parts such as TVs and mobile phones
- tags attached in front of the antenna are passed at high speed by using a cart or forklift. Inspection can be performed.
- the features of this application are that it can be difficult to read due to overlapping tags, etc. (RSSI remains low), and that environmental control such as placing no non-target tags in the immediate vicinity of the antenna is relatively easy. It is done.
- an RSSI absolute value filter is not used, and a tag that is difficult to read is detected by moving the parameters of the RSSI non-continuous ascending filter. It is possible to eliminate the tag.
- FIG. 13C it is possible to detect that a tagged product that has not been checked out at the cash register has moved in front of the gate where the RFID antenna and the reader are incorporated, and to sound a buzzer.
- detection becomes difficult when the distance between the gates exceeds 1 m, but by using an electromagnetic field type UHF band RFID, detection is possible even with a gate width of 2 m or more. It is also possible to place the antenna on the ceiling or under the floor taking advantage of the characteristics of long-distance communication.
- the threshold values of various movement filters can be set higher.
- the data when the identification parameter setting tool is moved in the vertical direction is used. Acquire and adjust [movement identification parameter] column so that it can be identified as stationary.
- the vertical direction can be identified as stationary while the horizontal direction is identified as moving.
- the vertical direction is also identified, especially when moving from the back side near the antenna to the front side, it can be solved by using the “Vertical direction moving filter” in the “Identification option” (check is ON). It is.
- Fig. 30 shows an example in which a “green vase” theft was detected in the basement monitoring room on the 4th floor of the warehouse.
- the main feature is that it can be detected even in the dark, and even if it is hidden in a cage, it can be known which item has been stolen.
- the phase may be shaken only by the movement of a person and there is a possibility that a stationary tag is mistakenly detected as a movement, but normally only a low phase fluctuation filter is used when monitoring at night, etc. when no person enters or exits. This makes it possible to detect a wider range of entry than when using an RSSI non-continuous ascending filter or the like. After the entry is detected, the article can be identified by an RSSI non-continuous ascending filter or the like.
- the warehouse 200 is an existing one, and shelves are provided according to the height of articles (products).
- a location tag 201 composed of an RFID tag is attached to the shelf, and position information indicated by the location tag 201 is obtained.
- an article (product) stored on the shelf is also attached with a product tag 202 including an RFID tag in which product information including its properties and quantity is stored.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、アンテナをRFIDタグの移動方向に水平ではなく斜めに配置するか出力電波の方向が歪んだ特殊アンテナを使用した技術が知られている(特許文献3)。
また特許文献2の技術は、ある1つのタグまでの距離を測定するために2つの異なる周波数にて電波送信を行う特殊なリーダが必要とされる。
さらに特許文献3の技術は、アンテナをRFIDタグの移動方向に水平ではなく斜めに配置するか出力電波の方向が歪んだ特殊アンテナを使用する必要があり、店舗内のゲートといった設置の自由度が少ない場所に適さない場合がある。またRFIDタグからの電波受信強度は人や物がアンテナ前を移動しただけでも変化してしまう場合があるため、その上昇や下降のみにより移動と判定する手法では誤検知が発生することがある。
またアンテナ2枚を離れた場所に設置したり角度をつけて設置したりすることでそれぞれのアンテナでの読取時間差が一定値以上発生した場合に移動と判定する方法が取られることがあるが、アンテナ間に距離や角度を持たせるための設置スペースが必要とされてしまう。また人や物の移動などによる電波の乱反射によって2つのアンテナ間に位置するタグ等が誤って移動と判定されてしまうことがある。
本発明の他の目的は、コンピュータ装置上またはRFIDリーダ上で動作することが可能なRFIDタグ移動識別方法及びRFIDタグ移動識別プログラムを提供することにある。
本発明の更に他の目的は、他のアプリケーションに識別情報を送信するミドルウエアとしてコンピュータ装置上またはRFIDリーダ上で動作することが可能なRFIDタグ移動識別方法及びRFIDタグ移動識別プログラムを提供することにある。
また、静止RFIDタグフィルタは、複数の前記個別静止RFIDタグフィルタのうち少なくとも一つ以上の個別静止RFIDタグフィルタを用いて静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別し、移動RFIDタグを識別することにより、複数の観点から静止RFIDタグを識別することが可能となり、高精度な移動RFIDタグの識別が可能となる。
本発明のRFIDタグ移動識別プログラムによれば、プログラムが稼働する装置であれば、RFIDタグ移動識別させることが可能となる。
人や物、特に金属が含まれたカゴ車や台車等がアンテナ前を移動することによる電波の乱反射やマルチパスフェージング、特に水分が含まれた物や人がアンテナ前を移動することによって発生する電波遮蔽によって電波受信強度が一時的に下落するような静止したRFIDタグにおいても、静止RFIDタグと識別することができる。また複数の静止RFIDタグフィルタを用いることにより、RFIDタグの移動方向を識別でき、高精度な移動識別が可能となる。このように、移動判定の精度を高めることができる。
図8Aで示す2つの時系列データの差異を標準偏差の値に閾値を設けることや二項検定、カイ二乗検定、G検定等の手法により静止したRFIDタグを識別することが可能となる。
本実施形態において、タグ情報取得はステップS10~S15で行われるものであり、コンピュータ装置CとRFIDリーダ10との接続処理(S10)を行い、次に、アンテナ20から電波を送信し、RFIDタグから情報の読取を開始する(ステップS11)。ステップS12~ステップS15はループとなっており、ステップS12で、読取ったRFIDタグの情報を取得し、読取ったRFIDタグの情報をメモリ(記憶媒体)であるハードディスク等に保存する。またステップS14ではメモリ(記憶媒体)であるRAM等に保持する。このループによりRFIDタグの枚数とそれぞれの読取回数を掛け合わせた数の読取情報が取得される。ここで、RFIDタグ情報は、読取時刻履歴、読取アンテナ履歴、電波受信強度履歴、位相履歴、ドップラー周波数履歴等の情報を取得するものである。
本実施形態において、移動タグ識別はステップS21~S32でおこなわれるもので、ステップS22~S32、ステップS23~S31、ステップS24~S29は、それぞれループとなっており、ステップS21で識別パラメータ設定ファイルを読取り各種パラメータをRAM等のメモリに格納する処理を行う。
なお、垂直方向移動とは、図13Aに図示されるように、アンテナの電波放射面に垂直な方向、水平方向移動とは電波放射面に水平な方向への移動を意味する。
この「判定基データ計算」の処理は次のように行われる。
ステップS40において対象タグの対象期間中M個の位相履歴データをメモリから取得する処理を行う。このデータは図9Bにおけるタグ情報取得スレッド(プログラム)処理のステップS14で示す「読取タグ情報メモリ保持」処理によって既に得られたものである。以下、例えば、位相が0~180°の範囲のデータが、RFIDリーダ10から返却されるケースに基づいて説明をする。位相履歴データが配列Phase_angle[0]~Phase_angle[M-1],対応する読取時刻履歴データが配列Read_time[0]~Read_time[M-1]に格納されているものとする。なお以降で角度はラジアンではなく[°]と統一して記述する。Cos,Sinの引数やArctanの戻り値も[°]で計算されるものとする。
Sum_unit_vector_x_anterior = Sum_unit_vector_x_anterior + Cos(Phase_angle[x]*2)
Sum_unit_vector_y_anterior = Sum_unit_vector_y_anterior + Sin(Phase_angle[x]*2)
ステップS44は
Sum_unit_vector_x_posterior = Sum_unit_vector_x_posterior + Cos(Phase_angle[x]*2)
Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior = Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior + Sin(Phase_angle[x]*2)
である。
Average_phase_angle_anterior=Atan2(Sum_unit_vector_y_anterior, Sum_unit_vector_x_anterior)
Average_phase_angle_posterior=Atan2(Sum_unit_vector_y_posterior, Sum_unit_vector_x_posterior)
ここでAtan2(y,x)は以下を表す関数である。
x>=0の場合 Arctan(y/x)
x<=0の場合 Sign(y)180+Arctan(y/x) (Sign(y)はyの符号)
Diff_angle =|Average_pa - Atan2(Sin(Average_pa)+Sin(Phase_angle[x]*2), Cos(Average_pa)+Cos(Phase_angle[x]*2))|
次に、ステップS57で期待値と各観測頻度との差の二乗和を期待値で割ったカイ二乗値(χ2)を以下式で求める。
χ2= ( (Observed[0] - Expected)^2 + (Observed[1] - Expected)^2 )/Expected
さらに、ステップS58でプログラム起動時にメモリ内配列Chi_probability[]に読みとっていた「自由度1のカイ二乗分布表」からχ2に紐付けられた値を求める。配列Chi_probability[]の添え字は0以上の整数であるためχ2の値も整数に変換する。これが判定基データの「位相変動カイ二乗片側確率」となり、位相時系列データが期間前半にも後半にも偏りのない一様分布である確率を表すことになり、移動RFIDタグの場合は、この値が高くなる。
一方、図16DのE地点からF地点のようなアンテナ裏面→表面方向の垂直方向移動の場合では、アンテナ放射パターンよりRSSI上昇は+30dB以上にもなるため「RSSI非連続上昇フィルタ」等でフィルタすることは難しい。そこで垂直方向移動の場合にはRSSI山頂点発生時に動径成分速度が0とならないことを利用しフィルタを行う。以下その方法について説明する。
コンピュータ装置Cは、公知の構成からなるもので、CPU,記憶装置(外部記憶装置を含むもので、HDD,RAM,ROM、CD,DVD,BL,フラッシュメモリ等を含むその他のメモリ等)、ディスプレイ、入力部(キーボード、マウス、タッチパネル)、出力部(電波、音波、光その他の通信手段との間の出力関係を含む)等を備えている。
1.識別パラメータ設定ツール
2.移動タグ識別エンジン
3.LLRPミドルウエア「ナイスミドル」(商標:以下同じ)
これらのモジュール(ソフトウエア:プログラム)は、OS上で動作するものであり、本実施形態ではWindowsXP(登録商標)或いはWindows7(登録商標)で動作するようになっている。
この「識別パラメータ設定ツール」により、所定のRFIDタグを移動させた後、その環境における判定パラメータを計算し設定することができる。設定内容は「識別パラメータ保存ファイル」に保存され、「移動タグ識別エンジン」において使用されるようになる。なお、パラメータによっては「識別パラメータ設定ツール」でのみ使用され、「移動タグ識別エンジン」で使用されないものも存在する(リーダIPアドレスや送信出力等、設定画面で青字の項目)。これらは上位アプリからLLRPミドルウエア(ナイスミドル)に設定するように構成される。
まず、PickMovedTagsParamsAutoConfigTool.exeをダブルクリックして識別パラメータ設定ツールを起動する。図18で示す設定画面において、「移動識別パラメータ」タブで接続するRFIDリーダ10の設定を行う。
この設定画面では、上記RFIDリーダ10設定の他に、識別オプション、ログ出力、移動識別パラメータ、識別対象EPC、EPC別の移動識別パラメータ等を設定する。ここで、EPC(Electric Product Code)とは、ICタグを利用して製品識別を行う場合に利用されるコードであり、商品識別コード、輸送用のコンテナなどの識別コード、事業所コード、返却可能な資産の識別コード、企業内の資産管理コードなどが組み込まれているものである。
識別オプション(移動識別)では、垂直方向移動フィルタ使用の有無、移動方向表示の有無、アンテナグループを複数設定可能となっており、各グループのアンテナ(本実施形態ではグループA,Bともにアンテナ1~4)を指定可能となっている。
ログ出力では、移動識別サマリログ、リプレイ用ログ、使用パラメータバックアップが選択可能となっている。
「移動識別パラメータ」では、設定により移動識別対象となるEPCを絞ることが可能である。対象外のEPCではOnMovedTagReportイベントが発生しなくなる。
次に、図19で示す移動タグ識別をする画面では、上下及び二段に分割された画面で、上段側には、移動タグの欄と、静止タグの欄、下段には、RFIDタグからのデータの受信記録の時系列グラフが表示される。また、この画面には、「オープン/クローズ」ボタン、「スタート/ストップ」ボタン、「クリア」ボタン、「リプレイ」ボタンが設けられている。「リプレイ」ボタンは、リプレイ機能を行うもので、パラメータ変更後の動作確認(設定内容確認)を行うことができるものである。
なお、選択のキャンセルは、グラフの点がないエリアをダブルクリックすることにより行う。
そこで、いずれか1つ以上の数値を「“静止”とするための値」に変更し、「保存」ボタンを押下する。
識別パラメータ設定ツールでは、移動識別サマリログと、リプレイ用ログと、使用パラメータバックアップと、エラーログの4つのログファイルが出力される。移動識別サマリログ、リプレイ用ログと使用パラメータバックアップの出力有無は「移動識別パラメータ」の画面で設定可能となっている。
(1)移動識別サマリログ
「読取状況グラフ表示」の画面で静止や移動と表示されたタイミングでタグ情報が保存される。移動したタグは初めに「静止」と出力された後に「移動」が出力される。
.\LOG ディレクトリ配下にスタートボタンを押下した日付・時刻のファイル名で作成される。
ファイル名例: SUMMARY_2010_1217_1115_45.csv
出力内容は 「タグ情報表示時PC時刻, 静止・移動種別, EPC, PCBits, ReaderIp, AntennaId, RSSI,(移動タグの場合は表2の6以降の情報)
出力例:
2010/12/24 19:07:40.108,STATIC,00000000000000000000B302,3000,192.168.55.31,1,-59
2010/12/24 19:07:43.061,MOVED,00000000000000000000B302,3000,192.168.55.31,1,-32,0.8,1293217662.753,1293217663.538,30,1.293,18.0,0.448,16.5,13.80,04
(2)リプレイ用ログ
本実施形態では、リプレイ機能用に全読取データを保存している。長時間読取実施時には出力をOFFとしておくことが好ましい。
ファイル名例: 2010_1217_1115_45.csv
(3)使用パラメータバックアップ
使用した識別パラメータのバックアップ。ツール起動後最初及びパラメータ変更発生後のスタートボタン押下時に作成される。
ファイル名例: 2011_0616_2118_27.xml
(4)エラーログ
リーダとの接続エラーやプログラムエラー等が出力される。
ファイル名: PACT_debug.log
前記したように、識別パラメータ設定ツールで設定された方法で移動タグ識別を行う。
本実施形態で用いるミドルウエア(ナイスミドル)は、移動タグ識別エンジンのフロントエンドとして上位アプリとのインターフェース(I/F)機能を提供するものである。上位アプリ開発者が移動タグ識別ソフトのドキュメントとナイスミドルのユーザーマニュアル・ヘルプファイル・サンプルソースを参照して、開発を行う。
PickMovedTagsAgent.dll(移動タグ識別エンジン)
PickMovedTagsAgent.xml(識別パラメータ保存ファイル:編集不可)
PickMovedTagsParamsAutoConfigTool.exe(識別パラメータ設定ツール)
MightyControl.dll(識別パラメータ設定ツール構成ファイル)
EPCtoNAME.csv(識別パラメータ自動設定ツールでこのファイル内のEPCが読まれた場合、「名称 / シリアル」欄に名称を表示。名称,EPCのCSVフォーマットで記述。変更後はツールの再起動が必要。このファイルに含まれないEPCは下位3バイト(EPC欄の右側6文字)を10進数で「名称 / シリアル」欄に表示。)
log4net.dll(識別パラメータ設定ツールでエラーログ出力時に使用されるApache log4netライブラリ)
LICENSE.txt, NOTICE.txt(Apache log4netのLICENSE及びNOTICE)
.\WAVE\notify.wav(識別パラメータ設定ツールで移動タグを識別した場合に鳴る音ファイル。別のWAVEファイルをこのファイルに上書きすることで音を変更することが可能。)
.\Ja-JP\PickMovedTagsParamsAutoConfigTool.resources.dll MightyControl.resources.dll(識別パラメータ設定ツール用”日本語(日本)”リソースファイル)
.\LOG\(ログファイル格納ディレクトリ)
その他(LLRP.dll, LLRP.Impinj.dll, LLRPNiceMW.dll, SET_READER_CONFIG.xml)はナイスミドルの構成ファイル、
などである。
利用データ期間中の最大値は、図14Aで示すように、利用データ期間後半の山頂部から、最小値は前半の山麓部から取得される。
また、期間前最大値取得期間を設定することができ、この期間の値を、大きくすることで、移動判定を厳しくすることが可能となる。つまり、図14Aで示すように、最大値は、期間前最大値から所定の増分となるのが通常である。
(1)チラ読みフィルタ(利用データ期間中に秒間読取回数が閾値未満)、
(2)RSSI絶対値フィルタ(最大RSSI(最大電波受信強度)が閾値未満)、
(3)RSSI非連続上昇フィルタ(「最大-最小RSSI(電波受信強度)」が閾値未満)、(RSSI(電波受信強度)(t)>電波受信強度(t-1)である点或いはRSSI(電波受信強度)(t)<電波受信強度(t+1)である点の発生割合が閾値未満)、
(4)RSSI谷型フィルタ(RSSI(谷):期間前最大電波受信強度からの増分が閾値未満)、
(5)過読フィルタ(移動候補判定からX秒後も読取が存在(移動判定まで+X秒必要))、
(6)位相振れ少フィルタ(期間中の位相の変動から計算された検定量が閾値未満)、
である。
秒間読取可能回数は、例えばあるRFIDタグの無線パラメータ(ISO/IEC18000-6C規格のミラーサブキャリア方式でM=4, Tari=20[usec], BDR=320k)において、RFIDタグの枚数を変化させて、実際に読取を行い、1枚あたりの秒間読取数を計測する。このときのグラフが、図4で示す実線である。これはタグ枚数が10枚以下の場合に点線で示された多項式曲線(y=0.236x2-5.3339x+46.974)、10枚より上の場合に累乗曲線(y=133.34x-0.8605)によって決定係数0.9987、0.9954と高い精度で近似することができる。
他の無線パラメータを使用した場合でも同様に近似関数f(x)を求めることができ、使用中の無線パラメータと読取中タグ枚数により1枚あたり秒間読取可能回数を計算することができる。アンテナを1枚以上のN枚使用する場合にはf(x/N)/Nで計算される数値を秒間読取可能回数として使用できる。この秒間読取可能回数に設定された割合を掛けることにより秒間読取回数閾値とできる。
電波受信強度は、RFIDリーダ10が受信するRFIDタグからの電波受信強度理論値は次の式(1)で表わされる。
位相は次の式(5)で表すことができる。
θT: リーダからの電波送信時に変化する位相
θR: リーダでタグ応答波受信時に変化する位相
θTAG:タグ応答時内部で変化する位相
波長(λ)は使用周波数により定まるので、位相θはリーダ-タグ間距離(r)のみを変数とした関数となり、2π(360度)で剰余を取ることで周期関数となる。
静止・移動の区別無く読まれたRFIDタグの全てを受け取るには、ミドルウエア(ナイスミドル)のTagReportHandlerデリゲートも設定する。
本実施形態のデリケートとしては、MovedTagReportHandler(MovedTagData)であり、LLRPAgentのOnMovedTagReportイベントを処理するメソッドを表す。
LLRPAgentクラスとしては、イベントがOnMovedTagReportという名前の場合、デリケートはMovedTagReportHandlerであり、移動したタグ情報がMovedTagData型で渡される。
パブリックプロパティとしては、IsPickMovedTagとSyncLocalTimeがあり、ミドルウエア(ナイスミドル)から移動タグ情報を取得する場合trueに設定する。
using mightycard.rfid.llrpmw;
try{
.
.
llrpAgent.OnErrorReport +=new ErrorReportHandler(llrpAgent_OnErrorReport);
//→移動タグ識別エンジンを使用するための設定
llrpAgent.IsPickMovedTag = true;
llrpAgent.SyncLocalTime = true;
llrpAgent.OnMovedTagReport += new MovedTagReportHandler(llrpAgent_OnMovedTagReport);
//←移動タグ識別エンジンを使用するための設定
.
.
}catch(Exception e)
MessageBox.Show(e.Message)
}
//OnMovedTagReportイベントの処理関数
void llrpAgent_OnMovedTagReport(MovedTagData tagData)
{
MessageBox.Show(“このタグは移動しました : ” + tagData.Epc)
………………
}
このようにRFIDリーダ内のLinux OS(商標)上で「移動タグ識別エンジン」を動作させることができる。
次に、識別パラメータ設定ツールでのパラメータ調整手順について、図28のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。
次にステップS110で、不図示の操作手段により、識別パラメータ設定ツールを起動する処理を行う。次に、ステップS120で、コンピュータ装置C等の記憶装置に格納されている識別パラメータ保存ファイルを読取り、移動タグ識別エンジン(及びミドルウエア「ナイスミドル」)を使用してRFIDタグの読取りを開始する処理を行う。
ステップS130では、周囲に静止タグを配置した環境で移動と認識させたい方法で、RFIDタグを移動させる。
また、「移動と識別させたい場合」とは、RFIDタグが貼付された読取対象物を実際の移動方法(フォークリフト運転や人の歩行)でアンテナ20前を移動させる。その際に読取条件を通常より厳しい方法(アンテナ20に近い場所を高速移動、アンテナ20から遠い場所を低速移動、RFIDタグにフォークの爪があたり隠れる、鞄の中に多数のRFIDタグを隠す等)で移動させ、このような状態においてパラメータを合わせることで通常の移動の場合に余裕をもって移動と識別できるパラメータになる。
この応用では、ゲート周りのタグを読んでしまい、盗難を行っていない人が通過したときにブザーを鳴らしてしまうとお客の感情を害し、お店の評価を落としてしまう危険性がある。そのため全ての移動タグを検知できなくても可とし、各種移動フィルタの閾値を高めに設定することができる。図13C(A)のような水平方向移動は検知しながら(B)のような垂直方向移動はブザーを鳴らさないようにするために、まず識別パラメータ設定ツールで垂直方向に移動した場合のデータを取得し、それが静止と識別できるよう[移動識別パラメータ]欄の調整を行う。
多くの場合フィルタを厳しめに設定することで水平方向は移動と識別しながら垂直方向を静止と識別することができる。しかし、特にアンテナ近くの裏面から表面への移動時、垂直方向も識別されてしまう場合は、[識別オプション]の「垂直方向移動フィルタ」を利用すること(チェックをON)により解決することが可能である。
20 アンテナ
30 RFIDタグ
F 静止RFIDタグフィルタ
C コンピュータ装置
Claims (6)
- 複数のRFIDタグと、該複数のRFIDタグからの電波を受信するRFIDリーダを用いて、複数のRFIDタグのうち移動RFIDタグを識別するRFIDタグ移動識別方法において、
前記RFIDリーダによって移動RFIDタグ及び静止RFIDタグを含む複数のRFIDタグの時系列読取データを取得し、一定のパラメータに基づく静止RFIDタグフィルタによって、前記読取った複数のRFIDタグの情報から前記静止RFIDタグを特定し、前記複数のRFIDタグから前記移動RFIDタグを識別可能とするもので、
前記静止RFIDタグフィルタは、以下の(1)乃至(6)の工程の何れかからなる個別静止RFIDタグフィルタを備え、
前記静止RFIDタグフィルタは、複数の前記個別静止RFIDタグフィルタのうち少なくとも一つ以上の個別静止RFIDタグフィルタを用いて静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別し、移動RFIDタグを識別することを特徴とするRFIDタグ移動識別方法;
(1).読取中のタグ枚数を変数とした関数を用いて、秒間読取可能回数を計算し、前記RFIDリーダによって読み取った秒間読取回数との比較に基づいて識別する工程;
(2).電波受信強度の時系列分析によって、静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する工程;
(3).前記RFIDリーダで読みとられたRFIDタグの電波受信強度時系列データが、谷型となる場合、すなわち電波受信強度の高い点発生時に所定の時系列データまで遡り、別の電波受信強度が高い点があるかを判定し、高い点があった場合に静止RFIDタグと判別する工程;
(4).前記RFIDタグの電波受信強度時系列データが示す山型全体、山型の登り部分を線形・非線形曲線として適合する度合い、山型の各強度最大値と最小値の差、山型の時系列で前の点から上昇した点の割合のうち少なくとも一つを用いて静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する工程;
(5).前記RFIDリーダの送信搬送波とRFIDタグからの反射で返却された搬送波の位相の時系列分析によって、静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する工程;
(6).RFIDタグ応答の位相変曲点またはドップラー周波数0時点と電波受信強度山頂発生時点を比較することによって移動方向を識別する工程。 - 前記(1)における読取中タグ枚数を変数とした関数は、読取中タグ枚数を独立変数とした累乗曲線関数または多項式関数であり、この関数を用い計算した計算値に、所定の割合を乗算した閾値を判断基準として、前記判断基準より秒間読取回数が少ない場合に静止タグと識別することを特徴とする請求項1記載のRFIDタグ移動識別方法。
- 前記各種RFIDタグフィルタを使用しアンテナ近くの水平方向移動のみを検知し遠くの水平方向移動や垂直方向移動は検知しないことを特徴とする請求項1記載のRFIDタグ移動識別方法。
- 前記(5)における時系列分析において、位相の標準偏差の値に閾値を設けること、二項検定、カイ二乗検定、G検定の少なくとも一つを用いて静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する工程を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のRFIDタグ移動識別方法。
- 前記一定のパラメータは、予め試験的RFIDタグを移動した後に、移動時の開始点及び終了点を選択することでRFIDリーダやアンテナ、タグ、移動速度といった環境の違いを吸収した前記パラメータを自動で計算することを特徴とする請求項1記載のRFIDタグ移動識別方法。
- コンピュータ装置に、移動RFIDタグ及び静止RFIDタグを含む複数のRFIDタグをRFIDリーダで読取らせた時系列読取データを、一定のパラメータに基づく静止RFIDタグフィルタよって、複数の前記RFIDタグの情報から前記静止RFIDタグを特定させ、前記複数のRFIDタグから前記移動RFIDタグを識別させるものであって、静止RFIDタグフィルタとして、
(1).読取中のタグ枚数を変数とした関数を用いて、秒間読取可能回数を計算し、前記RFIDリーダによって読み取った秒間読取回数との比較に基づいて識別する手順、
(2).電波受信強度の時系列分析によって、静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する手順、
(3).前記RFIDリーダで読みとられたRFIDタグの電波受信強度時系列データが谷型となる場合、すなわち電波受信強度の高い点発生時に所定の時系列データまで遡り、別の電波受信強度が高い点があるかを判定し、高い点があった場合に静止RFIDタグと判別する手順、
(4).前記RFIDタグの電波受信強度時系列データが示す山型全体、山型の登り部分を線形・非線形曲線として適合する度合い、山型の各強度最大値と最小値の差、山型の時系列で前の点から上昇した点の割合のうち少なくとも一つを用いて静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する手順、
(5).前記RFIDリーダの送信搬送波とRFIDタグからの反射で返却された搬送波の位相の時系列分析によって、静止RFIDタグと移動RFIDタグを識別する手順、
(6).RFIDタグ応答の位相変曲点またはドップラー周波数0時点と電波受信強度山頂発生時点を比較することによって移動方向を識別する手順、
のうち少なくとも一つ以上の手順からなる個別静止RFIDタグフィルタを任意の順でコンピュータ装置に実行させるためのRFIDタグ移動識別プログラム。
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Also Published As
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US9460327B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
CN103907124A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
KR101984191B1 (ko) | 2019-09-03 |
KR20140046016A (ko) | 2014-04-17 |
EP2733644A1 (en) | 2014-05-21 |
CN103907124B (zh) | 2017-08-25 |
JP5665695B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
EP2733644A4 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
EP2733644B1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
US20140167920A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
JP2013037663A (ja) | 2013-02-21 |
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