WO2012176876A1 - 蛋白製剤の製造方法 - Google Patents
蛋白製剤の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012176876A1 WO2012176876A1 PCT/JP2012/065987 JP2012065987W WO2012176876A1 WO 2012176876 A1 WO2012176876 A1 WO 2012176876A1 JP 2012065987 W JP2012065987 W JP 2012065987W WO 2012176876 A1 WO2012176876 A1 WO 2012176876A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/06—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies from serum
- C07K16/065—Purification, fragmentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/14—Pressure control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/18—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control pH control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a virus removal protein preparation and a virus removal protein preparation produced by the production method.
- Protein preparations typified by biopharmaceuticals and plasma fractionation preparations may be contaminated with raw material or process-derived viruses. Therefore, in producing such a protein preparation, inactivation and removal of viruses in the preparation are very important from the viewpoint of the safety and stability of the preparation. As a method for inactivating viruses, heat treatment or treatment with chemicals, etc. are performed. However, inactivation of viruses is not sufficient with these treatments alone, and these methods also denature the protein itself in the preparation. There is a fear. against this background, virus separation and removal by filtration using a virus removal membrane has been carried out as physical virus removal means that do not involve chemical denaturation (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Non-Patent Document 1 a membrane made of a natural material such as cellulose, or a membrane made of a synthetic polymer material such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or polyethersulfone (PES) is known (Non-Patent Document 1). ⁇ 4).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PES polyethersulfone
- the filtration of the virus-containing solution by the virus removal device loaded with the virus removal membrane is ideally capable of filtering a larger amount of protein solution in a short time and exhibiting sufficiently high virus removal performance.
- the virus-containing solution is generally filtered at as high a pressure as possible.
- proteins to be contained in the filtrate may remain in the membrane.
- the concentration of protein preparations tends to be high, and accordingly, there is an increasing demand for a high protein concentration in the filtration step for removing viruses.
- a high-concentration protein solution is filtered through a small-pore virus removal membrane, clogging due to protein remaining inside the membrane is particularly remarkable.
- a buffer solution that does not contain protein (usually, the same buffer solution that dissolves the protein) is filtered as a washing solution. Since this process is an additional filtration after protein filtration, it is called post-washing (post-washing) or post-filtration (Post filtration).
- post-washing post-washing
- Post filtration post-filtration
- the filtration pressure is usually released once in order to switch the inlet of the filtrate from the protein solution line to the washing solution line. If the filtration pressure is not lowered, the liquid flows backward to the cleaning liquid side.
- the filtration pressure during filtration with a virus removal membrane be low in the preparation of the preparation. Filtration at low filtration pressures may be performed when trying to increase the final throughput of clogged solutions, or when trying to increase the permeability and recovery of elongated polymeric protein solutions. Many.
- the specific filtration pressure when employing a low filtration pressure is often determined by the balance between permeability and productivity, and also depends on the concentration of the protein preparation to be obtained. For example, Patent Document 4 employs a filtration pressure of about 0.15 kgf / cm 2 .
- JP 2001-335509 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-249441 International Publication No. 2010/109920 US Pat. No. 7,932,355
- the present inventors independently conducted research on the filtration of protein solutions using a small-pore virus removal membrane under a low filtration pressure.
- filtration under pressure was carried out under the same solution conditions as under high filtration pressure, it was found that depending on the solution conditions, viruses may leak to the filtrate side and a protein preparation with a low virus removal rate may be obtained.
- the virus removal rate may be lowered depending on the solution conditions.
- the present invention is a method for producing a virus removal protein preparation comprising a step of filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small pore virus removal membrane under a low filtration pressure, wherein the virus removal rate It aims at providing the manufacturing method of a protein formulation with high.
- the present inventors set the pH and salt ionic strength conditions in the solution to be filtered to specific values, so that under low filtration pressure.
- the present inventors have found that a protein preparation with a high virus removal rate can be obtained, thereby completing the present invention.
- the present invention relates to the following.
- the following step (a) (A) a filtration step of obtaining a virus-removed protein solution by filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small-pore virus removal membrane;
- a method for producing a virus removal protein preparation comprising:
- the filtration step (a) comprises the following step (q): (Q) a low-pressure filtration step using a small pore virus removal membrane to obtain a virus-removed protein solution by filtering the solution at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less;
- the pre-filtration solution in the step (q) is a virus-containing protein solution
- the filtration step (a) is a step of obtaining a virus removal protein solution by filtering the virus-containing protein solution at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less using a small pore virus removal membrane, and in the filtration step (a)
- the virus-containing protein solution is from the group consisting of various monoclonal antibodies, genetically modified blood coagulation factors, interferons, various hormones, various enzymes, immunoglobulins, albumin, blood coagulation factor VIII, blood coagulation factor IX, fibrinogen and antithrombin III
- the method according to any one of [1] to [15] comprising one or more selected proteins.
- virus-containing protein solution contains blood coagulation factor VIII or fibrinogen as a protein.
- virus-containing protein solutions include human parvovirus B19 (B19), mouse microvirus (MVM), porcine parvovirus (PPV), bovine parvovirus (BPV), canine parvovirus (CPV), poliovirus (Polio), circovirus
- MMV mouse microvirus
- PV porcine parvovirus
- BPV bovine parvovirus
- CPV canine parvovirus
- poliovirus Polyo
- circovirus The method according to any one of [1] to [18], which comprises one or more viruses selected from the group consisting of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV).
- HAV hepatitis A virus
- HEV hepatitis E virus
- virus-containing protein solution contains a virus having a diameter of 32 nm or less without an envelope.
- virus-containing protein solution contains one or more components selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts, buffer components, surfactants and saccharides.
- step (a) (A) a filtration step of obtaining a virus-removed protein solution by filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small-pore virus removal membrane;
- a method for producing a virus removal protein preparation comprising:
- the filtration step (a) comprises the following step (q): (Q) a low-pressure filtration step using a small pore virus removal membrane to obtain a virus-removed protein solution by filtering the solution at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less;
- a protein preparation having a high virus removal rate is provided in a method for producing a virus removal protein preparation comprising a step of filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small pore virus removal membrane under a low filtration pressure.
- a virus-containing protein solution is continuously filtered at a low filtration pressure, a post-wash process, or a stop-and-start process is included, a protein preparation with a high virus removal rate is provided. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between pH (X) and salt ionic strength (Y (mM)) in a pre-filtration solution when virus leakage does not occur in Example 2. From the left side, lines corresponding to Formula 1, Formula 2, and Formula 3 determined in Example 2 are shown.
- the present embodiment a mode for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “the present embodiment”) will be described in detail.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment, and can be implemented with various modifications within the scope of the gist.
- the method for producing a virus removal protein preparation in the present embodiment includes a filtration step (a) in which a virus-containing protein solution is obtained by filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small pore virus removal membrane.
- the “virus-containing protein solution” to be filtered in the step (a) includes a protein that passes through a filtration membrane when filtered through a small-pore virus filtration membrane described later, and is particularly a solution that may contain a virus. Not limited. In particular, since solutions containing animal-derived components including humans and genes as raw materials are highly likely to contain viruses, virus-removed protein preparations can be obtained by using them as virus-containing protein solutions in the production method of the present embodiment. It can be provided efficiently.
- virus-containing protein solutions include solutions containing peptides and proteins as active ingredients, which are produced using biotechnology such as genetic engineering and cell culture, which are raw materials for biopharmaceuticals.
- biotechnology such as genetic engineering and cell culture, which are raw materials for biopharmaceuticals.
- various monoclonal antibodies IgG, IgM, etc.
- genetically modified blood coagulation factors IgM, etc.
- interferons various hormones (growth hormone, erythropoietin, etc.)
- various enzymes include sugar-modified proteins, modified proteins represented by PEGylated proteins
- Examples include solutions containing artificial proteins and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- examples of the virus-containing protein solution include a raw material of a plasma fraction preparation obtained by purification from plasma.
- plasma fraction preparations include immunoglobulin preparations, albumin preparations, blood coagulation factor preparations and the like.
- blood coagulation factor preparations include blood coagulation factor VIII preparation, blood coagulation factor IX preparation, fibrinogen preparation, antithrombin.
- examples include III preparations. Therefore, specific examples of virus-containing protein solutions include solutions containing immunoglobulins, albumin, blood coagulation factors (blood coagulation factor VIII, blood coagulation factor IX, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, etc.) and the like. However, it is not limited to this.
- the virus-containing protein solution in the present embodiment may preferably include an antibody as a protein.
- the virus-containing protein solution in the present embodiment may preferably include blood coagulation factor VIII or fibrinogen as a protein.
- the concentration of the protein in the virus-containing protein solution is not particularly limited as long as it can be filtered by the small pore virus removal membrane, but is, for example, 1 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL, preferably 1 mg / mL to 80 mg / mL, more preferably Is 1 mg / mL to 70 mg / mL, more preferably 1 mg / mL to 50 mg / mL. As the protein concentration increases, the filtration rate through the virus removal membrane tends to decrease.
- the virus contained in the virus-containing protein solution is not particularly limited, but human parvovirus B19 (B19), mouse microvirus (MVM), porcine parvovirus (PPV), bovine parvovirus (BPV), canine parvovirus (CPV) , Poliovirus (Polio), circovirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV) and the like, preferably human parvovirus B19 (B19), mouse microvirus (MVM), porcine parvo Selected from the group consisting of viruses (PPV), bovine parvovirus (BPV), canine parvovirus (CPV), poliovirus (Polio) and hepatitis A virus (HAV).
- parvoviruses in particular, have been reported to be infected with human parvovirus B19 (B19) in the field of plasma fractionated preparations.
- a report on virus safety of plasma-derived preparations has been published by EMEA (European Pharmaceutical Review). Agency).
- EMEA European Pharmaceutical Review
- Agency European Pharmaceutical Review
- contamination of monoclonal antibodies in the manufacturing process due to contamination of mouse parvovirus into CHO cells (derived from mice)
- ICH Q5A virus safety of biopharmaceuticals made using animal cells Evaluation guidelines
- Parvovirus belongs to the Parvoviridae family and is the smallest virus (18-18 nm in diameter) currently known.
- Human parvovirus B19 (B19), mouse parvovirus (MVM), porcine parvovirus (PPV), canine parvovirus (CPV) bovine parvovirus (BPV) and the like can be mentioned.
- Parvoviruses are physicochemically stable because they do not have an envelope, and are resistant to heat, low pH, and chemical treatment commonly used in inactivation steps during the manufacturing process of biological products.
- this embodiment provides a method for producing a parvovirus removal protein formulation.
- the present embodiment is a virus removal protein for a virus having no envelope (preferably a virus having a diameter of 32 nm or less, more preferably 30 nm or less, and even more preferably 24 nm or less).
- a method for producing a formulation is provided.
- the virus-containing protein solution can contain one or more components selected from the group consisting of basic amino acids, inorganic salts, buffer components, surfactants and saccharides, in addition to the above proteins and viruses.
- Examples of basic amino acids include arginine, histidine, guanidine, lysine or derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, preferably arginine, histidine, lysine, derivatives thereof, or salts thereof, more preferably arginine. Or a derivative thereof or a salt thereof.
- Inorganic salts can include NaCl and buffer salts.
- As the buffer solution component acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, Tris-HCl buffer, and the like can be used.
- concentration of the inorganic salt and the buffer component can be determined with reference to the ionic strength of the salt described in detail below.
- surfactant examples include non-ionic surfactants such as Tween 20 and Tween 80, which can be contained at a concentration of 0.01 to 0.05 wt%.
- saccharide examples include monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, oligosaccharides, sugar alcohols, and the like.
- glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, sorbose, maltose, sucrose (sucrose), sorbitol, One or more mannitol, dextran, etc. may be contained in an amount of 1 to 10 wt%, preferably 1 to 5 wt%.
- the temperature of the virus-containing protein solution before filtration may be in a temperature range that does not affect the state of the protein preparation to be obtained, but is preferably 4 ° C. to 40 ° C., more preferably 4 ° C. from the viewpoint of preventing protein denaturation. It is in the range of ⁇ 35 ° C. Since the temperature affects the viscosity of the protein solution and affects the flux during virus removal membrane filtration, the temperature is more preferably in the range of 20 ° C. to 35 ° C., although it depends on the stability of the protein itself with respect to temperature.
- the “small pore virus removal membrane” used for virus removal in the present embodiment is defined by PDA (Parental Drug Association), and has a removal rate of bacteriophage PP7 (Pseudomonas phase 7) having a particle size of 30 to 33 nm. Means a membrane larger than 4 log 10 when measured based on the technique described in PDA Technical report 41 (Revised 2008, Appendix 1).
- Another definition of a small pore virus removal membrane by PDA is that when tested using an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) aqueous solution or IVIG-containing buffer using the same method as the above bacteriophage PP7, A membrane having a transmittance or recovery rate greater than 90% can be mentioned.
- Protein permeability is expressed as the ratio of the protein concentration of the solution after membrane filtration to the protein concentration of the solution before filtration, and after membrane filtration of a sufficient volume of solution until the protein concentration of the solution after membrane filtration is stable Measured. For the measurement of protein concentration, UV spectroscopy (A 280 ) can be used.
- the small pore virus removal membrane has an LRV of 4 or more calculated for the parvovirus removal performance using Equation 6 described later at the recommended pressure of each virus removal membrane.
- the material of the small pore virus removal membrane is preferably cellulose or a hydrophilic synthetic polymer.
- cellulose regenerated cellulose, natural cellulose, cellulose acetate and the like can be used.
- hydrophilized synthetic polymer hydrophilized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), hydrophilized polyethersulfone (PES), hydrophilized polyethylene (PE), hydrophilized polysulfone (PS), or the like can be used.
- the hydrophilization method include a method of introducing a hydrophilic functional group on the film surface by a method such as coating, grafting reaction, and cross-linking reaction, and a method of fixing a hydrophilic polymer.
- the shape of the membrane may be either a flat membrane or a hollow fiber membrane, but a hollow fiber membrane is preferred because the filter created by loading the membrane into a container can be made small even if the membrane area is large.
- a filter in which the primary space on the filtrate inlet side and the secondary space on the filtrate outlet side are partitioned by a membrane can be created.
- the virus removal membrane When used for filtration, it can be used in the form of a filter.
- a virus removal membrane for removing small viruses such as parvovirus, Planova (registered trademark) 15N (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Medical) and Planova (registered trademark) 20N (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Medical) Planova (registered trademark) BioEX (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd.), Hydropore PVDF (manufactured by Pall) and Virsolve NFP (manufactured by Millipore), Virostart CPV (Sartorus, manufactured by hydrophilized PES) ), Virsolve Pro (manufactured by Millipore), and the like.
- a virus removal membrane can be appropriately selected according to the type of virus to be removed and the type of protein preparation to be produced.
- Filtration of the virus-containing protein solution using the small-pore virus removal membrane can be performed using a normal method of using each small-pore virus removal membrane. From the viewpoint of high recovery, the filtration is preferably dead end filtration. Any filtration method may be used, such as constant pressure filtration for keeping the filtration pressure constant, filtration for varying the filtration pressure, constant speed filtration for keeping the filtration speed constant. A preferred filtration method is employed depending on the composition of the pre-filtration solution.
- the filtration pressure in the step (a) depends on the material of the small-pore virus removal membrane, it is performed within the range of the pressure resistance of the membrane.
- the range of 0.00 kgf / cm 2 (0.0 kPa) to 1.00 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 ⁇ 10 kPa) is optimal.
- a range of 0.00 kgf / cm 2 (0.0 kPa) to 5.00 kgf / cm 2 (4.9 ⁇ 10 2 kPa) Is the best.
- the step (q) is a low-pressure filtration step in which the solution is filtered at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less to obtain a virus-removed protein solution using the small-pore virus removal membrane described above. And is a step included in the step (a). That is, the step (q) refers to the step of performing filtration at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less in the above step (a).
- filtration of a virus-containing solution using a virus removal membrane is performed at a filtration pressure as high as possible so that a larger amount of protein solution can be processed in a short time.
- the present inventors have found that in the low-pressure filtration step of filtering a virus-containing solution at a low filtration pressure using the above-mentioned small-pore virus removal membrane, the virus may leak into the filtrate and may not be removed. . And in such a low-pressure filtration process, it adjusts so that pH (X) of the solution before filtration and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of a salt may satisfy
- Y (mM) ionic strength
- the filtration pressure can be conveniently measured using a pressure gauge provided in the virus removal apparatus loaded with the small-pore virus removal membrane.
- a pressure gauge can be installed on the supply liquid container side for measurement.
- viruses leak into the filtrate depending on the composition of the pre-filtration solution. While not being bound by theory, the reason for this is that as the filtration pressure decreases, the binding force of the virus on the small-pore virus removal membrane weakens, and the degree of freedom of the virus increases and leaks to the filtrate side. It is considered that this phenomenon becomes apparent when the filtration pressure is 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less.
- the inventors have a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less, for example, around 0.20 kgf / cm 2 (for example, 0.10 kgf / cm 2 to 0.30 kgf / cm 2 , For example, in the case of 0.15 kgf / cm 2 to 0.25 kgf / cm 2 ), when the pH (X) of the solution before filtration and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt satisfy the above formula 1, It has been confirmed that the virus removal rate is high.
- LRV Log Reduction Value
- the virus concentration at the time of calculating LRV can be expressed by an infectious titer, a copy number of viral nucleic acid, or the like.
- examples of the method for measuring the infectivity titer include the TCID50 method and the plaque method.
- the number of copies of viral nucleic acid can be measured using a PCR method or the like.
- the virus removal membrane In general, in the performance evaluation of the virus removal membrane, if the LRV is 4 or more, the virus is sufficiently removed by membrane filtration, and if the LRV is 5 or more, the virus is removed to 1/10 of 10 5 or less. If the LRV is 6 or more, the virus is removed up to 1/6 of 10 or less and almost no virus leaks.
- calculation is performed using the above equation 6 from the virus concentration (C 0 ) in the virus-containing protein solution before the filtration step (a) and the virus concentration (C F ) in the virus-removed protein solution after filtration.
- the LRV is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 5 or more, and still more preferably 6 or more. It is also preferred that the virus concentration (C F ) is below the detection limit.
- the low-pressure filtration step can be performed at a virus removal rate of LRV4 or higher.
- the virus removal rate is lowered. , The virus leaks into the filtrate.
- a low pressure filtration step can be performed at a virus removal rate of LRV5 or higher, and X and Y are
- the low-pressure filtration step can be performed at a higher virus removal rate such that the virus concentration in the filtrate is below the detection limit. . Therefore, by adjusting the pH (X) of the solution before filtration and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt to satisfy the combination of the above formulas, the virus leaks to the filtrate side even at a low filtration pressure. A virus-removed solution can be obtained without exiting.
- the pH (X) of the pre-filtration solution is preferably 3.5 or more and 8.0 or less, and more preferably 4.0 or more and 8.0 or less. If the pH is less than 3.5 or more than 8.0, protein denaturation or degradation may occur.
- the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt of the solution before filtration is the square of the molar concentration (Ci) of each ion and the number of charges of the ion (Zi) for all ionic species derived from the salt dissociated in the solution.
- the product is added together, and is further reduced to 1 ⁇ 2.
- Y 1 / 2 ⁇ (Ci ⁇ Zi 2 ) (Formula 8)
- Examples of the salt-derived ionic species include ions derived from inorganic salts and ions derived from salts constituting buffer components.
- the ionic strength of the salt can be calculated only by the ionic strength of the inorganic salt.
- the inorganic salt is NaCl
- the ionic strength of the salt is the same as the salt concentration of NaCl.
- the buffer component has a role of adjusting pH, and the ionic strength of the salt is often adjusted by adding an inorganic salt (for example, NaCl).
- an inorganic salt for example, NaCl
- the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt of the pre-filtration solution is desirably 500 mM or less as a range that does not affect protein denaturation or aggregate formation. Preferably it is 300 mM or less, More preferably, it is 150 mM or less.
- the low-pressure filtration step can be performed with a high virus removal rate even when the pH (X) of the solution before filtration and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt are in the following ranges. it can.
- the pH of the pre-filtration solution can be adjusted by selecting and increasing / decreasing buffer components such as acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, Tris-HCl buffer, addition of alkali such as NaOH, acid such as HCl, etc. This can be done by addition. Adjustment of the ionic strength of the salt of the solution before filtration can be performed by increasing or decreasing the salt such as NaCl or buffer salt. The pH of the solution before filtration and the ionic strength of the salt can also be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the pH (X) of the pre-filtration solution and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt satisfy the above formulas 1 and 5 or the formulas 4 and 5.
- a buffer solution for example, a washing buffer solution described later
- water, and the like are included.
- the composition of the buffer solution is not particularly limited, and may contain the above-described basic amino acid, inorganic salt, surfactant, saccharide and the like in addition to the above-described buffer solution component. It is preferable that the component which overlaps with the virus containing protein solution in a process (a) is included.
- the pre-filtration solution in the step (q) is a virus-containing protein solution, and 50% or more of the total virus-containing protein solution filtered in the filtration step (a) is a low-pressure filtration step (q ).
- the filtration of a virus-containing protein solution using a small-pore virus filtration membrane is performed at a filtration pressure as high as possible so as to increase the processing efficiency, but there are proteins that are preferably filtered at a low filtration pressure.
- An example of such a protein is an antibody.
- antibodies include monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies.
- 50% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more of the total virus-containing protein solution to be filtered in the filtration step (a) is a low-pressure filtration step. It is desirable to filter at (q).
- the filtration step (a) Is used to obtain a virus-removed protein solution by filtering the virus-containing protein solution at a filtration pressure of 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less, and the pH (X) and salt ions of the pre-filtration solution in the filtration step (a)
- the filtration pressure, Formula 1, Formula 4, and Formula 5 in this case are as described for step (q).
- a virus-containing protein solution suitable for such filtration is a monoclonal antibody solution.
- the filtration step (a) is the following step (p) performed prior to the above-described low-pressure filtration step (q): (P) a high-pressure filtration step of obtaining a virus-removed protein solution by filtering a virus-containing protein solution using a small-pore virus removal membrane at a filtration pressure of more than 0.30 kgf / cm 2 ; including.
- the step (p) is a step included in the step (a) as in the step (q), and the step (a) includes a step of performing filtration at a filtration pressure higher than 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less. Point to.
- the small-pore virus removal membrane, virus-containing protein solution, and filtration method in step (p) are as described for step (a) above.
- the filtration pressure in the step (p) is not particularly limited as long as it depends on the material of the small-pore virus removal membrane, but is higher than 0.30 kgf / cm 2 and less than the pressure resistance of the membrane.
- the range of 0.50 kgf / cm 2 (4.9 ⁇ 10 kPa) to 1.00 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 ⁇ 10 kPa) is optimal.
- the protein inside the membrane increases with the amount of filtration. Particles may remain and clogging may occur. Therefore, there is a case where a work called a post-wash process is performed in which a protein-free solution (washing solution) is filtered to wash out proteins in the membrane to the filtrate side.
- the post-washing process is filtration that is additionally performed after protein filtration in order to recover the protein remaining inside the small-pore virus removal membrane.
- the line which introduces the solution before filtration is switched.
- the filtration pressure remains high, the solution flows backward to the cleaning liquid side, so the filtration pressure is once released to 0.0 kPa.
- the cleaning liquid is filtered again by applying a filtration pressure.
- the pressure drop sufficiently occurs, for example, for 5 seconds or more. When the pressure drop is 1 minute or more, 5 minutes or more, 30 minutes or more, the pressure drop occurs more sufficiently.
- the pre-filtration solution in step (q) is preferably a washing solution that does not contain protein.
- the composition of the washing solution is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a component overlapping with the virus-containing protein solution in the step (a) or (p), and more preferably a washing buffer solution.
- the washing buffer solution is a buffer solution that dissolves the protein when the virus-containing protein solution in the step (a) is produced.
- the post wash process can be performed a plurality of times as necessary.
- step (a) includes a post-wash step, from the virus concentration (C 0 ) in the virus-containing protein solution before the filtration step (a) and the virus concentration (C F ) in the virus removal protein solution after the filtration
- LRV ′ calculated by using is preferably 4 or more (preferably 5 or more). Virus concentration can be measured using the technique described above for Equation 6.
- the virus concentration (C w ) in the washing buffer filtrate after the filtration step (a) refers to the virus concentration of only the washing buffer filtrate to be filtered in the post-wash step.
- Virus from the virus-containing protein solution filtered before the post-wash process remains inside the small-pore virus filtration membrane, and in the post-wash process including filtration at a low filtration pressure, the pH and salt of the pre-filter solution are reduced. Depending on the ionic strength, the virus may leak into the wash buffer filtrate.
- pH (X) and salt ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the solution before filtration to satisfy the above formulas 1 and 5, or the formulas 4 and 5
- virus leakage can be achieved even in the post-wash process. Can be prevented.
- the process includes a case where pressurization is temporarily interrupted during filtration and then the pressurization is resumed (stop and start) Process).
- pressurization is temporarily interrupted during filtration and then the pressurization is resumed (stop and start) Process.
- the filtration pressure is not applied due to circumstances such as the power being turned off, and then the filtration pressure is applied by turning on the power again. I can think.
- the time from when the pressure becomes zero to when the filtration of the washing liquid is started by applying the filtration pressure again is not particularly limited.
- the pressure drop sufficiently occurs, for example, for 5 seconds or more. When the pressure drop is 1 minute or more, 5 minutes or more, 30 minutes or more, the pressure drop occurs more sufficiently.
- the virus may leak to the filtrate side depending on the composition of the pre-filtration solution. This virus leakage can be prevented by the step (q) as described above.
- the pH (X) and the ionic strength (Y (mM)) of the salt in the pre-filtration solution are predetermined.
- the filtration pressure in the step (q) is approximately 0.0 kPa. Cases may be included.
- the repressurization is performed by closing the gap between the small-pore virus removal membrane and the pre-filtration solution supply container, and then setting the pressure on the supply container side to the optimum filtration pressure described in the step (a).
- preliminary filtration can be performed with a filter made of a membrane having a pore size larger than the pore size size of the small-pore virus removing membrane.
- a filter having a large pore size Planova (registered trademark) 35N, Planova (registered trademark) 75N (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd.), 0.1 ⁇ m filter, 0.2 ⁇ m filter, or the like can be used.
- the step (a) can also be performed directly using a small-pore virus removal membrane without preliminary filtration.
- any one or more of chromatography, S / D, concentration, and concentration / buffer exchange may be performed.
- Examples of the chromatography treatment include column chromatography in which an ion exchange resin and a gel filtration resin are packed in a column, and membrane chromatography in which an ion exchange group is added to the surface of the porous membrane.
- chromatographic separation modes gel filtration chromatography, ion exchange chromatography (cation exchange: CEX, anion exchange: AEX), hydrophobic chromatography (HIC), affinity chromatography, metal chelate affinity chromatography, hydroxyapatite Examples include chromatography. Chromatography in which ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction are combined may be used as a chromatography ligand.
- the S / D treatment can be performed by inactivating the virus according to a known method using TNBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate) as an organic solvent and Tween 80 as a surfactant.
- TNBP tri-n-butyl phosphate
- the concentration treatment can be performed by a method using an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane according to a known method. It can be performed by centrifugal concentration.
- UF ultrafiltration
- the buffer exchange treatment can be performed simultaneously with the concentration using an ultrafiltration membrane according to a known method. It can also be performed by gel filtration. It can also be performed by a dialysis method using a dialysis membrane.
- the obtained virus-removed protein solution can be purified by chromatography. Further, the concentration can be further increased by UF processing.
- the virus-removed protein solution obtained in the step (a), a purified product or a concentrated product thereof can be finally formulated into a liquid composition as it is. Moreover, saccharides, surfactants, etc. can be added and it can also make a final formulation. Buffer exchange with solvents of other compositions is also possible. Further, freeze-drying treatment can also be performed.
- This embodiment also relates to a virus removal protein preparation obtained by the above production method.
- the present embodiment also relates to a virus removal method in a virus-containing protein solution, characterized in that the above-described step (a) (including step (q)) is performed.
- Planova registered trademark 20N (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd.) made of a cellulose hollow fiber membrane was used as the small pore virus removal membrane.
- the pH was measured using a pH meter.
- the ionic strength of the salt was calculated from the amount of salt (salt concentration) used in preparing each solution.
- the filtrate was filtered through each of the following examples, 10-fold due to their 3% FBS / D-MEM, 10 2 -fold, 10 3 fold to prepare a 10 4 fold and 105-fold dilutions. Further, for each original solution (virus-containing protein solution) collected immediately before the filtration, 10 2 times, 10 3 times, 10 4 times, 10 5 times, 10 6 times and 10 7 times of those by 3% FBS / D-MEM are used. A double dilution was prepared.
- the TCID50 (0% infectious titer) was measured by the erythrocyte adsorption method (see Virus Experiments, General Review, National Institutes of Preventive Health, p. 173) for the cell culture plate cultured for 10 days.
- Chicken-preserved blood (manufactured by Nippon Biotest) was diluted 5-fold with PBS (-) (manufactured by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., as described in the instructions attached to the product) and then 2500 (rpm) at 4 ° C. After centrifuging for 5 minutes to precipitate erythrocytes, the supernatant was removed by aspiration, and the resulting precipitate containing erythrocytes was again diluted 200-fold with the above PBS ( ⁇ ).
- 100 ( ⁇ L) of the prepared erythrocyte precipitate in PBS ( ⁇ ) was dispensed into all wells of the cell culture plate and allowed to stand for 2 hours, and then the erythrocyte adsorbed onto the surface of the cultured cell tissue. The presence or absence was confirmed visually, and the wells that were confirmed to be adsorbed were counted as wells where virus infection occurred, and those that were not adsorbed were counted as wells without infection.
- Example 1 Filtration using a virus removal membrane at different filtration pressures
- each protein solution polyclonal antibody solution having a pH of 4, 4.6, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and a salt ionic strength of 100 mM was prepared (Experimental Examples 1 to 16).
- 0.5 vol% of PPV pig parvovirus, association of animal biological preparations, the same applies to Examples 2 to 4 below was added to each and stirred well to obtain a virus-containing protein solution.
- each filtration pressure and pH The relationship between each filtration pressure and pH and the virus removal rate (LRV) is shown in Table 1 below. As shown in Table 1, when the filtration pressure was high, the virus removal rate was maintained high even when the pH changed, but when the filtration pressure was low, along with the pH drop of the virus-containing protein solution before filtration, It became clear that the virus removal rate decreased and the virus leaked.
- Example 2 Low-pressure continuous filtration of virus-containing protein solutions having different pH and salt ionic strength
- each protein solution polyclonal antibody solution having pH and salt ionic strength shown in Table 1 as Experimental Examples 17 to 31 was prepared.
- 0.5 vol% of PPV pig parvovirus
- a virus-containing protein solution was prepared.
- dead end fill was performed at a filtration pressure of 0.20 kgf / cm 2 (2.0 ⁇ 10 kPa) using a small pore virus removal membrane (Planova (registered trademark) 20N) having a membrane area of 0.001 m 2.
- the torsion was performed until the filtration amount reached 50 L / m 2 .
- the filtration pressure was measured by installing a pressure gauge on the supply liquid container side.
- the PPV removal rate (LRV) at 50 L / m 2 pool was measured by the method described in (ii) above, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- the virus removal rate of small-pore virus filtration membranes is not easily affected by the type of protein before filtration, so it is considered that similar results can be obtained even when a protein solution other than a polyclonal antibody solution is used. It was. Further, the filtration pressure is around 0.20 kgf / cm 2 , for example, 0.30 kgf / cm 2 or less, more specifically 0.10 kgf / cm 2 to 0.30 kgf / cm 2 , and more specifically 0.15 kgf / cm 2. In the case of ⁇ 0.25 kgf / cm 2 , it was considered that similar results were obtained.
- Example 3 Filtration through a small-pore virus removal membrane including a post-wash process
- each protein solution polyclonal antibody solution having pH and salt ionic strength shown in Table 3 as Experimental Examples 32-34 was prepared.
- 0.5 vol% of PPV pig parvovirus
- a virus-containing protein solution was obtained for each of the solutions obtained.
- dead end was obtained at a filtration pressure of 0.80 kgf / cm 2 (7.8 ⁇ 10 kPa) using a small pore virus removal membrane (Planova® 20N) having a membrane area of 0.001 m 2.
- Virus Filtration was performed until the amount of filtration reached 100 L / m 2 (referred to as “Virus Filtration fraction”).
- the filtration pressure was measured by installing a pressure gauge on the supply liquid container side. After reaching the predetermined filtration amount, the supply liquid container outlet line was closed, and then the pressure on the supply liquid side (external) was first released until the pressure became 0.0 kPa. Further, the outlet side line on the primary side of the filtration membrane (supply liquid side through the membrane) was opened, and the pressure in the filtration membrane was also released to 0.0 kPa and left for 3 hours.
- a pH- and salt-ionic strength washing solution (containing no virus) shown in Table 3 as Experimental Examples 32-34 was prepared in the same manner as in (i) above, except that no polyclonal antibody was used. Furthermore, after switching to the supply liquid container containing the above-mentioned cleaning liquid and pressurizing to 0.80 kgf / cm 2 with the supply liquid container outlet line closed, the supply liquid container outlet line is opened, and the cleaning liquid Using a small-pore virus removal membrane, 5 L / m 2 was filtered at a pressure of 0.80 kgf / cm 2 (7.8 ⁇ 10 kPa) (referred to as “Post-wash fraction”).
- Example 4 Filtration through a small-pore virus removal membrane including a stop-and-start process
- each protein solution polyclonal antibody solution having pH and salt ionic strength shown as Experimental Examples 35 to 37 in Table 3 was prepared.
- 0.5 vol% of PPV pig parvovirus
- a small pore virus removal membrane Plantova® 20N having a membrane area of 0.001 m 2 at a pressure of 0.80 kgf / cm 2 (7.8 ⁇ 10 kPa).
- the filtration was performed until the amount of filtration reached 100 L / m 2 (referred to as virus filtration fraction).
- the filtration pressure was measured by installing a pressure gauge on the supply liquid container side. After reaching the predetermined filtration amount, the supply liquid container outlet line was closed, and then the pressure on the supply liquid side (external) was first released until the pressure became 0.0 kPa. Further, the outlet side line on the primary side of the filtration membrane (supply liquid side through the membrane) was opened, and the pressure in the filtration membrane was also released to 0.0 kPa and left for 3 hours.
- the supply liquid container outlet line is opened and the virus-containing protein solution is again used with the small pore virus removal membrane after being left standing.
- 10 L / m 2 was filtered at a pressure of 0.80 kgf / cm 2 (7.8 ⁇ 10 kPa) (referred to as “Stop & Start fraction”).
- the LRV of the Virus Filtration fraction and the LRV of the Stop & Start fraction were calculated by the method described in (ii) above, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- a protein preparation with a high virus removal rate can be provided in the production of a virus removal protein preparation using a small pore virus removal membrane, which includes a filtration step under a low filtration pressure. Therefore, for example, a protein preparation with a high virus removal rate can be provided even in filtration of a protein solution with the filtration pressure fixed at a low pressure, filtration including a post-wash process, and filtration including a stop-and-start process. It has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
〔1〕
以下の工程(a):
(a)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いてウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る濾過工程;
を含むウイルス除去タンパク質製剤の製造方法であって、
濾過工程(a)が、以下の工程(q):
(q)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る低圧濾過工程;
を含み、
低圧濾過工程(q)における濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす方法。
〔2〕
前記工程(q)における濾過前溶液が、ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液であって、
濾過工程(a)で濾過される全ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液の50%以上が低圧濾過工程(q)で濾過される、〔1〕に記載の方法。
〔3〕
濾過工程(a)が、小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下でウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る工程であり、濾過工程(a)における濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、〔1〕に記載の方法。
〔4〕
濾過工程(a)が、低圧濾過工程(q)に先立って行われる以下の工程(p):
(p)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2超でウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る高圧濾過工程;
を含む、〔1〕に記載の方法。
〔5〕
低圧濾過工程(q)における濾過前溶液が洗浄用緩衝液である、〔4〕に記載の方法。
〔6〕
低圧濾過工程(q)が、ポストウォッシュ工程あるいはストップアンドスタート工程である、〔4〕又は〔5〕に記載の方法。
〔7〕
低圧濾過工程(q)における濾過溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式2及び式5:
0≦Y≦50X-200 (式2)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔8〕
低圧濾過工程(q)における濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式3及び式5:
0≦Y≦50X-250 (式3)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、〔1〕~〔6〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔9〕
低圧濾過工程(q)が、小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.20kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る工程である、〔1〕~〔8〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔10〕
濾過工程(a)前のウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と濾過後のウイルス除去タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(CF)から以下の式6:
LRV=log10(C0/CF) (式6)
を用いて算出されるLRV(Log Reduction Value)が4以上である、〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔11〕
濾過工程(a)前のウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と濾過後のウイルス除去タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(CF)から以下の式6:
LRV=log10(C0/CF) (式6)
を用いて算出されるLRV(Log Reduction Value)が4以上であり、
濾過工程(a)前のウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と、濾過工程(a)後の洗浄用緩衝液濾液中のウイルス濃度(Cw)から以下の式7:
LRV’=log10(C0/Cw) (式7)
を用いて算出されるLRV’が4以上である、〔5〕又は〔6〕に記載の方法。
〔12〕
小孔ウイルス除去膜の材質が、セルロース又は親水化された合成高分子である、〔1〕~〔11〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔13〕
小孔ウイルス除去膜の材質が、親水化された合成高分子であり、前記合成高分子が、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン及びポリエチレンからなる群から選択される、〔1〕~〔12〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔14〕
小孔ウイルス除去膜の形状が、平膜又は中空糸膜である〔1〕~〔13〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔15〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のタンパク質濃度が、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、〔1〕~〔14〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔16〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、各種モノクローナル抗体、遺伝子組み換え血液凝固因子、インターフェロン、各種ホルモン、各種酵素、免疫グロブリン、アルブミン、血液凝固第VIII因子、血液凝固第IX因子、フィブリノーゲン及びアンチトロンビンIIIからなる群から選択される1種以上のタンパク質含む、〔1〕~〔15〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔17〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、タンパク質として抗体を含む、〔1〕~〔15〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔18〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、タンパク質として血液凝固第VIII因子又はフィブリノーゲンを含む、請求項〔1〕~〔15〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔19〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、ヒトパルボウイルスB19(B19)、マウス微小ウイルス(MVM)、ブタパルボウイルス(PPV)、ウシパルボウイルス(BPV)、イヌパルボウイルス(CPV)、ポリオウイルス(Polio)、サーコウイルス、A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)及びE型肝炎ウイルス(HEV)からなる群から選択される1種以上のウイルスを含有する、〔1〕~〔18〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔20〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、エンベロープを持たない直径32nm以下のウイルスを含有する、〔1〕~〔19〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔21〕
ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、無機塩、緩衝液成分、界面活性剤及び糖類からなる群から選択される1種以上の成分を含有する、〔1〕~〔20〕のいずれかに記載の方法。
〔22〕
以下の工程(a):
(a)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いてウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る濾過工程;
を含むウイルス除去タンパク質製剤の製造方法であって、
濾過工程(a)が、以下の工程(q):
(q)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る低圧濾過工程;
を含み、低圧濾過工程(q)に先立って、工程(q)における濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たすよう、濾過前溶液を調整する工程を含む方法。
〔23〕
〔1〕~〔22〕のいずれかに記載の方法で得られる、ウイルス除去タンパク質製剤。
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす場合、ウイルス除去された濾液を得ることができる。
0≦Y≦50X-200 (式2)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たすことがより好ましい場合があり、さらに以下の式3及び式5:
0≦Y≦50X-250 (式3)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たすことが特に好ましい場合がある。
LRV=log10(C0/CF) (式6)
Y=1/2Σ(Ci×Zi2) (式8)
3.5≦X<4であり、Y=0である場合;
4≦X<4.6であり、0≦Y≦50、好ましくは0≦Y≦10、より好ましくはY=0である場合;
4.6≦X<5であり、0≦Y≦100、好ましくは0≦Y≦50、より好ましくは0≦Y≦10、さらに好ましくはY=0である場合;
5≦X<6であり、0≦Y≦150、好ましくは0≦Y≦100、より好ましくは0≦Y≦50、さらに好ましくはY=0である場合;及び
6≦X≦8であり、0≦Y≦300,好ましくは、0≦Y≦150、より好ましくは、0≦Y≦100である場合。
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす。
この場合の濾過圧力、式1、式4及び式5に関しては、工程(q)について記載したとおりである。また、このような濾過に適したウイルス含有タンパク質溶液は、モノクローナル抗体溶液である。
(p)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2超でウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る高圧濾過工程;
を含む。工程(p)は、工程(q)と同様、上記の工程(a)に含まれる工程であり、工程(a)のうち、0.30kgf/cm2以下より高い濾過圧力で濾過を行う工程を指す。
工程(p)における、小孔ウイルス除去膜、ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液及び濾過方法は、上記工程(a)について説明したとおりである。
LRV’=log10(C0/Cw) (式7)
を用いて算出されるLRV’が4以上(好ましくは5以上)であることが好ましい。ウイルス濃度は、式6について上述した手法を用いて測定することができる。
(a)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いてウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る濾過工程;
を含むウイルス除去タンパク質製剤の製造方法であって、濾過工程(a)が、以下の工程
(q):
(q)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る低圧濾過工程;
を含み、低圧濾過工程(q)に先立って、工程(q)における濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たすよう調整する工程を含む方法にも関する。
ポリクローナル抗体(ヒトIgG)(ヴェノグロブリン-IH、ベネシス社製)を用いて、抗体濃度が10mg/mLになるように注射用水(大塚製薬)で希釈した。また、以下の各実施例に示した塩のイオン強度になるように1M NaCl水溶液を用いて調製した。さらに、pHは0.1M HCl又は0.1M NaOHを用いて、以下の各実施例に示したpHになるように調整した。
培養したPK-13細胞(ATCCより入手、ATCC No.CRL-6489)を、牛血清(Upstate社製、56℃の水浴で30分間加熱し、非働化させた後に使用)3体積%及びペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(+10000 Units/mL Penicillin、+10000μg/mL Streptomycin、インビトロジェン製)1体積%含有D-MEM(インビトロジェン製、high-glucose)(この混合液は以後「3%FBS/D-MEM」と記載)で希釈し、細胞濃度2.0×105(cells/mL)の希釈懸濁液を調製した。この細胞懸濁液を、96well丸底細胞培養プレート(Falcon社製)を10枚準備し、全てのwellに100(μL)ずつ分注した。
LRV=log10(C0/CF)
ここで、
C0=小孔ウイルス除去膜で濾過する前の元液(ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液)中の感染価;
CF=小孔ウイルス除去膜で濾過した後の溶液中の感染価;
である。
上記の(i)に記載の方法で、pH4、4.6、5、6、7又は8、塩のイオン強度は全て100mMの各タンパク質溶液(ポリクローナル抗体溶液)を調製した(実験例1~16)。その後、それぞれにPPV(ブタパルボウイルス、社団法人 動物用生物学的製剤協会、以下実施例2~4についても同様)を0.5vol%添加し、よく攪拌してウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を得た。
得られた各溶液について、膜面積0.001m2の小孔ウイルス除去膜(Planova(登録商標)20N)を用いて、0.10、0.20、0.50又は0.80kgf/cm2の濾過圧力でデッドエンドフィルトレーションを、濾過量が50L/m2に到達するまで行った。濾過圧力は供給液容器側に圧力計を設置して測定した。50L/m2 poolでのPPVの除去率を上記(ii)に記載の方法で測定した。
上記(i)の方法で、表1に実験例17~31として示すpH及び塩のイオン強度の各タンパク質溶液(ポリクローナル抗体溶液)を調製した。その後、それぞれにPPV(ブタパルボウイルス)を0.5vol%添加し、よく攪拌してウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を得た。
得られた各溶液について、膜面積0.001m2の小孔ウイルス除去膜(Planova(登録商標)20N)を用いて0.20kgf/cm2(2.0×10kPa)の濾過圧力でデッドエンドフィルトレーションを、濾過量が50L/m2に到達するまで行った。濾過圧力は供給液容器側に圧力計を設置して測定した。50L/m2 poolでのPPVの除去率(LRV)を上記(ii)に記載の方法で測定し、結果を表2に示した。
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
Y=0 (式4)
0≦Y≦50X-200 (式2)
Y=0 (式4)
Y≦50X-250 (式3)
Y=0 (式4)
上記(i)の方法で、表3に実験例32~34として示すpH及び塩のイオン強度の各タンパク質溶液(ポリクローナル抗体溶液)を調製した。その後、それぞれにPPV(ブタパルボウイルス)を0.5vol%添加し、よく攪拌してウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を得た。
得られた各溶液について、膜面積0.001m2の小孔ウイルス除去膜(Planova(登録商標)20N)を用いて0.80kgf/cm2(7.8×10kPa)の濾過圧力で、デッドエンドフィルトレーションを、濾過量が100L/m2に到達するまで行った(Virus Filtration画分と呼ぶ)。濾過圧力は供給液容器側に圧力計を設置して測定した。
所定濾過量まで到達後、供給液容器出口ラインを閉止し、その後、まず、供給液側(外部)の圧力を0.0kPaになるまで開放した。さらに、濾過膜の一次側(膜を介して供給液側)の出口側ラインを開放し、濾過膜内の圧力も0.0kPaに開放後、3時間放置した。
次に、ポリクロナール抗体を用いない以外は上記(i)と同様の方法で、表3に実験例32~34として示すpH及び塩のイオン強度の洗浄液(ウイルス非含有)を調整した。さらに、上記の洗浄液が入った供給液容器に切り替え、供給液容器出口ラインを閉止したまま、0.80kgf/cm2まで加圧したのち、供給液容器出口ラインを開き、洗浄液を、放置後の小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて0.80kgf/cm2(7.8×10kPa)の圧力で5L/m2濾過した(Post-wash画分と呼ぶ)。
Virus Filtration画分のLRVを上記(ii)に記載の方法で算出し、結果を表3に示した。また、Post-wash画分のみのLRV’を、濾過前のウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と、洗浄液のみ濾過後の洗浄液濾液中のウイルス濃度(Cw)から、以下の式7:
LRV’=log10(C0/Cw) (式7)
を用いて算出し、結果を同様に表3に示した。
実験例34では、Virus Filtration画分のLRVは高いにもかかわらず、Post-wash画分のLRV’が低くなっていることから、低い濾過圧力(濾過圧力0.0kPa)での濾過を含むPost-wash画分にウイルスが漏れ出ていることが明らかになった。一方、実験例32及び33では、このような低い濾過圧力での濾過を含む場合でもウイルス除去率が高かった。
上記(i)の方法で、表3に実験例35~37として示すpH及び塩のイオン強度の各タンパク質溶液(ポリクローナル抗体溶液)を調製した。その後、それぞれにPPV(ブタパルボウイルス)を0.5vol%添加し、よく攪拌してウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を得た。
得られた各溶液について膜面積0.001m2の小孔ウイルス除去膜(Planova(登録商標)20N)を用いて0.80kgf/cm2(7.8×10kPa)の圧力で、デッドエンドフィルトレーションを、濾過量が100L/m2に到達するまで行った(Virus Filtration画分と呼ぶ)。濾過圧力は供給液容器側に圧力計を設置して測定した。
所定濾過量まで到達後、供給液容器出口ラインを閉止し、その後、まず、供給液側(外部)の圧力を0.0kPaになるまで開放した。さらに、濾過膜の一次側(膜を介して供給液側)の出口側ラインを開放し、濾過膜内の圧力も0.0kPaに開放後、3時間放置した。
次に、供給液容器出口ラインを閉止し、0.80kgf/cm2まで加圧したのち、供給液容器出口ラインを開き、ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を、再度、放置後の小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて0.80kgf/cm2(7.8×10kPa)の圧力で10L/m2濾過した(Stop&Start画分と呼ぶ)。
Virus Filtration画分のLRV及びStop&Start画分のLRVを上記(ii)に記載の方法で算出し、結果を表4に示した。実験例37では、Virus Filtration画分のLRVは高いにもかかわらず、Stop&Start画分のLRVが低くなっていることから、低い濾過圧力(濾過圧力0.0kPa)での濾過を含むStop&Start画分にウイルスが漏れ出ていることが明らかになった。一方、実験例35及び36では、このような低い濾過圧力での濾過を含む場合でもウイルス除去率が高かった。
Claims (23)
- 以下の工程(a):
(a)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いてウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る濾過工程;
を含むウイルス除去タンパク質製剤の製造方法であって、
濾過工程(a)が、以下の工程(q):
(q)前記小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過して前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る低圧濾過工程;
を含み、
低圧濾過工程(q)における前記濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす方法。 - 前記工程(q)における前記濾過前溶液が、前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液であって、
濾過工程(a)で濾過される全ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液の50%以上が低圧濾過工程(q)で濾過される、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 濾過工程(a)が、前記小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過して前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る工程であり、濾過工程(a)における前記濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 濾過工程(a)が、低圧濾過工程(q)に先立って行われる以下の工程(p):
(p)前記小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2超で前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過して前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る高圧濾過工程;
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 低圧濾過工程(q)における前記濾過前溶液が洗浄用緩衝液である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 低圧濾過工程(q)が、ポストウォッシュ工程あるいはストップアンドスタート工程である、請求項4又は5に記載の方法。
- 低圧濾過工程(q)における前記濾過溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式2及び式5:
0≦Y≦50X-200 (式2)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 低圧濾過工程(q)における前記濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式3及び式5:
0≦Y≦50X-250 (式3)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たす、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 低圧濾過工程(q)が、前記小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.20kgf/cm2以下で前記溶液を濾過して前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る工程である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 濾過工程(a)前の前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と濾過後の前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(CF)から以下の式6:
LRV=log10(C0/CF) (式6)
を用いて算出されるLRV(Log Reduction Value)が4以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 濾過工程(a)前の前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と濾過後の前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(CF)から以下の式6:
LRV=log10(C0/CF) (式6)
を用いて算出されるLRV(Log Reduction Value)が4以上であり、
濾過工程(a)前の前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のウイルス濃度(C0)と、濾過工程(a)後の前記洗浄用緩衝液濾液中のウイルス濃度(Cw)から以下の式7:
LRV’=log10(C0/Cw) (式7)
を用いて算出されるLRV’が4以上である、請求項5又は6に記載の方法。 - 前記小孔ウイルス除去膜の材質が、セルロース又は親水化された合成高分子である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記小孔ウイルス除去膜の材質が、親水化された合成高分子であり、前記合成高分子が、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリスルホン及びポリエチレンからなる群から選択される、請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記小孔ウイルス除去膜の形状が、平膜又は中空糸膜である、請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液中のタンパク質濃度が、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、モノクローナル抗体、遺伝子組み換え血液凝固因子、インターフェロン、ホルモン、酵素、免疫グロブリン、アルブミン、血液凝固第VIII因子、血液凝固第IX因子、フィブリノーゲン及びアンチトロンビンIIIからなる群から選択される1種以上のタンパク質含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、タンパク質として抗体を含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、タンパク質として血液凝固第VIII因子又はフィブリノーゲンを含む、請求項1~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、ヒトパルボウイルスB19(B19)、マウス微小ウイルス(MVM)、ブタパルボウイルス(PPV)、ウシパルボウイルス(BPV)、イヌパルボウイルス(CPV)、ポリオウイルス(Polio)、サーコウイルス、A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV)及びE型肝炎ウイルス(HEV)からなる群から選択される1種以上のウイルスを含有する、請求項1~18のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、エンベロープを持たない直径32nm以下のウイルスを含有する、請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルス含有タンパク質溶液が、無機塩、緩衝液成分、界面活性剤及び糖類からなる群から選択される1種以上の成分を含有する、請求項1~20のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 以下の工程(a):
(a)小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いてウイルス含有タンパク質溶液を濾過してウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る濾過工程;
を含むウイルス除去タンパク質製剤の製造方法であって、
濾過工程(a)が、以下の工程(q):
(q)前記小孔ウイルス除去膜を用いて、濾過圧力0.30kgf/cm2以下で溶液を濾過して前記ウイルス除去タンパク質溶液を得る低圧濾過工程;
を含み、低圧濾過工程(q)に先立って、工程(q)における前記濾過前溶液のpH(X)及び塩のイオン強度(Y(mM))が、以下の式1及び式5:
0≦Y≦150X-590 (式1)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
又は、以下の式4及び式5:
Y=0 (式4)
3.5≦X≦8.0 (式5)
を満たすよう、前記濾過前溶液を調整する工程を含む方法。 - 請求項1~22のいずれか1項に記載の方法で得られる、ウイルス除去タンパク質製剤。
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JP2018510166A (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2018-04-12 | アレクシオン ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッドAlexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | ウイルス濾過 |
JP2022058979A (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2022-04-12 | アレクシオン ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | ウイルス濾過 |
JP7133925B2 (ja) | 2015-03-23 | 2022-09-09 | アレクシオン ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | ウイルス濾過 |
US11919925B2 (en) | 2015-03-23 | 2024-03-05 | Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Virus filtration |
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WO2018030437A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2018-02-15 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | ブタサーコウイルスが夾雑する溶液の処理方法 |
JPWO2018030437A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-09 | 2019-04-11 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | ブタサーコウイルスが夾雑する溶液の処理方法 |
WO2018230397A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2018-12-20 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | タンパク質含有液のろ過方法 |
JPWO2018230397A1 (ja) * | 2017-06-12 | 2019-11-07 | 旭化成メディカル株式会社 | タンパク質含有液のろ過方法 |
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US11590452B2 (en) | 2017-06-12 | 2023-02-28 | Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. | Method for filtering protein-containing liquid |
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ES2641042T8 (es) | 2018-10-16 |
US20140199262A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
EP2725033A1 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
CN103608352A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
JP5711369B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
JPWO2012176876A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
EP2725033A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
ES2641042T3 (es) | 2017-11-07 |
EP2725033B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US9359397B2 (en) | 2016-06-07 |
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