WO2012172678A1 - 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04395—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of cathode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04619—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04783—Pressure differences, e.g. between anode and cathode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack that generates electric power upon receiving a reaction gas and a control method for the fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell is composed of a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of fuel cells (single cells) are stacked, and each single cell is a membrane formed by arranging an anode electrode on one surface of an electrolyte membrane and a cathode electrode on the other surface. It has an electrode assembly, and this membrane-electrode assembly is sandwiched between a gas flow path layer and a separator.
- a fuel gas containing hydrogen is supplied to the anode electrode, and protons are generated from the fuel gas by an oxidation reaction represented by the following formula (1). The generated protons move through the electrolyte membrane to the cathode electrode.
- the other cathode electrode is supplied with an oxidant gas containing oxygen, and oxygen reacts with protons that have moved from the anode electrode to produce water by the reduction reaction shown in the following formula (2).
- the fuel cell as a whole has an electromotive reaction of the formula (3), and electric energy is taken out from the electrodes by using an electrochemical reaction generated on the surface of the electrolyte membrane side of the pair of electrode structures.
- the generated water is indicated by reference numeral 30 in FIG. 1
- the generated water is frozen and frozen once in a low temperature environment such as below freezing point.
- the generated water may be melted by the driving heat of the fuel cell and stay in the fuel cell again as water. If the water in the fuel cell freezes or stays in this way, the reaction gas flow path is blocked, gas diffusion is inhibited, and the output of the fuel cell is reduced.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-44795 discloses that power generation characteristics are improved by controlling the pressure of the reaction gas supplied to the fuel cell stack at the time of starting below freezing to be higher than the normal operation pressure. Has been. By increasing the supply pressure of the reaction gas, the gas is forcibly supplied to the reaction surface to compensate for a decrease in gas diffusivity.
- Patent Document 1 is a technique that suppresses a decrease in gas diffusibility by supplying a larger amount of reaction gas than usual, and makes it possible to sufficiently supply gas to the reaction surface.
- the fuel cell temperature is below freezing point. In the case of, it is effective. However, if the frozen water thaws and the generated water suddenly occurs when the fuel cell temperature exceeds 0 degrees, the generated water closes the gas flow path, so that the generated water is sufficiently drained. The amount of gas supplied to the reaction surface may decrease.
- the ice present in the fuel cell when starting below freezing is present not only in the gas flow path, but also in the membrane-electrode assembly and in the catalyst layer. A decrease occurs.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system capable of satisfactorily discharging water generated by melting frozen ice and improving the output of the fuel cell in a fuel cell started in a low temperature environment, and the control of the fuel cell system It aims to provide a method.
- the present invention is a fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack for generating power by supplying a fuel gas to an anode electrode and an oxidant gas to a cathode electrode, and a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature in the fuel cell stack; A pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of the cathode electrode, a pressure regulator for adjusting the pressure of the cathode electrode, and a temperature in the fuel cell stack measured by the temperature sensor after starting below freezing exceeds 0 degrees. And a pressure control unit that controls the pressure regulator so as to apply a pulsation to the pressure of the cathode electrode.
- the remaining water is effectively discharged by adding pulsation to the pressure on the cathode electrode side.
- gas flow can be performed not only by flowing gas but also by using a pressure gradient, the gas flow path is blocked in the membrane-electrode assembly and in the catalyst layer together with water remaining in the gas flow path. It is possible to reliably discharge the water that is being discharged. Further, since the temperature in the fuel cell rises with the increase in pressure, the warm-up effect of the fuel cell can be obtained. Note that the pressure pulsation in the present invention is to instantaneously change the pressure increase / decrease.
- the pressure control unit temporarily increases the inlet pressure of the cathode electrode by the pressure regulator and then reduces the pressure to a level not lower than the reference pressure value to add pulsation to the pressure. Is preferred.
- the water staying in the vicinity of the inlet can be preferentially discharged by increasing or decreasing the cathode inlet pressure, and the amount of gas supplied to the cathode can be increased. Moreover, since pressure pulsation is applied at a reference pressure value or more, it is possible to suppress a decrease in output even when the pressure is reduced.
- the pressure control unit further comprises an output measuring device for measuring the output of the fuel cell stack, and when the output of the fuel cell stack measured by the output measuring device is determined to be less than or equal to a required output value, It is preferable to control the pressure regulator.
- the required output value indicates an output value required for operation, and is a value that can be arbitrarily set.
- pressure pulsation is performed only when the output drops due to thawing of frozen water, and water in the fuel cell is effectively discharged by adding the minimum pulsation necessary for output recovery. And it can suppress that an output pressure is reduced by adding pressure pulsation excessively. Thereby, the pressure state and gas flow state after pressure pulsation can be stabilized at an early stage.
- the present invention provides a control method of a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates power by supplying fuel gas to an anode electrode and supplying an oxidant gas to a cathode electrode, and the temperature of the fuel cell is less than a reference temperature below freezing point at start-up.
- the sub-freezing start control is performed at the time of sub-freezing start, and then, when it is determined that the ice has thawed, the pressure pulsation is applied to the cathode electrode, thereby It is possible to discharge.
- a fuel cell system in a fuel cell that starts under a low-temperature environment, a fuel cell system and a fuel cell that can discharge water generated by melting frozen ice well and improve the output of the fuel cell.
- a system control method can be provided.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation control process for supplying an oxidant gas in the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a pressure fluctuation
- FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell 10.
- the fuel cell 10 includes an electrolyte membrane 12, an anode catalyst layer 14, a cathode catalyst layer 16, an anode diffusion layer 18, and a cathode diffusion layer 20.
- the electrolyte membrane 12 is made of an ion exchange membrane and has proton conductivity.
- the anode catalyst layer 14 and the cathode catalyst layer 16 are disposed on both sides of the electrolyte membrane 12, and the anode diffusion layer 18 is disposed on the opposite side of the anode catalyst layer 14 from the electrolyte membrane 12, and the cathode catalyst layer 16 is disposed on the opposite side of the electrolyte 12.
- the cathode diffusion layer 20 is disposed to form the membrane electrode assembly 22.
- the separator 25 is disposed on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly 22 to form the fuel cell 10, and a plurality of the fuel cells 10 are stacked to form the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel gas supplied from the outside of the cell 10 passes through the fuel gas flow path 26 and is supplied to the anode diffusion layer 18 and the anode catalyst layer 14, and the oxidant gas passes through the oxidant gas flow path 28 and the cathode diffusion layer 20. , And supplied to the cathode catalyst layer 16.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the fuel cell system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- compressed air is supplied as an oxidant gas to the cathode electrode (the chamber on the anode side of the fuel cell) of the fuel cell stack 1. That is, the air sucked from the filter 32 is compressed by the compressor 41 and then supplied from the pipe 51 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the supply pressure of air is detected by the pressure sensor 42 and controlled to a predetermined reference pressure such as 150 kPa.
- Exhaust gas from the cathode electrode (cathode side chamber of the fuel cell) is discharged to the outside through the pipe 52 and the diluter 43.
- the supply pressure of air is detected by a pressure sensor 42 provided in the pipe 51 and is adjusted by a back pressure valve 45.
- a pressure sensor 42 provided in the pipe 51 and is adjusted by a back pressure valve 45.
- the opening degree of the back pressure valve 45 is increased, the outlet pressure is reduced, and a differential pressure is generated as a difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure.
- Hydrogen gas stored in the hydrogen tank 46 is supplied to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1 through the pipe 53.
- the hydrogen gas stored at a high pressure in the hydrogen tank 46 is supplied to the anode with the pressure and supply amount adjusted by a shut valve 47, a regulator 48, and a valve 49 provided at the outlet.
- Exhaust gas from the anode flows out into the pipe 54 and splits into two on the way.
- One is connected to a pipe 55 and a diluter 43 for discharging hydrogen gas to the outside, and is diluted with air and then discharged to the outside.
- the other is connected to the pipe 56 via the pressurizing pump 50 and circulated again to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cooling water that cools the fuel cell stack 1 flows through the cooling pipe 61 by the pump 60, is cooled by the radiator 62, and is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- a temperature sensor 64 for detecting the coolant temperature is provided at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1. Since the coolant circulates in the fuel cell stack 1, the coolant temperature measured by the temperature sensor 64 can be used as the fuel cell temperature.
- the fuel cell temperature may be detected by attaching a temperature sensor directly to the fuel cell stack.
- the fuel cell system 40 is provided with a control unit (ECU) 66 that controls the fuel cell system 40. Detection signals from the pressure sensor 42 and the temperature sensor 64 are input to the control unit 66, and control signals are supplied to the back pressure valve 45, the valve 49, the compressor 41, and the like. The voltage value and current value detected by the cell monitor 70 are also input to the control unit 66. Further, an ignition switch 68 is connected to the controller 66, and an ignition ON / OFF signal is input. Note that some of the signals input to and output from the controller 66 are indicated by dotted lines in the figure.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing contents of the control of the fuel cell system shown in FIG.
- an operation start signal is input (IG-ON), and the process proceeds to step S101.
- step S101 the temperature sensor 64 measures the temperature T1 in the fuel cell stack 1 and inputs it to the controller 66.
- the controller 66 determines whether or not the temperature T1 is equal to or greater than 0 degrees. If the temperature T1 is greater than 0 degrees, the process proceeds to step S109, and room temperature start control is performed. When the temperature T is 0 ° C. or less, the process proceeds to step S102 and the below-freezing start control is performed.
- the below-freezing start control is started while raising the temperature of the fuel cell stack while performing low-efficiency power generation as compared with the normal temperature start control.
- Low-efficiency power generation refers to power generation in which the amount of reaction gas, particularly oxidant gas, supplied to the fuel cell is smaller than that during normal power generation, thereby causing large power loss.
- the fuel cell is operated in a state where the air stoichiometric ratio is reduced to around 1.0 as compared with the normal temperature start control.
- the fuel cell can be quickly warmed up.
- the fuel cell is operated in a state where the stoichiometric ratio is set to 1.5 or higher so that high power generation efficiency can be obtained while suppressing power loss.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram in which the fuel cell state is divided into three stages based on the fuel cell temperature and the remaining water amount at the time of starting.
- step S102 After the below-freezing start control is performed in step S102, the process proceeds to step S103, and the temperature sensor 64 measures the temperature T2 in the fuel cell stack 1 again. Similar to step S101, the measured temperature T2 is input to the control unit 66, and the control unit 66 determines whether or not the temperature T2 is equal to or greater than 0 degrees. If the temperature T2 is greater than 0 degrees, the process proceeds to step S104. If the temperature T2 is 0 degrees or less, the process returns to step S102 and the below-freezing start control is continued. That is, the below-freezing start control in step S102 is performed until the temperature T2 of the fuel cell stack 1 exceeds 0 degrees, and the below-freezing start is terminated when the temperature T2 exceeds 0 degrees.
- step S104 the control unit 66 calculates the output value W from the voltage value V and the current value I detected by the cell monitor 70, and determines whether or not the output value W is greater than the requested output value W0. That is, it is determined from the output whether each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack 1 is generating enough power. If the output value W is greater than the required output value W0, it is determined that sufficient power generation is being performed, and the process proceeds to step S109 to switch to room temperature start control. On the other hand, when the output value W is less than or equal to the required output value W0, it is determined that the water is generated due to the temperature exceeding 0 ° C., and the water stays in the fuel cell, and the process proceeds to step S105. .
- the required output value W0 is a value that can be arbitrarily set.
- the output value in the cell state that can be smoothly switched from the low temperature start control to the normal temperature start control.
- It is set to 5 kW.
- step S ⁇ b> 105 the pressure sensor 42 measures the inlet-side pressure P ⁇ b> 1 of the cathode electrode and inputs it to the control unit 66.
- step S106 the control unit 66 closes the back pressure valve 45 that adjusts the outlet side pressure of the cathode electrode, and increases the pressure of the cathode electrode.
- step S107 the cathode pole inlet side pressure P2 after valve closing is measured and input to the controller 66.
- the controller 66 compares the pressure P1 before the valve closing, the pressure P2 after the valve closing, and the pressure fluctuation range ⁇ , and determines whether or not P2> P1 + ⁇ is satisfied. That is, it is determined whether or not P2 has increased by ⁇ kPa from the pressure P1 before closing the valve. If P2> P1 + ⁇ is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S108. If not satisfied, step S107 is repeated, and the process waits until P2> P1 + ⁇ .
- ⁇ can be arbitrarily set, and varies depending on the structure of the fuel cell stack 1. Therefore, it is preferable to conduct an experiment on the target fuel cell stack 1 and determine an appropriate value.
- the relationship between the pressure fluctuation range ⁇ and the output recovery amount is measured and mapped in advance, and the shortage of the output amount (W1-W) and the necessary pressure fluctuation range from the map. It is also possible to calculate ⁇ . That is, water can be effectively discharged by increasing the pressure fluctuation range ⁇ when the output shortage is large.
- step S108 the controller 66 opens the back pressure valve 45 to release the cathode electrode pressure.
- the controller 66 controls the back pressure valve 45 so that the pressure at the cathode electrode does not drop below the reference pressure value P0. That is, pressure pulsation is applied to the cathode electrode by opening and closing the back pressure valve 45 while maintaining the reference pressure value P or higher.
- the reference pressure value P refers to a pressure value required for supplying a constant reaction gas into the fuel cell, and can be arbitrarily set.
- a pressure sensor is provided at the cathode electrode outlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the opening of the back pressure valve 45 is controlled so that the pressure at the cathode electrode outlet does not become the reference pressure value P or less.
- the valve is opened rapidly so that a predetermined pulsation is given to the gas pressure at the cathode electrode.
- the reference pressure value P serving as the lower limit pressure is set to be relatively low. In order to cause a sufficient reaction in the fuel cell, a sufficient reaction gas is required, and it is preferable that the pressure is relatively high.
- the pressure fluctuation range necessary for output recovery is calculated, and when the pressure fluctuation range is large, the pressure fluctuation range is increased by using the high upper limit pressure and the lower lower limit pressure, but the pressure fluctuation range required for output is compared.
- the target is small, it is preferable to increase the reference pressure value P0 and reduce the pressure fluctuation range.
- the upper limit pressure may be lowered and the lower limit pressure may be changed higher.
- the water accumulated in the cathode electrode can be effectively discharged by periodically opening and closing the back pressure valve 45 to periodically increase and decrease the pressure of the cathode electrode.
- FIG. 4B shows the state of pressure fluctuation from step S106 to step S108.
- the pressure is increased by closing the back pressure valve 45 in step S106 from the atmosphere open state before the valve is closed.
- the pressure is decreased by opening the back pressure valve 45 in step S108.
- it is preferable to decrease the pressure so that it does not fall below the reference pressure value P. If the pressure is reduced to below the reference pressure value P after starting below the freezing point and exceeding 0 degrees, the amount of reaction gas inside the cell will decrease, resulting in insufficient output recovery and reduced performance. May cause.
- By adding pulsation to the pressure so that it does not fall below the reference pressure value P even when the pressure drops efficient output recovery is possible.
- step S105 After executing the output recovery control from step S105 to S108, the process returns to step S104.
- the output recovery control (steps S105 to S108) is repeated.
- the room temperature start control of step S109 is performed. Transition.
- FIG. 5 includes a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and compares the case where the control method of the fuel cell system is implemented (when implemented) with the case where it is not implemented (when not implemented).
- the output value and temperature of the fuel cell are shown in the graph.
- the fuel cell temperature exceeds 0 degree after a lapse of A seconds after starting to start below freezing.
- the above-described output recovery control (steps S105 to S108 in FIG. 3) is performed.
- the air compression rate can be changed by adjusting the compressor 41 when the pressure of the cathode electrode is changed in steps S106 to S108.
- pressure pulsation can be applied in the same way as when the back pressure valve 45 is opened / closed, improving drainage performance and output. Effects such as improvement and temperature improvement of the fuel cell can be obtained.
- the fuel cell system and the control method of the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment it is possible to quickly discharge the water frozen in the fuel cell at the time of starting below the freezing point when it is thawed. .
- the gas can be efficiently flowed using not only the gas but also the pressure gradient.
- the water staying in the gas flow path and the water staying in the catalyst layer and the diffusion layer and closing the gas flow path can be surely discharged.
- the temperature in the fuel cell rises as the gas pressure increases, a warm-up effect is also obtained.
- the effects of the present invention can be obtained not only during pressure pulsation but also in drainage performance, cell temperature and output during subsequent fuel cell operation, and performance can be recovered in a short time.
- 1 fuel cell stack 10 fuel cell, 12 electrolyte membrane, 14 anode catalyst layer, 16 cathode catalyst layer, 18 anode diffusion layer, 20 cathode diffusion layer, 21, 23 arrows, 22 membrane electrode assembly, 25 separator, 26 fuel Gas flow path, 28 oxidant gas flow path, 30 generated water, 32 filter, 40 fuel cell system, 41 compressor, 42 pressure sensor, 43 diluter, 45 back pressure valve, 46 hydrogen tank, 47 shut valve, 48 regulator, 49 Valve, 50 pressure pump, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56 piping, 60 pump, 62 radiator, 64 temperature sensor, 66 control unit, 68 ignition switch, 70 cell monitor.
Abstract
Description
H2→2H++2e-・・・(1)
(1/2)O2+2H++2e-→H2O・・・(2)
H2+(1/2)O2→H2O・・・(3)
Claims (6)
- アノード極に燃料ガスを、カソード極に酸化剤ガスを供給し発電を行う燃料電池スタックを備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタック内の温度を測定する温度センサと、
前記カソード極の圧力を測定する圧力センサと、
前記カソード極の圧力を調整する圧力調整器と、
氷点下始動後に前記温度センサにより測定された前記燃料電池スタック内の温度が0度を超過した場合に、前記カソード極の圧力に脈動を加えるよう前記圧力調整器を制御する圧力制御部と、
を備える、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記圧力制御部は、前記圧力調整器によりカソード極の入り口圧力を一旦上昇させた後、基準圧力値を下回らない程度に圧力を低下させて圧力に脈動を加える、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池スタックの出力を測定する出力測定器を備え、
前記出力測定器により測定された前記燃料電池スタックの出力が要求出力値以下であると判断された場合に、前記圧力制御部は前記圧力調整器を制御する、燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池システムであって、
さらに、圧力算出部を備え、
前記圧力算出部は、燃料電池の出力値と要求出力値から出力回復に必要な圧力変動幅を算出し、
前記圧力制御部は、前記圧力算出部により算出された圧力変動幅に基づいて、前記圧力調整器を制御する、燃料電池システム。 - アノード極に燃料ガスを、カソード極に酸化剤ガスを供給し発電を行う燃料電池を含む燃料電池システムの制御方法において、
始動時に前記燃料電池の温度が氷点下の基準温度以下であるかを判断するステップと、
前記燃料電池の温度が前記基準温度以下である場合に氷点下始動制御を実行するステップと、
前記氷点下始動制御実行後の前記燃料電池の温度が0度を超過したかを判断するステップと、
前記氷点下始動制御実行後の前記燃料電池の温度が0度を超過した場合に、前記燃料電池の前記カソード極の圧力に脈動を加えるステップと、
を有する、燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項5に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法において、
さらに、
前記氷点下始動制御実行後の前記燃料電池の温度が0度を超過した場合に前記燃料電池の出力値と所定の出力要求値とを比較するステップと、
前記燃料電池の出力値が出力要求値より低い場合に、両者の差から圧力変動幅を算出するステップと、
を有し、
前記カソード極の圧力に脈動を加えるステップでは、算出された圧力変動幅に基づいて前記カソード極の圧力に脈動を加える、燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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