WO2012164663A1 - レーザ加工ヘッド、レーザ加工装置、レーザ加工装置の光学系、レーザ加工方法、及びレーザ集束方法 - Google Patents
レーザ加工ヘッド、レーザ加工装置、レーザ加工装置の光学系、レーザ加工方法、及びレーザ集束方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012164663A1 WO2012164663A1 PCT/JP2011/062391 JP2011062391W WO2012164663A1 WO 2012164663 A1 WO2012164663 A1 WO 2012164663A1 JP 2011062391 W JP2011062391 W JP 2011062391W WO 2012164663 A1 WO2012164663 A1 WO 2012164663A1
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- laser beam
- laser
- workpiece
- lens
- intensity distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0665—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
- B23K26/0734—Shaping the laser spot into an annular shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/40—Optical focusing aids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser processing head, a laser processing apparatus, an optical system of the laser processing apparatus, a laser processing method, and a laser focusing method.
- a laser beam is sent from a laser oscillator to a machining head for machining a metal or alloy workpiece (workpiece) via an optical fiber, and the development of a laser cutting device that cuts the workpiece by the laser beam has progressed.
- the laser using the optical fiber is a solid laser (for example, a fiber laser, a disk laser, a semiconductor laser, etc.) that is transmitted using the optical fiber.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a condensing optical system that condenses a laser beam generated by a laser light source at a desired focal depth.
- a condensing optical system configured to generate spherical aberration is described.
- the quality of the laser beam tends to be better in the central area than the peripheral area (higher straightness), and the quality is worse as the distance from the central area increases. Therefore, when cutting the workpiece, the laser beam in the peripheral area with poor quality will come into contact with the cutting edge of the workpiece, affecting the cutting quality (cutting accuracy, roughness, etc.). It becomes.
- the thick severe mm or more, for example more than 8 mm
- Patent Document 2 an energy density distribution having a Gaussian distribution in a cross section of a laser beam is measured on the inside and outside of a plane including the optical axis of the laser beam by an internal / external reversal optical system including two cylindrical lens pairs.
- a reversing laser processing device is described.
- the pair of cylindrical lenses arranged on the upstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam is a lens pair in which two cylindrical lenses having the same shape are bonded in parallel.
- the arranged cylindrical lens pair is a lens pair in which two cylindrical lenses are arranged in parallel and spaced apart from each other, and collimates the laser beam divided into two by the upstream cylindrical lens pair and enters the condenser lens.
- the laser processing apparatus described in Patent Document 2 reverses the energy density distribution having a Gaussian distribution on the inside and outside of the plane including the optical axis of the laser beam. Will be in contact with the workpiece.
- the cross section of the laser beam at the position of the workpiece is not circular, so that the workpiece is processed only in the direction in which the laser beam is in contact with the workpiece. I can't process things. That is, in the laser processing apparatus described in Patent Document 2, the direction in which the workpiece can be processed is limited.
- the laser beam is divided by two cylindrical lens pairs, and after being reversed inside and outside, the laser beam is condensed on one point of the workpiece by the condenser lens. For this reason, the configuration of the optical system is very complicated.
- the optical axis of the laser beam before the division and the optical axes of the two divided laser beams are adjusted, and the two divided laser beams are placed on the workpiece. It is necessary to focus at the same position, and it is very difficult to adjust the optical axis.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and with a simple configuration, can generate a laser beam that is reversed inside and outside at the position of the workpiece, and has a machining direction in machining the workpiece. It is an object to provide a laser processing head, a laser processing apparatus, an optical system of the laser processing apparatus, a laser processing method, and a laser focusing method that are not limited.
- the laser processing head, laser processing apparatus, optical system of the laser processing apparatus, laser processing method, and laser focusing method of the present invention employ the following means.
- a laser processing apparatus is a laser processing head provided in a laser processing apparatus that processes a workpiece by irradiating a laser beam, and includes a spherical lens and a spherical surface for condensing the laser beam. Due to at least one of the aspherical lenses capable of generating aberrations, the laser beam intensity distribution is higher in the peripheral region than in the central region at the position of the workpiece, and the focal point position of the workpiece is The workpiece is irradiated with the laser beam shifted from the position.
- At least one of the spherical lens and the aspherical lens for condensing the laser beam has a caldera shape in which the intensity distribution of the laser beam is higher in the peripheral region than in the central region at the position of the workpiece.
- the workpiece is irradiated with a laser beam whose focal position is deviated from the position of the workpiece.
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam By making the intensity distribution of the laser beam a caldera shape that is higher in the peripheral area than in the central area, the intensity of the side surface of the laser beam in contact with the work piece is increased when machining the work piece, resulting in higher processing accuracy. Can be increased. And, in order to make the intensity distribution in the caldera shape in this way, by using the spherical aberration of the spherical lens or an aspherical lens that is not sufficiently corrected for aberrations (that is, capable of generating spherical aberration), This can be realized by inverting the central region and the peripheral region of the laser beam. In order to perform the inverting, it is necessary to shift the focal position of the laser beam from the position of the workpiece.
- the quality of the laser beam in the central region is better than that in the peripheral region, that is, the straightness is high.
- the straightness is increased, and therefore the distance (depth of focus) at which the beam diameter can be maintained becomes longer, and high-quality processing is possible even for a workpiece having a thickness.
- the laser beam is inverted using the spherical aberration of at least one of the spherical lens and the aspherical lens, and the laser beam is focused in a circular shape, the position of the workpiece can be achieved with a simple configuration.
- the laser beam can be generated by reversing the inside and outside, and the machining direction is not limited in machining the workpiece.
- the laser beam has a ring-shaped intensity distribution at the position of the workpiece.
- the laser beam on the rear side in the processing direction of the workpiece contributes to the temperature rise of the molten metal.
- the laser beam can sufficiently raise the temperature of the molten metal, and can cut even a thick workpiece.
- the laser beam has a non-ring-shaped intensity distribution of the laser beam at the position of the workpiece.
- the non-ring shape is, for example, a circular shape having intensity in the central area as well as in the peripheral area, and is a state in which the intensity distribution of the inverted laser beam is uniform compared to the ring shape.
- the laser beam has a peak in a central region of the intensity distribution at the position of the workpiece.
- the laser beam has a depth of focus of 1 mm or more at the position of the workpiece.
- the center region of the laser beam is better in quality than the peripheral region, that is, has a high straightness.
- the peripheral region of the inverted laser beam has high straightness, so that the depth of focus is increased at the position of the workpiece, and high-quality processing is possible even for a workpiece having a thickness.
- board thickness of a to-be-processed object can be suppressed by making the focal depth of a laser beam into 1 mm or more, processing with higher quality is attained.
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam is higher by 10% or more in the laser beam having the side steepness in the caldera shape than in the laser beam before the caldera shape.
- the laser beam with higher quality is positioned on the side surface, and processing with higher quality becomes possible.
- the spherical lens includes a convex lens positioned on the upstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam, and a concave lens positioned on the downstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam from the convex lens, and the convex lens and the concave lens It is preferable that the positional relationship between the focal position of the laser beam and the position where the intensity distribution of the laser beam becomes the caldera shape can be adjusted by changing at least one of the curvatures.
- a laser processing apparatus includes a laser oscillator that oscillates a laser beam, the laser processing head described above that receives the laser beam oscillated by the laser oscillator, and a workpiece. And a stage that moves relative to the laser processing head.
- An optical system of a laser processing apparatus is an optical system of a laser processing apparatus that processes a workpiece by a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator, and is an aspherical surface capable of generating a spherical lens and spherical aberration.
- the center region of the laser beam is inverted to the peripheral region at the position of the workpiece, and the peripheral region of the laser beam is moved to the center region at the position of the workpiece.
- the focusing unit causes the central region of the laser beam to be inverted to the peripheral region at the position of the workpiece using the spherical aberration of at least one of the spherical lens and the aspherical lens, and the laser beam
- the peripheral area is inverted to the central area at the position of the workpiece, and the laser beam is focused in a circle. Then, the inverted laser beam will process the workpiece.
- a laser beam has a better quality in the central region than the peripheral region, that is, has a high straightness. For this reason, the peripheral region of the inverted laser beam has high straightness.
- the distance (depth of focus) at which the beam diameter can be maintained becomes long, and high-quality processing is possible even for a workpiece having a thickness.
- the laser beam is inverted using the spherical aberration of at least one of the spherical lens and the aspheric lens, the laser beam in which the inside and outside are reversed at the position of the workpiece with a simple configuration.
- the processing direction is not limited in the processing of the workpiece.
- the laser processing method also includes a spherical lens for oscillating a laser beam for processing a workpiece from a laser oscillator and condensing the oscillated laser beam, and an aspherical surface capable of generating spherical aberration. At least one of the lenses irradiates a laser beam whose intensity distribution has a higher caldera shape in the peripheral area than in the central area and whose focal position is deviated from the position of the work piece. Then, the workpiece is processed while relatively moving the irradiated laser beam and the workpiece.
- the laser focusing method according to the present invention is a laser focusing method of a laser processing apparatus for processing a workpiece by a laser beam oscillated by a laser oscillator, and includes a spherical lens and an aspheric lens capable of generating spherical aberration.
- the central region of the laser beam is inverted to the peripheral region at the position of the workpiece, and the peripheral region of the laser beam is inverted to the central region at the position of the workpiece.
- focusing the laser beam in a circle.
- the present invention it is possible to generate a laser beam whose inside and outside are reversed at the position of the workpiece with a simple configuration, and the machining direction is not limited in the machining of the workpiece.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the optical system of the laser cutting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the light trace of the laser beam which passed the concave lens of the laser cutting device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the intensity distribution at different positions of the laser beam emitted by the laser cutting device according to an embodiment of the present invention, (A) is the intensity distribution of the laser beam immediately after emitted from the laser incident part, (B) is the intensity distribution of the laser beam at the focal position, and (C) is the intensity distribution of the laser beam at a position closer to the workpiece than the focal position. It is a lineblock diagram of an intensity distribution measuring device which measures intensity distribution of a laser beam concerning an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows the steepness of the side surface of the laser beam which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows intensity distribution of the laser beam in the position of the workpiece which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (A) is a case where intensity distribution is made into ring shape, (B) is intensity distribution in non-ring shape. (C) is a case having a peak in the central region. It is the figure which showed the cut surface of the workpiece by a laser cutting device, (A) is a cut surface of the workpiece by the laser beam before inversion, (B) is the laser cutting which concerns on this embodiment In the apparatus, it is a cut surface of a workpiece by a laser beam that has been inverted.
- the laser processing apparatus according to the present invention will be described as a laser cutting apparatus for cutting a workpiece.
- the laser cutting device 10 includes a laser oscillator 12, an optical fiber 14, a laser processing head 15, and a stage 25.
- the laser cutting device 10 uses a solid laser as the laser oscillator 12.
- the stage 25 is a stage on which the workpiece 20 is placed and moves relative to the laser processing head 15.
- the stage 25 is a so-called XY stage that is movable in the plane direction (X, Y direction) with respect to the laser processing head 15.
- the laser cutting device 10 cuts the workpiece 20 by moving the workpiece 20 or the laser processing head 15 while continuously irradiating the workpiece 20 with the laser beam.
- the workpiece 20 is a metal, and in the present embodiment, the workpiece 20 is an example of carbon steel. Further, the thickness of the workpiece 20 is, for example, several mm (for example, 6 mm to 300 mm, particularly 15 mm to 300 mm) or more. Further, the laser cutting device 10 according to the present embodiment cuts the workpiece 20 while blowing oxygen gas, which is an assist gas, to the cutting portion when cutting the workpiece 20.
- oxygen gas which is an assist gas
- the laser oscillator 12 generates a laser beam (in this embodiment, a fiber laser).
- the laser generated by the laser oscillator 12 is transmitted through the optical fiber 14.
- the laser processing head 15 includes a laser incident portion 16 and an optical system 18.
- the laser incident part 16 is connected to the end of the optical fiber 14 and emits a laser beam transmitted by the optical fiber 14 to the optical system 18.
- the optical system 18 includes a spherical lens.
- the spherical lens includes a condensing lens 22 that is a convex lens positioned on the upstream side in the laser beam traveling direction, and a downstream side in the laser beam traveling direction from the condensing lens 22.
- the condensing lens 22 and the concave lens 24 are arranged so that the central axis 26 is coaxial.
- the condensing lens 22 may be composed of a single lens or a plurality of lenses.
- the condensing lens 22 may convert the laser beam emitted from the optical fiber 14 into parallel light.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a light trace of a laser beam that has passed through the concave lens 24 of the laser cutting device 10 according to the embodiment.
- the concave lens 24 has a curvature on the upstream side in the traveling direction of the laser beam, but has no curvature on the downstream side.
- the position where the laser beam incident on the outer side of the concave lens 24 (solid line in FIG. 2) is focused is the position where the laser beam incident on the inner side of the concave lens 24 (broken line in FIG. 2) is collected. It is further downstream than the position where it shines. That is, the concave lens 24 irradiates the surface of the workpiece 20 while condensing and diffusing the laser beam at different positions depending on the incident position.
- the laser beam that has passed through the concave lens 24 diverges on the downstream side where the focal point (position B) is formed as a whole.
- the concave lens 24, which is a spherical lens inverts the laser beam (broken line in FIG. 2) that has been in the central area so far to the peripheral area on the downstream side (workpiece 20 side) from the focal position due to the spherical aberration.
- the laser beam (solid line in FIG. 2) that has been in the peripheral region is inverted to the central region, and the laser beam is focused in a circular shape. That is, the laser cutting device 10 according to the present embodiment uses the concave lens 24 as the final stage of the optical system 18 and inverts the laser beam between the final stage of the optical system 18 and the workpiece.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing intensity distributions at different positions of the laser beam emitted from the laser cutting apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3A shows the intensity distribution of the laser beam immediately after being emitted from the laser incident portion 16 (position A in FIG. 1).
- FIG. 3B shows the intensity distribution of the laser beam at the focal position (position B in FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the quality of the laser beam is better in the central region of the laser beam than in the peripheral region (high linearity). That is, the quality of the laser beam in the peripheral region is worse than that in the central region.
- the laser beam in the peripheral area with poor quality comes into contact with the cut end of the workpiece 20, and the quality of cutting (cutting accuracy, roughness, etc.) Will be affected.
- FIG. 3C shows the intensity distribution of the laser beam at a position closer to the workpiece 20 than the focal position (position C in FIGS. 1 and 2).
- the concave lens 24 by the action of the concave lens 24, the laser beam is inverted from the central region to the peripheral region, the laser beam from the peripheral region is inverted to the central region, and the laser beam is focused in a circular shape.
- a high-quality laser beam that is, a laser beam having a long distance (focal depth) capable of maintaining the beam diameter is positioned in the peripheral region because of its high linearity. Become.
- the diameter of the laser beam at the position of the workpiece 20 is set to 0.1 to 2.0 mm.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of an intensity distribution measuring apparatus 50 that measures the intensity distribution of a laser beam.
- the intensity distribution measuring apparatus 50 includes a scanning unit 54 that scans a laser beam on a part of a circular main body 52.
- the scanning unit 54 is in contact with the laser beam and guides a part of the laser beam to a photodetector 58 (photodiode) provided above the main body 52 via the mirror 56.
- the photodetector 58 outputs the intensity of the detected laser beam.
- the main body 52 can be rotated in the circumferential direction, and can be moved in the height direction and in the left-right direction that crosses the laser beam. By rotating and moving, the laser beam generated by the scanning unit 54 can be obtained. Scan.
- the steepness of the side surface of the intensity distribution of the laser beam emitted from the laser cutting apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is higher in the caldera-shaped laser beam than in the laser beam before the caldera-shaped. Specifically, it is desirable that the steepness is 10% or more, preferably 20% or more higher than the tangential angle of the side surface. Thereby, a laser beam with higher quality is positioned on the side surface, and processing with higher quality becomes possible. For example, as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the intensity distribution at the position of the workpiece 20 of the laser beam used in the laser cutting device 10.
- FIG. 6A shows the case where the caldera-like intensity distribution of the laser beam is made more ring-shaped by the above-described inversion.
- the ring shape is a state in which the intensity of the peripheral region is higher than that of the central region of the laser beam, and the intensity of the central region is very small.
- the depth of focus is preferably set as long as possible while maintaining the energy density required for cutting the workpiece 20. Specifically, by setting the focal depth of the laser beam to 1 mm or more, a reduction in energy density within the plate thickness of the workpiece 20 can be suppressed, so that higher quality processing is possible.
- FIG. 6B shows a case where the intensity distribution of the laser beam is made non-ring-shaped by the above-described inversion.
- the non-ring shape is, for example, a circular shape having intensity in the central region as well as in the peripheral region, and is a state in which the intensity distribution of the inverted laser beam is made uniform compared to the ring shape. Even in this case, the quality of the laser beam in the peripheral region is better than that of a laser beam obtained by a conventional condenser lens that corrects aberrations without performing the above-described inversion, and the workpiece can be cut with high quality. .
- FIG. 6C shows a case where the intensity distribution of the laser beam having a peak also in the central region of the intensity distribution at the position of the workpiece 20 is obtained.
- the intensity of the peak in the central area may be larger or smaller than the intensity of the peak in the peripheral area.
- the intensity distribution of the inverted laser beam includes the distance between the laser incident portion 16 and the optical system 18, the distance between the condenser lens 22 and the concave lens 24, the number of condenser lenses 22, and the positions of the condenser lens 22 and the concave lens 24.
- the intensity distributions as shown in FIG. 6 are formed in different shapes.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing a cut surface of the workpiece 20.
- FIG. 7A shows a cut surface of the workpiece 20 by the laser beam before being inverted.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B show the intensity distribution of the laser beam used for the cutting, and the laser beam has a peak in the central region.
- the figure shown in the upper stage of FIG. 7 (A) is the photograph which image
- FIG. 7B shows a cut surface of the workpiece 20 by the laser beam that has been inverted in the laser cutting apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- 7B shows the intensity distribution of the laser beam used for the cutting, and the laser beam has a caldera-like intensity distribution and has a peak in the central region.
- the figure shown in the upper stage of FIG. 7 (B) is the photograph which image
- the positional relationship between the focal position of the laser beam and the position where the intensity distribution of the laser beam becomes a caldera shape, that is, the position where the lens is inverted. can be adjusted.
- the curvature of the condenser lens 22 is changed.
- the curvature of the concave lens 24 is reduced by increasing it.
- the curvature of the condensing lens 22 is reduced and the curvature of the concave lens 24 is increased.
- changing the curvature of the condensing lens 22 and the concave lens means that the condensing lens 22 and the concave lens 24 are replaced with another condensing lens 22 and a concave lens 24 having different curvatures.
- the laser cutting device 10 according to the above can easily adjust the positional relationship between the focal position of the laser beam and the position where the intensity distribution of the laser beam becomes a caldera shape.
- the condensing lens 22 and the concave lens 24 are described as different lenses.
- these lenses are an integrated lens group 60, and the lens group 60 has a different curvature.
- the position of inversion may be adjusted by exchanging with the group lens 60.
- the laser cutting device 10 inverts the laser beam using the spherical aberration of the spherical lens and focuses the laser beam in a circular shape, so that the workpiece can be processed with a simple configuration.
- the laser beam can be generated by reversing the inside and outside, and the machining direction is not limited in machining the workpiece.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as a form using other gas such as nitrogen gas or argon gas as the assist gas. Also good.
- a fiber laser is used for the laser cutting device 10 .
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a disk laser (wavelength 1.05) transmitted by an optical fiber is used. ⁇ 1.09 ⁇ m), YAG laser, gas laser CO 2 laser, or other lasers may be used.
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam is made to be a caldera using a spherical lens.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and sufficient aberration correction is not performed (
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam may be in the form of a caldera using an aspheric lens capable of generating spherical aberration.
- the intensity distribution of the laser beam may be a caldera shape by combining the spherical lens and the aspheric lens.
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Abstract
Description
従来は、光ファイバーで伝送可能なYAGレーザや半導体レーザの集光性が悪く、被加工物の加工にはCO2レーザが用いられてきたが、ファイバレーザは、CO2レーザに比較してレーザの生成に要する電気エネルギーが少なく、ビームの品質(レーザビームの集光性と直進性)も同等以上で、高出力化も容易であるため、近年普及が進んでいる。
特に、YAGレーザ(波長が1μm帯)による合金を含む金属の切断加工では、板厚の厚い(数mm以上、例えば8mm以上)金属を切断できない場合もあり、切断できたとしても従来のCO2レーザ(波長が10μm帯)による切断加工ほどの品質が得られなかった。
そして、このように強度分布をカルデラ状とするためには、球面レンズが有する球面収差あるいは、十分な収差補正を行っていない(つまりは球面収差を発生可能な)非球面レンズを用いることによって、レーザビームの中心領域と周辺領域とを倒置させることによって実現することができ、該倒置を行うためには、レーザビームの焦点位置を被加工物の位置からずらす必要がある。また、レーザビームは、その中心領域の方が周辺領域に比べて品質が良い、すなわち直進性が高い。そのため、倒置されたレーザビームの周辺領域は、直進性が高くなるためビーム径を保持できる距離(焦点深度)が長くなり、厚みを有する被加工物でも品質の良い加工が可能となる。
そして、レーザビームの焦点深度を1mm以上とすることで、被加工物の板厚内でのエネルギー密度の低下を抑制できるため、より品質の高い加工が可能となる。
そして、倒置されたレーザビームが、被加工物を加工することとなる。一般にレーザビームは、その中心領域の方が周辺領域に比べて品質が良い、すなわち直進性が高い。そのため、倒置されたレーザビームの周辺領域は、直進性が高くなる。従って、中心領域、周辺領域で集光位置を調整することで、ビーム径を保持できる距離(焦点深度)が長くなり、厚みを有する被加工物でも品質の良い加工が可能となる。
このように、本発明は、球面レンズ及び非球面レンズの少なくとも一方が有する球面収差を用いてレーザビームの倒置を行うので、簡易な構成で、被加工物の位置において内外を逆転させたレーザビームを生成でき、かつ被加工物の加工において加工方向が限定されない。
レーザ切断装置10は、レーザ発振器12、光ファイバー14、レーザ加工ヘッド15、ステージ25を備えている。なお、本実施形態に係るレーザ切断装置10は、レーザ発振器12として個体レーザを用いる。
ステージ25は、被加工物20が載置されると共に、レーザ加工ヘッド15に対して相対的に移動するステージである。なお、ステージ25は、一例として、レーザ加工ヘッド15に対して平面方向(X,Y方向)に移動可能とされている所謂X-Yステージとされる。これにより、レーザ切断装置10は、被加工物20に対して連続的にレーザビームを照射しながら、被加工物20又はレーザ加工ヘッド15を移動させることで被加工物20を切断する。
光学系18は、球面レンズによって構成されており、球面レンズには、レーザビームの進行方向上流側に位置する凸レンズである集光レンズ22、及び集光レンズ22よりもレーザビームの進行方向下流側に位置する凹レンズ23が含まれ、集光レンズ22及び凹レンズ24は、中心軸線26が同軸となるように配置されている。
上述したように凹レンズ24の作用によって、レーザビームは、中心領域であったレーザビームを周辺領域へ倒置させると共に、周辺領域であったレーザビームを中心領域へ倒置させ、かつレーザビームを円形に集束させる。このため、図3(C)に示すように、品質の良いレーザビーム、すなわち、直進性の高いため、ビーム径を保持できる距離(焦点深度)が長いレーザビームが、周辺領域へ位置することになる。
なお、本実施形態に係るレーザ切断装置10は、被加工物20の位置におけるレーザビームの径を0.1~2.0mmとする。
強度分布測定装置50は、円形の本体52の一部にレーザビームをスキャンするスキャン部54を備える。スキャン部54は、レーザビームと接し、ミラー56を介してレーザビームの一部を本体52の上方に設けられた光検出器58(フォトダイオード)へ導く。光検出器58は、検出したレーザビームの強度を出力する。
また、本体52は、その周方向に回転可能とされると共に、高さ方向及びレーザビームを横切る方向である左右方向へ移動可能とされ、回転及び移動を行うことで、スキャン部54によるレーザビームのスキャンを行う。
急峻度は、例えば、図5に示されるように、レーザビームの強度分布のピークから1/e2(eは自然対数の低、e=2.71828)で定義される直線と、レーザビームの強度分布の側面との交点における接線角αを、カルデラ状となる前後で比較することによって算出される。
この場合においても、上記した倒置を行わずに収差補正を行う従来の集光レンズにより得られるレーザビームよりも、周辺領域のレーザビームの品質が良好となり、品質の良い被加工物の切断が行える。
なお、集光レンズ22及び凹レンズの曲率を替えるということは、すなわち、集光レンズ22及び凹レンズ24を曲率の異なる他の集光レンズ22及び凹レンズ24に替えることであり、これにより、本実施形態に係るレーザ切断装置10は、レーザビームの焦点位置とレーザビームの強度分布がカルデラ状となる位置との位置関係とを容易に調整できる。
12 レーザ発振器
15 レーザ加工ヘッド
16 レーザ入射部
18 光学系
20 被加工物
22 集光レンズ
24 凹レンズ
25 ステージ
Claims (11)
- レーザビームを照射することによって被加工物を加工するレーザ加工装置に備えられるレーザ加工ヘッドであって、
前記レーザビームを集光させるための球面レンズ及び球面収差を発生可能な非球面レンズの少なくとも一方によって、前記被加工物の位置において前記レーザビームの強度分布が中心領域よりも周辺領域の方が高いカルデラ状となり、かつ焦点位置が前記被加工物の位置からずれた前記レーザビームを前記被加工物に照射する、
レーザ加工ヘッド。 - 前記レーザビームは、前記被加工物の位置において前記レーザビームの強度分布がリング状とされる請求項1又は請求項2記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。
- 前記レーザビームは、前記被加工物の位置において前記レーザビームの強度分布を非リング状とされる請求項1から請求項3の何れか1項記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。
- 前記レーザビームは、前記被加工物の位置において前記強度分布の中心領域にもピークを有する請求項3記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。
- 前記レーザビームは、前記被加工物の位置において焦点深度が1mm以上である請求項1から請求項4の何れか1項記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。
- 前記レーザビームの強度分布は、側面の急峻度がカルデラ状となった前記レーザビームの方がカルデラ状となる前の前記レーザビームよりも10%以上高い請求項1から請求項5の何れか1項記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。
- 前記球面レンズは、前記レーザビームの進行方向上流側に位置する凸レンズ、及び該凸レンズよりも前記レーザビームの進行方向下流側に位置する凹レンズを含み、
前記凸レンズ及び前記凹レンズの曲率の少なくとも一方を変化させることで、前記レーザビームの前記焦点位置と前記レーザビームの強度分布が前記カルデラ状となる位置との位置関係が調整可能とされている請求項1から請求項6の何れか1項記載のレーザ加工ヘッド。 - レーザビームを発振するレーザ発振器と、
前記レーザ発振器によって発振された前記レーザビームが入射される請求項1から請求項7の何れか1項記載のレーザ加工ヘッドと、
被加工物が載置されると共に、前記レーザ加工ヘッドに対して相対的に移動するステージと、
を備えたレーザ加工装置。 - レーザ発振器によって発振されたレーザビームによって被加工物を加工するレーザ加工装置の光学系であって、
球面レンズ及び球面収差を発生可能な非球面レンズの少なくとも一方が有する球面収差を用いて、前記レーザビームの中心領域を前記被加工物の位置において周辺領域へ倒置させると共に、前記レーザビームの周辺領域を前記被加工物の位置において中心領域へ倒置させ、かつ前記レーザビームを円形に集束させる集束手段、
を備えたレーザ加工装置の光学系。 - 被加工物を加工するためのレーザビームをレーザ発振器から発振し、
発振した前記レーザビームを集光させるための球面レンズ及び球面収差を発生可能な非球面レンズの少なくとも一方によって、前記被加工物の位置において、強度分布が中心領域よりも周辺領域の方が強度の高いカルデラ状となり、かつ焦点位置が該被加工物の位置からずれたレーザビームを照射し、
照射したレーザビームと前記被加工物とを相対的に移動させながら、前記被加工物を加工する
レーザ加工方法。 - レーザ発振器によって発振されたレーザビームによって被加工物を加工するレーザ加工装置のレーザ集束方法であって、
球面レンズ及び球面収差を発生可能な非球面レンズの少なくとも一方が有する球面収差を用いて、前記レーザビームの中心領域を前記被加工物の位置において周辺領域へ倒置させると共に、前記レーザビームの周辺領域を前記被加工物の位置において中心領域へ倒置させ、かつ該レーザビームを円形に集束させるレーザ集束方法。
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