WO2012157748A1 - 固体酸化物形燃料電池セル及び固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
固体酸化物形燃料電池セル及び固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell and a method for producing a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the solid oxide fuel cell is formed by sandwiching a solid electrolyte region between a fuel electrode and an air electrode.
- a fuel gas containing hydrogen is caused to flow on the fuel electrode side of the solid oxide fuel cell, and air as an oxidant gas is caused to flow on the air electrode side to cause a power generation reaction.
- solid oxide fuel cells there are various types of solid oxide fuel cells.
- a solid oxide fuel cell in which a fuel gas flow path is provided inside the solid oxide fuel cell and an electric power generation reaction is caused by flowing air to the outside (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-2006). No. 302709).
- a configuration is known in which external air and fuel are mixed and burned at the outlet side opening of the fuel gas flow path. (For example, JP 2010-277845 A)
- the fuel electrode When operating a solid oxide fuel cell, the fuel electrode is exposed to a reducing atmosphere because fuel gas is supplied to the fuel electrode side. However, if the supply of fuel gas is stopped when the operation is stopped, air may flow into the fuel electrode side from the opening on the outlet side of the fuel gas flow path in a high temperature state. At this time, oxidative expansion occurred in the fuel electrode, and as a result, there was a problem that a crack or cell breakage occurred in the electrolyte.
- the reformer provided in the front stage of the solid oxide fuel cell is used.
- the reforming reaction becomes unstable, and C2 or higher fuel gas such as ethane may flow into the fuel electrode gas flow path of the solid oxide fuel cell.
- the fuel electrode causes coking. That is, carbon adheres to the catalyst surface portion of the fuel electrode, hinders reaction with the fuel gas, and reduces the conductivity of the fuel electrode.
- the fuel electrode acts as a structural support for the cell, it reacts with the fuel electrode and causes expansion. As a result, there has been a problem that the fuel electrode deteriorates.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a solid oxide that can prevent electrolyte cracking and cell breakage even when air flows into the fuel electrode side when the fuel cell is stopped.
- the object is to provide a physical fuel cell.
- the present inventors do not cause any problems even if the amount of oxidative expansion is large. Experimentally found that there is a cell. Accordingly, as a result of further examination in detail from the viewpoint of oxidative expansion, the inventors have found that it is effective to suppress the oxidative expansion rate for several minutes after the supply of fuel gas is stopped. That is, the present inventors have found that the speed of expansion is a point, not the size of expansion due to oxidation, and have reached the present invention.
- a solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell, comprising a fuel gas channel and an iron group provided around the fuel gas channel.
- a fuel electrode layer comprising an element and ceramics, a solid electrolyte layer provided around the fuel electrode layer, and an air electrode layer provided around the solid electrolyte layer, wherein the fuel gas is In the high temperature state where the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is supplied from one side of the fuel gas flow channel and discharged from the opening provided on the other side of the fuel gas flow channel and close to the power generation temperature, the opening
- An expansion rate suppression process is performed to suppress the rate of oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode layer that occurs when an oxidant gas flows in from.
- it since it is “provided around”, it is not necessary to be provided around the entire periphery, and it is sufficient that it is provided even partially around the periphery.
- the oxidative expansion rate can be suppressed for several minutes after the supply of fuel gas is stopped.
- the shutdown stop means that the gas supply is automatically stopped by the alarm device of the microcomputer meter.
- the high temperature state where the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is close to the power generation temperature refers to a state where the temperature of the cell is in the range of 500 to 800 ° C. Further, the temperature is preferably 550 to 700 ° C.
- the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention has a linear expansion coefficient per minute of the fuel electrode in a period after the oxidant gas starts to flow from the opening. 0.09% or less.
- the linear expansion coefficient per minute of the fuel electrode is 0.04% or less. By doing so, the load due to cell expansion to the current collector that is in close contact with the cell is reduced, and it is possible to prevent current collection loss due to poor adhesion when the shutdown stop is repeated. More preferably, it is 0.03% or less. By making such a range, a rapid stress change due to oxidative expansion at a local site such as a gas seal portion can be suppressed, so that a seal failure can be caused when configuring a system that repeats shutdown stop more than 100 times. It becomes possible to prevent.
- the fuel electrode layer of the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention comprises a slurry liquid in which a powder made of the metal oxide of the iron group element and a powder made of the ceramic are dispersed in a solvent. It is obtained from a dried composite material, and the expansion rate suppression treatment includes a step of performing a treatment for reducing the dispersed particle size of the slurry liquid to less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the “powder made of ceramics” is a powder as a raw material for obtaining a molded body.
- the fuel cell which can suppress the expansion
- the dispersed particle size of the slurry liquid is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, it is preferable that it is 50 nm or more.
- the particles of the fuel electrode can be more uniformly dispersed and the expansion speed of the fuel electrode layer can be further suppressed. Even in a module that is operated with a temperature variation of 0 ° C., it is possible to suppress variations in the expansion rate, and to effectively suppress cracking of the electrolyte and cell damage even when repeatedly shutting down.
- the fuel electrode layer is formed by extruding a composite material obtained by drying a slurry liquid in which a powder made of a metal oxide of an iron group element and a powder made of a ceramic are dispersed in a solvent.
- the expansion rate suppression treatment includes a step of applying shear to the composite material during extrusion to form primary particles.
- primary particle formation is to increase the proportion of primary particles by adding shear to the powder of the composite material to such an extent that it can be crushed.
- the composite material is formed by extrusion means that the composite material is mixed with additives such as an organic binder, water, and a plasticizer, and is extruded by a wet process.
- the aggregated particles are dispersed into primary particles, and the particles constituting the fuel electrode layer can be uniformly filled, so that the expansion rate of the fuel electrode layer is suppressed, and cracking of the electrolyte and cell damage are effectively suppressed. It is possible to provide a fuel cell that can be used.
- the microstructure of the fuel electrode layer is further optimized, and the ceramic particles that form the skeleton of the fuel electrode layer and the metal oxide particles that oxidize and expand are uniformly arranged in a network. Therefore, the expansion occurs uniformly, and it is possible to effectively suppress the cracking and cell breakage of the electrolyte even when the shutdown stop is repeated.
- the fuel electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the iron group element is nickel.
- the electron conductivity of the fuel electrode layer exposed to the reducing atmosphere is secured, and at the same time, nickel is less oxidized than cobalt and iron, so the fuel electrode in a high temperature state close to the power generation temperature.
- a fuel cell capable of suppressing the rate of oxidative expansion of the layer can be provided.
- the fuel electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the ceramic is stabilized zirconia.
- the fuel electrode of the present invention is characterized in that the stabilized zirconia is yttria stabilized zirconia.
- the ceramic of the fuel electrode of the present invention is preferably stabilized zirconia.
- Stabilizers include calcia, scandia, yttria and the like.
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia is more preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the skeleton strength of the fuel electrode and making it difficult to damage the cell when the fuel electrode undergoes oxidative expansion.
- yttria-stabilized zirconia is preferable as the ceramic for the fuel electrode from the viewpoint of excellent strength as a support and high stability.
- the opening of the present invention is characterized in that an oxidant gas inflow suppressing part for increasing pressure loss with respect to the inflow of oxidant gas into the opening is provided.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppression portion includes an oxidant gas inflow suppression passage and a body portion.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel is a gas channel having an opening cross-sectional area smaller than the opening of the fuel gas channel.
- the cross-sectional shape of the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel is not particularly limited, and may be circular or polygonal. A plurality of cross-sectional areas may be used as long as the total cross-sectional area is smaller than the cell opening cross-sectional area.
- the fuel gas channel is shielded from the oxidant gas around the cell so that the fuel gas channel can flow only from the suppression channel.
- the body portion can also fix the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel to the cell.
- a gas seal function can be provided by sandwiching the seal portion between the body portion and the cell.
- the trunk portion is provided so as to cover at least the opening, and may cover the periphery of the cell or may cover the end of the cell. Moreover, you may cover both of them.
- the pressure loss for the inflow of the oxidant gas at the opening is high, so that the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is close to the power generation temperature. It becomes difficult for the oxidant gas to flow in from the opening, and the oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode layer can be suppressed. As a result, it is possible to prevent electrolyte cracks and cell breakage due to shutdown stop.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppression portion of the present invention includes an oxidant gas inflow suppression channel having a smaller cross-sectional area than the opening, and the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel is the fuel gas. It is characterized by communicating with the flow path.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppression portion includes at least a trunk portion that covers the opening, and a reduced diameter portion that extends so as to protrude from the trunk portion and is smaller in diameter than the trunk portion.
- the reduced diameter portion is a gas flow channel obtained by extending the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel from the body portion of the oxidant gas inflow suppression unit to the outside of the cell.
- the opening cross-sectional area of the reduced diameter portion has an opening cross-sectional area smaller than the opening of the fuel gas flow channel, like the oxidant gas inflow suppression flow channel.
- the reduced diameter portion has a function of further increasing the pressure loss with respect to the oxidant gas and further suppressing the inflow of oxygen to the fuel electrode side.
- the reduced diameter portion may be provided in the oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion or may not be provided.
- the reduced diameter portion may be formed integrally with the body portion, or may be formed anywhere on the body portion. The shape of the reduced diameter portion may be stretched or bent.
- the material for the oxidant gas inflow suppression channel, the reduced diameter portion, and the body portion is not particularly limited.
- an iron chromium type alloy, a nickel chromium type alloy, etc. are mentioned.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion is configured to have an electrode terminal (on the fuel electrode side) by making the body portion conductive. It can also serve as an inner electrode terminal.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention includes the solid oxide fuel cell described above.
- the oxidative expansion rate after the supply of fuel gas is stopped particularly the oxidative expansion rate for the first few minutes, can be suppressed. Even if air flows from the portion to the fuel electrode side, cracking of the electrolyte and cell damage can be effectively suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing a solid oxide fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is a diagram illustrating a solid oxide fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the solid oxide fuel cell unit by one Embodiment of this invention. It is side surface sectional drawing which shows the fuel cell module of the solid oxide fuel cell system by one Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 5. It is a figure which shows the time change of oxidation expansion amount. It is a figure which shows the linear expansion coefficient per minute. It is a figure which shows the fuel micro structure after the shutdown test of the solid oxide fuel cell which is not the implementation object of this invention.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a cross section of a unit cell in a solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention, and shows a type using a fuel electrode as a support.
- the solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention includes, for example, a fuel electrode support 1 (for example, a composite of Ni and / or NiO and a zirconium-containing oxide doped with Y 2 O 3 ) and the surface of the fuel electrode support.
- a first layer 2a (for example, a cerium-containing oxide represented by Ce 1-x La x O 2 (where 0.30 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50)) in the solid electrolyte layer 2, and a solid electrolyte
- the layer 2 includes a second layer 2b (lanthanum gallate oxide) and an air electrode 3 (for example, lanthanum cobalt oxide or samarium cobalt oxide) formed on the surface of the solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte layer in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as oxygen ions necessary for power generation can be transported from the air electrode side to the fuel electrode side. If the solid electrolyte layer is an electrolyte layer containing a lanthanum gallate oxide, power generation can be performed at a lower power generation temperature (550 to 700 ° C.), so that the oxidation of the fuel electrode layer is less likely to occur, electrolyte cracks and cells It is more preferable because damage can be effectively suppressed.
- the solid electrolyte layer may have a two-layer structure of a cerium-containing oxide and a lanthanum gallate oxide represented by, for example, Ce 1-x La x O 2 (where 0.30 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50).
- the cerium-containing oxide of the first layer has a reactivity with the second layer made of lanthanum gallate oxide.
- those represented by the general formula Ce 1-x La x O 2 (where 0.30 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.50) are preferable.
- the optimum doping amount of La varies within the above range depending on the composition of the lanthanum gallate oxide used in the second layer, but the lanthanum gallate oxide having a high oxygen ion conductivity in the second layer (for example, the general formula la 1-a Sr a Ga 1 -bc Mg b Co c O 3 ( where, 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.3,0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.3,0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.15) lanthanum represented by In view of the use of (gallate oxide), the doping amount of La is more preferably 0.35 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45.
- the composition of the lanthanum gallate oxide is La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 or La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 , 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.45 is more preferable.
- a sintering aid may be added to the cerium-containing oxide layer.
- the sintering aid to be added is one that improves the denseness of the cerium-containing oxide layer and is less affected by the reaction with surrounding materials. As a result of various studies of the sintering aid, we have found that it is effective for the Ga element.
- the Ga element source for example, gallium oxide (Ga 2 O 3 ) or a gallium compound that becomes Ga 2 O 3 during the firing step is preferable.
- 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 5 when the content of Ga element contained in the cerium-containing oxide layer is Xwt% in terms of oxide. This is because the cerium-containing oxide layer becomes denser by limiting to the above range, and thus the reaction between the support and the lanthanum gallate oxide layer can be effectively suppressed, and the resistance in the cerium-containing oxide layer This is because the loss is reduced.
- a more preferable range of X is 0.3 ⁇ X ⁇ 2.0. This is because, in addition to the above effect, the electrical conductivity of the cerium-containing oxide itself is improved, so that the resistance loss in the first layer is further reduced.
- the film thickness of the cerium-containing oxide is preferably 3 to 50 ⁇ m. Further, 3 to 40 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the thickness of the cerium-containing oxide layer is preferably as thin as possible within a range that can sufficiently prevent the reaction between the support and the lanthanum gallate oxide layer.
- the film thickness of the lanthanum gallate oxide is preferably 20 to 70 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the lanthanum gallate oxide layer has a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or more, which makes it difficult for the cracks of the electrolyte to occur due to stress due to the oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode, while the lanthanum gallate oxide layer has a thickness of less than 70 ⁇ m. This is because the influence of the resistance loss in the physical layer can be reduced, and the influence of the resistance loss in the lanthanum gallate oxide layer can be further reduced by setting the thickness to 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention is not limited to a structure in which the solid electrolyte and the fuel electrode layer are in direct contact.
- the fuel electrode layer is a support, and the catalytic activity is between the support and the electrolyte. It is also possible to provide a fuel electrode catalyst layer with an increased height. This is preferable because it reduces the stress on the electrolyte membrane caused by the oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode. Considering a balance from the viewpoint of stress relaxation and catalyst activity, the porosity of the fuel electrode catalyst layer is preferably 20 to 50% in the operating state.
- the fuel electrode catalyst layer is preferably a mixture of NiO and CeO 2 -based material. NiO is reduced to Ni during operation.
- the CeO 2 -based material a material obtained by doping CeO 2 with 10 to 20 mol% of Gd is preferable.
- the mixing ratio is preferably a mixture of NiO and CeO 2 based material in a weight ratio of 40:60 to 60:40.
- the film thickness of the fuel electrode catalyst layer is preferably about 5 to 30 ⁇ m. This is because when the thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more, the catalytic activity of the fuel electrode catalyst layer effectively works, and when the thickness is 30 ⁇ m or less, film peeling can be suppressed during film formation. From the viewpoint of relieving stress due to oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode and preventing cracking of the electrolyte, about 10 to 30 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the fuel electrode layer of the present invention includes an iron group element and ceramics.
- As the fuel electrode layer it is preferable to use a material having high electron conductivity in the fuel atmosphere of the solid oxide fuel cell and capable of efficiently performing the reactions (1) and (2).
- preferable iron group elements include nickel, iron, and cobalt. Of these, nickel is more preferable. By using nickel, the electron conductivity of the fuel electrode layer exposed to the reducing atmosphere is ensured, and at the same time, nickel is less oxidized than iron and cobalt, making it difficult to cause electrolyte cracking and cell damage due to oxidative expansion. It becomes possible. Furthermore, since nickel is superior in catalytic activity against hydrogen in fuel gas compared to iron, the reaction of formula (1) can be performed more efficiently.
- the ceramic forming the fuel electrode layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it forms a skeleton of the fuel electrode layer and can secure the strength of the fuel electrode layer.
- an oxide having oxygen ion conductivity is preferable.
- oxygen ion conductive oxides used in the electrolyte are more preferable.
- zirconium-containing oxide, cerium-containing oxide, lanthanum gallate oxide Etc is more preferable.
- zirconium-containing oxide for example, stabilized zirconia doped with one or more of CaO, Y 2 O 3 , and Sc 2 O 3 is preferable. More preferred is yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ).
- YSZ yttria stabilized zirconia
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia is less reactive with other materials than calcia-stabilized zirconia and is less expensive than scandia-stabilized zirconia, which is advantageous when considering the durability and cost of fuel cells. From the viewpoint, it is more preferable.
- cerium-containing oxide represented by the general formula Ce 1-y Ln y O 2 (where, Ln is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc , Y, or a combination of two or more, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50).
- Ln is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc , Y, or a combination of two or more, 0.05 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.50.
- the cerium-containing oxide is reduced in a fuel atmosphere, Ce 4+ becomes Ce 3+ , and electron conductivity is expressed by surplus electrons. Therefore , the conductive species becomes a mixed conductor of electrons and oxygen ions.
- the lanthanum gallate oxide is not particularly limited, but La 1-a Sr a Ga 1-bc Mg b Co c O 3 (however, in order to perform the reaction of the formulas (1) and (2) more efficiently) 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.15).
- Examples of the material for forming the fuel electrode layer of the present invention include NiO / zirconium-containing oxide, NiO / cerium-containing oxide, NiO / lanthanum gallate oxide, and the like.
- NiO / zirconium-containing oxide, NiO / cerium-containing oxide, and NiO / lanthanum gallate oxide include NiO and zirconium-containing oxide, NiO and cerium-containing oxide, and NiO and lanthanum gallate oxide, respectively. , Refers to those uniformly mixed at a predetermined ratio. Further, since NiO is reduced to Ni in the fuel atmosphere, the mixture becomes Ni / zirconium-containing oxide, Ni / cerium-containing oxide, and Ni / lanthanum gallate oxide, respectively.
- the fuel electrode layer of the present invention can be produced by forming a molded body using a powder composed of a metal oxide of an iron group element and a powder composed of a ceramic as raw materials.
- the powder consisting of a metal oxide of an iron group element and the powder consisting of ceramics referred to here are powders as raw materials for obtaining a molded body, respectively, and before firing in the production of a solid oxide fuel cell. Refers to things.
- the mixing ratio of the powder made of metal oxide of iron group element and the powder made of ceramics can be considered from the fact that the electronic conductivity necessary for power generation can be secured and the thermal expansion coefficient of the electrolyte membrane is combined.
- a weight ratio of 30:70 to 75:25 is preferred.
- the fuel electrode oxidizes and expands when exposed to air.
- the mixing ratio of the oxide powder and the ceramic powder is more preferably 55:45 to 75:25 by weight.
- the mixing ratio after firing is almost the same as the mixing ratio of the powder.
- the average particle diameter ratio of the iron group element metal oxide and the ceramic is preferably 1.00 to 3.30 times, more preferably 1.00 to 1.25 times. By making the particle size ratio such as this, the expansion due to the oxidative expansion of the fuel electrode can be made more uniform throughout the fuel electrode, so that it is possible to prevent cracking of the electrolyte and cell damage even when repeatedly shutting down. Is possible. It should be noted that the particle size of the iron group element metal oxide and the ceramic may be larger, and may be the same.
- the average particle size of the iron group element metal oxides and ceramics is determined by the following method. After the cell piece cut out of a part of the cell is embedded in the resin, polishing is performed so that the cross section of the cell is exposed. For the polishing, cross-sectional ion milling is performed. The backscattered electron image of the processed fuel electrode layer on the processed surface is observed with a high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with an annular backscattered electron detector. The acceleration voltage is observed at 25 kV. In the reflected electron image, particles containing an element having a higher atomic number are observed brighter. On the other hand, particles with smaller atomic numbers are observed relatively dark.
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- the particles are classified into metal oxides of iron group elements and ceramics, and the size of each particle is measured.
- the diameter is the particle diameter
- the length of one side is calculated as the particle diameter. The observation was calculated from the average of the particle diameters of 100 arbitrary particles measured at an arbitrary magnification and measured in the 3rd to 97th ranges when arranged in order of decreasing diameter.
- the dispersed particle size of the slurry liquid of the present invention can be measured by the following method. That is, a slurry liquid in which a powder made of a metal oxide of an iron group element and a powder made of ceramics are dispersed in a solvent is prepared. Further, this slurry liquid is dropped on a small-capacity sample circulator (model MICROTRAC-SVR-SC) of Nikkiso Co., Ltd.'s Microtrac particle size measuring device MT3300EX and measured by a laser diffraction / scattering method based on JIS R1629.
- the dispersed particle diameter is a volume average particle diameter calculated by volume average, and is an average value of two measurements.
- Microtrack particle size analyzer Ver.10.1.2-018SD is used as the analysis software.
- the circulation pump speed is set to a circulation flow rate of 3.0 to 4.2 L / min, and measurement is performed without using a stirring blade and ultrasonic waves in the dispersion tank.
- the solvent of the slurry liquid is water
- the solvent refractive index is 1.333
- the powder refractive index is 1.81
- the measurement is performed with a Setzero time of 30 seconds and a measurement time of 30 seconds.
- the dispersed particle diameter of the slurry liquid is the volume average particle diameter of the secondary particles dispersed in the slurry at this time.
- the smaller the dispersed particle size the more the powder in the solvent does not aggregate locally, indicating that the powder is more uniformly dispersed.
- a composite material for forming a fuel electrode can be obtained by drying the slurry liquid.
- the drying method is not particularly limited as long as it is a method that evaporates moisture while maintaining a uniformly dispersed state of particles in the slurry liquid.
- spray drying is performed by spraying the slurry liquid into a gas and rapidly drying it to produce a dry powder. Preferably by the method.
- the firing method for producing the cells of the solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention by a sintering method is not particularly limited as long as a high output can be obtained. That is, a sequential firing method may be used, or a co-firing method in which at least two kinds, preferably all members are sintered at once may be used. However, in consideration of mass productivity, the co-firing method is preferable because the man-hour is reduced.
- a step of preparing a fuel electrode or air electrode support body and calcining at 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C., and forming a solid electrolyte layer on the surface of the obtained calcined body 1200 A cell manufacturing method comprising a step of co-sintering with a support at a temperature of 1 ° C. to 1400 ° C. and a step of forming another electrode on the surface of the sintered solid electrolyte layer and sintering at 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. is preferable.
- the sintering temperature at the time of co-firing of the support and the electrolyte is more preferably from 1250 ° C. to 1350 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing the diffusion of metal components from the support and obtaining a solid electrolyte layer having no gas permeability. .
- the solid oxide fuel cell system according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is provided with the solid oxide fuel cell according to the present invention. it can.
- FIG. 2 is an overall configuration diagram showing a solid oxide fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a solid oxide fuel cell system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a fuel cell module 2 and an auxiliary unit 4.
- the fuel cell module 2 includes a housing 6, and a sealed space 8 is formed in the housing 6 through heat insulation. In addition, you may make it not provide a heat insulating material.
- a fuel cell assembly 12 that performs a power generation reaction with fuel gas and an oxidant (air) is disposed in a power generation chamber 10 that is a lower portion of the sealed space 8.
- the fuel cell assembly 12 includes ten fuel cell stacks 14 (see FIG. 3), and the fuel cell stack 14 includes 16 fuel cell units 16 (see FIG. 4). Yes.
- the fuel cell assembly 12 has 160 fuel cell units 16, and all of these fuel cell units 16 are connected in series.
- a combustion chamber 18 is formed above the above-described power generation chamber 10 in the sealed space 8 of the fuel cell module 2.
- this combustion chamber 18 residual fuel gas that has not been used for the power generation reaction and residual oxidant (air) ) And combusted to generate exhaust gas.
- a reformer 20 for reforming the fuel gas is disposed above the combustion chamber 18, and the reformer 20 is heated to a temperature at which a reforming reaction can be performed by the combustion heat of the residual gas.
- an air heat exchanger 22 is disposed above the reformer 20 to heat the air by receiving heat from the reformer 20 and suppress a temperature drop of the reformer 20.
- the auxiliary unit 4 stores a pure water tank 26 that stores water from a water supply source 24 such as tap water and uses the filter to obtain pure water, and a water flow rate that adjusts the flow rate of the water supplied from the water storage tank.
- An adjustment unit 28 is provided.
- the auxiliary unit 4 also includes a gas shut-off valve 32 that shuts off the fuel gas supplied from a fuel supply source 30 such as city gas, a desulfurizer 36 for removing sulfur from the fuel gas, and a flow rate of the fuel gas.
- a fuel flow rate adjustment unit 38 for adjustment is provided.
- the auxiliary unit 4 includes an electromagnetic valve 42 that shuts off air that is an oxidant supplied from the air supply source 40, a reforming air flow rate adjusting unit 44 that adjusts the flow rate of air, and a power generation air flow rate adjusting unit. 45, a first heater 46 for heating the reforming air supplied to the reformer 20, and a second heater 48 for heating the power generating air supplied to the power generation chamber.
- the first heater 46 and the second heater 48 are provided in order to efficiently raise the temperature at startup, but may be omitted.
- the fuel cell module 2 is connected to a hot water production apparatus 50 to which exhaust gas is supplied.
- the hot water production apparatus 50 is supplied with tap water from the water supply source 24, and the tap water is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas and supplied to a hot water storage tank of an external hot water heater (not shown).
- the fuel cell module 2 is provided with a control box 52 for controlling the amount of fuel gas supplied and the like.
- the fuel cell module 2 is connected to an inverter 54 that is a power extraction unit (power conversion unit) for supplying the power generated by the fuel cell module to the outside.
- FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing a fuel cell module of a solid oxide fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
- the fuel cell assembly 12, the reformer 20, and heat exchange for air are sequentially performed from below.
- a vessel 22 is arranged.
- the reformer 20 is provided with a pure water introduction pipe 60 for introducing pure water and a reformed gas introduction pipe 62 for introducing reformed fuel gas and reforming air to the upstream end side thereof.
- a pure water introduction pipe 60 for introducing pure water
- a reformed gas introduction pipe 62 for introducing reformed fuel gas and reforming air to the upstream end side thereof.
- an evaporation unit 20a and a reforming unit 20b are formed in order from the upstream side, and the reforming unit 20b is filled with a reforming catalyst.
- the fuel gas and air mixed with the steam introduced into the reformer 20 are reformed by the reforming catalyst filled in the reformer 20.
- a fuel gas supply pipe 64 is connected to the downstream end side of the reformer 20, and the fuel gas supply pipe 64 extends downward and further in a manifold 66 formed below the fuel cell assembly 12. It extends horizontally.
- a plurality of fuel supply holes 64 b are formed in the lower surface of the horizontal portion 64 a of the fuel gas supply pipe 64, and the reformed fuel gas is supplied into the manifold 66 from the fuel supply holes 64 b.
- a lower support plate 68 having a through hole for supporting the fuel cell stack 14 described above is attached above the manifold 66, and the fuel gas in the manifold 66 flows into the fuel cell unit 16. Supplied.
- the air heat exchanger 22 includes an air aggregation chamber 70 on the upstream side and two air distribution chambers 72 on the downstream side.
- the air aggregation chamber 70 and the air distribution chamber 72 include six air flow path tubes 74. Connected by.
- three air flow path pipes 74 form a set (74a, 74b, 74c, 74d, 74e, 74f), and the air in the air collecting chamber 70 is in each set. It flows into each air distribution chamber 72 from the air flow path pipe 74.
- the air flowing through the six air flow path pipes 74 of the air heat exchanger 22 is preheated by exhaust gas that burns and rises in the combustion chamber 18.
- An air introduction pipe 76 is connected to each of the air distribution chambers 72, the air introduction pipe 76 extends downward, and the lower end side communicates with the lower space of the power generation chamber 10, and the air that has been preheated in the power generation chamber 10. Is introduced.
- an exhaust gas chamber 78 is formed below the manifold 66. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, an exhaust gas passage 80 extending in the vertical direction is formed inside the front surface 6 a and the rear surface 6 b which are surfaces along the longitudinal direction of the housing 6, and the upper end of the exhaust gas chamber passage 80 is formed. The side communicates with the space in which the air heat exchanger 22 is disposed, and the lower end side communicates with the exhaust gas chamber 78. Further, an exhaust gas discharge pipe 82 is connected to substantially the center of the lower surface of the exhaust gas chamber 78, and the downstream end of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 82 is connected to the above-described hot water producing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, an ignition device 83 for starting combustion of fuel gas and air is provided in the combustion chamber 18.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a fuel cell unit of a solid oxide fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell unit 16 includes a fuel cell 84 and inner electrode terminals 86 respectively connected to the vertical ends of the fuel cell 84.
- the fuel cell 84 is a tubular structure extending in the vertical direction, and includes a cylindrical inner electrode layer 90 that forms a fuel gas flow path 88 therein, a cylindrical outer electrode layer 92, an inner electrode layer 90, and an outer side.
- An electrolyte layer 94 is provided between the electrode layer 92 and the electrode layer 92.
- the inner electrode terminal 86 is an aspect of the oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion.
- the upper portion 90 a of the inner electrode layer 90 includes an outer peripheral surface 90 b and an upper end surface 90 c exposed to the electrolyte layer 94 and the outer electrode layer 92.
- the inner electrode terminal 86 is connected to the outer peripheral surface 90b of the inner electrode layer 90 through a conductive sealing material 96, and is further in direct contact with the upper end surface 90c of the inner electrode layer 90, thereby Electrically connected.
- a fuel gas passage 98 communicating with the fuel gas passage 88 of the inner electrode layer 90 is formed at the center of the inner electrode terminal 86.
- the fuel battery cell 16 uses the fuel battery cell of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system When stopping the operation of the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system is stopped by shutting down the supply of current, fuel gas, air and water of the fuel cell system operating at the rated temperature almost simultaneously.
- the fuel can be stopped while being gradually reduced, or can be stopped without flowing a purge gas such as N 2 gas.
- the method for forming the fuel gas flow path in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a fuel electrode layer is used as a cylindrical support, and a fuel gas is flown into the cylinder, or a fuel electrode, an electrolyte, and an air electrode are laminated in this order from the surface side of an insulating porous cylindrical support, and the insulating property
- a method of flowing fuel gas inside a porous cylindrical support, a solid oxide fuel cell consisting of a flat fuel electrode, electrolyte, and air electrode is stacked via a separator, and a fuel gas flow path is formed in the separator The method of doing is mentioned.
- the iron group elements and ceramics constituting the fuel electrode of the solid oxide fuel cell of this embodiment are less likely to diffuse. Accordingly, diffusion when the fuel electrode and the solid electrolyte are simultaneously fired is reduced, and adverse effects on the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte layer can be suppressed.
- Example 1 Nickel oxide powder having an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder having an average particle size of 0.25 ⁇ m, a dispersant (polycarboxylic acid amine), and water are used as yttria-stabilized zirconia balls having a diameter of 5 mm.
- the slurry was obtained by ball mill mixing for 20 hours. At this time, the weight ratio of NiO and YSZ was 55:45 to 65:35.
- the average particle diameter of nickel oxide powder and YSZ powder is calculated from the average of the particle diameters of 100 particles measured by SEM observation at a magnification of 20000 times.
- the dispersed particle size of the obtained slurry was measured by the method based on Paragraph 0059.
- the dispersed particle size of the slurry liquid was 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the obtained slurry was dried with a spray dryer to obtain a composite material for a fuel electrode.
- a solid oxide fuel cell was produced by the following method. A fuel obtained by mixing an organic binder (methylcellulose), water, and a plasticizer (glycerin) into the composite material for the fuel electrode, shearing it with an extrusion molding machine to form primary particles, and forming into a cylindrical shape and calcining at 900 ° C A polar support was prepared.
- a mixture of NiO and GDC10 (10 mol% Gd 2 O 3 -90 mol% CeO 2 ) in a weight ratio of 50:50 was formed by a slurry coating method, and a fuel electrode reaction catalyst layer was formed. Formed. Further, LSGM having a composition of LDC40 (40 mol% La 2 O 3 -60 mol% CeO 2 ) and La 0.9 Sr 0.1 Ga 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 was sequentially laminated on the fuel electrode reaction catalyst layer by a slurry coating method, and an electrolyte layer was formed. Formed.
- an LSCF having a composition of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 as an air electrode layer is formed by a slurry coating method and fired at 1050 ° C.
- a total of 160 solid oxide fuel cells were prepared, with a polar composition of NiO and YSZ in a weight ratio of 55:45 cells: 50 cells, 60:40 cells: 60 cells, and 65:35 cells: 50 cells. did.
- the produced solid oxide fuel cell has a fuel electrode support having an outer diameter of 10 to 10.2 mm, a wall thickness of 1 to 1.2 mm, a fuel electrode reaction catalyst layer thickness of 10 to 30 ⁇ m, The thickness of the layer was 3 to 40 ⁇ m, the thickness of the LSGM layer was 20 to 50 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the air electrode was 18 to 24 ⁇ m.
- the outer diameter of the fuel electrode support was measured with a micrometer at a location where no film was formed.
- the film thickness is obtained by cutting the cell after the system operation test and observing the cross section with an SEM at an arbitrary magnification of 30 to 2000 times, adding the maximum value and the minimum value of the film thickness and dividing by 2. The cut part was the central part of the part where the air electrode was formed.
- the area of the air electrode was 35 cm 2 . Further, the average particle diameter of the fuel electrode support was measured by the method based on Paragraph 0058. The particle diameter ratio of the average particle diameter of the nickel particles and YSZ particles was 1.23 times.
- Ag is applied as a current collector on the air electrode of the solid oxide fuel cell, and a conductive seal material having both a current collector and a gas seal is attached to both ends of the fuel electrode support, and the fuel electrode An oxidant gas inflow suppressing part was provided at both ends of the battery so as to cover the conductive sealing material, thereby producing a fuel cell unit.
- the oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion has a reduced diameter portion that is reduced in diameter from the inner diameter of the fuel electrode support serving as the fuel gas flow path and extends outward from the respective ends of the cell.
- a set of 16 fuel cell units was assembled, and 16 were connected in series with a connector for connecting a fuel electrode and an air electrode to form a stack. Ten stacks were mounted and 160 were connected in series. Further, a reformer, air piping, and fuel piping were attached, and then enclosed in a housing to produce a solid oxide fuel cell module. The fuel cell module was incorporated into a solid oxide fuel cell system.
- Example 2 A solid oxide fuel cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nickel oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder having an average particle diameter of 2 ⁇ m were used.
- the obtained slurry liquid had a dispersed particle size of 3.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size ratio of the nickel particles and YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 3.30 times.
- Example 3 The same as in Example 1 except that PMMA with an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m was further added as a pore forming agent to the composite material for the fuel electrode, and sheared by an extruder to form primary particles, which were then formed into a cylindrical shape. Thus, a solid oxide fuel cell module was produced.
- the ratio of the composite material for the fuel electrode to PMMA was 72:28 Vol%.
- the obtained slurry liquid had a dispersed particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size ratio between the nickel particles and the YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 1.30 times.
- Example 4 Ball mill mixed with yttria-stabilized zirconia balls having a diameter of 10 mm for 6 hours, formed into a cylindrical shape without applying shear with an extruder, and provided with an oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion having no reduced diameter portion.
- a solid oxide fuel cell module was produced in the same manner as Example 1 except for the above.
- the obtained slurry liquid had a dispersed particle size of 8.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size ratio between the nickel particles and the YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 1.50 times.
- Example 5 A solid oxide fuel cell module was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ball mill mixing was performed for 2 hours with yttria-stabilized zirconia balls having a diameter of 10 mm.
- the dispersion particle diameter of the obtained slurry was 10.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size ratio between the nickel particles and the YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 1.42 times.
- Example 6 A solid oxide fuel cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a conductive sealing material having both a current collector and a gas seal similar to that of the first embodiment is attached to only the lower end portion of the fuel electrode support, and the lower end portion of the fuel electrode is covered with the conductive sealing material.
- the same oxidant gas inflow suppressing part as that in Example 1 was provided to produce a fuel cell unit. That is, the fuel cell unit was manufactured without providing the oxidant gas inflow suppressing portion at the upper end of the fuel cell.
- the obtained slurry liquid had a dispersed particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size ratio of nickel particles and YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 1.23 times.
- Example 1 A solid oxide fuel cell in the same manner as in Example 1 except that ball mill mixing was performed for 2 hours with yttria-stabilized zirconia balls having a diameter of 10 mm, and the cylinder was formed without applying shear using an extruder. A module was produced.
- the dispersion particle diameter of the obtained slurry was 10.0 ⁇ m. Further, the difference in average particle diameter between the nickel particles and the YSZ particles of the fuel electrode support was 1.54 times.
- the produced fuel cell system and the sample for evaluating the expansion rate were evaluated as follows.
- the oxidation expansion coefficient was measured with the reduced product of the obtained sintered body.
- the reduced body of the sintered body was exposed to an air atmosphere at 700 ° C., and the change with time in the oxidation expansion coefficient was measured.
- the oxidative expansion rate was calculated by measuring the length of the sample in the longitudinal direction and expressing (L2-L1) / L1 as a percentage, where L1 is the length of the reductant and L2 is the length after oxidation.
- FIG. 7 shows the change over time in the expansion coefficient when each sample is exposed to an air atmosphere at 700 ° C.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of the linear expansion coefficient per minute for 10 minutes from the start of oxidation.
- Table 1 shows the maximum linear expansion coefficient per minute, the maximum expansion coefficient, and the appearance results of the solid oxide fuel cell after shutdown.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates that there is no cracking or breakage of the electrolyte in 100 times or more of shutdown shutdowns, and “ ⁇ ” indicates that the electrolyte cracks in 5 or more shutdowns without any problem of power generation.
- the “x” mark indicates a case where the electrolyte is cracked or broken in less than 5 shutdown stops and the performance is deteriorated.
- the fuel cell system provided with the solid oxide fuel cell of the present invention it was confirmed that excellent power generation performance was obtained.
- the maximum value of the linear expansion coefficient per minute is smaller in Examples 1 and 2 than in Examples 3, 4 and 5. For this reason, when the shutdown stop is repeated, the influence on the electrolyte is small, and it is presumed that a good power generation performance can be obtained even with a larger number of shutdown stops.
- Examples 1 and 2 were compared, the maximum expansion coefficient was higher in Example 1 at 0.38%, but the state of cracking or breakage of the electrolyte due to shutdown stop was good. This suggests that the linear expansion rate per minute has more influence on the cracking and breakage of the electrolyte due to shutdown stop than the maximum expansion rate.
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Abstract
Description
H2+O2-→H2O+2e- (1)
CO+O2-→CO2+2e- (2)
1/2O2+2e-→O2- (3)
平均粒子径0.3μmの酸化ニッケル粉末と平均粒子径0.25μmのイットリア安定化ジルコニア(YSZ)粉末と分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アミン)と水とを径が5mmのイットリア安定化ジルコニアボールにて20時間ボールミル混合してスラリー液を得た。このときNiOとYSZの重量比は55:45~65:35とした。なお、酸化ニッケル粉末およびYSZ粉末の平均粒子径はSEM観察で20000倍の倍率にて100個の粒子の粒子径を測定したものの平均から算出したものである。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径を段落0059に基づく方法にて測定した。スラリー液の分散粒子径は1.0μmであった。
(燃料極用の複合材料の作製)
得られたスラリー液を噴霧乾燥機にて乾燥させて燃料極用の複合材料を得た。
(固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの作製)
上記のようにして得られた燃料極用複合材料を用いて、以下の方法で固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを作製した。
前記燃料極用の複合材料に有機バインダー(メチルセルロース)と水、可塑剤(グリセリン)を混合し押出成形機にてせん断を加え1次粒子化させて円筒状に成形し900℃で仮焼した燃料極支持体を作製した。この燃料極支持体上に、NiOとGDC10(10mol%Gd2O3-90mol%CeO2)とを重量比50:50で混合したものをスラリーコート法により製膜し、燃料極反応触媒層を形成した。さらに、燃料極反応触媒層上にLDC40(40mol%La2O3-60mol%CeO2)、La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3の組成のLSGMをスラリーコート法により順次積層し、電解質層を形成した。得られた成形体を1300℃にて焼成した後に、空気極層としてLa0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3の組成のLSCFをスラリーコート法にて製膜し、1050℃で焼成することで燃料極組成がNiOとYSZの重量比で55:45のセルが50本、60:40のセルが60本、65:35のセルが50本の計160本の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを作製した。
作製した固体酸化物形燃料電池セルは、燃料極支持体が外径10~10.2mm、肉厚1~1.2mmであり、燃料極反応触媒層の厚さが10~30μmであり、LDC層の厚みが3~40μmであり、LSGM層の厚みが20~50μmであり、空気極の厚みが18~24μmであった。なお、燃料極支持体の外径は成膜していない個所をマイクロメータで測定した。膜厚はシステムの運転試験後にセルを切断して、断面をSEMで30~2000倍の任意の倍率にて観察し、膜厚の最大値と最小値を足して2で割ったものである。切断箇所は空気極の成膜してある部分の中央部とした。空気極の面積は35cm2とした。また、燃料極支持体の平均粒子径を段落0058に基づく方法にて測定した。ニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は1.23倍であった。
(固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールの作製)
前記固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの空気極上に集電体としてAgを塗布し、また燃料極支持体の両端部に集電体とガスシールを兼ね備えた導電性シール材を取付け、さらに前記燃料極の両端部に前記導電性シール材を覆うように酸化剤ガス流入抑制部を設け、燃料電池セルユニットを作製した。なお、酸化剤ガス流入抑制部は燃料ガス流路となる燃料極支持体の内径より縮径し、前記セルのそれぞれの端部からセルの外方向に伸びる縮径部を有するものとした。前記燃料電池セルユニットを16本一組とし、燃料極と空気極を接続するコネクタで16本を直列につなげスタック化した。前記スタックを10組搭載し160本を直列に接続し、さらに改質器、空気配管、燃料配管を取付けた後ハウジングで囲み、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。前記燃料電池モジュールを固体酸化物形燃料電池システムに組み込んだ。
平均粒子径0.6μmの酸化ニッケル粉末と平均粒子径2μmのイットリア安定化ジルコニア(YSZ)粉末を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は3.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は3.30倍であった。
燃料極用の複合材料にさらに造孔剤として平均粒子径3μmのPMMAを添加し、押出成形機にてせん断を加え1次粒子化させて円筒状に成形したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。燃料極用の複合材料とPMMAの比率は72:28Vol%の割合とした。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は1.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は1.30倍であった。
径が10mmのイットリア安定化ジルコニアボールにて6時間ボールミル混合し、押出成形機にてせん断を加えずに円筒状に成形し、縮径部を有さない酸化剤ガス流入抑制部を設けたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は8.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は1.50倍であった。
径が10mmのイットリア安定化ジルコニアボールにて2時間ボールミル混合したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は10.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は1.42倍であった。
実施例1と同様にして固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを作製した。これに燃料極支持体の下端部のみに実施例1と同様の集電体とガスシールを兼ね備えた導電性シール材を取付け、さらに前記燃料極の下端部に前記導電性シール材を覆うように実施例1と同様の酸化剤ガス流入抑制部を設け、燃料電池セルユニットを作製した。すなわち、燃料電池セルの上端部には、酸化剤ガス流入抑制部を設けずに燃料電池セルユニットを作製した。それ以外は実施例1と同様にして固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は1.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の粒径比は1.23倍であった。
径が10mmのイットリア安定化ジルコニアボールにて2時間ボールミル混合したことと押出成形機にてせん断を加えずに円筒状に成形したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、固体酸化物形燃料電池モジュールを作製した。
得られたスラリー液の分散粒子径は10.0μmであった。
また、燃料極支持体のニッケル粒子とYSZ粒子の平均粒子径の差は1.54倍であった。
実施例1~3及び5で得られた燃料極用の複合材料に有機バインダー(メチルセルロース)と水、可塑剤(グリセリン)を混合し押出成形機にてせん断を加え1次粒子化させて円柱状に成形した。また、実施例4及び比較例1で得られた燃料極用の複合材料に有機バインダー(メチルセルロース)と水、可塑剤(グリセリン)を混合し押出成形機にてせん断を加えずに円柱状に成形した。得られたそれぞれの成形体を大気雰囲気中1300℃で焼結させて焼結体を得た。焼結体のNiOとYSZの重量比は65:35とした。
(焼結体の還元体の作製)
得られた焼結体を水素中900℃で還元させそれぞれの還元体を得た。還元体の寸法は直径5mm×長さ15mmの円柱状とした。
作製した燃料電池システムを以下のように運転させたのち、シャットダウン停止後、モジュール内の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの外観を目視にて確認した。
(燃料電池システム発電)
発電条件としては、燃料は都市ガス13Aで燃料利用率は75%とした。酸化剤は空気で空気利用率は40%とした。S/C=2.25とした。発電定常温度は700℃とし、電流密度0.2A/cm2で運転した。
(燃料電池システム停止)
定常温度で2時間運転したのち、燃料電池システムの電流、燃料ガス、空気、水の供給をほぼ同時に遮断する、シャットダウン停止により燃料電池システムを停止させた。システム内のモジュールを取り出し、内部の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの外観を目視にて確認した。
得られた焼結体の還元体で酸化膨張率の測定を行った。焼結体の還元体を700℃の大気雰囲気下にさらし、酸化膨張率の時間変化を測定した。酸化膨張率はサンプルの長手方向の長さを測定し、還元体の長さをL1、酸化後の長さをL2として、(L2-L1)/L1をパーセント表示することで算出した。また、ある時間におけるサンプルの長手方向の長さをL3、その1分後の長さをL4として、(L4-L3)/L3をパーセント表示することで1分間当たりの線膨張率、即ち酸化膨張速度を算出した。
Claims (14)
- 固体酸化物形燃料電池セルであって、
燃料ガス流路と、
前記燃料ガス流路の周囲に設けられた鉄族元素とセラミックスとを含んでなる燃料極層と、
前記燃料極層の周囲に設けられた固体電解質層と、
前記固体電解質層の周囲に設けられた空気極層とを有し、
燃料ガスが前記燃料ガス流路の一方側から供給され、前記燃料ガス流路の他方側に設けられた開口部から排出され、固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの温度が発電温度に近い高温状態において、前記開口部から酸化剤ガスが流入した場合に生じる前記燃料極層の酸化膨張の速度を抑制するための、膨張速度抑制処理が施されていることを特徴とする、固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記開口部から前記酸化剤ガスが流入し始めた以降の期間における、前記燃料極の1分間当たりの線膨張率が、0.09%以下であることを特徴とする、
請求項1に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記燃料極層は、前記鉄族元素の金属酸化物からなる粉末と、前記セラミックスからなる粉末とを、溶媒に分散させたスラリー液を乾燥させた複合材料から得られるものであり、
前記膨張速度抑制処理は、前記スラリー液の分散粒子径を10μm未満とする処理を施す工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記燃料極層は、前記鉄族元素の金属酸化物からなる粉末と、前記セラミックスからなる粉末とを、溶媒に分散させたスラリー液を乾燥させた複合材料を押出成形させてなるものであり、
前記膨張速度抑制処理は、押出成形時に複合材料にせん断を加え、1次粒子化する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項2又は3に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記鉄族元素がニッケルであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記セラミックスが安定化ジルコニアであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記安定化ジルコニアがイットリア安定化ジルコニアであることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記開口部には、前記開口部への酸化剤ガスの流入に対する圧力損失を高める酸化剤ガス流入抑制部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 前記酸化剤ガス流入抑制部は、前記開口部よりも小さい断面積を有する酸化剤ガス流入抑制流路を具備し、
この酸化剤ガス流入抑制流路は前記燃料ガス流路と連通していることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。 - 前記酸化剤ガス流入抑制部は、少なくとも前記開口部を覆う胴体部と、前記胴体部から突出するよう伸び、前記胴体部よりも径が細い縮径部とを有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セル。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを備える燃料電池システム。
- 燃料ガス流路と、
前記燃料ガス流路の周囲に設けられた鉄族元素とセラミックスとを含んでなる燃料極層と、
前記燃料極層の周囲に設けられた固体電解質層と、
前記固体電解質層の周囲に設けられた空気極層とを有し、燃料ガスが前記燃料ガス流路の一方側から供給され、前記燃料ガス流路の他方側に設けられた開口部から排出される固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法であって、
固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの温度が発電温度に近い高温状態において、前記開口部から酸化剤ガスが流入した場合に生じる前記燃料極層の酸化膨張の速度を抑制するための、膨張速度抑制処理を固体酸化物形燃料電池セルに施す工程を有することを特徴とする、固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記鉄族元素の金属酸化物からなる粉末と、前記セラミックスからなる粉末とを、溶媒に分散させたスラリー液を乾燥させた複合材料から前記燃料極層を得る工程を含み、
前記膨張速度抑制処理は、前記スラリー液の分散粒子径を10μm未満とする処理を施す工程を有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。 - 前記鉄族元素の金属酸化物からなる粉末と、前記セラミックスからなる粉末とを、溶媒に分散させたスラリー液を乾燥させた複合材料を押出成形させて前記燃料極層を得る工程を含み、
前記膨張速度抑制処理は、押出成形時に複合材料にせん断を加え、1次粒子化する工程を含むことを特徴とする、請求項12又は13に記載の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルの製造方法。
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CN100568597C (zh) * | 2004-09-13 | 2009-12-09 | 京瓷株式会社 | 燃料电池 |
KR101521420B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-05 | 2015-05-19 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고잔 가부시키가이샤 | 고체 산화물형 연료 전지용 산화 니켈 분말 재료와 그 제조 방법, 및 그것을 이용한 연료극 재료, 연료극, 및 고체 산화물형 연료 전지 |
-
2012
- 2012-05-18 EP EP12785959.3A patent/EP2712011B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-05-18 JP JP2013515222A patent/JP5858249B2/ja active Active
- 2012-05-18 WO PCT/JP2012/062790 patent/WO2012157748A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-05-18 CN CN201280023995.2A patent/CN103548191B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-18 US US14/118,168 patent/US20140087282A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2016
- 2016-05-09 US US15/149,746 patent/US20160254561A1/en not_active Abandoned
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US20160043410A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Korea Institute Of Energy Research | Tube-type solid-oxide secondary battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20140087282A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
EP2712011A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
EP2712011A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
JP5858249B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2712011B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
CN103548191A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
CN103548191B (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
US20160254561A1 (en) | 2016-09-01 |
JPWO2012157748A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
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