WO2012157625A1 - 電界効果トランジスタ及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
電界効果トランジスタ及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7786—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
- H01L29/7787—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT with wide bandgap charge-carrier supplying layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MODFET
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- H01L29/66446—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET]
- H01L29/66462—Unipolar field-effect transistors with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material, e.g. group 13/15 velocity modulation transistor [VMT], group 13/15 negative resistance FET [NERFET] with a heterojunction interface channel or gate, e.g. HFET, HIGFET, SISFET, HJFET, HEMT
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- H01L29/7783—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with confinement of carriers by at least two heterojunctions, e.g. DHHEMT, quantum well HEMT, DHMODFET using III-V semiconductor material
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- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/778—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface
- H01L29/7786—Field effect transistors with two-dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. HEMT ; with two-dimensional charge-carrier layer formed at a heterojunction interface with direct single heterostructure, i.e. with wide bandgap layer formed on top of active layer, e.g. direct single heterostructure MIS-like HEMT
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Definitions
- the present invention is based on the priority claim of Japanese patent application: Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-109636 (filed on May 16, 2011), the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Shall.
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a semiconductor device including a group III nitride semiconductor as a main material.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of the structure of a normally-off type field effect transistor (Field Effect Transistor) using Group III nitride semiconductor of Related Technology 1.
- a field effect transistor is described in Patent Document 1, for example.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a GaN-based field effect transistor (FET) having a HEMT (High Electric Mobility Transistor) structure that is normally off, has a very low on-resistance during operation, and can operate at a high current.
- FIG. 11 is newly rewritten this time based on FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1.
- the field effect transistor of Related Art 1 has the following configuration, for example.
- the substrate 110 is a sapphire substrate that is a (0001) plane, that is, a C-plane substrate,
- the buffer layer 111 is GaN or AlGaN,
- the channel layer 113 is GaN,
- the electron supply layer 114 is AlGaN.
- the source electrode 121 and the drain electrode 122 are spaced apart from each other on the electron supply layer 114 which is the uppermost layer of the semiconductor, and an ohmic contact is taken.
- the semiconductor surface between the source electrode 121 and the drain electrode 122 is covered with SiN, which is a protective film 131, an opening is formed in a part of the protective film 131, and a groove-shaped recess 141 is formed in the semiconductor part immediately below the protective film 131. .
- gate insulating film 132 made of, for example, Al 2 O 3 so as to cover the side surface and the bottom surface of the recess 141, and the gate electrode 123 is on it.
- a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG: 2 dimensional electron gas) is generated in the channel layer 113 at the heterojunction interface between the channel layer 113 and the electron supply layer 114.
- a two-dimensional electron gas is not generated in the channel layer portion (recess 141) where the gate insulating film 132 is formed instead of the electron supply layer 114 and the electron supply layer 114 does not exist. That is, the two-dimensional electron gas 151 is in a state where the spread in the two-dimensional direction is cut off at the location where the gate insulating film 132 is formed. Therefore, when the gate is opened, the drain current flowing in the channel layer 113 is suppressed.
- an electron accumulation layer (depletion layer) is formed at a position of the channel layer 113 immediately below the gate insulating film 132, and the two-dimensional electrons that were disconnected before the gate voltage was applied.
- the gas communicates through the inversion distribution layer, and shows the operation of the field effect transistor (FET operation) (normally-off type FET).
- FIG. 12 is an energy band diagram under the gate in an equilibrium state of the semiconductor device shown in FIG.
- the Fermi level of the semiconductor becomes higher than the conduction band, and electrons accumulate at the interface between the insulating film and the semiconductor.
- the gate voltage at which this state is realized is called “threshold voltage” and is one of the important indicators of the field effect transistor.
- a threshold value of +3 V or more is required to ensure safety in consideration of noise resistance.
- this threshold voltage is the difference between the conduction band at the insulating film-semiconductor interface and the Fermi level in the equilibrium state. (Amount represented by ⁇ VMS in FIG. 12) is closely related.
- the threshold value can be changed by selecting a gate electrode material, the range is at most about 1V.
- FIG. 13 shows the gate voltage (horizontal axis: V) when the thickness of the gate insulating film is changed and the two-dimensional electron concentration accumulated at the insulating film-semiconductor interface in the field effect transistor having the structure of the related art 1 ( This is the result of calculating the relationship of (electron concentration ⁇ thickness) (vertical axis: Ns (cm ⁇ 2 )) (according to the analysis results of the inventors of the present application).
- the thickness of the gate insulating film for example, 132 in FIG. 11
- the increase in the electron concentration starts with the same gate voltage
- the threshold voltage Indicates no change at all.
- the calculated threshold voltage is about 1V, which is different from + 3V required for application.
- the field effect transistor according to the related art 1 has a problem that a sufficiently high threshold voltage cannot be realized and there is almost no room for threshold design.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram obtained by rewriting FIG. 1 of Patent Document 2 (refer to the description of Patent Document 2 for details). Referring to FIG. 14, this field effect transistor has, for example, the following structure.
- Substrate 110 is (0001) silicon carbide (SiC),
- the buffer layer 111 is AlGaN,
- the lower barrier layer 112 includes lattice-relaxed Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1),
- the channel layer 113 is In y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) having a smaller band gap than the lower barrier layer 112 and having compressive strain.
- a source electrode 121 and a drain electrode 122 are disposed apart from each other and are in ohmic contact.
- the semiconductor surface between the source electrode 121 and the drain electrode 122 is covered with a gate insulating film 132, and the gate electrode 123 is disposed thereon.
- the gate insulating film 132 is polycrystalline or amorphous, and in the embodiment of Patent Document 2, silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) is used.
- Compressive strain is generated in the GaN channel layer 113, so that piezoelectric polarization occurs, and a two-dimensional electron layer 151 is generated at the interface with the lower barrier layer 112.
- the buffer layer 111 is an undoped graded AlGaN layer, and the Al composition of the buffer layer 111 gradually decreases from, for example, 1 to 0.1 as it goes from the substrate 110 toward the lower barrier layer 112 side.
- the buffer layer 111 has a function of releasing the accumulation of strain energy due to lattice mismatch or the like by the generation of dislocations (misfit dislocations generated at the interface or the like), and the lattice constant of the outermost surface of the buffer layer is changed to the AlGaN lower barrier layer 112. (Lattice matching).
- the AlGaN buffer layer 111 is a buffer layer for bringing the AlGaN lower barrier layer 112 into a lattice-relaxed state (no strain).
- the thickness of the AlGaN buffer layer 111 is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less in order to reduce the influence of dislocation. Since the AlGaN lower barrier layer 112 is lattice-matched with the outermost surface of the buffer layer 111, it is strain-free, that is, lattice-relaxed.
- the channel layer 113 is an undoped GaN layer, which is a strained lattice layer that is thinner than the critical film thickness for dislocation generation.
- the two-dimensional electron layer 151 can be changed and the threshold can be designed in a wide range.
- the present invention is generally configured as follows (however, the present invention is not limited to the following).
- the composition includes a substrate and a semiconductor layer provided on the substrate, and the semiconductor layer is provided on the substrate, grown on a Ga plane, and has a lattice relaxed composition In 1-z Al z N.
- a field effect transistor is provided in which a gate electrode is disposed in a region between drain electrodes via a gate insulating film.
- the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor can be controlled, which greatly contributes to increasing the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor and expanding the design range of the threshold voltage. Further, according to the present invention, since the channel layer is lattice-matched with the lower barrier layer, high reliability can be realized without entraining strain.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the relationship of the composition of lattice matching of InGaN and InAlN. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a gate insulating film and a threshold voltage. It is a figure which shows typically the cross-sectional structure of the field effect transistor of 2nd embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the cross-sectional structure of the field effect transistor of the related art 1. It is a figure which shows the energy band of the field effect transistor of the related art 1. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the gate voltage of the field effect transistor of related art 1, and the charge density accumulated. It is a figure which shows typically the cross-sectional structure of the field effect transistor of the related technique 2.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship of the composition of lattice matching of InGaN and InAlN. It is a figure which shows the relationship between a gate insulating film and a threshold voltage. It is a figure which shows typically the cross-sectional structure of the field effect transistor of 2nd embodiment. It is
- the field effect transistor comprises a substrate (10) and a semiconductor layer provided on the substrate (10), wherein the semiconductor layer is on the substrate (10).
- a buffer layer (11) comprising Ga-grown GaN or AlGaN, a lower barrier layer (12) having a lattice-relaxed composition In 1-z Al z N (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1), and the lower portion Provided on the barrier layer (12) and lattice-matched with the lower barrier layer (12), the composition Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) or In y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ ) 1), a source electrode (21) and a drain electrode (22) that are in ohmic contact with the upper portion of the semiconductor layer are disposed apart from each other, and the source electrode (21) And the drain electrode (22) In a region between the gate electrode (23) is disposed through a gate insulating film (32).
- the field effect transistor has a negative polarity at the interface between the lower barrier layer In 1-z Al z N and the channel layer Al x Ga 1-x N or ln y Ga 1-y N due to the polarization effect. Interfacial charges are generated.
- a negative electric field E is generated in the gate insulating film in an equilibrium state (the electric field E is substantially normal to the gate insulating film and from the channel layer to the gate electrode).
- V E ⁇ d
- the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor can be controlled.
- Vth0 + E ⁇ d a positive voltage
- V E ⁇ d
- the composition of the channel layer is Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and the composition of the lower barrier layer In 1-z Al z N is 0.76 ⁇ It is in the range of z ⁇ 1.
- the composition of the channel layer is In y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1), and the composition of the lower barrier layer In 1-z Al z N is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.86. It is in the range.
- the channel layer is lattice-matched with the lower barrier layer, high reliability can be realized without including strain (stress).
- strain stress
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of the field effect transistor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the field effect transistor shown in FIG. 1 has the following configuration, for example.
- the substrate 10 is a (0001) plane, that is, a sapphire substrate that is a C-plane substrate,
- the buffer layer 11 is GaN or AlGaN,
- the lower barrier layer 12 is lattice-relaxed InAlN,
- the channel layer 13 is lattice-matched to the lower barrier layer 12, and Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) or In y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1),
- the electron supply layer 14 is AlGaN.
- the source electrode 21 and the drain electrode 22 are arranged apart from each other and are in ohmic contact.
- the semiconductor surface between the source electrode 21 and the drain electrode 22 is covered with SiN, which is a protective film 31, and there is an opening in a part of the protective film 31, and there is a groove-like recess 41 in the semiconductor part immediately below it.
- the buffer layer 11 is a buffer layer for bringing the InAlN lower barrier layer 12 into a lattice-relaxed state (no strain). Since the InAlN lower barrier layer 12 is lattice-matched with the outermost surface of the buffer layer 11, it is strain-free, that is, lattice-relaxed.
- FIG. 2A is an energy band diagram under the gate in the equilibrium state of the field effect transistor of FIG. Since negative surface charges are generated at the interface between the InAlN lower barrier layer 12 and the GaN channel layer 13, a negative electric field is generated in the GaN channel layer 13 and the Al 2 O 3 gate insulating film 32.
- ⁇ VMS can be increased and a high threshold value can be realized as compared with the related technique 1 (FIG. 12) in which no electric field is generated in the gate insulating film.
- ⁇ VMS can be changed by changing the thickness d of the gate insulating film (Al 2 O 3 ) 32 (FIG. 2A: gate insulating film (Al 2 ). O 3 ) 32 thickness d 1, ⁇ VMS 1, FIG. 2B: gate insulating film (Al 2 O 3 ) 32 thickness d 2, ⁇ VMS 2). Therefore, the threshold voltage can be designed by changing the device structure parameter (the thickness of the gate insulating film).
- the threshold value is about 1V, whereas in the structure of this embodiment, a sufficiently high threshold value of + 4V or more can be realized.
- the channel layer 13 As described above, an example of GaN as the channel layer 13 has been shown. However, if a negative charge can be generated at the interface with the lower barrier layer 12, the channel layer 13 can be AlGaN or InGaN.
- the lower barrier layer 12 and the channel layer 13 are preferably a lattice-matched system, but a fluctuation of about 0.05 as the composition ratio is allowed.
- the surface charge and the threshold are designed as follows.
- the lattice constant a and spontaneous polarization PSP of InAlN, InGaN, and AlGaN are respectively expressed as follows.
- the unit of spontaneous polarization is C (Coulomb) m ⁇ 2 .
- the piezoelectric polarization of AlN is expressed by the following equations (7) and (8), and the piezoelectric polarization of GaN and InN is expressed by the following equations (9) and (10). It is expressed in
- P PZ (AlN) ⁇ 1.808 ⁇ 7.888 ⁇ 2 Cm ⁇ 2 for ⁇ > 0 (8)
- strain ⁇ is given by equation (11), where a buffer is the lattice constant of the buffer layer 11 and a es is the lattice constant of the lower barrier layer 12.
- Piezoelectric polarizations of Al x Ga 1-x N and In y Ga 1-y N with strain ⁇ with respect to the buffer layer 11 are expressed by the following equations (12) and (13), respectively.
- the spontaneous polarization P SP is obtained from the equations (4) and (6) when the channel layer 13 is Al x G 1-x N and the lower barrier layer 12 is In 1-z Al z N. Is given by the following equation (17).
- the spontaneous polarization at the interface Al x Ga 1-x N channel layer and In 1-z Al z N lower barrier layer P SP is, Al x Ga 1-x spontaneous polarization in the N-channel layer P SP (Al x
- the following formula (17) is obtained by subtracting the spontaneous polarization P SP (In 1-z Al z N) of the In 1-z Al z N lower barrier layer from Ga 1-x N).
- Equation (18) charge density generated at the interface between the GaN channel layer 13 and the In 1-z Al z N lower barrier layer 12).
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the Al composition x (horizontal axis) of Al x Ga 1-x N that is lattice matched and the Al composition z (vertical axis) of In 1-z Al z N. From FIG. 5, z that lattice-matches with Al x Ga 1-x N is in the range of 0.81 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, but in the range of 0.76 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, taking into account fluctuations during crystal growth. If there is, the same effect can be expected.
- ⁇ r relative dielectric constant of the gate insulating film
- ⁇ 0 Dielectric constant of vacuum
- E ins (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) in formula (19) is the charge at the interface between the Al x Ga 1-x N channel layer and the In 1-z Al z N lower barrier layer.
- (Negative charge) ⁇ (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) represents the strength of the electric field applied to the gate insulating film 32 in the normal direction.
- the gate insulating film 32 is a dielectric having a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r, and the side of the channel layer 13 sandwiching the gate insulating film 32 and the gate electrode 23 are parallel plate electrodes (area S: distance d ins ).
- V th (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) E ins (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) ⁇ d ins + V th0 (20)
- d ins is the thickness of the gate insulating film.
- V th (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) in formula (20) is the charge at the interface between the Al x Ga 1-x N channel layer and the In 1-z Al z N lower barrier layer.
- E ins (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) is applied to the gate insulating film 32 by ⁇ (Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N) Represents the threshold voltage.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the gate insulating film and the threshold voltage in the Al x Ga 1-x N / In 1-z Al z N lattice matching system.
- the horizontal axis represents the thickness (nm) of the gate insulating film, and the vertical axis represents the threshold voltage.
- (x, z) (0, 0.81), (0.4, 0.89), ( 0.8, 0.96) results are shown. In either case, the threshold voltage increased almost in proportion to the increase in the thickness (nm) of the gate insulating film, and the formula (20) was confirmed.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the InGaN composition and the charge density ⁇ when the lattice-matched In y Ga 1-y N channel layer 13 is used in FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the In composition ratio y
- the vertical axis represents the charge density (charge surface density) (cm ⁇ 2 )
- the charge density ⁇ in equation (22) is expressed as q (elementary charge: 1.602 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 19 is the absolute value of ⁇ / q divided by C).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between y of lattice-matched In y Ga 1-y N and z of In 1-z Al z N.
- the horizontal axis represents In y Ga 1-y N and the In composition ratio y
- the vertical axis represents the Al composition ratio z of Al z In 1-z N.
- Z lattice-matched with In y Ga 1-y N of Al is in the range of 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.81, but in consideration of fluctuation during crystal growth, if it is in the range of 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.86 The same effect can be expected.
- the threshold voltage is given by the following equation (24) in the same manner as equation (20).
- V th (In y Ga 1- y N / In 1-z Al z N) E ins (In y Ga 1-y N / In 1-z Al z N) d ins + V th0 ⁇ (24)
- V th0 is a threshold value in a structure in which an electric field is not applied to the gate insulating film in an equilibrium state, that is, a structure as shown in Related Art 1.
- FIG. 9 shows the thickness (horizontal axis) of the gate insulating film 32 and the threshold voltage in the In y Ga 1-y N / In 1-z Al z N lattice matching system (the channel layer is In y Ga 1-y N). It is a figure which shows the relationship of a vertical axis
- the horizontal axis represents the thickness (nm) of the gate insulating film, and the vertical axis represents the threshold voltage (V).
- V threshold voltage
- Non-Patent Document 1 As described above, based on the knowledge disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, the composition design of the semiconductor material has been described. Design.
- the composition ratio is, for example, 0.05. Even if there is a degree of fluctuation, almost the same effect can be obtained.
- the above field effect transistor is formed as follows.
- a buffer layer 11 (film thickness: 1 ⁇ m) and a lower part made of lattice-relaxed InAlN by, for example, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (abbreviated as “MOCVD”) on a (0001) plane sapphire substrate 10
- MOCVD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the barrier layer 12 (film thickness: 1 ⁇ m), the channel layer 13 (100 nm) made of GaN, and the electron supply layer 14 (film thickness: 30 nm) made of AlGaN are stacked in this order.
- the lower barrier layer 12 (InAlN) has a composition lattice-matched with GaN of the upper channel layer 13. A two-dimensional electron layer 51 is generated at the interface between the electron supply layer 14 and the channel layer 13.
- a metal such as titanium (Ti) / aluminum (Al) is deposited, and an annealing process is performed at, for example, 650 ° C., thereby forming the source electrode 21 and the drain electrode 22 in ohmic contact.
- SiN having a film thickness of 100 nm is formed as the protective film 31 by using, for example, a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (abbreviated as “PECVD”) method.
- PECVD plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- a recess 41 is formed by opening a part of the protective film 31 by etching and etching the semiconductor layer using the protective film 31 as a mask.
- the recess 41 has a depth at which the channel layer 13 is exposed.
- Al 2 O 3 is grown to a thickness of 10 nm as the gate insulating film 32 by an atomic layer deposition (hereinafter abbreviated as “ALD”) method.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- a gate electrode 23 is formed on the region where the recess 41 is formed by evaporating a metal such as Ni / Au. In this way, the field effect transistor shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured.
- sapphire is used as the substrate 10, but SiC or Si may be used.
- the protective film 31 may use a laminated structure of SiO 2 , SiN and SiO 2 in addition to the exemplified SiN.
- SiN or SiO 2 may be used as the gate insulating film 32.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of the field effect transistor according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the field effect transistor shown in FIG. 10 has the following configuration, for example.
- the substrate 10 is a sapphire substrate that is a (0001) plane, that is, a C-plane substrate,
- the buffer layer 11 is GaN or AlGaN,
- the lower barrier layer 12 is AlInN,
- the channel layer 13 is GaN.
- the source electrode 21 and the drain electrode 22 are spaced apart from each other on the channel layer 13 which is the uppermost layer of the semiconductor, and ohmic contact is taken.
- a semiconductor surface between the source electrode 21 and the drain electrode 22 has a gate insulating film 32 that also serves as a protective film, and a gate electrode 23 is provided thereon.
- a gate insulating film is used as a protective film, it is possible to form a protective film-semiconductor interface having a low trap density.
- GaN is used as the channel layer 13
- a configuration using AlGaN or InGaN as the channel layer may be used by using the design method shown in the first embodiment.
- SiC or Si may be used as the substrate 10.
- the protective film 31 may use a laminated structure of SiO 2 , SiN and SiO 2 in addition to the exemplified SiN.
- SiN or SiO 2 may be used as the gate insulating film 32.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、日本国特許出願:特願2011-109636号(2011年 5月16日出願)の優先権主張に基づくものであり、同出願の全記載内容は引用をもって本書に組み込み記載されているものとする。
本発明は、半導体装置に関し、特に、III族窒化物半導体を主原料として含む半導体装置に関する。
III族窒化物半導体を主原料として含む半導体装置の関連技術を以下に説明する。図11は、関連技術1のIII族窒化物半導体を利用したノーマリオフ型の電界効果トランジスタ(Field Effect Transistor)の構造の断面を模式的に示す図である。このような電界効果トランジスタは、例えば特許文献1に記載されている。特許文献1には、ノーマリオフ型で、動作時のオン抵抗が非常に小さく、大電流動作可能なHEMT(High Electrol Mobility Transistor)構造のGaN系電界効果トランジスタ(FET)が開示されている。なお、図11は、特許文献1の第1図等に基づき今回新たに書き直したものである。図11を参照すると、関連技術1の電界効果トランジスタは、例えば下記の構成を有している。
バッファ層111はGaNあるいはAlGaN、
チャネル層113はGaN、
電子供給層114はAlGaNである。
関連技術2として、閾値設計範囲を拡大する電界効果トランジスタが例えば特許文献2に記載されている。図14は、特許文献2の図1等を書き直した図である(なお、詳細は特許文献2の記載が参照される)。図14を参照すると、この電界効果トランジスタは、例えば下記の構造を有している。
バッファ層111はAlGaN、
下部障壁層112は格子緩和したAlxGa1-xN(0≦x≦1)、
チャネル層113は下部障壁層112よりもバンドギャップが小さく圧縮歪を有するInyGa1-yN(0≦y≦1)である。
図1は、本発明の第一の実施形態にかかる電界効果トランジスタの断面構成を模式的に示す図である。図1に示す電界効果トランジスタは、例えば下記の構成を有している。
バッファ層11はGaNあるいはAlGaN、
下部障壁層12は格子緩和したInAlN、
チャネル層13は下部障壁層12と格子整合した、AlxGa1-xN(0≦x≦1)またはInyGa1-yN(0≦y≦1)、
電子供給層14はAlGaNである。
+(1-x)(-0.918ε+9.541ε2) for ε<0 ・・・(14)
+(1-x)(-0.918ε+9.541ε2) for ε>0 ・・・(15)
+(1-y)(-0.918ε+9.541ε2) ・・・(16)
={-0.090x-0.031(1-x)+0.021x(1-x)}
-{-0.090z-0.042(1-z)+0.070z(1-z)}・・・(17)
εr:ゲート絶縁膜の比誘電率、
ε0:真空の誘電率
である。
Eins×S=Q/(εrε0)
が成り立ち、Q/S=σから、
Eins=σ/(εrε0)となる。
={-0.042y-0.034(1-y)+0.037y(1-y)}
-{-0.090z-0.042(1-z)+0.070z(1-z)}・・・(21)
図10は、本発明の第二の実施形態の電界効果トランジスタの断面構成を模式的に示す図である。図10に示す電界効果トランジスタは、例えば下記の構成を有している。
バッファ層11はGaNあるいはAlGaN、
下部障壁層12はAlInN、
チャネル層13はGaNである。
11、111 バッファ層
12、112 下部障壁層
13、113 チャネル層
14、114 電子供給層
21、121 ソース電極
22、122 ドレイン電極
23、123 ゲート電極
31、131 保護膜
32、132 ゲート絶縁膜
41、141 リセス
51、151 二次元電子層(2次元電子ガス)
52 n型領域
Claims (8)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた半導体層と、
を備え、
前記半導体層は、
前記基板上に設けられ、Ga面成長し、格子緩和した組成In1-zAlzN(0≦z≦1)を有する下部障壁層と、
前記下部障壁層上に設けられ、前記下部障壁層と格子整合し、組成AlxGa1-xN(0≦x≦1)又はInyGa1-yN(0≦y≦1)を有するチャネル層を備え、
前記半導体層の上部にオーミック接触するソース電極とドレイン電極とが互いに離間して配設されており、
前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極の間の領域に、ゲート絶縁膜を介してゲート電極が配置されている、ことを特徴とする電界効果トランジスタ。 - 前記下部障壁層と前記チャネル層の界面に分極に起因する負の面電荷を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。
- 前記ゲート絶縁膜に平衡状態において負の電界が印加されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。
- 前記チャネル層の組成がAlxGa1-xN(0≦x≦1)であり、
前記下部障壁層In1-zAlzNの組成が0.76≦z≦1の範囲にある、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。 - 前記チャネル層の組成がInyGa1-yN(0≦y≦1)であり、
前記下部障壁層In1-zAlzNの組成が0≦z≦0.86の範囲にある、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。 - 前記半導体層が、
前記基板の上に設けられ、Ga面成長したGaNを含有するバッファ層と、
前記バッファ層の上に設けられる、前記下部障壁層、前記チャネル層、及び、電子供給層と、
を備え、
前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極の間の領域において、前記半導体層表面の保護膜と、前記半導体層の前記電子供給層を貫通し前記チャネル層が露出する深さの開口からなるリセスを備え、
前記リセスの底面及び内壁を覆う前記ゲート絶縁膜の上に前記ゲート電極を備えた請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。 - 前記半導体層が、
前記基板の上に設けられ、Ga面成長したGaNを含有するバッファ層と、
前記バッファ層の上に設けられる、前記下部障壁層、及び前記チャネル層と、
を備え、
前記チャネル層は、前記ソース電極及び前記ドレイン電極の下部に、高濃度不純物領域を備え、
前記ソース電極と前記ドレイン電極の間の領域の半導体層表面は、保護膜を兼ねた前記ゲート絶縁膜で覆われる、請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の電界効果トランジスタ。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の電界効果トランジスタを1つ又は複数備えた半導体装置。
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TW201308597A (zh) | 2013-02-16 |
US20140084300A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
JP5718458B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
TW201631767A (zh) | 2016-09-01 |
TWI587512B (zh) | 2017-06-11 |
US20150076511A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
US8928038B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
US9231096B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
JPWO2012157625A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
TWI544628B (zh) | 2016-08-01 |
JP2015149488A (ja) | 2015-08-20 |
US20160079409A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
US9530879B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
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