WO2012151776A1 - 一种改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
- C07C29/153—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used
- C07C29/154—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases characterised by the catalyst used containing copper, silver, gold, or compounds thereof
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/033—Using Hydrolysis
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- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and relates to a novel auxiliary modified carbon dioxide catalytic hydrogenation methanol catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
- Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol is currently a hot research topic.
- the world's first methanol plant was established at BASF.
- the catalyst used was ZnO/Cr 2 O 3 , and the reaction conditions were 300 °C and 20 MPa.
- the most active and highly selective CuO-ZnO-Al 2 O 3 catalyst has good activity and methanol selectivity at 200 °C.
- new high-efficiency catalysts and more gradual reaction conditions continued to emerge.
- the preparation technology of CuO-ZnO-Al 2 O 3 catalyst is constantly evolving.
- the ultrafine particle catalyst has the characteristics of high specific surface area, high dispersion, good thermal stability, high surface energy and many surface active points.
- the methanol synthesis catalyst involved in Chinese patent CN1660490 is composed of CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 with a molar ratio of 6/3/1 and a certain amount of surfactant. It is prepared by coprecipitation or step precipitation.
- the methanol synthesis catalyst involved in Chinese patent CN1329938, CuO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 is composed according to a certain ratio.
- the preparation of the catalyst masterbatch is divided into two parts, one is made by coprecipitation method.
- the invention provides a novel auxiliary modified carbon dioxide catalytic hydrogenation methanol catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and the catalyst is improved by adding a promoter SiO 2 -TiO 2 , and the technical problem is to improve catalyst activity and methanol selectivity. And the stability of the catalyst.
- the mass ratio is between 1/5 and 5/1
- the range of C is between 1 and 10% of the sum of A and B
- the range of D is between 0 and 20% of the sum of A and B.
- the range of E is between 0.1 and 20% of the sum of the amounts of A and B added
- D: E is mixed in any ratio.
- the preparation of the catalyst of the invention adopts a coprecipitation method and includes the following steps:
- Step 1 Dissolving copper, zinc, and aluminum nitrate in water to obtain a mixed solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 5 mol/L;
- Step 2 Configure oxalic acid ethanol solution or oxalic acid aqueous solution 0.1 ⁇ 3mol/L , wherein oxalic acid can be replaced by one of sodium carbonate, urea, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate.
- Step 3 Configure a mixed solution of tetra-n-butyl titanate and n-butanol 0.001 ⁇ 3mol/L : Weigh a certain amount of tetra-n-butyl titanate, or drip the weighed tetra-n-butyl titanate into 5 ⁇ 20ml of n-butanol to form a mixed solution, stir for 2 ⁇ 10 minutes, and let stand for 5 ⁇ 30 minute;
- Step 4 Weigh a certain amount of ethyl orthosilicate
- Step 5 The aqueous oxalic acid solution of the step 2 is dropped into the mixed solution described in the step 1 under heating and stirring, and simultaneously dropped into the step 3
- the mixed solution of tetra-n-butyl titanate and n-butanol and the ethyl orthosilicate described in step 4 the temperature of the solution in the reaction vessel is controlled at 50-80 ° C, heated, stirred, reacted for 4 hours, aged 1 After an hour, the precipitate precursor is filtered, washed, and the pH of the filtrate is controlled between 7 and 8, after which the filter cake is dried at 110 ° C for 24 hours and then at 3.0 ° C / min.
- the temperature is programmed to 350 ° C for 4 hours, to room temperature, grinding, tableting, crushing, and sieving to obtain a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.
- the invention has the advantages and benefits that the catalyst for hydrogenation of carbon dioxide prepared by the method has the advantages of activity, methanol selectivity and stability, and is superior to the same proportion of CuO-ZnO-Al 2 without adding SiO 2 -TiO 2 promoter.
- O 3 catalyst meets energy saving and environmental protection requirements and is suitable for carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react at lower temperatures and pressures.
- Patent CN101690894A The raw materials used in the preparation of the catalyst are expensive and pollute the environment.
- the surfactant added by the patent CN1660490 can not increase the adsorption of carbon dioxide, and the selectivity of methanol is not greatly improved.
- the patent CN1329938 is complicated in the preparation method, and the present invention and the above two patents In contrast, neither the surfactant is added nor the catalyst precursor is prepared for two parts, and only the promoter SiO 2 -TiO 2 can be added, the preparation process is simple, the environmental pollution is small, and the cost is low.
- the particles are obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to a methanol catalyst.
- the solution C is added dropwise to obtain a precipitate (1).
- the reaction is carried out at 70 ° C for 4 hours under stirring, and allowed to stand for 1 hour, filtered, and then obtained.
- the filter cake is dried at 110 °C for 24 hours, heated to 350 °C at a temperature of 3.0 °C /min for 4 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. It is ground, compressed, crushed and sieved to obtain particles of a certain size. Hydrogenation to methanol catalyst.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
提供了一种改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂,该催化剂包含以下质量比的组分:CuO:ZnO:Al2O3:SiO2:TiO2=A:B:C:D:E,其中A:B为1/5〜5/1,C:(A+B)为1〜10%,D:(A+B)为0〜20%,E:(A+B)为0.1〜20%,D:E大于或等于0。该改性催化剂通过共沉淀方法制备。该催化剂与不含SiO2-TiO2的相同组成的CuO-ΖnΟ-Αl2O3催化剂相比,具有较好的活性、稳定性和甲醇选择性,制备方法简单、成本低、污染小。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化剂技术领域,涉及一种新型助剂改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂及制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业化发展速度的加快,特别是石油化工行业的迅猛发展,二氧化碳温室气体超标准排放,所引起的'温室效应'和'臭氧空洞'日益影响人类与大自然的和谐相处,已经引起全世界范围的广泛关注,
2009
年哥本哈根会议,再一次把世人的目光会聚到温室气体的排放上。二氧化碳气体的随意排放不仅造成严重的环境问题,而且造成碳资源的严重浪费。二氧化碳催化加氢,则可生成高附加值的化工产品如甲醇、甲烷、甲酸、二甲醚、乙醇等,这些产物进一步转化,可生产汽油和其它有机聚合物等,可以缓解目前资源紧缺的局面,具有化工、环保、经济等多重意义。
二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇是目前研究的热点, 1923 年世界上第一个甲醇工厂在 BASF
公司建立,所用催化剂是 ZnO/Cr2O3 ,反应条件为 300 ℃ 、 20 MPa
。目前采用最多的是高活性、高选择性的 CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 催化剂,该催化剂在 200 ℃
就具有较好的活性和甲醇选择性 。但 是随着研究的进一步深入,新的高效催化剂和更缓和的反应条件不断呈现。
CuO-ZnO-Al2O3
催化剂的制备技术不断推陈出新,超细颗粒催化剂具有较高的比表面积、高分散度、热稳定性好、高表面能和表面活性点多等特点,表现出不同于常规材料的独特催化性能,同时超细催化剂具有副产物少和甲醇选择性高等特点。载体选择更加新颖化,常见的载体有
ZrO2 、 Al2O3 、 TiO2 、活性炭( AC
)等,目前已出现用碳纳米管( CNTs
)作为载体和用复合载体的催化剂,表现出更高的活性、甲醇选择性和热稳定性。目前对二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇铜基催化剂的研究主要集中在制备方法的进一步优化和改进上,目的是提高催化剂的活性、甲醇选择性和稳定性,通过添加助剂来改善催化剂的性能是研究者追求的目标之一。
中国专利 CN101690894A 所涉及的甲醇合成催化剂,由
LaCr1-xCuxO3 组成,其中 x 为主组分 Cu 的相对摩尔分数, x = 0.1
~ 0.9 , La ∶ Cr ∶ Cu = 1 ∶ (1-x) ∶ x ,采用 柠檬酸络合-快速燃烧法制得。
中国专利 CN1660490 所涉及的甲醇合成催化剂,由
CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 , 摩尔比为 6/3/1
,并加入一定量的表面活性剂组成,采用共沉淀法或分步沉淀法制得。
中国专利 CN1329938 所涉及的甲醇合成催化剂,
CuO/ZnO/Al2O3
按一定配比组成,在制备方法上与其它方法不同,将催化剂母料制备分为两部分,一是用共沉淀法制成含铜、锌、铝的共沉淀前驱体,二是采用共沉淀法制备不含铝的铜、锌共沉淀前驱体。
专利 CN1660490 所加入表面活性剂不能提高对二氧化碳的吸附,甲醇选择性提高不大,专利
CN1329938 在制备方法上较为复杂,本发明与以上两种专利相比,既没有加入表面活性剂,又不必为两部分制备催化剂前驱体,只需加入助催化剂
SiO2-TiO2 即可,制备工艺简单,环境污染小,成本低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型助剂改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂及制备方法, 通过添加助催化剂
SiO2-TiO2 来改善催化剂的性能, 解决的技术问题是 提高催化剂的活性、甲醇选择性和催化剂的稳定性
。
本发明的技术方案是:
本发明所述的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂包括下述质量分数的组分: CuO : ZnO :
Al2O3 : SiO2 : TiO2 =A : B : C : D
: E ,其 A : B 的质量比在 1/5~5/1 之间, C 的范围在 A 与 B 加入量之和的 1~10% , D 的范围在 A 与 B 加入量之和的
0~20% 之间, E 的范围在 A 与 B 加入量之和的 0.1~20% 之间, D : E 按任意比例混合。
本发明催化剂的制备采用共沉淀法,包括以下步骤:
步骤 1 :将铜、锌、铝的硝酸盐溶解在水中,得到浓度为 0.1~5mol/L 的混合溶液;
步骤 2 :配置草酸乙醇溶液或草酸水溶液 0.1~3mol/L
,其中草酸可以用碳酸钠、尿素、碳酸钾、碳酸氨中一种代替。
步骤 3 配置钛酸四正丁酯与正丁醇的混合溶液 0.001~3mol/L
:称取一定量的钛酸四正丁酯,或将所称取的钛酸四正丁酯滴入 5~20ml 正丁醇中形成混合溶液,搅拌 2~10 分钟,并静置 5~30 分钟;
步骤 4 称取一定量的正硅酸乙酯;
步骤 5 :将步骤 2 的草酸水溶液在加热和搅拌的条件下,滴入步骤 1 所述的混合溶液中,同时滴入步骤 3
所述的钛酸四正丁酯与正丁醇形成的混合溶液和步骤 4 所述的正硅酸乙酯,反应容器中溶液温度控制在 50~80 ℃ ,加热、搅拌、反应 4 小时,老化 1
小时,然后将沉淀物前驱体过滤、洗涤、控制滤液 pH 值在 7~8 之间,之后将滤饼在 110 ℃下 干燥 24 小时,然后以 3.0 ℃ /min
的程序升温至 350 ℃ 焙烧 4 小时,降至室温,研磨、压片、破碎、筛分即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂。
本发明的效果和益处是所述方法制备的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂,活性、甲醇选择性和稳定性,均优于不添加
SiO2-TiO2 助剂的同比例 CuO-ZnO-Al2O3
催化剂,符合节能降耗和环保要求,适用于二氧化碳和氢气在较低温度和压力下反应。
专利 CN101690894A 制备催化剂所使用原料价格昂贵且污染环境,专利 CN1660490
所加入表面活性剂不能提高对二氧化碳的吸附,甲醇选择性提高不大, 专利 CN1329938
在制备方法上较为复杂,本发明与以上两种专利相比,既没有加入表面活性剂,又不必为两部分制备催化剂前驱体,只需加入助催化剂
SiO2-TiO2 即可,制备工艺简单,环境污染小,成本低。
具体实施方式
实施例 1
称取 22.76g
Cu(NO3)2·3H2O , 21.91g
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O , 11.03g
Al(NO3)3·9H2O ,溶于 300ml 水中,溶液记为 A 液,称取 32.06g
H2C2O4·2H2O 溶于 150ml 水中,溶液记为 B 液,称取
5.11g 钛酸四正丁酯溶于 10 ml 正丁醇中,溶液记为 C 液,在 70 ℃ 和搅拌条件下,把 B 液滴入 A 液中共沉淀反应,同时滴入 C
液,得到沉淀液 ( 1 ) , 在 70 ℃和搅拌条件下反应4小时,静置老化1小时,过滤,然后把得到的滤饼在 110 ℃ 下烘干 24 小时, 以 3.0 ℃
/min 的程序升温至 350 ℃ 焙烧 4 小时,降至室温,研磨、压片、破碎、筛分得一定粒径颗粒,即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂。
实施例 2
称取 22.76g
Cu(NO3)2·3H2O , 21.91g
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O , 11.03g
Al(NO3)3·9H2O ,溶于 300ml 水中,溶液记为 A 液,称取 26.96g
Na2CO3 溶于 150ml 水中,溶液记为 B 液,称取 5.11g 钛酸四正丁酯溶于 10 ml
正丁醇中,溶液记为 C 液,在 70 ℃ 和搅拌条件下,把 B 液滴入 A 液中共沉淀反应,同时滴入 C 液,得到沉淀液 ( 1 ) , 在 70
℃和搅拌条件下反应4小时,静置老化1小时,过滤,然后把得到的滤饼在 110 ℃ 下烘干 24 小时, 以 3.0 ℃ /min 的程序升温至 350 ℃ 焙烧
4 小时,降至室温,研磨、压片、破碎、筛分得一定粒径颗粒,即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂。
实施例 3
称取 22.76g
Cu(NO3)2·3H2O , 21.91g
Zn(NO3)2·6H2O , 11.03g
Al(NO3)3·9H2O ,溶于 300ml 水中,溶液记为 A 液,称取 32.06g
H2C2O4·2H2O 溶于 150ml 水中,溶液记为 B 液,称取
0.64g 钛酸四正丁酯溶于 10 ml 正丁醇中,溶液记为 C 液,称取 0.52 g 正硅酸乙酯,记为 D 液,在 70 ℃ 和搅拌条件下,把 B 液滴入
A 液中共沉淀反应,同时滴入 C 液和 D 液 ,得到沉淀液 ( 1 ) , 在 70 ℃和搅拌条件下反应4小时,静置老化1小时,过滤,然后把得到的滤饼在
110 ℃ 下烘干 24 小时, 以 3.0 ℃ /min 的程序升温至 350 ℃ 焙烧 4
小时,降至室温,研磨、压片、破碎、筛分得一定粒径颗粒,即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇催化剂。
附表 1 : 催化剂
CuO-ZnO-Al2O3- SiO2-TiO2
的催化性能(
g · cat )
催化剂: CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-
SiO2-TiO2 , CuO/ZnO/Al2O3/
SiO2-TiO2=5/4/1/X (质量比,其中 X=0.001~0.2 , m
SiO2: m TiO2=0,1 ) .
反应条件 : T=260 ℃, P=2.6Mpa , WHSV=3600 h-1 ,
H2/CO2=3/1 (体积比),反应前用 10% H2/N2
程序升温至 270 ℃还原 2 小时。
| Promoters(wt.%) | CO2
conversion (%) |
CH3OH selectivity (%) |
CO selectivity (%) |
CH3OH yield (%) |
| without | 15.81 | 23.31 | 76.69 | 3.69 |
| 2 wt.% TiO2 | 16.10 | 25.29 | 74.71 | 4.07 |
| 4 wt.% TiO2 | 24.53 | 30.98 | 69.02 | 7.60 |
| 6 wt.% TiO2 | 18.37 | 25.83 | 74.17 | 4.74 |
| 8 wt.% TiO2 | 16.58 | 23.31 | 76.69 | 3.86 |
| 2 wt.% TiO2 -SiO2
m SiO2: m TiO2=1 |
40.70 | 41.17 | 58.83 | 16.76 |
Claims (1)
1 、一种新型助剂改性的二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂,其特征在于: CuO : ZnO :
Al2O3 : SiO2 : TiO2 =A : B : C : D
: E ,其中 A : B 的质量比为 1/5~5/1 之间, C 为 A 与 B 加入量之和的 1~10% , D 为 A 与 B 加入量之和的 0~20%
, E 为 A 与 B 加入量之和的 0.1~20% , D : E 按任意比例混合。
2 、权利要求 1 所述催化剂的制备方法,采用共沉淀法制得,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
步骤 1 :将铜、锌、铝的硝酸盐溶解在水中,得到浓度为 0.1~5mol/L 的混合溶液,按权利要求 1 所述比例加入
TiO2 和 SiO2 ;
步骤 2 :配置草酸水溶液 0.1~3mol/L ;
步骤 3 :配置钛酸四正丁酯与正丁醇的混合溶液 0.001~3mol/L :钛酸四正丁酯或钛酸四正丁酯滴入 5~20ml
正丁醇中形成混合溶液,搅拌 2~10 分钟,并静置 5~30 分钟;
步骤 4 :称取正硅酸乙酯;
步骤 5 :将步骤 2 的草酸水溶液在加热和搅拌的条件下,滴入步骤 1 的混合溶液中,同时滴入步骤 3
的钛酸四正丁酯与正丁醇的混合溶液和步骤 4 所述的正硅酸乙酯,温度控制在 50~80 ℃ ,反应 4 小时,老化 1
小时,然后将沉淀物前驱体过滤、洗涤、控制滤液 pH 值在 7~8 之间,之后将滤得的催化剂前驱体烘干;然后以 3.0 ℃ /min 的程序升温至 350 ℃
焙烧 4 小时,再降至室温,研磨、压片、破碎、筛分即得到二氧化碳催化加氢制甲醇的催化剂。
3 、根据权利要求 2 所述的
制备方法,其特征在于所述的草酸用碳酸钠、尿素、碳酸钾、碳酸氨中一种代替。
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| CN2011101328823 | 2011-05-12 |
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