WO2012088671A1 - 一种快速混合反应器及其应用 - Google Patents

一种快速混合反应器及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012088671A1
WO2012088671A1 PCT/CN2010/080434 CN2010080434W WO2012088671A1 WO 2012088671 A1 WO2012088671 A1 WO 2012088671A1 CN 2010080434 W CN2010080434 W CN 2010080434W WO 2012088671 A1 WO2012088671 A1 WO 2012088671A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
feed
distributor
disposed
hollow impeller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/080434
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁建生
孙德镇
华卫琦
候庆乐
王文波
于学丽
Original Assignee
烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司 filed Critical 烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司
Priority to HUE10852321A priority Critical patent/HUE026867T2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/080434 priority patent/WO2012088671A1/zh
Priority to US13/499,703 priority patent/US9138717B2/en
Priority to BR112012029403-2A priority patent/BR112012029403B1/pt
Priority to JP2013546549A priority patent/JP5850345B2/ja
Priority to EP10852321.8A priority patent/EP2486975B1/en
Priority to KR1020137018951A priority patent/KR101499758B1/ko
Priority to SA111330016A priority patent/SA111330016B1/ar
Publication of WO2012088671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012088671A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/26Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/62Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis comprising liquid feeding, e.g. spraying means
    • B01F27/621Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis comprising liquid feeding, e.g. spraying means the liquid being fed through the shaft of the stirrer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/625Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis the receptacle being divided into compartments, e.g. with porous divisions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/002Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C209/00Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/68Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton
    • C07C209/78Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton from amines, by reactions not involving amino groups, e.g. reduction of unsaturated amines, aromatisation, or substitution of the carbon skeleton from carbonyl compounds, e.g. from formaldehyde, and amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings, with formation of methylene-diarylamines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C263/00Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
    • C07C263/10Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G12/00Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen
    • C08G12/02Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes
    • C08G12/04Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with only compounds containing hydrogen attached to nitrogen of aldehydes with acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
    • C08G12/06Amines
    • C08G12/08Amines aromatic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00189Controlling or regulating processes controlling the stirring velocity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00245Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects
    • B01J2219/00247Fouling of the reactor or the process equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00761Details of the reactor
    • B01J2219/00763Baffles
    • B01J2219/00765Baffles attached to the reactor wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a rapid mixing reactor, and more particularly to a dynamic reactor for achieving rapid mixing and rapid reaction between fluids under a large-scale production capacity. Meanwhile, the present invention also provides a process for producing an isocyanate by phosgenation using the reactor, and a process for producing a polymethylene polyphenylpolyamine by using the reactor through aniline and formaldehyde. Background technique
  • reaction products or intermediates may be directly related to a component of the raw materials. Therefore, the initial mixing effect between the materials will greatly affect the final product distribution, the yield and quality of the target product, and at the same time affect the design and energy consumption of the entire production process.
  • the reaction process mainly includes a phosgene gasification stage and a thermo-optic gasification stage.
  • the liquid polyamine and the liquid phosgene are separately dissolved in an inert solvent such as chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene, chlorinated naphthalene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, etc. They are reacted at a low temperature of 0 to 9 (TC).
  • TC 0 to 9
  • This process is a complex multi-step tandem competitive response.
  • the main reaction is an instantaneous reaction, and the time scale of the reaction is on the order of milliseconds or less; the resulting product further reacts rapidly with the raw material to form a by-product which is insoluble in the system. Therefore, the initial mixing effect of the two raw materials will directly affect the yield and selectivity of the main product.
  • Successfully designing a fast liquid mixing reactor to increase the initial mixing effect of the two feed streams is of great significance for increasing the yield and selectivity of the main product and reducing the formation of by-product viscous materials.
  • the reaction process mainly includes a salt formation reaction stage, a precondensation reaction stage, and an index reaction stage.
  • the precondensation reaction stage the mixture of aniline hydrochloride and circulating liquid is rapidly mixed with formaldehyde at a pre-condensation reaction at 20-90 ° C.
  • Cross-flow mixing is an important method to achieve rapid mixing between fluids.
  • One way is that one fluid is injected into another fluid through several small holes, which is divided into many small pieces due to the passage of fluid through the small holes.
  • the stream is injected into the main stream, and each fluid is rapidly surrounded by the main stream after injection, thereby achieving rapid mixing between the two streams.
  • a pore jet injection reactor (Fig. 1) is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,117,048, which is a cross-flow type of a small hole in which a fluid (polyamine) is distributed through a reduced diameter. Jet into the main fluid (phosgene) to achieve rapid mixing of the two fluids.
  • the reactor is mainly designed to reduce the degree of turbulence of the two materials by reducing the diameter of the material, thereby enhancing the initial mixing effect between the materials.
  • the jet reactor reduces the amount of solvent used to dilute the reactants.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a novel rapid mixing reactor for achieving rapid mixing between two materials under a large production capacity, strengthening the main reaction, suppressing side reactions, and improving the yield and quality of the target product.
  • the reactor provided by the present invention is based on the following design concept: the first fluid is introduced through the flow passage, and the second fluid is uniformly injected into the first fluid through the rotating impeller inlet. Since the second fluid is added to the first fluid through the rotating impeller, the two materials are uniformly hooked at the first time and no further mixing space is required.
  • the rotating feed port also acts as a stirrer, thus achieving the purpose of quickly mixing the two materials without mixing space.
  • the material inlet can be arranged relative to the other stream, so it is not limited by the flow space, without any amplification effect, and can be realized under large-scale production capacity. Rapid mixing between fluids, rapid response.
  • the basic structure of the rapid mixing reactor provided by the present invention is as follows:
  • a rapid mixing reactor comprising the following components: a first feed channel housing, a reactor housing, a second feed channel, a hollow impeller material distributor, a rotating shaft, a first feed distributor;
  • the first feed channel housing and the reactor housing are coaxially disposed, and are disposed in the first a first feed distributor at the end of the feed passage housing is in communication with a reaction space in the reactor housing;
  • the second feed passage, the hollow impeller material distributor and the rotating shaft are disposed along a central axis of the reactor,
  • the hollow impeller material distributor is located in the reactor housing and is rotatable within the reactor housing by the rotating shaft, and the second feed passage is in communication with the material passage in the hollow impeller material distributor;
  • At least one first feed port is disposed on a feed passage housing;
  • at least one reaction liquid outlet is disposed at an end of the reactor housing; and
  • a first feed distributor and a hollow impeller material distributor are respectively disposed The first feed injection port and the second feed injection port.
  • the second feed passage, the hollow impeller material distributor and the rotating shaft are sequentially fixedly coupled along the central axis of the rapid mixing reactor.
  • a dynamic seal ring and a static seal ring capable of being attached to each other are disposed at a joint of the hollow impeller material distributor and the second feed passage, and the dynamic seal ring is disposed on the hollow impeller material distributor, and the The static sealing ring is disposed at the end of the second feeding passage, one side of the static sealing ring is attached to the dynamic sealing ring on the hollow impeller material distributor, and the other side is passed through the expansion joint and the magazine from the inside to the outside.
  • Fixed on the first feed distributor With this design, the dynamic seal ring and the static seal ring can be closely fitted when the hollow impeller material distributor rotates.
  • the second feeding passage is disposed inside the rotating shaft and is fixedly connected and communicated with the hollow impeller material distributor, so that the hollow impeller material distributor is The rotating shaft is rotated in the reactor housing.
  • the second feed injection port is disposed on the side of the hollow impeller material distributor, or disposed on the outermost edge of the hollow impeller material distributor, or disposed on the A channel drawn from the hollow impeller material distributor perpendicular to the impeller disk.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the shape, size and number of the second feed injection port on the hollow impeller material distributor, as long as the process requirements can be met, for example, the shape of the injection port (referring to the injection port)
  • the shape of the cross section of the internal passage may be selected from any one or more of a circle, a triangle, a diamond, a trapezoid, a polygon, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, etc., preferably a circle or a rectangle.
  • the specific size and number of the injection ports can be calculated by a person skilled in the art by a conventional process in accordance with specific process requirements.
  • the first feed distributor is provided with a first feed injection port, and preferably, the first feed injection port may be an annular gap or a uniform hook distribution. Multiple openings.
  • the annular gap-shaped first feed injection port is the same and/or different from a plurality of inner diameters disposed at the same center of the first feed distributor An arc-shaped slit; wherein a plurality of arc-shaped slits having the same inner diameter are spaced apart from each other, and the circle in which they are located is the same as the center of the first feed distributor.
  • circles of different inner diameters formed by arcuate slits having different inner diameters are also preferably disposed at the same center as the first feed distributor.
  • the shape of the opening may be selected from the group consisting of a circle, a triangle, a diamond, a trapezoid, a polygon, an ellipse, a square, and a rectangle. Any one or more of them are preferably circular.
  • the present invention has no special requirements for the specific size and quantity of the first feed injection port, and can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to specific process requirements by conventional process calculation.
  • an annular inwardly projecting reaction channel adjusting block is disposed on the inner wall of the reactor casing downstream of the hollow impeller material distributor for To a lesser extent, the flow path of the reactants is reduced.
  • the flow rate of the reaction liquid can be between 10 m/s and 500 m/s, preferably 30 m/s to 300 m/s.
  • the reaction channel adjusting block can be separately formed and fixed on the inner wall of the reactor casing, or can be integrally formed with the reactor casing.
  • At least one primary stirring blade is vertically disposed on the rotating shaft, and the stirring blade includes at least two stirring blades to enhance the downstream of the hollow impeller material distributor.
  • Instantaneous rapid mixing of the reactant stream further preferably, one to three stages of agitating blades are vertically disposed on the rotating shaft, and each stage of the agitating blades comprises 2 to 20 pieces of agitating blades; and further preferably, the rotating shaft is vertically disposed one level
  • the paddle is agitated, and the agitating paddle and the reaction channel adjusting block are disposed on the same section perpendicular to the central axis of the reactor.
  • the reactor of the present invention further comprises a rotating motor coupling disposed at the end of the reactor to facilitate the relative fixation of the reactor to the rotating motor.
  • the rapid mixing reactor provided by the present invention, there is no special requirement for the material of the reactor, and any material commonly used in the art can be used, including but not limited to steel, glass, ceramics, alloys, silicon carbide or enamelled steel.
  • the present invention also provides an amine having the general formula (I) using the above-described rapid mixing reactor Process for the preparation of an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic isocyanate of the formula (II), R(NH 2 ) n (I)
  • the phosgene solution is a phosgene solution having a concentration of 30-100% by weight formed by dissolving pure phosgene or phosgene in an inert organic solvent;
  • the organic solution of the amine is The amine represented by the formula (I) is dissolved in an inert organic solvent to form an amine solution having a concentration of 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight.
  • the amine represented by the formula (I) may be selected from any one of the following compounds: toluenediamine, 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, multi-Asia Methyl polyphenyl polyamine, isophorone diamine, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexane diamine, naphthalene diamine, p-phenylenediamine, benzene dimethylene diamine, cyclohexane dimethylene diamine And trimethyl-1,6-hexamethylenediamine, tetramethylm-xylylenediamine, dimethylbiphenyldiamine and methylcyclohexyldiamine, preferably toluenediamine.
  • the inert organic solvent for dissolving phosgene and the amine may be the same or different, and the inert organic solvent is respectively selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, and Dichlorobenzene, monochlorobiphenyl, dialkyl terephthalate or o-benzene One or more of diethyl formate.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a polymethylene polyphenyl polyamine (referred to as a polyamine) from aniline using the above-described rapid mixing reactor, the method comprising the steps of:
  • a raw material is evenly distributed into the other stream through a rotating distribution channel to achieve rapid mixing of the two streams;
  • the reactor can theoretically be infinitely enlarged, which can realize rapid instantaneous mixing between two fluids under large-scale production capacity, and overcome the mixing distance caused by the increase of the flow channel space in the conventional reactor during the amplification process. And the disadvantage of correspondingly increasing the mixing time;
  • the mixing is fast and uniform, and the side reaction is minimized, and the amount of solvent and the excess of phosgene in the reactant feed are reduced in the process of phosgenation to prepare isocyanate.
  • This increases the capacity of the unit, improves product quality and reduces energy consumption.
  • the reactor provided by the present invention is used for preparing polymethylene polyphenylpolyamine from aniline and formaldehyde, the precondensation reaction temperature can be improved, the product quality can be improved, and the apparatus can be stably operated for a long period of time.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pore jet type jet reactor disclosed in US 5, 117, 048;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a reactor disclosed in US 5, 931, 579;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of the reactor provided by the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of another preferred embodiment of the reactor provided by the present invention
  • Figures 5a - 5c are described in the present invention. Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the feed injection port on the hollow impeller material distributor;
  • 6a-6c are schematic views showing the arrangement of the feed injection ports on the first feed distributor of the present invention. detailed description
  • the rapid mixing reactor mainly comprises the following components: a first feed channel housing 1, a reactor housing 4, a second feed passage 17, a hollow impeller material distributor 6, and a rotation.
  • Axis 1 0, first feed distributor 3.
  • the first feed channel housing and the reactor housing are disposed coaxially and in communication with a reaction space within the reactor housing through a first feed distributor disposed at an end of the first feed channel housing.
  • the second feed channel, the hollow impeller material distributor and the rotating shaft are sequentially fixedly connected along a central axis of the rapid mixing reactor.
  • the hollow impeller material distributor is disposed in the reactor housing and is axially rotatable within the reactor housing by the rotating shaft.
  • the second feed passage is in communication with the material passage 12 in the hollow impeller material distributor.
  • the first feed channel housing is provided with at least one first feed port 2, and the space enclosed by the first feed channel housing 1 and the first feed distributor 3 is a first feed channel 18. At least one reaction liquid outlet 8 is provided at the end of the reactor housing.
  • a plurality of first feed injection ports 13 are uniformly disposed on the first feed distributor 3, and the hollow impeller material distributor 6 is provided with a plurality of passages perpendicular to the impeller discs, and the passages are perpendicular to the impeller discs.
  • Figure 5c is a partial enlarged view of the passage perpendicular to the impeller disk, the opening of which is slightly different from that shown in Figure 3.
  • the hollow impeller described in the present invention The material distributor may also provide a second feed injection port in accordance with Figures 5a, 5b or other possible means.
  • a dynamic seal ring 14 and a static seal ring 19 which are capable of abutting each other are provided at the junction of the hollow impeller material distributor 6 and the second feed passage 17.
  • the dynamic seal ring 14 is disposed on the hollow impeller material distributor, and the static seal ring 19 is disposed at the end of the second feed passage, one side of the static seal ring 19 and the hollow impeller material distributor
  • the movable seal ring 14 is fitted, and the other side thereof is fixed to the first feed distributor 3 by the expansion joint 16 and the spring 15 from the inside to the outside.
  • an annular inwardly projecting reaction channel adjusting block 7 is disposed on the inner wall of the reactor casing downstream of the hollow impeller material distributor for narrowing the reactants to some extent.
  • An agitating paddle 11 is vertically disposed on the rotating shaft 10, and the agitating paddle 1 and the reaction channel adjusting block 7 are disposed on the same section perpendicular to the central axis of the reactor.
  • the reactor of the present invention further comprises a rotating motor coupling 9 disposed at the end of the reactor housing to facilitate relative fixation of the reactor to the rotating electrical machine.
  • the first feed injection port provided on the first feed distributor may be an annular gap or a plurality of openings uniformly distributed, as long as the first feed can be uniformly ensured. It is sufficient to enter the downstream reaction zone through the injection port.
  • the phosgene solution first enters through the first feed port 1 and fills the first feed channel 18, and then uniformly sets a plurality of first through the first feed distributor 3.
  • a feed injection port 13 enters the reactor housing.
  • the organic solution of the amine of formula (I) is introduced by the second feed channel , through the material channel 12 in the rotating hollow impeller material distributor 16 and through a plurality of second feed ports. 5
  • the polyamine solution is uniformly sprayed into the phosgene solution stream to achieve rapid mixing and rapid reaction.
  • the mixed material continues to move downstream under the action of the feed pressure, and is agitated by the stirring blade 1 1 perpendicular to the rotating shaft, and then passed through the reaction liquid outlet 8 to the next-stage reactor, and the final isocyanate is obtained by raising the temperature.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of another preferred embodiment of the reactor provided by the present invention, As can be seen from the figure, the reactor mainly comprises the following components: a first feed channel housing 21, a reactor housing 24, a second feed channel 34, a hollow impeller material distributor 26, a rotating shaft 30, a A feed distributor 23.
  • the first feed channel housing 21 and the reactor housing 24 are coaxially disposed, and are in communication with a reaction space in the reactor housing through a first feed distributor 23 disposed at an end of the first feed passage housing .
  • the second feeding passage 34 is disposed inside the rotating shaft 30, and the second feeding passage 34, the rotating shaft 30 and the hollow impeller material distributor 26 are coaxially disposed with the quick mixing reactor, and the hollow impeller material
  • the distributor 26 is fixedly coupled to one end of the rotating shaft 30 such that the hollow impeller material distributor 26 is axially rotated within the reactor housing by the rotating shaft 30.
  • the second feed passage is in communication with the material passage 32 in the hollow impeller material distributor.
  • the first feed channel housing is provided with at least one first feed port 22, and the space enclosed by the first feed channel housing 21 and the first feed distributor 23 is a first feed channel 35.
  • At least one reaction liquid outlet 28 is provided at the end of the reactor housing.
  • the first feed distributor 23 is provided with a plurality of first feed injection ports 33, and the hollow impeller material distributor 26 is provided with a plurality of passages perpendicular to the impeller disc, and the passages are perpendicular to the impeller discs. There are a plurality of second feed injection ports 25. Furthermore, the hollow impeller material distributor of the present invention may also be provided with a second feed injection port in accordance with Figures 5a, 5b, 5c or other possible means.
  • an annular inwardly projecting reaction channel adjusting block 27 is disposed on the inner wall of the reactor casing downstream of the hollow impeller material distributor 26 to reduce the reactants to some extent.
  • the first rotating blade 31 is vertically disposed on the rotating shaft 30, and the stirring blade 31 and the reaction passage adjusting block 27 are disposed on the same section perpendicular to the central axis of the reactor.
  • the reactor of the present invention further includes a rotating motor coupling 29 disposed at the end of the reactor housing to facilitate relative fixation of the reactor to the rotating electrical machine.
  • the phosgene solution first enters through the first feed port 22 and fills the first feed channel 35, and then is uniformly disposed through the first feed distributor 23.
  • the first feed injection port 33 enters the reactor housing.
  • an organic solution having an amine of the general formula (I) is introduced via a second feed channel 34 disposed inside the rotating shaft, flowing through the material passage 32 in the rotating hollow impeller material distributor 26, and through a plurality of The second feed injection port 25 sprays the polyamine solution into the phosgene solution stream to achieve rapid
  • the reaction liquid outlet 28 is passed through the reaction liquid outlet 28 to the next stage reactor, and the final isocyanate is obtained by raising the temperature.
  • the first feed distributor as shown in FIG. 6c, distributes a plurality of circular channels having a diameter of 20 ⁇ on the first feed distributor, and the exit velocity of the phosgene solution through the circular orifice of the first feed distributor 6m/s;
  • the opening manner of the second feed injection port on the hollow impeller material distributor is as shown in Fig. 5c, the opening diameter is 10mm, and the outlet speed of the amine solution through the second feed injection port is 16m/ s ;
  • the rotational speed of the rotating shaft is 1200 rpm.
  • the reactor was tested on an MDI apparatus with a test load of 220,000 tons of MDI/year, an amine solution feed of 24 t/h, and chlorobenzene as the reaction solvent.
  • the amine chlorobenzene solution had a mass concentration of 33%.
  • the amine chlorobenzene solution is injected into the interior of the reactor through a rotating hollow impeller material distributor, and reacts rapidly with the phosgene solution entering the reactor housing through the first material distributor, wherein the concentration of the phosgene solution 80%, the mass ratio of phosgene to amine is 1.7, and then the reaction mixture obtained at the outlet of the reactor is sequentially sent to four reactors connected in series for phosgenation high temperature reaction until the solution becomes clear.
  • Example 1 The temperature of the four reactors connected in series was 90, 105, 115 and 120 ° C, and the volume of each reactor was 40 m 3 . After the reaction, the product was subjected to a distillation to obtain a polymerized MD I product having a viscosity of 20 Ocp.
  • Example 1 The temperature of the four reactors connected in series was 90, 105, 115 and 120 ° C, and the volume of each reactor was 40 m 3 . After the reaction, the product was subjected to a distillation to obtain a polymerized MD I product having a viscosity of 20 Ocp.
  • Example 1 The temperature of the four reactors connected in series was 90, 105, 115 and 120 ° C, and the volume of each reactor was 40 m 3 . After the reaction, the product was subjected to a distillation to obtain a polymerized MD I product having a viscosity of 20 Ocp.
  • the production of MDI was tested using the rapid mixing reactor shown in FIG.
  • the first feed distributor is as shown in FIG. 6b, and an arc-shaped slit having a different inner diameter is distributed on the first feed distributor, and the radial width of the slit is 2 ⁇ ; the phosgene solution passes through the circle
  • the exit velocity of the arcuate slit is 10 m/s.
  • the opening of the second feed injection port on the hollow impeller material distributor is as shown in Fig. 5b, and the injection port is a rectangle of 3 mm x 8 mm; the amine solution passes through the second feed injection port.
  • the exit speed is 22m/s.
  • the rotational speed of the rotating shaft was 1400 rpm.
  • the reactor was tested on an MDI apparatus with a test load of 300,000 tons of MDI/year, an amine solution feed of 33 t/h, and chlorobenzene as a reaction solvent.
  • the mass concentration of the amine chlorobenzene solution was 33%.
  • the amine chlorobenzene solution is injected into the interior of the reactor housing through the second feed distribution, and reacts rapidly with the phosgene solution entering the reactor housing through the first material distributor, wherein the concentration of the phosgene solution is 75%.
  • the mass ratio of phosgene to amine is 1.8, and then the reaction mixture obtained at the outlet of the reactor is sequentially sent to four reactors connected in series for phosgenation and high temperature reaction until the solution becomes clear.
  • the temperature of the four reactors connected in series was 90, 105, 115 and 12 (TC, the volume of each reactor was 40 m 3 .
  • TC the volume of each reactor was 40 m 3 .
  • a polymerized MDI product was obtained with a viscosity of 200 cp, and the NC0 mass was analyzed. The content is 31.56%.
  • the mass concentration of the amine reaches 33%, and the mass ratio of phosgene to the amine is reduced to 1.7.
  • Currently widely used reactors (amine concentration 15%-22%, phosgene to amine mass ratio 4-2. 4), by reducing the amount of solvent and phosgene excess ratio, not only can improve reactor utilization, improve Capacity, while reducing the energy consumed by condensation and solvent removal of excess phosgene, reducing energy consumption per unit of mass by 40%.
  • the production test of polymethylene polyphenylpolyamine was carried out using the rapid mixing reactor shown in FIG.
  • the first feed distributor is as shown in FIG. 6b, and the arc-shaped slits having different inner diameters are evenly distributed on the first feed distributor, and the radial width of the slit is 6 ⁇ ; aniline hydrochloride and circulating liquid
  • the outlet velocity of the mixed liquid through the arcuate slit was 5 m/s.
  • the opening of the second feed injection port on the hollow impeller material distributor is as shown in Fig. 5b, and the injection port has a rectangular shape of 3 mm x 8 mm; the exit velocity of the formaldehyde solution through the second feed injection port is 20 m/s.
  • the rotational speed of the rotating shaft was 2400 rpm.
  • the reactor was tested on a polymethylene polyphenyl polyamine apparatus with a test load of 300,000 tons of polyamine/year, and a formaldehyde solution (mass fraction of 37%) with a feed amount of 16 t/h, formaldehyde solution.
  • the reaction mixture obtained at the outlet of the reactor is sent to a stirred tank for further precondensation reaction, the precondensation reaction temperature is 65 ° C, and after the steps of temperature increase, molecular rearrangement reaction, neutralization, water washing, and polyamine purification, A refined polymethylene polyphenyl polyamine product is obtained, wherein the content of the nitrogen methyl compound is 0.12%, which satisfies the product quality index.
  • the reaction temperature of the precondensation is raised from 40 ° C to 65 ° C when the pore jet reactor is used, the energy consumption is reduced by 35%, and the equipment blockage is cleaned from 1 month.

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Description

一种快速混合反应器及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种快速混合反应器, 更具体地说, 是一种在大规模生 产能力下实现流体间快速混合、 快速反应的动态反应器。 同时, 本发明 还提供了利用该反应器通过光气化法制备异氰酸酯的方法, 以及利用该 反应器通过苯胺和甲醛制备多亚甲基多苯基多胺的方法。 背景技术
在一些化工生产过程中, 在反应物料之间发生复杂的快速平行竟争 反应或者快速串连竟争反应时, 反应产物或中间产物与原料某组分可能 直接的关系。 所以, 物料之间的初始混合效果会极大地影响最终的产物 分布、 目的产品的收率和质量, 并同时影响全生产过程的设计和能耗等 指标。
例如, 采用光气化方法生产异氰酸酯(MDI或者 TDI ) 时, 该反应过 程主要包括冷光气化阶段和热光气化阶段。 在冷光气化阶段, 将液态的 多胺和液态的光气分别溶解在惰性溶剂中, 例如氯苯、 二氯苯、 甲苯、 氯化萘、 1, 2, 4 -三氯苯等, 并使它们在 0~9(TC的低温下进行反应。 在 此阶段, 主要生成酰胺和多胺的盐酸盐, 以及少量的脲类化合物。 主要 反应如下:
RNH2 + C0C12 → RNHC0C1 +HC1 (1)
RNH2 + HC1 →RNH2. HC1 (2)
RNH2 + RNHC0C1 →RNC0+ RNH2 - HC1 (3)
RNH2 + RNCO →RNHC0NHR (4) 在冷光气化反应阶段, 多胺首先与光气发生反应 (1), 生成氨基甲 酰氯, 这是一个快速放热反应, 反应在瞬间完成; 同时, 反应 (1 )产生 的 HC1 与多胺发生快速反应 (2 ), 生成多胺盐酸盐。 氨基甲酰氯和多胺 盐酸盐都是不溶于反应体系的固体物质。 当光气与多胺局部混合效果较 差时,溶液中局部过量的多胺将与氨基甲酰氯或者异氰酸酯发生反应 ( 3 ) 和(4 ), 生成副产物脲, 脲为不溶解于反应体系的粘稠状物质。 该过程 为复杂的多步串联竟争反应。 主反应为瞬间反应, 其反应的时间尺度在 毫秒级或者以下; 生成的产物进一步与原料发生快速反应, 生成不溶解 于体系的副产物。 因此, 两种原料的初始混合效果将直接影响主产物的 收率和选择性。 成功地设计快速液体混合反应器, 提高两股原料物流的 初始混合效果, 对于增加主产物的收率和选择性, 减小副产粘稠状物质 的生成具有重要的意义。
又例如, 当采用苯胺和甲醛生产多亚甲基多苯基多胺时, 该反应过 程主要包括成盐反应阶段、 预缩合反应阶段、 转位反应阶段。 在预缩合 反应阶段,将苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液与甲醛快速混合在 20-90°C发 生预缩合反应, 甲醛的微观浓度越均匀越好, 局部的甲醛过量将生成大 分子产物, 致使杂质增多, 如果甲醛局部过量较大, 将生成网状高分子 化合物, 该化合物不溶于溶剂, 很容易堵塞设备, 影响正常的生产操作。 因此, 两种物料的初始混合效果将直接影响主产物的收率和选择性。 成 功地设计快速液体混合反应器, 提高两股原料物流的初始混合效果, 对 于增加主产物的收率和选择性, 减小杂质的生成具有重要的意义。
错流混合是实现流体间快速混合的一种重要方法, 其中一种方式为 一股流体通过若干个小孔错流射入另外一股流体中, 由于流体通过小孔 后被分成了很多股细小流股喷射进入主体流, 在射入后每一股流体迅速 被主体流股包围, 从而实现两股流体之间的快速混合。
美国专利 US 5, 117, 048中披露了一种孔射流喷射反应器 (如图 1 ), 该反应器是将一股流体(多胺)通过缩径处均勾分布的小孔呈错流式喷 射进入主流体(光气), 实现两股流体的快速混合。 该反应器主要通过缩 径设计来增强两股物料的湍动程度, 从而强化物料之间的初始混合效果。 该喷射反应器可减少用于稀释反应物的溶剂的用量。
美国专利 US5, 931, 579中披露了一种通过转子和定子相互咬合实现 混合的反应器(如图 2 ), 该反应器是将两股流体加入到转子和定子之间, 通过转子的旋转实现两股物料的混合。 由于转子的搅动作用, 湍流程度 增加, 从而实现两股流体的快速混合, 进一步降低反应物的溶剂用量。 通过以上的分析可以看出, 将两股物料在第一时间进行均匀混合非 常重要。 通过一股流体快速喷射进入另一流体的孔射流反应器或将两流 股加入到转子搅拌区域的搅拌式反应器, 在一定程度上都可以实现物料 之间的快速混合。 由于流股都有厚度, 要想实现充分的混合都需要一定 的空间和湍动区域。 当流股的流量都比较低的时候, 两股物流混合起来 还相对比较容易, 但是当生产能力较大时, 由于流道的变大, 两股物料 就不能在较短的时间内混合均匀, 势必需要一段混合距离, 这样发生副 反应的机会大大增加。 由于以上两种混合器的生产能力存在最大极限, 而且高负荷下的反应效果变差, 因此需要开发更为有效的快速混合设备, 以实现大规模生产能力下物料之间的快速混合、 快速反应。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的快速混合反应器, 以实现较大生 产能力下两股物料之间的瞬间快速混合, 强化主反应、 抑制副反应, 提 高目的产物的收率和质量。
本发明所提供的反应器基于以下设计构思: 使第一股流体通过流道 加入, 而第二股流体通过旋转的叶轮加入口均匀的喷射到第一股流体中。 由于第二股流体是通过旋转的叶轮加入到第一股流体中的, 因此, 两股 物料在第一时间就是均勾分布的, 不需要进一步的混合空间。 另外, 旋 转的进料口也起到了搅拌的作用, 从而实现了两股物料无需混合空间就 可快速混合的目的。 同时, 由于一股物料是动态加入的, 其物料加入口 可相对于另一流股均勾布置, 因此不会受到流道空间的限制, 无任何放 大效应, 可以保证在大规模的生产能力下实现流体之间的快速混合、 快 速反应。
本发明所提供的快速混合反应器的基本结构如下:
一种快速混合反应器, 包括以下构件: 第一进料通道壳体、 反应器壳 体、 第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器、 转动轴、 第一进料分布器; 其 中, 所述第一进料通道壳体和反应器壳体同轴设置, 且通过设置于第一进 料通道壳体末端的第一进料分布器与反应器壳体内的反应空间相连通; 所 述第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器和转动轴沿所述反应器的中心轴线 设置, 所述空心叶轮物料分布器位于反应器壳体内, 并可在转动轴的带动 下在反应器壳体内转动, 所述第二进料通道与空心叶轮物料分布器内的物 料通道相连通; 所述第一进料通道壳体上设有至少一个第一进料口; 所述 反应器壳体的末端设有至少一个反应液出口; 第一进料分布器上和空心叶 轮物料分布器上分别设有第一进料喷射口和第二进料喷射口。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 优选地, 所述第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器和转动轴沿该快速混合反应器的中心轴线依次固定连 接。 进一步优选地, 在空心叶轮物料分布器与第二进料通道的连接处设置 能够彼此贴合的动密封环和静密封环, 所述动密封环设置在空心叶轮物料 分布器上, 而所述静密封环设置在第二进料通道的末端, 所述静密封环的 一侧与空心叶轮物料分布器上的动密封环贴合, 其另一侧由内而外地分别 通过膨胀节和弹箦固定在第一进料分布器上。 通过这种设计, 使得在空心 叶轮物料分布器转动时动密封环和静密封环能够紧密贴合。
根据本发明的另一种优选的实施方式, 所述第二进料通道设置于转动 轴内部, 并与所述空心叶轮物料分布器固定连接并相连通, 从而使所述空 心叶轮物料分布器在转动轴的带动下在反应器壳体内转动。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 优选地, 所述第二进料喷射口 设置于空心叶轮物料分布器的侧面, 或设置于空心叶轮物料分布器的最外 缘, 或设置于从空心叶轮物料分布器上引出的垂直于叶轮盘的通道上。 本 发明对于空心叶轮物料分布器上的所述第二进料喷射口的形状、 大小和数 量并无特殊要求,只要能够满足工艺要求即可,例如,所述喷射口的形状(指 喷射口的内部通道的横截面的形状)可选自: 圆形、 三角形、 菱形、 梯形、 多边形、 椭圆形、 正方形、 长方形等中的任意一种或多种, 优选圆形或长 方形。 所述喷射口的具体尺寸和数量可由本领域技术人员根据具体工艺要 求通过常规的工艺计算得到。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 所述第一进料分布器上设置有 第一进料喷射口, 优选地, 所述第一进料喷射口可以为环隙状或均勾分布 的多个开孔。 当所述第一进料喷射口为环隙状时, 优选地, 所述环隙状的 第一进料喷射口为与第一进料分布器同圆心设置的多个内径相同和 /或不 同的圆弧状缝隙; 其中, 多个内径相同的圓弧状缝隙彼此间隔, 它们所在 的圆与第一进料分布器同圓心。 同理, 内径不同的圆弧状缝隙所形成的不 同内径的圆亦优选与第一进料分布器同圆心设置。 当所述第一进料喷射口 为均勾分布的多个开孔时, 优选地, 所述开孔的形状可选自圆形、 三角形、 菱形、 梯形、 多边形、 椭圓形、 正方形和长方形中的任意一种或多种, 优 选为圆形。 本发明对于所述第一进料喷射口的具体尺寸和数量没有特殊要 求, 本领域技术人员可根据具体工艺要求, 通过常规的工艺计算确定。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 优选地, 在所述空心叶轮物料 分布器下游的反应器壳体内壁上设置有环状的向内凸出的反应通道调整 块, 用以在一定程度上缩小反应物的流动通道。 通过设定反应通道调整块 和转动轴之间的距离,可以使反应液的流速处于 1 0m/s-500m/s之间,优选 30m/ s-300m/ s。 所述反应通道调整块可单独加工成型后固定于反应器壳体 内壁上, 也可以与反应器壳体一体加工成型。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 优选地, 所述转动轴上垂直设 置至少一级搅拌桨叶, 且所述搅拌桨叶包括至少 2片搅拌叶片, 以增强空 心叶轮物料分布器下游反应物流的瞬间快速混合; 进一步优选地, 转动轴 上垂直设置一至三级搅拌桨叶,且每级搅拌桨叶包括 2片 - 20片搅拌叶片; 更进一步优选地, 转动轴上垂直设置一级搅拌桨叶, 且所述搅拌桨叶和所 述反应通道调整块设置在垂直于反应器中心轴线的同一截面上。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 进一步优选地, 本发明所述反 应器还包括设置在反应器末端的转动电机连接件, 以方便所述反应器与转 动电机相对固定。
在本发明所提供的快速混合反应器中, 对于反应器的材质没有特殊 要求, 任何本领域常用的材质均可使用, 包括但不限于钢材、 玻璃、 陶 瓷、 合金、 碳化硅或搪瓷钢等。 本发明还提供一种采用上述的快速混合反应器由具有通式(I)的胺 制备如通式(I I)所示的脂肪族、 脂环族或芳香族异氰酸酯的方法, R ( NH2 ) n (I)
R ( NC0) n (Π)
其中, R为脂肪族、 脂环族或芳香族烃基, 11=1或1 > 2 , 所述方法包 括以下步骤:
(a)光气溶液通过第一进料口进入所述快速混合反应器的第一进料 通道中, 然后经过第一进料分布器进入反应器壳体内;
(b)具有通式(I)的胺的有机溶液由第二进料通道引入, 经旋转的空 心叶轮物料分布器进入反应器壳体内;
(c)经步骤(a)引入的光气溶液与经步骤(b)引入的胺溶液在反应器 壳体内快速混合并反应, 所生成的反应液经反应液出口排出。
在本发明所提供的制备异氰酸酯的方法中, 所述光气溶液为纯光气 或光气溶解在惰性有机溶剂中所形成的浓度为 30-100wt%的光气溶液;胺 的有机溶液为将通式(I)所示的胺溶解在惰性有机溶剂中所形成的浓度 为 10- 60wt%、 优选浓度为 20- 50wt%的胺溶液。
在本发明所提供的制备异氰酸酯的方法中, 通式(I)和(I I)中的 R为 C2-C5Q烃基、 脂环族 C2-C50烃基或芳香族 C6-C50烃基, 优选为 C4-C30 烃基、脂环族 C4-C30烃基或芳香族 C6-C30烃基,更优选为 C5-C18烃基、 脂环族 C5-C18 烃基或芳香族 C6-C20 烃基; 所述通式(I)和(Π)中的 n=2- 4。
在本发明所提供的制备异氰酸酯的方法中, 通式(I)所示的胺可选自 以下化合物中的任意一种: 甲苯二胺、 4, 4' -二氨基二苯基甲烷、 多亚 甲基多苯基多胺、 异佛尔酮二胺、 己二胺、 环己二胺、 萘二胺、 对苯二 胺、苯二亚甲基二胺、环己烷二亚甲基二胺、三甲基 -1, 6-六亚甲基二胺、 四甲基间苯二亚甲基二胺、 二甲基联苯二胺和甲基环己基二胺, 优选为 甲苯二胺。
在本发明所提供的制备异氰酸酯的方法中, 溶解光气和胺的惰性有 机溶剂可以相同, 也可以不同, 所述惰性有机溶剂分别选自: 苯、 甲苯、 氯苯、 邻二氯苯、 对二氯苯、 一氯联苯、 对苯二曱酸二烷基酯或邻苯二 甲酸二乙酯中的一种或多种。 此外, 本发明还提供了一种采用上述的快速混合反应器由苯胺制备 多亚甲基多苯基多胺(简称多胺) 的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液通过第一进料口进入所述快速混 合反应器的第一进料通道中, 然后经过第一进料分布器进入反应器壳体 内;
(b)甲醛溶液由第二进料通道引入, 经旋转的空心叶轮物料分布器进 入反应器壳体内;
(c)苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液与甲醛溶液在反应器壳体内进行 快速混合并发生预缩合反应, 然后进入搅拌釜继续进行预缩合反应得到 缩合液, 再经升温、 分子重排反应、 中和、 水洗以及多胺精制等步骤后, 得到精制的多胺。 与现有技术相比, 本发明所提供的快速混合反应器以及采用该反应 器制备异氰酸酯的方法具有以下有益效果:
( 1 )一股原料通过旋转的分布通道均匀的分布到另一流股中, 实现 两流股的快速混合;
( 2 )反应器在理论上可以无限放大, 可实现大规模生产能力下两股 流体之间的快速瞬间混合, 克服了传统的反应器在放大过程中因流道空 间变大而造成的混合距离和混合时间均相应延长的缺点;
( 3 ) 混合流股在混合反应区内运动的过程中返混程度最小, 接近于 理想的 "平推流" 反应器;
( 4 )采用本发明所提供的反应器, 由于混合快速、 均匀, 最大程度 地降低了副反应, 在光气化制备异氰酸酯的过程中降低了溶剂的用量和 反应物进料中光气的过量比, 提高了装置的产能, 改善产品质量并降低 能耗。 当本发明所提供的反应器用于由苯胺和甲醛制备多亚甲基多苯基 多胺时, 可提升预缩合反应温度, 改善产品质量, 使装置长周期稳定运 行。 附图说明
图 1是 US 5 , 117 , 048披露的孔射流式喷射反应器的结构示意图; 图 1是 US 5 , 931 , 579披露的反应器的结构示意图;
图 3是本发明所提供反应器的一种优选实施方式的结构示意图; 图 4是本发明所提供反应器的另一种优选实施方式的结构示意图; 图 5a-图 5c是本发明中所述空心叶轮物料分布器上进料喷射口的设 置方式示意图;
图 6a-图 6c是本发明中所述第一进料分布器上进料喷射口设置方式 示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步详细说明本发明所提供的快速混合反应器以及 釆用该反应器制备异氰酸酯的方法, 但本发明并不因此而受到任何限制。
如图 3 所示, 本发明所提供的快速混合反应器主要包括以下构件: 第一进料通道壳体 1、反应器壳体 4、 第二进料通道 17、 空心叶轮物料分 布器 6、 转动轴 1 0、 第一进料分布器 3。 所述第一进料通道壳体和反应器 壳体同轴设置, 且通过设置于第一进料通道壳体末端的第一进料分布器 与反应器壳体内的反应空间相连通。 所述第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料 分布器和转动轴沿该快速混合反应器的中心轴线依次固定连接。 所述空 心叶轮物料分布器设置于反应器壳体内, 并可在转动轴的带动下在反应 器壳体内轴向转动。 所述第二进料通道与空心叶轮物料分布器内的物料 通道 12相连通。 所述第一进料通道壳体上设有至少一个第一进料口 2, 所述第一进料通道壳体 1与第一进料分布器 3所围成的空间为第一进料 通道 18。 所述反应器壳体的末端设有至少一个反应液出口 8。 第一进料 分布器 3上均匀设置多个第一进料喷射口 1 3, 空心叶轮物料分布器 6上 设有多个垂直于叶轮盘的通道, 且所述垂直于叶轮盘的通道上设有多个 第二进料喷射口 5。 图 5c是垂直于叶轮盘的通道的局部放大图, 其喷射 口的开孔方式与图 3 所示略有不同。 此外, 本发明中所述的空心叶轮物 料分布器还可以按照图 5 a、 图 5b或其它可行的方式设置第二进料喷射 口。
如图 3所示, 在空心叶轮物料分布器 6与第二进料通道 1 7的连接处 设置能够彼此贴合的动密封环 14和静密封环 19。 所述动密封环 14设置 在空心叶轮物料分布器上, 而所述静密封环 19设置在第二进料通道的末 端, 所述静密封环 1 9的一侧与空心叶轮物料分布器上的动密封环 14贴 合, 其另一侧由内而外地分别通过膨胀节 16和弹簧 1 5 固定在第一进料 分布器 3上。 通过这种设计, 在转动轴转动的过程中, 空心叶轮物料分 布器上的动密封环 1 4和第二物料进料管上的静密封环 1 9在弹簧的作用 下紧密贴合, 避免第二物料泄漏到反应器壳体内部。
此外, 如图 3所示, 在所述空心叶轮物料分布器下游的反应器壳体 内壁上设置有环状的向内凸出的反应通道调整块 7 ,用以在一定程度上缩 小反应物的流动通道。 所述转动轴 1 0上垂直设置有一级搅拌桨叶 11 , 且 所述搅拌桨叶 1 1和所述反应通道调整块 7设置在垂直于反应器中心轴线 的同一截面上。 进一步优选地, 本发明所述反应器还包括设置在反应器 壳体末端的转动电机连接件 9 , 以方便所述反应器与转动电机相对固定。
如图 6a-图 6 c所示, 所述第一进料分布器上设置的第一进料喷射口 可为环隙状或均匀分布的多个开孔, 只要能够保证第一进料均匀地通过 所述喷射口进入下游反应区即可。
当采用图 3 所示的反应器制备异氰酸酯时, 光气溶液首先通过第一 进料口 1进入并充满第一进料通道 1 8 , 然后经过第一进料分布器 3上均 匀设置多个第一进料喷射口 1 3进入反应器壳体内。 与此同时, 具有通式 (I)的胺的有机溶液由第二进料通道 Π 引入, 流经旋转的空心叶轮物料 分布器 16内的物料通道 12,并通过多个第二进料喷射口 5将多胺溶液均 匀地喷射到光气溶液流股中, 实现快速混合、 快速反应。 混合好的物料 在进料压力的作用下继续向下游运动, 通过垂直于转动轴的搅拌桨叶 1 1 的搅动后经反应液出口 8进入下一级反应器, 通过升温得到最终的异氰 酸酯。
图 4是本发明所提供反应器的另一种优选实施方式的结构示意图, 从该图中可以看出, 该反应器主要包括以下构件: 第一进料通道壳体 21、 反应器壳体 24、 第二进料通道 34、 空心叶轮物料分布器 26、 转动轴 30、 第一进料分布器 23。 所述第一进料通道壳体 21和反应器壳体 24同轴设 置, 且通过设置于第一进料通道壳体末端的第一进料分布器 23与反应器 壳体内的反应空间相连通。 所述第二进料通道 34设置于转动轴 30内部, 且所述第二进料通道 34、 转动轴 30和空心叶轮物料分布器 26与该快速 混合反应器同轴设置, 所述空心叶轮物料分布器 26与转动轴 30的一端 固定连接, 从而使所述空心叶轮物料分布器 26在转动轴 30的带动下在 反应器壳体内轴向转动。 所述第二进料通道与空心叶轮物料分布器内的 物料通道 32相连通。 所述第一进料通道壳体上设有至少一个第一进料口 22 , 所述第一进料通道壳体 21与第一进料分布器 23所围成的空间为第 一进料通道 35。 所述反应器壳体的末端设有至少一个反应液出口 28。 第 一进料分布器 23上均勾设置多个第一进料喷射口 33,空心叶轮物料分布 器 26上设有多个垂直于叶轮盘的通道, 且所述垂直于叶轮盘的通道上设 有多个第二进料喷射口 25。 此外, 本发明中所述的空心叶轮物料分布器 还可以按照图 5a、 图 5b、 图 5c或其它可行的方式设置第二进料喷射口。
此外, 如图 4所示, 在所述空心叶轮物料分布器 26下游的反应器壳 体内壁上设置有环状的向内凸出的反应通道调整块 27, 用以在一定程度 上缩小反应物的流动通道。 所述转动轴 30 上垂直设置有一级搅拌桨叶 31 , 且所述搅拌桨叶 31和所述反应通道调整块 27设置在垂直于反应器 中心轴线的同一截面上。 进一步优选地, 本发明所述反应器还包括设置 在反应器壳体末端的转动电机连接件 29 , 以方便所述反应器与转动电机 相对固定。
同样地, 当采用图 4 所示的反应器制备异氰酸酯时, 光气溶液首先 通过第一进料口 22进入并充满第一进料通道 35,然后经过第一进料分布 器 23上均匀设置多个第一进料喷射口 33进入反应器壳体内。 与此同时, 具有通式( I )的胺的有机溶液经由设置于转动轴内部的第二进料通道 34 引入, 流经旋转的空心叶轮物料分布器 26内的物料通道 32, 并通过多个 第二进料喷射口 25将多胺溶液均勾地喷射到光气溶液流股中, 实现快速 通过垂直于转动轴的搅拌桨叶 31的搅动后经反应液出口 28进入下一级 反应器, 通过升温得到最终的异氰酸酯。 下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明所提供的快速混合反应器及其应 用, 但本发明并不因此而受到任何限制。 实施例 1
采用图 3所示的快速混合反应器进行 MDI的生产试猃。 其中, 第一 进料分布器如图 6c所示,在第一进料分布器上平均分布若干直径为 20匪 的圆形孔道,光气溶液通过第一进料分布器圆形孔道的出口速度为 6m/s ; 空心叶轮物料分布器上的第二进料喷射口的开孔方式如图 5c所示, 其开 孔直径为 10mm, 胺溶液通过第二进料喷射口的出口速度为 16m/s ; 转动 轴的转速为 1200rpm。采用该反应器在 MDI装置上进行测试, 测试负荷为 22万吨 MDI /年, 胺溶液进料量为 24 t/h,采用氯苯作为反应溶剂, 胺的氯 苯溶液的质量浓度为 33%,胺的氯苯溶液通过旋转的空心叶轮物料分布器 喷射进入反应器壳体内部, 与通过第一物料分布器进入到反应器壳体的 光气溶液发生快速反应, 其中, 光气溶液的浓度为 80%,光气与胺的质量 比为 1. 7,然后将反应器出口处得到的反应混合物依次输送至四个串连的 反应釜中进行光气化高温反应直至溶液变清。 四个串连的反应釜的温度 分布为 90、 105、 115和 120 °C, 每个反应釜的体积为 40m3。 反应产物经 蒸馏后,得到聚合 MD I产品,粘度为 20 Ocp,分析其 NC0质量含量为 31. 62%。 实施例 1
采用图 3所示的快速混合反应器进行 MDI的生产试猃。 其中, 第一 进料分布器如图 6b所示, 在第一进料分布器上均勾分布具有不同内径的 圆弧状缝隙, 缝隙的径向宽度为 2匪; 光气溶液通过所述圆弧状缝隙的出 口速度为 10m/s。空心叶轮物料分布器上的第二进料喷射口的开孔方式如 图 5b所示, 其喷射口为 3mm x 8mm的矩形; 胺溶液通过第二进料喷射口 的出口速度为 22m/s。 转动轴的转速为 1400rpm。 采用该反应器在 MDI装 置上进行测试, 测试负荷为 30万吨 MDI /年, 胺溶液进料量为 33t/h,采 用氯苯作为反应溶剂, 胺的氯苯溶液的质量浓度为 33%, 胺的氯苯溶液通 过第二进料分布喷射进入反应器壳体内部, 与通过第一物料分布器进入 到反应器壳体的光气溶液发生快速反应, 其中, 光气溶液的浓度为 75%, 光气与胺的质量比为 1. 8,然后将反应器出口处得到的反应混合物依次输 送至四个串连的反应釜中进行光气化高温反应直至溶液变清。 四个串连 的反应釜的温度分布为 90、 105、 115和 12 (TC,每个反应釜的体积为 40m3。 反应产物经蒸馏后, 得到聚合 MDI产品, 粘度为 200cp, 分析其 NC0质量 含量为 31. 56%。 通过上述实施例可以看出, 使用本发明所提供的快速混合反应器, 胺 的质量浓度达到 33%, 光气和胺的质量比降低至 1. 7, 远优于当前广泛使 用的反应器(胺浓度 15%-22%, 光气与胺的质量比 4-2. 4 ), 通过降低溶剂 的用量和光气的过量比, 不仅能提高反应器的利用率, 提高产能, 同时减 少了过量光气的冷凝和溶剂脱除所消耗的能量,使单位质量产品的能量消 耗降低 40%。 实施例 3
采用图 4 所示的快速混合反应器进行多亚甲基多苯基多胺的生产试 验。 其中, 第一进料分布器如图 6b所示, 在第一进料分布器上均匀分布 具有不同内径的圆弧状缝隙, 缝隙的径向宽度为 6匪; 苯胺盐酸盐和循环 液的混合液通过所述圆弧状缝隙的出口速度为 5m/ s。 空心叶轮物料分布 器上的第二进料喷射口的开孔方式如图 5b 所示, 其喷射口为 3mm x 8mm 的矩形; 甲醛溶液通过第二进料喷射口的出口速度为 20m/ s。 转动轴的转 速为 2400rpm。 采用该反应器在多亚甲基多苯基多胺的装置上进行测试, 测试负荷为 30万吨多胺 /年, 甲醛溶液(质量分数 37% )进料量为 16 t/h, 甲醛溶液通过第二进料分布器喷射进入反应器壳体内部, 与通过第一物 料分布器进入到反应器壳体的苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液发生快速反 应, 其中, 盐酸(质量分数 32%) 与新鲜苯胺的摩尔比为 0.36, 甲醛与 新鲜苯胺的摩尔比为 Q.52, 苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液的总流量为 220m7h,然后将反应器出口处得到的反应混合物送到搅拌釜中进行进一 步的预缩合反应, 预缩合反应温度为 65 °C, 再经升温、 分子重排反应、 中和、 水洗以及多胺精制等步骤后, 得到精制的多亚甲基多苯基多胺产 品, 其中氮甲基化合物的含量为 0.12%, 满足产品质量指标。
使用本发明所提供的快速混合反应器后, 预缩合的反应温度从采用 孔射流反应器时的 40°C提升到 65°C, 能量消耗降低了 35%, 设备堵塞情 况从 1 个月需清理一次改善到设备无堵塞现象发生, 装置运转率得到很 大提升。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种快速混合反应器, 包括以下构件: 第一进料通道壳体、反应器 壳体、 第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器、 转动轴、 第一进料分布器; 其中, 所述第一进料通道壳体和反应器壳体同轴设置, 且通过设置于第一 进料通道壳体末端的第一进料分布器与反应器壳体内的反应空间相连通; 所述第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器和转动轴沿所述反应器的中心轴 线设置, 所述空心叶轮物料分布器位于反应器壳体内, 并可在转动轴的带 动下在反应器壳体内转动, 所述第二进料通道与空心叶轮物料分布器内的 物料通道相连通; 所述第一进料通道壳体上设有至少一个第一进料口; 所 述反应器壳体的末端设有至少一个反应液出口; 第一进料分布器上和空心 叶轮物料分布器上分别设有第一进料喷射口和第二进料喷射口。
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的反应器, 其特征在于, 所述第二进料通道、 空心叶轮物料分布器和转动轴沿所述反应器的中心轴线依次固定连接。
3. 按照权利要求 2所述的反应器, 其特征在于,在所述空心叶轮物料 分布器与所述第二进料通道的连接处设置能够彼此贴合的动密封环和静密 封环; 所述动密封环设置在空心叶轮物料分布器上, 而所述静密封环设置 在第二进料通道的末端, 所述静密封环的一侧与空心叶轮物料分布器上的 动密封环贴合, 其另一侧由内而外地分别通过膨胀节和弹簧固定在第一进 料分布器上。
4. 按照权利要求 1所述的反应器, 其特征在于, 所述第二进料通道设 置于转动轴内部,并与所述空心叶轮物料分布器固定连接并相连通。
5. 按照权利要求 1 - 4中任意一项所述的反应器, 其特征在于, 所述 第二进料喷射口设置于空心叶轮物料分布器的侧面, 或设置于空心叶轮物 料分布器的最外缘, 或设置于从空心叶轮物料分布器上引出的垂直于叶轮 盘的通道上。
6. 按照权利要求 5所述的反应器, 其特征在于, 所述空心叶轮物料分 布器上的第二进料喷射口的形状选自: 圆形、 三角形、 菱形、 梯形、 多边 形、 椭圆形、 正方形、 长方形中的任意一种或多种; 优选圆形或长方形。
7. 按照权利要求 1或 6所述的反应器,其特征在于, 所述第一进料喷 射口为环隙状或均勾分布的多个开孔;当所述第一进料喷射口为环隙状时, 所述环隙状的第一进料喷射口为与第一进料分布器同圆心设置的多个内径 相同和 /或不同的圆弧状缝隙,且所述圆弧状缝隙彼此间隔设置; 当所述第 一进料喷射口为均勾分布的多个开孔时, 所述开孔的形状选自: 圆形、 三 角形、 菱形、 梯形、 多边形、 椭圆形、 正方形和长方形中的任意一种或多 种, 优选为圆形。
8. 按照权利要求 7所述的反应器,其特征在于,在所述空心叶轮物料 分布器下游的反应器壳体内壁上设置有环状的向内凸出的反应通道调整 块。
9. 按照权利要求 1或 8所述的反应器,其特征在于, 所述转动轴上垂 直设置至少一级搅拌桨叶, 且所述搅拌桨叶包括至少 1片搅拌叶片。
10. 按照权利要求 9所述的反应器, 其特征在于, 所述转动轴上垂直 设置一级搅拌桨叶, 且所述搅拌桨叶和所述反应通道调整块设置在垂直于 反应器中心轴线的同一截面上。
11. 按照权利要求 1 Q所述的反应器,其特征在于, 所述反应器还包括 设置在反应器壳体末端的转动电机连接件。
12.一种采用权利要求 1-11中任一项所述的反应器由具有通式(I)的 胺制备如通式(Π)所示的脂肪族、 脂环族或芳香族异氰酸酯的方法,
R ( NH2 ) n (I)
R ( NC0) n (I I)
其中, R为脂肪族、 脂环族或芳香族烃基, 11=1或1 > 2 , 所述方法包 括以下步骤:
(a)光气溶液通过第一进料口进入所述快速混合反应器的第一进料 通道中, 然后经过第一进料分布器进入反应器壳体内;
(b)具有通式(I)的胺的有机溶液由第二进料通道引入, 经旋转的空 心叶轮物料分布器进入反应器壳体内;
(c)经步骤(a)引入的光气溶液与经步骤(b)引入的胺溶液在反应器 壳体内快速混合并反应, 所生成的反应液经反应液出口排出。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述光气溶液为纯 光气或光气溶解在惰性有机溶剂中所形成的浓度为 30-10(^«的光气溶 液。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述胺的有机溶液 为将通式(I)所示的胺溶解在惰性有机溶剂中所形成的浓度为 10_60wt°/。、 优选浓度为 20-50wt°/»的胺溶液。
15、根据权利要求 12所述的方法,其特征在于, 所述通式(I)和(Π) 中的 R为 C2-C50烃基、 脂环族 C2-C50烃基或芳香族 C6-C50烃基, 优选 为 C4-C30烃基、 脂环族 C4-C30烃基或芳香族 C6-C30烃基, 更优选为 C5-C18烃基、 脂环族 C5-C18烃基或芳香族 C6-C20烃基; 所述通式(I) 和(I I)中的 n=2-4。
16、 根据权利要求 12 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 通式(I)所示的胺 选自以下化合物中的任意一种: 甲苯二胺、 4, 4' -二氨基二苯基甲烷、 多亚曱基多苯基多胺、 异佛尔酮二胺、 己二胺、 环己二胺、 萘二胺、 对 苯二胺、 苯二亚甲基二胺、 环己烷二亚甲基二胺、 三甲基 _1, 6-六亚甲基 二胺、 四甲基间苯二亚甲基二胺、 二甲基联苯二胺或甲基环己基二胺, 优选为曱苯二胺。
17、 根据权利要求 12-16 中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 溶解光气和胺的惰性有机溶剂相同或不同, 所述惰性有机溶剂选自: 苯、 甲苯、 氯苯、 邻二氯苯、 对二氯苯、 一氯联苯、 对苯二甲酸二烷基酯或 邻苯二甲酸二乙酯中的一种或多种。
18、 一种采用权利要求 1-11中任一项所述的反应器由苯胺制备多亚 甲基多苯基多胺的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液通过第一进料口进入所述快速混 合反应器的第一进料通道中, 然后经过第一进料分布器进入反应器壳体 内;
(b)甲醛溶液由第二进料通道引入, 经旋转的空心叶轮物料分布器进 入反应器壳体内;
(c)苯胺盐酸盐和循环液的混合液与甲醛溶液在反应器壳体内进行 快速混合并发生预缩合反应, 然后进入搅拌釜继续进行预缩合反应得到 缩合液, 再经升温、 分子重排反应、 中和、 水洗以及精制后, 得到多亚 甲基多苯基多胺。
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