WO2012053395A1 - 非水電解液 - Google Patents
非水電解液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012053395A1 WO2012053395A1 PCT/JP2011/073347 JP2011073347W WO2012053395A1 WO 2012053395 A1 WO2012053395 A1 WO 2012053395A1 JP 2011073347 W JP2011073347 W JP 2011073347W WO 2012053395 A1 WO2012053395 A1 WO 2012053395A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluorine
- carbonate
- compound
- general formula
- electrolytic solution
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- -1 III Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 34
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetralithium oxalate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O RBYFNZOIUUXJQD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 84
- OASNJLPQPGYNEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F OASNJLPQPGYNEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 27
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 22
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 14
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 14
- ICECLJDLAVVEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCC(F)(F)F ICECLJDLAVVEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UOKCDLFBYRNKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OCC(F)(F)C(F)F UOKCDLFBYRNKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- CZCZRQRPLMGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)OCC(F)(F)F CZCZRQRPLMGCAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/022—Electrolytes; Absorbents
- H01G9/035—Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- non-aqueous electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as lithium ion secondary batteries
- electrolytes such as LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 dissolved in non-aqueous solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate.
- non-aqueous solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate.
- an electrolyte salt containing fluorine as described above when used, a small amount of water contained in a non-aqueous solvent or an electrochemical device member such as each electrode or separator reacts with a solute containing fluorine. Hydrofluoric acid may be generated. When hydrofluoric acid is generated, it attacks the solvent in the electrolyte to generate gas. For example, in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, the battery swells or the gas accumulates between the electrodes and the lithium ions move. Or hinder battery performance.
- Patent Document 1 in order to obtain an electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery having excellent initial battery capacity and cycle characteristics, a benzenesulfonate ester having at least one fluorine atom and a sulfonate ester structure is used as a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 At least one carbon-carbon bond unsaturation is included in the molecular structure for the purpose of providing an electrolytic solution in which the battery is not easily swollen by the decomposition gas of the electrolytic solution and has excellent charge / discharge performance.
- a compound composed of carbon, fluorine and hydrogen having a linking group wherein an unsaturated hydrocarbon having 6 to 16 carbon atoms in which at least one of hydrogen bonded to carbon is substituted with fluorine is disclosed. Has been.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are known to form a film by reductive decomposition on the negative electrode, but are decomposed on the positive electrode side due to low oxidation resistance and generate gas. Have the potential to do.
- the present invention has high oxidation resistance, and even when hydrofluoric acid is generated, the decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte is suppressed, and when used in a secondary battery, the non-aqueous battery is less likely to swell or deteriorate in battery performance.
- An object is to provide an electrolytic solution.
- the present invention is characterized by comprising (I) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated chain sulfone and fluorinated chain sulfonate, and (II) an electrolyte salt. It is a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention has the above-described configuration, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is hardly decomposed. Therefore, when the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is used for a secondary battery, the battery is not easily swollen and the battery performance is not lowered, and can be used for a long time.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains (I) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated chain sulfone and fluorinated chain sulfonate, and (II) an electrolyte salt. It is characterized by.
- Electrolyte salt (II) can be appropriately selected according to the use of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention, and the amount of use can be appropriately set. From the viewpoint that it will be remarkably exhibited, an electrolyte salt containing fluorine as described later is preferable.
- examples of usable electrolyte salt (II) include inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 ; LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5) 2, LiBF 2 (CF 3 SO 2) 2, LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5 SO 2) 2, lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate, lithium Scan (oxalato) borate, lithium Scan (oxalato) borate, lithium
- LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2) are able to suppress deterioration after the non-aqueous electrolyte is stored at a high temperature.
- LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium bis (oxalate) borate, and the formula: LiPF a (C n F 2n + 1 ) 6-a where a is 0 It is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of salts represented by the following formula: n is an integer of ⁇ 5, and n is an integer of 1 to 6.
- LiPF a (C n F 2n + 1 ) 6-a examples include LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 LiPF 3 (C 4 F 9 ) 3 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 4 F 9 ) 2
- the alkyl group represented by C 3 F 7 or C 4 F 9 in the formula may be either a straight chain or a branched structure.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt (II) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5 to 3 mol / liter. Outside this range, the electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution tends to be low, and the battery performance tends to deteriorate.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is more preferably 0.9 mol / liter or more, and more preferably 1.5 mol / liter or less.
- usable electrolyte salts (II) include conventionally known ammonium salts and metal salts, as well as liquid salts (ionic liquids). , Inorganic polymer type salts, organic polymer type salts, and the like, and ammonium salts are preferred. However, it is not limited to the illustrated specific examples including the ammonium salt.
- R 1a, R 2a, R 3a and R 4a are the same or different and each is an alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
- X - is an anion
- tetraalkyl represented by Preferred examples include quaternary ammonium salts.
- the ammonium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- R 5a is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 6a is a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 7a is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- z is 1 or 2
- X - is an alkyl ether group containing trialkylammonium salt represented by the anion), Etc.
- the anion X ⁇ may be an inorganic anion or an organic anion.
- inorganic anions include AlCl 4 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , TaF 6 ⁇ , I ⁇ and SbF 6 ⁇ .
- organic anion include CF 3 COO ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ and the like.
- BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ and SbF 6 ⁇ are preferred from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance and ion dissociation properties.
- Preferred examples of tetraalkyl quaternary ammonium salts include Et 4 NBF 4 , Et 4 NClO 4 , Et 4 NPF 6 , Et 4 NAsF 6 , Et 4 NSbF 6 , Et 4 NCF 3 SO 3 , Et 4 N CF 3 SO 2) 2 N, Et 4 NC 4 F 9 SO 3, Et 3 MeNBF 4, Et 3 MeNClO 4, Et 3 MeNPF 6, Et 3 MeNAsF 6, Et 3 MeNSbF 6, Et 3 MeNCF 3 SO 3, Et 3 MeN (CF 3 SO 2) 2 N, may be used Et 3 MeNC 4 F 9 SO 3 , in particular, Et 4 NBF 4, Et 4 NPF 6, Et 4 NSbF 6, Et 4 NAsF 6, Et 3 MeNBF 4 N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium salt I can get lost.
- R 8a and R 9a are the same or different and each is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X - is an anion; n2 is an integer of 0 to 5; n1 is an integer of 0 to 5) represented by Preferred examples include spirobipyridinium salts.
- a part or all of hydrogen atoms of the spirobipyridinium salt are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Anion X - of the preferred embodiment is the same as (IIA).
- This spirobipyridinium salt is excellent in terms of solubility, oxidation resistance, and ionic conductivity.
- imidazolium salts can be preferably exemplified represented by.
- the imidazolium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- Anion X - of the preferred embodiment is the same as (IIA).
- This imidazolium salt is excellent in terms of low viscosity and good solubility.
- N- alkylpyridinium salt represented by the preferred examples.
- the N-alkylpyridinium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- Anion X - of the preferred embodiment is the same as (IIA).
- This N-alkylpyridinium salt is excellent in that it has low viscosity and good solubility.
- N represented by, N- dialkyl pyrrolidinium salts can be preferably exemplified. Further, the oxidation resistance of the N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is improved. It is preferable from the point.
- Anion X - of the preferred embodiment is the same as (IIA).
- This N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salt is excellent in that it has low viscosity and good solubility.
- ammonium salts (IIA), (IIB) and (IIC) are preferable in terms of good solubility, oxidation resistance and ionic conductivity,
- lithium salt as electrolyte salt.
- the lithium salt for example LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6, LiN (SO 2 C 2 H 5) 2 is preferred.
- a magnesium salt may be used to improve the capacity.
- the magnesium salt for example, Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 , Mg (OOC 2 H 5 ) 2 and the like are preferable.
- spirobipyridinium tetraborate triethylmethylammonium tetraborate or tetraethylammonium tetraborate is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining low temperature characteristics.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt (II) in the non-aqueous electrolyte varies depending on the required current density, application, type of electrolyte salt, etc. .3 mol / liter or more, more preferably 0.5 mol / liter or more, particularly preferably 0.8 mol / liter or more, 3.6 mol / liter or less, further 2.0 mol / liter or less, particularly It is preferably 1.6 mol / liter or less.
- Compound Compound (I) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated chain sulfones and fluorinated chain sulfonates, and is used as a solvent component for non-aqueous electrolytes.
- compound (I) general formula (1):
- m is 0 or 1
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and are an alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. At least one of R 1 and R 2 is fluoro. An alkyl group) is preferable.
- the case where m is 1 represents that the sulfur atom and R 2 are bonded via an oxygen atom
- the case where m is 0 is a sulfur atom, It represents that R 2 is directly bonded.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably —CH 3 , — C 2 H 5 , —C 3 H 7 , —C 4 H 9 , —C 5 H 11 , —C 6 H 13 , —CF 3 , —C 2 F 5 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CF 2 CFH 2 , —CF 2 CH 2 CF 3, —CF 2 CHFCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , — CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2
- R 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms
- Rf 1 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms
- R 3 in the general formula (1 ′) is the same as the preferable form in the case where R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) are alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the preferred form of Rf 1 is the same as the preferred form when R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) are a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) include, for example, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 , HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 and the like.
- a compound represented by General formula (1) As a compound represented by General formula (1),
- Etc. can also be mentioned specifically.
- 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same in the general formula (1) and R 1 and R 2) compound represented by the general, the following formula (2-1): R 2 —OH (2-1) (. Wherein, R 2 is the same as R 2 in the general formula (1)) the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by (Compound (A)) and the following general formula (2-2): R 1 SO 2 Cl (2-2) (Wherein, R 1 is the same as R 1 in the general formula (1).) Represented by can be synthesized by reaction of a compound. In this way, the compound represented by the general formula (1) is synthesized by reacting the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) with the compound represented by the general formula (2-2).
- the method for producing the compound represented by the general formula (1) including the step of the step is also one aspect of the present invention.
- one kind of each of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2-2) may be used. The above may be used.
- the blending ratio of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2-2) is appropriately set according to the combination of the types of the respective compounds.
- the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) and the compound represented by the general formula (2-2) is 1/1 to 1.2 / 1. It is preferable. More preferably, it is 1/1 to 1.06 / 1.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 0 to 25 ° C.
- reaction temperature is lower than 0 degreeC, reaction rate may become slow.
- reaction temperature is higher than 25 ° C., the reaction rate increases, but there is a risk of increasing the danger in safety.
- the above synthesis step may be performed with or without using a solvent, but when the compound represented by the general formula (1) synthesized as described later is used after purification, the purification is performed. Considering the process, it is preferable to carry out in a solvent-free system without using a solvent. Thus, it is also one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention that the method for producing the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is performed in a solvent-free system.
- the solvent-free system is a compound (solvent component) capable of exhibiting the function as a solvent, when it is not present in the reaction system in an amount sufficient to exhibit the function as a solvent.
- the solventless system means that a compound having only a function as a solvent (inactive in the reaction system) is not substantially contained in the reaction system.
- the content of the compound having only a function as a solvent is 1% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1). ing.
- the synthesis step is performed by adding a neutralizing agent. Is preferably carried out at a content of the solvent component other than the neutralizing agent of 1% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1).
- Examples of the compound having only a function as the solvent (inactive in the reaction system) include tetrahydrofuran (THF), dioxane, diglyme, triglyme, and tetraglyme.
- the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) is reacted with the compound represented by the general formula (2-2), so that hydrochloric acid or the like is generated as a by-product.
- a neutralizing agent for neutralizing the hydrochloric acid or the like.
- the neutralizing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can neutralize by-product hydrochloric acid and the like, and examples thereof include primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines. Among these, pyridine, diethylamine, triethylamine and the like are preferable. As these neutralizing agents, 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used.
- the amount of the neutralizing agent used is preferably 1 to 1.2 equivalents relative to the number of moles of the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1).
- the use amount of the neutralizing agent is within such a range, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the decomposition of the target product and the reaction raw material. More preferably, it is 1-1.16 equivalents.
- the method for producing the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is represented by the hydroxyl group-containing compound represented by the general formula (2-1) and the general formula (2-2). It includes a step of synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (1) by reacting with a compound. Therefore, depending on the method of purification, the compound (A) as a raw material and the compound represented by the general formula (2-2) are produced by reacting with protons, and the following general formula (2-3): R 1 SO 3 H (2-3) (Wherein, R 1 is the same as R 1 in the general formula (1).) A sulfo group-containing compound represented by (Compound (B)) is may remain as impurities.
- R 2 in the general formula (2-1) is represented by the general formula It is the same as R 2 of (1-1).
- R 1 is also the same as in (2-3) R 1 and the general formula (1-1) of the.
- HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 which is a preferred specific example of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is synthesized by a reaction of HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH and CH 3 SO 2 Cl. Can do. Therefore, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH ( Compound (A-1)) by way of purification is starting material, CH 3 SO 2 Cl is CH 3 SO 3 H generated by reaction with a proton (Compound (B -1)) may remain as impurities.
- the structures of the compounds (A) and (B) are determined by the structure of the compound represented by the general formula (1). Accordingly, the impurities when the compound represented by the general formula (1) is as follows are as follows.
- compound (A-2) when the compound represented by the general formula (1) is CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 ) CF 3 CH 2 OH (compound (A-2)) and compound (B-1) may remain as impurities.
- compound (A-3)) and compound (B-1) may remain as impurities.
- the compound (A-3) and the compound (B-2) may remain as impurities.
- the compounds (A) and (B) are impurities that can remain when the compound represented by the general formula (1) is synthesized.
- the content of the compounds (A) and (B) is, in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the general formula (1).
- the total of the compounds (A) and (B) is preferably 5000 ppm or less with respect to the compound represented by When the total amount of the compounds (A) and (B) is more than 5000 ppm with respect to the compound represented by the general formula (1), the discharge characteristics after storage at high temperature are deteriorated or the cycle is deteriorated when the voltage is increased. Tend to grow. In particular, when the compound (A) remains, the compound (A) easily reacts with Li, so that the capacity tends to decrease.
- the compound (B) since the compound (B) is a strong acid, it will decompose the electrolytic solution. Moreover, since the HOMO energy of the compounds (A) and (B) obtained by molecular activation calculation is higher than that of the compound represented by the general formula (1), the oxidation resistance is weak. Therefore, it is considered that when the voltage is increased, it is decomposed and becomes a cause of deterioration. From these facts, it is considered that the lower the content of the compounds (A) and (B) in the non-aqueous electrolyte, the smaller the decrease in storage characteristics of the battery.
- the content of the compounds (A) and (B) is 3500 ppm or less in total of the compounds (A) and (B) with respect to the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. More preferred. More preferably, it is 2500 ppm or less.
- content of the compounds (A) and (B) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution can be within the above range by purifying the compound represented by the general formula (1) in advance.
- ppm is based on weight. For example, 5000 ppm or less with respect to the compound represented by the general formula (1) is 0. 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1). It represents that it is 5 parts by weight or less.
- purification for purifying the compound represented by the general formula (1) after the synthesis step for synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (1), purification for purifying the compound represented by the general formula (1). It is preferable to include a process.
- purification process what is used as a refinement
- purification method for example, there is a method in which after separation, the layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is rectified using a distillation column having 5 or more theoretical plates.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms
- Y is an alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms
- Y is an alkyl group or fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- the base used in the production method is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and the oxidizing agent is an organic peroxide or perhalogenated oxide. Preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of a product, permanganate, chromate, trifluoroacetic acid, and acetic acid.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains the compound (I) and the electrolyte salt (II), but may further contain a solvent other than the compound (I) as a solvent component for the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains a solvent other than the compound (I) as the solvent component for the nonaqueous electrolytic solution
- the compound in the solvent for the nonaqueous electrolytic solution (the solvent other than the compound (I) and the compound (I))
- the blending amount of (I) is preferably 0.01 to 20% by volume.
- the allowable upper limit is 20% by volume.
- Component (I) can exert its effect in a relatively small amount. More preferably, it is 10 volume% or less. A more preferred lower limit is 0.1% by volume, and a still more preferred lower limit is 0.5% by volume.
- the compound (I), particularly HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 particularly forms a good film on the negative electrode, and as a result, reduces resistance. Therefore, when a carbonaceous material such as graphite is used for the negative electrode, the amount of compound (I) is particularly preferably 5% by volume or less in the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte. Further, when an alloy-based material is used for the negative electrode, since the expansion and contraction are large, a coating more stable than the carbonaceous material-based material is required. Therefore, the compounding amount of compound (I) is 20 in the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte. Volume% or less is preferable.
- the compounding amount of compound (I) is less than 0.01% by volume in the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte solution, the amount is too small, and the effect of stopping gas generation tends not to be seen. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20% by volume, the conductivity tends to deteriorate and the discharge capacity tends to decrease.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention preferably contains non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (III) and non-fluorine chain carbonate (IV) as a solvent other than the compound (I). That is, the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention described later and the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the electrolyte salt (II) are also one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Non-fluorine cyclic carbonate Among non-fluorine cyclic carbonates, ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and propylene carbonate (PC) have a high dielectric constant and are particularly excellent in solubility of electrolyte salts. Therefore, it is preferable as the solvent component for the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the present invention. Moreover, when using a graphite-type material for a negative electrode, a stable film can also be formed on a negative electrode. Butylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and the like can also be used.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate is more preferable in terms of dielectric constant and viscosity. More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
- These non-fluorine cyclic carbonates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Non-fluorine chain carbonate examples include CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CH 3 (diethyl carbonate: DEC), CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 (ethyl methyl carbonate: EMC), and CH 3 OCOOCH.
- Hydrocarbon chain carbonates such as 3 (dimethyl carbonate: DMC), CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (methylpropyl carbonate), CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (di-n-propyl carbonate) 1 type, or 2 or more types.
- DEC, EMC, and DMC are preferred because of their high boiling point, low viscosity, and good low temperature characteristics.
- non-fluorine chain carbonate (IV) is at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. is there.
- These non-fluorine chain carbonates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the preferable upper limit is 50% by volume in the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte, more preferably 40% by volume, still more preferably 35% by volume, and particularly preferably 30% by volume.
- the solubility of the electrolyte salt in the entire solvent tends to decrease, and the desired electrolyte concentration (0.8 mol / liter or more) tends not to be achieved. Further, the load characteristics and cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are improved.
- the lower limit is preferably 5% by volume, more preferably 10% by volume.
- the preferable upper limit of the compounding quantity is 94.9 volume% in the solvent for nonaqueous electrolytes, Furthermore, it is 89.9 volume%.
- the lower limit is preferably 44.9% by volume.
- the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte used in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes components (III), (IV), and (I), and includes components (III), (IV), and (IV)
- the total of I) is 100% by volume
- (III) is 5 to 50% by volume
- (IV) is 44.9 to 94.9% by volume
- (I) is 0.1 to 20% by volume.
- a solvent in which (III) is 5 to 40% by volume, (IV) is 44.9 to 89.9% by volume, and a compound (I) is 0.1 to 10% by volume is more preferable.
- the present invention also relates to the solvent for non-aqueous electrolyte. That is, at least one compound (I) selected from the group consisting of fluorinated chain sulfone and fluorinated chain sulfonate, non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (III), and non-fluorine chain carbonate (IV) Including (III), (IV), and (I) as a total of 100% by volume, (III) is 5-50% by volume, (IV) is 44.9-94.9% by volume, and A solvent for non-aqueous electrolytes in which (I) is 0.1 to 20% by volume is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can solve the problems of the present invention only with the components (III), (IV), and (I), but other solvents well known as solvents for the non-aqueous electrolyte solution can be used with the component (III). You may mix
- the other solvent examples include at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing carbonates, fluorine-containing ethers, fluorine-containing esters, fluorine-containing lactones, fluoroamides, non-fluorine ethers, and non-fluorine esters. it can. Among these, it is preferable to include at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing ethers and fluorine-containing carbonates from the viewpoint of oxidation resistance.
- fluorine carbonate examples include fluorine-containing chain carbonates and fluorine-containing cyclic carbonates.
- Rf 2 OCOORf 3 (4) (Wherein Rf 2 and Rf 3 are the same or different and the fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) has high flame retardancy and good rate characteristics and oxidation resistance. It is preferable from the point.
- Rf 2 and Rf 3 include, for example, —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH 2 —, C 2 F 5 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, CF 2 CFHCF 2 CH 2 — and the like can be exemplified, and among them, CF 3 CH 2 — and C 2 F 5 CH 2 — are particularly preferable because of high flame retardancy and good rate characteristics and oxidation resistance.
- fluorine-containing chain carbonate examples include, for example, CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 and the like.
- fluorine-containing chain carbonates can be exemplified, and among them, CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 are suitable for viscosity and flame retardant. In view of good compatibility with other solvents and rate characteristics, it is particularly preferable.
- compounds described in JP-A-06-21992, JP-A-2000-327634, JP-A-2001-256983 and the like can also be exemplified.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is, for example, the following general formula (5):
- X 1 to X 4 are the same or different and all are —H, —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 ; provided that at least one of X 1 to X 4 is —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 ).
- X 1 to X 4 are —H, —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -F, -CF 3 , and -CH 2 CF 3 are preferred from the viewpoint of good dielectric constant and viscosity and excellent compatibility with other solvents.
- X 1 to X 4 when at least one of X 1 to X 4 is —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3, or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —H , —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3, or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 are present in only one of X 1 to X 4 It may be substituted or may be substituted at a plurality of locations. Among them, the number of substitution sites is preferably 1 to 2 from the viewpoint of good dielectric constant and oxidation resistance.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention When blending a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, it is preferable to contain 40% by volume or less in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention. If the content of the fluorinated cyclic carbonate exceeds 40% by volume, the viscosity will be poor, and the rate characteristics will tend to be poor. More preferably, it is 30% by volume or less, more preferably 10% by volume or less, from the viewpoint of good rate characteristics. The lower limit is 3% by volume, more preferably 5% by volume, from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is particularly advantageous in that it has excellent characteristics such as high dielectric constant and high withstand voltage, and also has good solubility of electrolyte salt and reduction of internal resistance. From the viewpoint of improving the characteristics, the following are preferable.
- fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate having a high withstand voltage and good solubility of the electrolyte salt for example,
- Etc. can also be used.
- Fluorine-containing ether By containing the fluorinated ether, the stability and safety at high temperature and high voltage are improved.
- the fluorine-containing ether for example, the following general formula (6): Rf 4 -O-Rf 5 (6) (Wherein, Rf 4 and Rf 5 are the same or different, and an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; provided that at least one is a fluoroalkyl group) .
- the solvent for a non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains a fluorinated ether
- the content of the compound represented by the following (A ′) or (B ′), which is an impurity of the fluorinated ether is It is preferable that it is 5000 ppm or less in total with respect to fluorine ether.
- fluorine-containing ether examples include, for example, HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , C 6 F 13 OCH 3 , C 6 F 13 OC 2 H 5 , C 8 F 17 OCH 3 , C 8 F 17 OC 2 H 5 , CF 3 CFHCF 2 CH (CH 3 ) OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 OC 4 H 9 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (C 2 H 5 ) 2, HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (CH 3) 2 and the like, in particular, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 , CF 3
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated ether used in the present invention is preferably 50% by mass or more from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance and safety.
- a particularly preferred fluorine content is 55 to 66% by mass.
- the fluorine content is calculated from the structural formula.
- the fluorine-containing ether When blending the fluorine-containing ether, it is preferable to contain 60% by volume or less in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- the content of the fluorinated ether exceeds 60% by volume, the compatibility is lowered and the rate characteristics tend to be deteriorated. More preferably, it is 45% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less from the viewpoint of good compatibility and rate characteristics.
- the lower limit is 5% by volume, more preferably 10% by volume from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance and safety.
- the fluorine-containing unsaturated compound (A ′) is derived from a by-product generated when the fluorine-containing ether represented by the general formula (6) is synthesized. Specifically, hydrogen fluoride (HF) is eliminated from the fluorine-containing ether represented by the general formula (6) and an unsaturated bond is generated.
- HF hydrogen fluoride
- the hydroxyl group-containing compound (B ′) is derived from a raw material used in the synthesis of the fluorine-containing ether represented by the general formula (6), and the general formula (6-1): Rf 4 OH (6-1) It is shown by.
- Rf 4 the same compounds as those in the general formula (6) can be exemplified.
- the hydroxyl group-containing compound (B ′) specifically, (B′-1) HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH can be mentioned.
- Compounds (A ′) and (B ′) are impurities contained in the fluorinated ether. Therefore, when the fluorine-containing ether represented by the general formula (6) is used, the contents of the compounds (A ′) and (B ′) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are obtained by purifying the fluorine-containing ether in advance. Can be within the above range (a total of 5000 ppm or less with respect to the fluorine-containing ether). Here, ppm is based on weight, and 5000 ppm or less with respect to the fluorinated ether indicates 0.5 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fluorinated ether.
- the upper limit of the content of the compounds (A ′) and (B ′) is more preferably 3500 ppm or less in total with respect to the fluorine-containing ether, and still more preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- the cycle deterioration tends to increase when the discharge characteristics after high-temperature storage are lowered or the voltage is increased.
- the compound (B ′) since the compound (B ′) easily reacts with Li, if it remains, the capacity tends to decrease.
- the fluorine-containing unsaturated compound (A ′) has a double bond, when many of these remain, there is a tendency that they easily react with moisture and the like in the electrolytic solution and decompose.
- fluorine-containing ester As the fluorine-containing ester, the following general formula (7): Rf 6 COORf 7 (7) (Wherein Rf 6 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and Rf 7 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). From the viewpoint of good compatibility and oxidation resistance.
- Rf 6 examples include CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2- , HCF 2- , CH 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2- and the like, among which CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2 -is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good rate characteristics.
- Rf 7 examples include —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CFHCF 3 , —CH 2 C 2 F 5 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CH 2 C 2 F 5 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 and the like can be exemplified, among them —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 —CH 2 C 2 F 5 , and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good compatibility with other solvents.
- fluorine-containing ester examples include, for example, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 C 2 F 5 ,
- CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH (CF 3 ) 2 and the like can be exemplified, and among them, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH (CF 3 ) 2 is another solvent. It is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of good compatibility with the above and rate characteristics.
- fluorine-containing lactone examples include the following general formula (8):
- X 5 to X 10 are the same or different and all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CH 3 or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; provided that at least one of X 5 to X 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl
- Examples of the fluorine-containing alkyl group in X 5 to X 10 include —CFH 2 , —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF (CF 3 ) 2 and the like are mentioned, and —CH 2 CF 3 and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 are preferable from the viewpoint of high oxidation resistance and an effect of improving safety.
- X 5 to X 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group, —H, —F, —Cl, —CH 3 or the fluorine-containing alkyl group is substituted at only one position of X 5 to X 10.
- a plurality of locations may be substituted. Preferably, it is 1 to 3 sites, more preferably 1 to 2 sites, from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- X 7 and / or X 8 are not particularly limited substitution position of the fluorine-containing alkyl group, since the synthesis yields good, X 7 and / or X 8, especially X 7 or X 8 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group, inter alia -CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 is preferable.
- X 5 to X 10 other than the fluorine-containing alkyl group are —H, —F, —Cl or —CH 3 , and —H is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- a and B is CX 16 X 17 (X 16 and X 17 are the same or different, and all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CF 3 , —CH 3 or a hydrogen atom)
- Rf 8 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group or fluorine-containing which may have an ether bond
- X 11 and X 12 are the same or different, all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CF 3 or —CH 3 ;
- fluorine-containing lactone represented by the general formula (9) examples include the following general formula (10):
- Etc. can also be used.
- the fluoroamide has the general formula (13):
- Rf 9 is —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , a fluorophenyl group or a fluoroalkylphenyl group.
- R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and are alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. .).
- fluorophenyl group those containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms are preferred, and those containing 3 to 5 are more preferred from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance.
- fluoroalkyl group of the fluoroalkylphenyl group include —CF 3 , —C 2 F 5 , —HC (CF 3 ) 2, etc., from the viewpoint of good compatibility and low viscosity— CF 3 and —C 2 F 5 are preferred.
- R 5 and R 6 include —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —C 3 H 7 , —C 4 H 9 and the like. Among them, —CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 is preferred.
- Particularly preferred compounds as the fluoroamide are the following compounds.
- Fluoroamide may be contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention in an amount of 10% by volume or less. If the fluoroamide content exceeds 10% by volume, the viscosity tends to increase and the ionic conductivity tends to decrease. Preferably, even if the viscosity is lowered, it is 6% by volume or less from the viewpoint of good stability at high temperature and high voltage, more preferably 3% by volume or less from the viewpoint of particularly good stability at high temperature and high voltage. A preferable lower limit is 0.01% by volume, and further 0.05% by volume from the viewpoint of stability at high temperature and high voltage.
- Non-fluorine ether is preferably a cyclic ether such as tetrahydrofuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran; a chain ether such as dimethoxyethane or dimethoxymethane.
- Non-fluorine ester Non-fluorinated esters have the effect of improving rate characteristics.
- the non-fluorine ester cyclic carboxylic acid ester compounds such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone; chain carboxylic acid ester compounds such as acetic acid ester, propionic acid ester and butyric acid ester are preferable.
- the addition amount is preferably 30% by volume or less, and more preferably 20% by volume or less in order to ensure compatibility with the electrolyte salt. From the viewpoint of improving the rate characteristics, the lower limit is 1% by volume, and further 3% by volume.
- One preferred form of the solvent other than the compound (I) includes a form containing 20 to 45% by volume of the non-fluorine cyclic carbonate (III) and 55 to 80% by volume of the non-fluorine chain carbonate (IV). It is done.
- a solvent used as a solvent other than the compound (I)
- the electric conductivity of the electrolytic solution is increased, and the cycle characteristics and the large current discharge characteristics are increased, which is preferable.
- Another preferred form of the solvent other than the compound (I) includes a form containing 60% by volume or more of an organic solvent selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone. Preferably it contains 85 volume% or more.
- An electrolyte solution using such a form of solvent as a solvent other than the compound (I) and using a lithium salt as an electrolyte salt is less likely to evaporate or leak even when used at a high temperature.
- the cycle characteristics and large current discharge are in the form containing 5 to 45% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 55 to 95% by volume of ⁇ -butyrolactone, or the form containing 30 to 60% by volume of ethylene carbonate and 40 to 70% by volume of propylene carbonate. This is preferable because the balance of characteristics and the like is good.
- the solvent other than the compound (I) a form containing 10% by volume or more of the phosphorus-containing organic solvent can be mentioned.
- the phosphorus-containing organic solvent include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl ethyl phosphate, methyl diethyl phosphate, ethylene methyl phosphate, and ethylene ethyl phosphate.
- the content of the phosphorus-containing organic solvent is 10 to 80% by volume, and the other components are mainly composed of a solvent selected from ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, non-fluorine cyclic carbonate, and non-fluorine chain carbonate. It is preferable to use lithium salt as the electrolyte because the balance between the cycle characteristics and the large current discharge characteristics is improved.
- one preferred form of the solvent other than the compound (I) includes a form containing 8% by volume or less of a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the content is preferably 0.01 to 8% by volume.
- a cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule is contained in such a range, side reactions at the negative electrode of compound (I) are suppressed, and the storage characteristics and battery cycle characteristics are further improved. Is preferable. If the amount of cyclic carbonate added exceeds 8% by volume, battery characteristics after storage may be deteriorated, or the internal pressure of the battery may increase due to gas generation.
- the lower limit value is more preferably 0.1% by volume, and the upper limit value is more preferably 3% by volume.
- Examples of the cyclic carbonate having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond in the molecule include vinylene carbonate, methyl vinylene carbonate, ethyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-dimethyl vinylene carbonate, 4,5-diethyl vinylene carbonate, fluoro vinylene carbonate, trifluoro Vinylene carbonate compounds such as methyl vinylene carbonate; 4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-ethyl-4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-n-propyl-4-vinylene ethylene carbonate, 5-methyl -4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-divinylethylene carbonate, 4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, 4,4-dimethyl-5-methyleneethylene carbonate, 4,4 Vinyl ethylene carbonate compounds such as diethyl 5-methylene ethylene carbonate.
- vinylene carbonate 4-vinylethylene carbonate, 4-methyl-4-vinylethylene carbonate or 4,5-divinylethylene carbonate, particularly vinylene carbonate or 4-vinylethylene carbonate are preferred. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes a non-flammable (flame retardant) agent, a surfactant, a high dielectric additive, a cycle characteristic and a rate characteristic improver and an overcharge as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- a non-flammable (flame retardant) agent such as a surfactant, a high dielectric additive, a cycle characteristic and a rate characteristic improver and an overcharge as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Other additives such as an inhibitor, a dehydrating agent, and a deoxidizing agent may be blended.
- Examples of the incombustible (incombustible) agent for improving incombustibility and flame retardancy include phosphate esters.
- phosphate esters examples include fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters, non-fluorine-based alkyl phosphate esters, and aryl phosphate esters.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters contribute to the incombustibility of electrolytes in a small amount. It is preferable because of its non-flammable effect.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate ester examples include fluorine-containing dialkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-233141, cyclic alkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-283669, and fluorine-containing trialkyl phosphate esters. Examples thereof include alkyl phosphate esters.
- a flame retardant such as (CH 3 O) 3 P ⁇ O, (CF 3 CH 2 O) 3 P ⁇ O can also be added.
- the surfactant may be blended in order to improve capacity characteristics and rate characteristics.
- any of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant may be used, but the fluorine-containing surfactant has good cycle characteristics and rate characteristics. It is preferable from the point.
- Rf 10 COO ⁇ M + (14) (Wherein Rf 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) , Each of which is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms)), or the following general formula (15): Rf 11 SO 3 - M + (15) (In the formula, Rf 11 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) Are preferably H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms).
- the blending amount of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention from the viewpoint of reducing the surface tension of the electrolytic solution without reducing the charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- high dielectric additive examples include sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like.
- overcharge inhibitor examples include aromatic compounds such as cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, terphenyl partial hydride, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, benzofuran, and dibenzofuran; Partial or fully fluorinated products of aromatic compounds such as fluorobiphenyl, hexafluorobenzene and fluorobenzene; fluorinated anisole compounds such as 2,4-difluoroanisole, 2,5-difluoroanisole and 2,6-difluoroanisole; dichloroaniline , Toluene and the like.
- aromatic compounds such as cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, terphenyl partial hydride, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, di
- cycle characteristic and rate characteristic improver examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like.
- additives include carbonate compounds such as fluoroethylene carbonate, trifluoropropylene carbonate, phenylethylene carbonate and erythritan carbonate; succinic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, glutaconic anhydride, itaconic anhydride Carboxylic anhydrides such as diglycolic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and phenylsuccinic anhydride; ethylene sulfite, 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, Sulfur-containing compounds such as methyl methanesulfonate, busulfan, sulfolane, sulfolene, dimethyl sulfone, and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide; 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-piperide Nitrogen
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention described above includes, for example, an electrolytic capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, a battery charged / discharged by ion charge transfer, a solid display element such as electroluminescence, a current sensor and a gas sensor. Can be used for sensors and the like. Among these, it is preferable to use for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium ion secondary battery provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is also one aspect of the present invention.
- this invention is also an electrical double layer capacitor provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte of this invention.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- a positive electrode is comprised from the positive electrode mixture containing the positive electrode active material which is a material of a positive electrode, and a collector.
- the positive electrode active material is particularly preferably a lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide that produces a high voltage.
- the lithium-containing transition metal composite oxide include: Formula: Li a Mn 2-b M 1 b O 4 (where 0.9 ⁇ a; 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.5; M 1 is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, Cr, A lithium-manganese spinel composite oxide represented by V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Sr, B, Ga, In, Si, and Ge).
- LiNi 1-c M 2 c O 2 (where 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5; M 2 is Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Lithium-nickel composite oxide represented by (at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Sr, B, Ga, In, Si and Ge), or Formula: LiCo 1-d M 3 d O 2 (where 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.5; M 3 is Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, Cr, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Lithium-cobalt composite oxide represented by at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Sr, B, Ga, In, Si, and Ge.
- LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 can be provided because the lithium ion secondary battery with high energy density and high output can be provided. Or LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 is preferred.
- positive electrode active materials include LiFeO 2 , LiFePO 4 , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.2 O 2 , Li 1.2 Fe 0.4 Mn 0.4 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2. , LiV 3 O 6 , V 2 O 5 and the like.
- the positive electrode active material particles are mainly secondary particles. It is preferable that The particles of the positive electrode active material preferably contain 0.5 to 7.0% by volume of fine particles having an average secondary particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less and an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less. By containing fine particles having an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less, the contact area with the electrolytic solution is increased, and the diffusion of lithium ions between the electrode and the electrolytic solution can be further accelerated. Output performance can be improved.
- the content of the positive electrode active material is preferably 50 to 99% by mass, more preferably 80 to 99% by mass of the positive electrode mixture, from the viewpoint of high battery capacity.
- the positive electrode mixture preferably further contains a binder, a thickener, and a conductive material.
- a binder any material can be used as long as it is a material that is safe with respect to the solvent and the electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
- any material can be used as long as it is a material that is safe with respect to the solvent and the electrolyte used in the production of the electrode.
- thickener examples include carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein.
- Examples of the conductive material include carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- Examples of the material for the positive electrode current collector include metals such as aluminum, titanium, and tantalum, and alloys thereof. Of these, aluminum or an alloy thereof is preferable.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by a conventional method.
- the above-mentioned positive electrode active material is added with the above-mentioned binder, thickener, conductive material, solvent, etc. to form a slurry-like positive electrode mixture, which is applied to a current collector, dried and then pressed.
- a method of densification is mentioned.
- the negative electrode is composed of a negative electrode mixture containing a negative electrode material and a current collector.
- the negative electrode material it is possible to occlude and release lithium such as pyrolyzate of organic matter under various pyrolysis conditions, artificial graphite, natural graphite, cokes, mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fiber, activated carbon, pitch-coated graphite, etc.
- Carbonaceous materials; metal oxide materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium such as tin oxide and silicon oxide; metal nitride materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium such as Li 2.6 Co 0.4 N; lithium metal; various The lithium alloy etc. can be mentioned. These negative electrode materials may be used in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode mixture preferably further contains a binder, a thickener, and a conductive material.
- a binder the thing similar to the binder which can be used for a positive electrode mentioned above is mentioned.
- a thickener the thing similar to the thickener which can be used for a positive electrode mentioned above is mentioned.
- Examples of the conductive material for the negative electrode include metal materials such as copper and nickel; carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- Examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include copper, nickel, and stainless steel. Of these, copper foil is preferable from the viewpoint of easy processing into a thin film and cost.
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by a conventional method.
- the above-described negative electrode material is added with the above-mentioned binder, thickener, conductive material, solvent, etc. to form a slurry, which is applied to a current collector, dried, pressed and densified. .
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention preferably further includes a separator.
- the material and shape of the separator are not particularly limited as long as they are stable to the electrolytic solution and excellent in liquid retention, and known ones can be used.
- the said separator is the porous sheet
- Examples of such a separator include a microporous polyethylene film, a microporous polypropylene film, a microporous ethylene-propylene copolymer film, a microporous polypropylene / polyethylene bilayer film, and a microporous polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene trilayer. Examples include films.
- the shape of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is arbitrary, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a coin shape, and a large shape.
- the shape and structure of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator can be changed and used according to the shape of each battery.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is nonflammable, it is particularly useful as an electrolyte for a hybrid lithium battery or a large-sized lithium ion secondary battery for a distributed power source. It is also useful as a non-aqueous electrolyte for secondary batteries.
- the module provided with the lithium ion secondary battery of this invention is also one of this invention.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention when used, a battery excellent in high temperature storage characteristics and high voltage cycle characteristics and a module using the battery can be suitably obtained.
- VA propyl methanesulfonate
- VC butyl butanesulfonate
- VD propylsulfonylbutane
- Example 1 Ethylene carbonate (IIIA) as component (III), dimethyl carbonate (IVA) as component (IV), and (IA) as component (I) are mixed so as to be 30/67/3 (volume%). Further, LiPF 6 (IIA) as an electrolyte salt (II) was added to the solvent for water electrolyte so as to have a concentration of 1.0 mol / liter, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred at 25 ° C. to prepare the nonaqueous electrolyte of the present invention. did.
- Examples 2 to 9 A nonaqueous electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts shown in Table 1 were used as Component (II), Component (III), Component (IV), and Component (I).
- Examples 10-14 A nonaqueous electrolytic solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts shown in Table 2 were used as Component (II), Component (III), Component (IV), and Component (I).
- Comparative Example 1 Non-aqueous electrolyte as in Example 1 except that the types and amounts shown in Table 3 were used as Component (II), Component (IV) and Component (III), and Component (I) was not blended. Was prepared.
- Comparative Examples 2-5 As in Example 1, except that the types and amounts shown in Table 3 were used as Component (II), Component (IV), Component (III), and Component (V), and Component (I) was not blended. Thus, a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared.
- Test 1 Measurement of battery characteristics
- a cylindrical secondary battery was produced by the following method.
- a positive electrode active material obtained by mixing LiCoO 2 , carbon black and polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: KF-1000) at 90/3/7 (mass%) was mixed with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. What was dispersed and made into a slurry form was uniformly applied onto a positive electrode current collector (aluminum foil having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m) and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer. Then, after compression-molding with a roller press machine, it cut
- a negative electrode current collector (thickness 10 ⁇ m) was prepared by adding styrene-butadiene rubber dispersed in distilled water to artificial graphite powder to a solid content of 6% by mass and mixing with a disperser to form a slurry. On the copper foil) and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer. Then, it was compression molded by a roller press, cut, dried, and the lead body was welded to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode.
- the belt-like positive electrode was overlapped with the belt-like negative electrode through a microporous polyethylene film (separator) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and wound in a spiral shape to obtain a laminated electrode body having a spiral winding structure. In that case, it wound so that the rough surface side of the positive electrode current collector could be the outer peripheral side. Thereafter, the electrode body was filled in a bottomed cylindrical battery case having an outer diameter of 18 mm, and the positive and negative lead bodies were welded.
- the battery was charged at 1.0 C at 4.5 V until the charging current became 1/10 C, discharged at a current equivalent to 0.2 C to 3.0 V, and the discharge capacity was determined. Thereafter, the battery was charged at 1.0 C and 4.5 V until the charging current became 1/10 C, and placed in a constant temperature bath at 85 ° C. for 2 days. Two days later, the battery was sufficiently placed to cool to room temperature, and discharged at a current corresponding to 0.2 to 3.0 V. Thereafter, the battery was charged at 1.0 C at 4.5 V until the charging current became 1/10 C, discharged at a current corresponding to 0.2 until 3.0 V, and the discharge capacity after storage was determined. The discharge capacity before storage and the discharge capacity charged after storage and discharged at 0.2 C were substituted into the following calculation formula to obtain high temperature storage characteristics.
- Cycle characteristics As for the cycle characteristics, the charge / discharge cycle performed under the above charge / discharge conditions (charging at 1.0 C until the charging current becomes 1/10 C at 4.5 V and discharging to 3.0 V at a current equivalent to 1 C) is 1
- the discharge capacity after the first cycle and the discharge capacity after 100 cycles were measured.
- the value obtained by the following formula was used as the cycle retention rate.
- the organic layer was purified by distillation using a 10-stage distillation purification tower. About 5% of the first fraction is discarded, and approximately equal amounts are sampled in the order of distillation, so that HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH (compound (A-1)), CH 3 SO 3 H (compound (B-1) ) Of rectification A, B, C having different contents.
- Rectification A to C was subjected to gas chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, GC-17A; column: DB624 (Length 60, ID 0.32, Film 1.8 ⁇ m); from 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. heating; injection, by measuring with a detector (FID) both 250 ° C.), the purity of the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3, and the compound (a-1), HCF 2 CF of (B-1) The content with respect to 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was determined. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3
- a reactor was prepared by installing a reflux tube and a dropping funnel in a 10 L four-necked flask. Thereafter, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH (445.35 g; 3.37 mol) and pyridine (306.31 g; 3.88 mol) were added and stirred in an ice bath. Thereafter, ethanesulfonic acid chloride (411.4 g; 3.20 mol) was added dropwise using an addition funnel with attention to heat generation. The reaction solution gradually turned milky white with the formation of pyridine hydrochloride. After completion, the reaction solution was washed with 1N aqueous HCl. The separated organic layer was collected after washing.
- the organic layer was purified by distillation using a 10-stage distillation purification tower. By discarding about 5% of the first fraction and sampling approximately equal amounts in the order of distillation, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH (compound (A-1)), CH 3 CH 2 SO 3 H (compound (B- The rectifications D, E and F having different contents of 2)) were obtained.
- Rectification DF was subjected to gas chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, GC-17A; column: DB624 (Length 60, ID 0.32, Film 1.8 ⁇ m); from 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. The temperature is raised; both the injection and the detector (FID) are 250 ° C.), the purity of HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 and the HCF of the compounds (A-1) and (B-2) The content with respect to 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 was determined. The results are shown in Table 5.
- Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 A 10 L four-necked flask was equipped with a reflux tube and a dropping funnel to prepare a reaction apparatus. Thereafter, CF 3 CH 2 OH (337.1 g; 3.37 mol) and pyridine (306.31 g; 3.88 mol) were added and stirred in an ice bath. Thereafter, using a dropping funnel, methanesulfonic acid chloride (364.15 g; 3.20 mol) was added dropwise while paying attention to heat generation. The reaction solution gradually turned milky white with the formation of pyridine hydrochloride. After completion, the reaction solution was washed with 1N aqueous HCl. The separated organic layer was collected after washing.
- the organic layer was purified by distillation using a 10-stage distillation purification tower. About 5% of the first distillate is discarded, and approximately the same amount is sampled in the order of distillation, so that CF 3 CH 2 OH (compound (A-2)), CH 3 SO 3 H (compound (B-1)) Rectification G, H and I having different contents were obtained.
- Rectification G to I were subjected to gas chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, GC-17A; column: DB624 (Length 60, ID 0.32, Film 1.8 ⁇ m); from 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. heating; injection, by measuring with a detector (FID) both 250 ° C.), the purity of CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 , and the compound (a-2), CF 3 CH 2 OSO of (B-1) The content with respect to 2 CH 3 was determined. The results are shown in Table 6.
- Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 A 10 L four-necked flask was equipped with a reflux tube and a dropping funnel to prepare a reactor. Thereafter, CF 3 CH 2 OH (337.1 g; 3.37 mol) and pyridine (306.31 g; 3.88 mol) were added and stirred in an ice bath. Thereafter, ethanesulfonic acid chloride (364.15 g; 3.20 mol) was added dropwise using an addition funnel, taking note of heat generation. The reaction solution gradually turned milky white with the formation of pyridine hydrochloride. After completion, the reaction solution was washed with 1N aqueous HCl. The separated organic layer was collected after washing.
- the organic layer was purified by distillation using a 10-stage distillation purification tower. By discarding about 5% of the first fraction and sampling approximately the same amount in the order of distillation, CF 3 CH 2 OH (compound (A-2)), CH 3 CH 2 SO 3 H (compound (B-2)) ) Of rectification J, K, and L having different contents.
- Rectification J to L were subjected to gas chromatography (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, GC-17A; column: DB624 (Length 60, ID 0.32, Film 1.8 ⁇ m); from 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. at 10 ° C./min. heating; injection, by measuring with a detector (FID) both 250 ° C.), the purity of CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3, and the compound (a-2), CF 3 CH of (B-2) The content relative to 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 was determined. The results are shown in Table 7.
- Example 15 Under a dry argon atmosphere, 3 parts by weight of HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectified C was added to 97 parts by weight of a mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (volume ratio 3: 7), and then thoroughly dried. LiPF 6 was dissolved to a ratio of 1 mol / liter to obtain an electrolytic solution.
- Positive electrode active in which LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 , carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name KF-7200) were mixed at 92/3/5 (% by mass).
- a positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by dispersing the substance in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to form a slurry.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture slurry was uniformly applied and dried to form a positive electrode mixture layer (thickness 50 ⁇ m). Thereafter, the positive electrode laminate was manufactured by compression molding with a roller press.
- the positive electrode laminate was punched into a diameter of 1.6 mm with a punching machine to produce a circular positive electrode.
- a negative electrode current collector (thickness 10 ⁇ m) was prepared by adding styrene-butadiene rubber dispersed in distilled water to artificial graphite powder to a solid content of 6% by mass and mixing with a disperser to form a slurry. On the copper foil) and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer. After that, compression molding was performed with a roller press machine, and a circular negative electrode was produced with a punching machine having a diameter of 1.6 mm.
- the above-mentioned circular positive electrode is opposed to the positive electrode and the negative electrode through a microporous polyethylene film (separator) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, the electrolytic solution is injected, and the electrolytic solution sufficiently permeates the separator, and then sealed. Precharging and aging were performed to produce a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery.
- the coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was examined for high voltage cycle characteristics and high temperature storage characteristics as follows.
- the charge / discharge cycle performed under the above charge / discharge conditions (charging at 1.0 C at a predetermined voltage until the charging current becomes 1/10 C and discharging to 3.0 V at a current equivalent to 1 C) is 1
- the discharge capacity after 5 cycles and the discharge capacity after 100 cycles are measured.
- the value obtained by the following formula is used as the capacity retention rate.
- Example 16 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification B made a fabricated test cell in the same manner as in Example 15.
- Example 17 A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was changed to rectified F HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 . .
- Example 18 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 rectification E was subjected to produced test cell in the same manner as in Example 15 .
- Example 19 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification I went The prepared test battery in the same manner as in Example 15.
- Example 20 A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was changed to rectified H CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 .
- Example 21 A battery was prepared and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification C was changed to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 of rectification L.
- Example 22 A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification C was changed to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 of rectification K.
- Example 23 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification A was subjected to produced test cell in the same manner as in Example 15.
- Example 24 The HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C, the ratio of the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OH (Compound (A-1)) in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to 10000ppm A battery was produced and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the battery was added in the same manner as in Example 15.
- Example 25 Add rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 to rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 at a rate of 10,000 ppm of CH 3 SO 3 H (compound (B-1)) A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the above was changed.
- Example 27 10000ppm the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C, CH 3 CH 2 SO 3 H ( Compound (B-2)) in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 rectification F a
- a battery was manufactured and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the battery was added at the ratio of.
- Example 28 A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification C was changed to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification G.
- Example 29 HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification C, and CF 3 CH 2 OH (compound (A-2)) added at a ratio of 10,000 ppm to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification I
- a battery was produced and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the test was performed.
- Example 30 A battery was fabricated and tested in the same manner as in Example 15 except that HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 of rectification C was changed to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 of rectification J.
- LiPF 6 is 1.0 mol / liter
- rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg
- polyethylene oxide monool and polyethylene oxide diol was added and mixed so as to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg to obtain a nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the obtained nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used, and the cycle characteristics at high voltage and the high-temperature storage characteristics were evaluated.
- the capacity retention rate was 92.5%, and the recovery capacity was 91.0.
- Example 32 A battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31 except that rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was changed to rectified F HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3. It was. The capacity retention rate was 91.0% and the recovery capacity was 91.5.
- Example 33 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification I went The prepared evaluation test battery in the same manner as in Example 31. The capacity retention rate was 92.4% and the recovery capacity was 93.3.
- mixing ratio 1: 1 (molar ratio), weight average molecular weight 2000 was 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the obtained nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used, and the cycle characteristics at high voltage and the high-temperature storage characteristics were evaluated.
- the capacity retention rate was 90.5%, and the recovery capacity was 91.4.
- Example 35 A battery was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 34 except that rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was changed to rectified F HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3. It was. The capacity retention rate was 93.1%, and the recovery capacity was 92.5.
- Example 36 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification I went The prepared evaluation test battery in the same manner as in Example 34. The capacity retention rate was 91.7% and the recovery capacity was 92.3.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the obtained nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used, and the cycle characteristics at high voltage and the high-temperature storage characteristics were evaluated.
- the capacity retention rate was 92.4% and the recovery capacity was 91.5.
- Example 38 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C in HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3 rectification F in the same manner as in Example 37 to prepare a battery tested to evaluate It was.
- the capacity retention rate was 93.4%, and the recovery capacity was 91.5.
- Example 39 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification I went The prepared evaluation test battery in the same manner as in Example 37. The capacity retention rate was 90.7%, and the recovery capacity was 90.4.
- LiPF 6 was added at 1.0 mol / liter
- rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was added at 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg
- the mixture of ethylene oxide monool and polyethylene oxide diol (mixing ratio 1: 1 (molar ratio), weight average molecular weight 2000) was added and mixed so as to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 mol / kg, respectively.
- An electrolytic solution was obtained.
- a coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 15 except that the obtained nonaqueous electrolytic solution was used, and the cycle characteristics at high voltage and the high-temperature storage characteristics were evaluated.
- the capacity retention rate was 91.2%, and the recovery capacity was 92.4.
- Example 41 A battery was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 40 except that rectified C HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 was changed to rectified F HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 2 CH 3. It was. The capacity retention rate was 93.5%, and the recovery capacity was 92.0.
- Example 42 Except that the HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification C to CF 3 CH 2 OSO 2 CH 3 rectification I went The prepared evaluation test battery in the same manner as in Example 40. The capacity retention rate was 91.0% and the recovery capacity was 90.7.
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Abstract
Description
電解質塩(II)としては、本発明の非水電解液を用いる用途に応じて適宜選択することができ、その使用量も適宜設定することができるが、本発明の効果が顕著に発揮されることになるという観点からは、後述するようなフッ素を含む電解質塩であることが好ましい。特に、本発明の非水電解液をリチウムイオン二次電池に使用する場合、使用可能な電解質塩(II)としては、例えば、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiPF6及びLiBF4等の無機リチウム塩;LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、LiN(CF3SO2)(C4F9SO2)、LiC(CF3SO2)3、LiPF4(CF3)2、LiPF4(C2F5)2、LiPF4(CF3SO2)2、LiPF4(C2F5SO2)2、LiBF2(CF3)2、LiBF2(C2F5)2、LiBF2(CF3SO2)2、LiBF2(C2F5SO2)2、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレート、リチウムビス(オキサレート)ボレート、及び、式:LiPFa(CnF2n+1)6-a(式中、aは0~5の整数であり、nは1~6の整数である)で表される塩等の含フッ素有機酸リチウム塩等が挙げられる。これらは、単独又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
上記電解質塩の濃度は、0.9モル/リットル以上がより好ましく、1.5モル/リットル以下がより好ましい。
一般式(IIA):
一般式(IIA-1):
一般式(IIA-2):
などがあげられる。
一般式(IIB):
一般式(IIC):
一般式(IID):
化合物(I)は、フッ素化鎖状スルホン、及び、フッ素化鎖状スルホン酸エステルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物であり、非水電解液用溶媒成分として用いられる。化合物(I)としては、一般式(1):
なお、一般式(1)において、mが1の場合とは、硫黄原子と、R2とが酸素原子を介して結合していることを表し、mが0の場合とは、硫黄原子と、R2とが直接結合していることを表す。
また、一般式(1)で表される化合物としては、
これら化合物(I)としては、1種を用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
R2-OH (2-1)
(式中、R2は、一般式(1)におけるR2と同様である。)で表される水酸基含有化合物(化合物(A))と、下記一般式(2-2):
R1SO2Cl (2-2)
(式中、R1は、一般式(1)におけるR1と同様である。)で表される化合物との反応により合成することができる。このように、一般式(2-1)で表される水酸基含有化合物と、一般式(2-2)で表される化合物とを反応させることにより一般式(1)で表される化合物を合成する工程を含む一般式(1)で表される化合物の製造方法もまた、本発明の1つである。
なお、上記合成工程において、一般式(2-1)で表される水酸基含有化合物、及び、一般式(2-2)で表される化合物はそれぞれ、1種を用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
ここで、本発明において、無溶媒系とは、溶媒としての機能を発揮することができる化合物(溶媒成分)が溶媒としての機能を発揮することができる程度の量反応系中に存在しない場合、すなわち、溶媒成分が実質的に存在しない場合だけでなく、溶媒としての機能を発揮することができる化合物であって、後述する中和剤のように、溶媒としての機能に加え、反応系中に存在する物質と反応する(反応系中において不活性でない)化合物が反応系中に含まれる場合も含むものである。すなわち、本発明において、無溶媒系とは、溶媒としての機能のみしか有さない(反応系中において不活性である)化合物が反応系中に実質的に含まれていないことを意味する。
具体的には、溶媒としての機能のみしか有さない化合物の含有量が、一般式(2-1)で表される水酸基含有化合物100質量%に対して、1質量%以下であることを表している。更に本発明においては、後述するように、合成工程を中和剤を添加して行うこともまた、好適な実施形態の1つであるが、合成工程を中和剤を添加して無溶媒系で行う場合には、中和剤以外の溶媒成分の含有量が一般式(2-1)で表される水酸基含有化合物100質量%に対して、1質量%以下で行うことが好ましい。
これら中和剤としては、1種を用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
R1SO3H (2-3)
(式中、R1は、一般式(1)におけるR1と同様である。)で表されるスルホ基含有化合物(化合物(B))が不純物として残る場合がある。
このように、化合物(A)、(B)は、一般式(1-1)で表される化合物の合成の際に生じる不純物であるため、一般式(2-1)のR2は一般式(1-1)のR2と同じものになる。また、一般式(2-2)、(2-3)のR1と一般式(1-1)のR1も同じものになる。
化合物(A-1)及びCH3CH2SO3H(化合物(B-2))が不純物として残る場合がある。
CF3CH2OH(化合物(A-2))及び化合物(B-1)が不純物として残る場合がある。
化合物(A-2)及び化合物(B-2)が不純物として残る場合がある。
CF3CF2CH2OH(化合物(A-3))及び化合物(B-1)が不純物として残る場合がある。
化合物(A-3)及び化合物(B-2)が不純物として残る場合がある。
化合物(A)、(B)の含有量としては、非水電解液中、一般式(1)で表される化合物に対して化合物(A)及び(B)の合計で3500ppm以下であることがより好ましい。更に好ましくは、2500ppm以下である。
なお、一般式(1)で表される化合物を予め精製することにより、非水電解液中の化合物(A)、(B)の含有量を上記範囲内とすることができる。
ここで、ppmは、重量基準であり、例えば、一般式(1)で表される化合物に対して5000ppm以下とは、一般式(1)で表される化合物100重量部に対して、0.5重量部以下であることを表している。
R4-SH (3-1)
(式中、R4は上記同様である。)で表されるチオールと、下記一般式:
CF2=CYF
(式中、Yは上記同様である。)で表されるフルオロオレフィンとを塩基の存在下に反応させて、下記一般式(3-2):
すなわち、後述する本発明の非水電解液用溶媒、及び、電解質塩(II)を含む非水電解液もまた、本発明の好適な実施形態の1つである。
非フッ素環状カーボネートのなかでも、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)は誘電率が高く、また、電解質塩の溶解性に特に優れているため、本発明の非水電解液用溶媒成分として好ましい。また、黒鉛系材料を負極に用いる場合には、安定な被膜を負極に形成させることもできる。また、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネートなどを使用することもできる。これらの中でも、特に、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、及び、ブチレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが、誘電率、粘度の点からより好ましい。更に好ましくは、エチレンカーボネート、及び、プロピレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。これら非フッ素環状カーボネートは、1種を用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
非フッ素鎖状カーボネートとしては、たとえば、CH3CH2OCOOCH2CH3(ジエチルカーボネート:DEC)、CH3CH2OCOOCH3(エチルメチルカーボネート:EMC)、CH3OCOOCH3(ジメチルカーボネート:DMC)、CH3OCOOCH2CH2CH3(メチルプロピルカーボネート)、CH3CH2CH2OCOOCH2CH2CH3(ジ-n-プロピルカーボネート)などの炭化水素系鎖状カーボネートなどの1種または2種以上があげられる。これらのうち沸点が高く、粘性が低く、かつ低温特性が良好なことから、DEC、EMC、DMCが好ましい。すなわち、非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(IV)が、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、及び、ジエチルカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることもまた、本発明の好適な実施形態の1つである。これら非フッ素鎖状カーボネートは、1種を用いてもよいし、2種以上を用いてもよい。
含フッ素カーボネートとしては、含フッ素鎖状カーボネートと含フッ素環状カーボネートが例示できる。
Rf2OCOORf3 (4)
(式中、Rf2、Rf3は同じかまたは異なり、炭素数1~4の含フッ素アルキル基)で示される含フッ素カーボネートが、難燃性が高く、かつレート特性や耐酸化性が良好な点から好ましい。
含フッ素エーテルを含有させることにより、高温高電圧での安定性、安全性が向上する。
Rf4-O-Rf5 (6)
(式中、Rf4およびRf5は同じかまたは異なり、炭素数1~10のアルキル基または炭素数1~10のフルオロアルキル基;ただし、少なくとも一方はフルオロアルキル基)で示される化合物が例示できる。ただし、本発明の非水電解液用溶媒は、含フッ素エーテルを含む場合、当該含フッ素エーテルの不純物である、下記(A’)、(B’)で示される化合物の含有量は、前記含フッ素エーテルに対して合計で5000ppm以下であることが好ましい。
(A’)含フッ素不飽和化合物(以下、化合物(A’)ということもある。)
(B’)一般式(6-1):
Rf4OH (6-1)
(式中、Rf4は一般式(6)と同様である。)で示される水酸基含有化合物(以下、化合物(B’)ということもある。)
Rf4OH (6-1)
で示されるものである。ここで、Rf4としては、一般式(6)と同様のものを挙げることができ、水酸基含有化合物(B’)としては、具体的には、(B’-1)HCF2CF2CH2OHを挙げることができる。
含フッ素不飽和化合物(A’)が、
(A’-1)CF2=CFCH2OCF2CF2H、及び、
(A’-2)HCF2CF=CHOCF2CF2H
であり、
水酸基含有化合物(B’)が、
(B’-1)HCF2CF2CH2OH
である組み合わせ、又は、
一般式(6)で示される含フッ素エーテルが、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3であり、
含フッ素不飽和化合物(A’)が、
(A’-3)CF2=CFCH2OCF2CFHCF3、
(A’-4)HCF2CF2CH2OCF=CFCF3、
(A’-5)HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF=CF2、及び、
(A’-6)HCF2CF=CHOCF2CFHCF3
であり、
水酸基含有化合物(B’)が、
(B’-1)HCF2CF2CH2OH
である組み合わせが好ましい。
ここで、ppmは、重量基準であり、含フッ素エーテルに対して5000ppm以下とは、含フッ素エーテル100重量部に対して、0.5重量部以下であることを示す。
含フッ素エステルとしては、下記一般式(7):
Rf6COORf7 (7)
(式中、Rf6は炭素数1~2の含フッ素アルキル基、Rf7は炭素数1~4の含フッ素アルキル基)で示される含フッ素エステルが、難燃性が高く、かつ他溶媒との相溶性や耐酸化性が良好な点から好ましい。
含フッ素ラクトンとしては、たとえば、下記一般式(8):
フルオロアミドは、一般式(13):
非フッ素エーテルとしては、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン等の環状エーテル;ジメトキシエタン、ジメトキシメタン等の鎖状エーテルなどが好ましい。
非フッ素エステルはレート特性を向上させる効果がある。非フッ素エステルとしては、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン等の環状カルボン酸エステル化合物;酢酸エステル、プロピオン酸エステル、ブチル酸エステル等の鎖状カルボン酸エステル化合物などが好ましい。添加量としては、30体積%以下、さらには20体積%以下が電解質塩との相溶性を担保するうえで好ましい。レート特性の向上の点から下限は1体積%、さらには3体積%である。
Rf10COO-M+ (14)
(式中、Rf10は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+またはNHR’3 +(R’は同じかまたは異なり、いずれもHまたは炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)で示される含フッ素カルボン酸塩や、下記一般式(15):
Rf11SO3 -M+ (15)
(式中、Rf11は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+またはNHR’3 +(R’は同じかまたは異なり、いずれもHまたは炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)で示される含フッ素スルホン酸塩などが好ましく例示される。
これら過充電防止剤を非水電解液中に0.1~5体積%含有させると、過充電等のときに電池の破裂・発火を抑制することができる。
これら添加剤を非水電解液中に0.1~5体積%含有させると、高温保存後の容量維持特性やサイクル特性が良好となる。
正極は、正極の材料である正極活物質を含む正極合剤と、集電体とから構成される。
上記リチウム含有遷移金属複合酸化物としては、例えば、
式:LiaMn2-bM1 bO4(式中、0.9≦a;0≦b≦1.5;M1はFe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・マンガンスピネル複合酸化物、
式:LiNi1-cM2 cO2(式中、0≦c≦0.5;M2はFe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・ニッケル複合酸化物、又は、
式:LiCo1-dM3 dO2(式中、0≦d≦0.5;M3はFe、Ni、Mn、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、Cr、V、Ti、Mg、Ca、Sr、B、Ga、In、Si及びGeよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属)で表されるリチウム・コバルト複合酸化物が挙げられる。
上記正極活物質の粒子は、二次粒子の平均粒子径が40μm以下で、かつ、平均一次粒子径が1μm以下の微粒子を、0.5~7.0体積%含むものであることが好ましい。平均一次粒子径が1μm以下の微粒子を含有させることにより、電解液との接触面積が大きくなり、電極と電解液との間でのリチウムイオンの拡散をより速くすることができ、その結果、電池の出力性能を向上させることができる。
上記結着剤としては、電極製造時に使用する溶媒や電解液に対して安全な材料であれば、任意のものを使用することができ、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム、イソプレンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン-メタクリル酸共重合体等が挙げられる。
上記結着剤としては、上述した、正極に用いることができる結着剤と同様のものが挙げられる。
上記増粘剤としては、上述した、正極に用いることができる増粘剤と同様のものが挙げられる。
上記セパレータの材質や形状は、電解液に安定であり、かつ、保液性に優れていれば特に限定されず、公知のものを使用することができる。
なかでも、上記セパレータは、電解液の浸透性やシャットダウン効果が良好である点で、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィンを原料とする多孔性シート又は不織布等であることが好ましい。そのようなセパレータとしては、例えば、微孔性ポリエチレンフィルム、微孔性ポリプロピレンフィルム、微孔性エチレン-プロピレンコポリマーフィルム、微孔性ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン2層フィルム、微孔性ポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン3層フィルムなどがあげられる。
(IA):
(IIA):LiPF6
(IIB):LiN(CF3SO2)2
(IIC):LiN(C2F5SO2)2
(IID):LiBF4
(IIIA):エチレンカーボネート
(IIIB):プロピレンカーボネート
(IVA):ジメチルカーボネート
(IVB):エチルメチルカーボネート
(IVC):ジエチルカーボネート
(VA):メタンスルホン酸プロピル
(VB):ブタンスルホン酸ブチル
(VC):プロピルスルホニルブタン
(VD):スルホラン
成分(III)としてエチレンカーボネート(IIIA)、成分(IV)としてジメチルカーボネート(IVA)、成分(I)として(IA)を、30/67/3(体積%)となるように混合し、この非水電解液用溶媒にさらに電解質塩(II)としてLiPF6(IIA)を1.0モル/リットルの濃度となるように加え、25℃にて充分に撹拌し本発明の非水電解液を調製した。
成分(II)、成分(III)、成分(IV)、成分(I)として表1に示す種類と量を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により非水電解液を調製した。
成分(II)、成分(III)、成分(IV)、成分(I)として表2に示す種類と量を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製した。
成分(II)、成分(IV)、成分(III)として表3に示す種類と量を用い、かつ、成分(I)を配合しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製した。
成分(II)、成分(IV)、成分(III)、成分(V)として表3に示す種類と量を用い、かつ、成分(I)を配合しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製した。
以下の方法で円筒型二次電池を作製した。
充放電電流をCで表示した場合、1800mAを1Cとして以下の充放電測定条件で測定を行った。評価は、比較例1の放電容量の結果を100とした指数で行う。
充電:1.0C、4.5Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまでを保持(CC・CV充電)
放電:1C 3.0Vcut(CC放電)
充電については、1.0Cで4.5Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し0.2C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電し、放電容量を求めた。その後、1.0Cで4.5Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し85℃の恒温槽に二日間入れた。二日後、室温に冷えるまで十分に置き、0.2相当の電流で3.0Vになるまで放電した。その後、1.0Cで4.5Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し、0.2相当の電流で3.0Vになるまで放電し貯蔵後の放電容量を求めた。貯蔵前の放電容量と、貯蔵後充電し0.2Cで放電させた放電容量を、つぎの計算式に代入して高温貯蔵特性を求めた。
サイクル特性については、上記の充放電条件(1.0Cで4.5Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し1C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電する)で行う充放電サイクルを1サイクルとし、最初のサイクル後の放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量を測定した。サイクル特性は、つぎの計算式で求められた値をサイクル維持率の値とした。
10Lの四つ口フラスコに還流管と滴下ロートを設置し反応装置を準備した。その後、氷浴下でHCF2CF2CH2OH(445.35g;3.37モル)とピリジン(306.31g;3.88モル)を加え攪拌した。その後、滴下ロートを用いてメタンスルホン酸クロリド(364.15g;3.20モル)を発熱に注意して滴下した。反応溶液が次第にピリジン塩酸塩の生成とともに乳白色へと変化した。終了後、反応溶液を1N HCl水溶液で洗浄した。洗浄後分液した有機層を採取した。
10Lの四つ口フラスコに還流管と滴下ロートを設置し反応装置を準備した。その後、氷浴下でHCF2CF2CH2OH(445.35g;3.37モル)とピリジン(306.31g;3.88モル)を加え攪拌した。その後、滴下ロートを用いてエタンスルホン酸クロリド(411.4g;3.20モル)を発熱に注意して滴下した。反応溶液が次第にピリジン塩酸塩の生成とともに乳白色へと変化した。終了後、反応溶液を1N HCl水溶液で洗浄した。洗浄後分液した有機層を採取した。
10Lの四つ口フラスコに還流管と滴下ロートを設置し反応装置を準備した。その後、氷浴下でCF3CH2OH(337.1g;3.37モル)とピリジン(306.31g;3.88モル)を加え攪拌した。その後、滴下ロートを用いてメタンスルホン酸クロリド(364.15g;3.20モル)を発熱に注意して滴下した。反応溶液が次第にピリジン塩酸塩の生成とともに乳白色へと変化した。終了後、反応溶液を1N HCl水溶液で洗浄した。洗浄後分液した有機層を採取した。
10Lの四つ口フラスコに還流管と滴下ロートを設置し反応装置を準備した。その後、氷浴下でCF3CH2OH(337.1g;3.37モル)とピリジン(306.31g;3.88モル)を加え攪拌した。その後、滴下ロートを用いてエタンスルホン酸クロリド(364.15g;3.20モル)を発熱に注意して滴下した。反応溶液が次第にピリジン塩酸塩の生成とともに乳白色へと変化した。終了後、反応溶液を1N HCl水溶液で洗浄した。洗浄後分液した有機層を採取した。
乾燥アルゴン雰囲気下、エチレンカーボネート及びエチルメチルカーボネートの混合物(容量比3:7)97重量部に、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3 3重量部を添加し、次いで十分に乾燥したLiPF6を1モル/リットルの割合となるように溶解して電解液とした。
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2とカーボンブラックとポリフッ化ビニリデン(呉羽化学(株)製、商品名KF-7200)を92/3/5(質量%)で混合した正極活物質をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散してスラリー状とした正極合剤スラリーを準備した。アルミ集電体上に、得られた正極合剤スラリーを均一に塗布し、乾燥して正極合剤層(厚さ50μm)を形成した。その後、ローラプレス機により圧縮成形して、正極積層体を製造した。
コイン型リチウムイオン二次電池について、つぎの要領で高電圧でのサイクル特性と高温保存特性を調べた。
充電:0.5C、4.3Vにて充電電流が1/10Cになるまでを保持(CC・CV充電)
放電:0.5C 3.0Vcut(CC放電)
サイクル特性については、上記の充放電条件(1.0Cで所定の電圧にて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し1C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電する)で行う充放電サイクルを1サイクルとし、5サイクル後の放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量を測定する。サイクル特性は、つぎの計算式で求められた値を容量維持率の値とする。
高温保存特性については上記の充放電条件(1.0Cで所定の電圧にて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し1C相当の電流で3.0Vまで放電する)により充放電を行い、放電容量を調べた。その後、再度上記の充電条件で充電をし、85℃の恒温槽の中に1日保存した。保存後の電池を25℃において、上記の放電条件で放電終止電圧3Vまで放電させて残存容量を測定し、さらに上記の充電条件で充電した後、上記の放電条件での定電流で、放電終止電圧3Vまで放電を行って回復容量を測定した。保存前の放電容量を100とした場合の回復容量を表8に示す。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留BのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留EのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留HのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留LのCF3CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留KのCF3CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留AのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3にHCF2CF2CH2OH(化合物(A-1))を10000ppmの割合で添加したものにした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3にCH3SO3H(化合物(B-1))を10000ppmの割合で添加したものにした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留DのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を、精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にCH3CH2SO3H(化合物(B-2))を10000ppmの割合で添加したものにした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留GのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を、精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にCF3CH2OH(化合物(A-2))を10000ppmの割合で添加したものにした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留JのCF3CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例15と同様にして電池を作製し試験を行った。
攪拌翼の付いた縦型の混合槽を用いて、これにまずエチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを体積比がEC/EMC=3/7となるよう混合し、これに、LiPF6が1.0モル/リットル、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3が1×10-5mol/kg、及び、添加剤として、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオールとポリエチレンオキシドジオールとの混合物(混合比1:1(モル比)、重量平均分子量2000)が2.5×10-5mol/kgとなるようにそれぞれ添加して混合し、非水電解液を得た。得られた非水電解液を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様に、コイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、高電圧でのサイクル特性及び高温保存特性を評価した。容量維持率は92.5%であり、回復容量は91.0であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例31と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は91.0%であり、回復容量は91.5であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例31と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は92.4%であり、回復容量は93.3であった。
攪拌翼の付いた縦型の混合槽を用いて、これにまずエチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とを体積比がEC/DEC=3/7となるよう混合し、これに、LiPF6が1.0モル/リットル、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3が1×10-5mol/kg、及び、添加剤として、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオールとポリエチレンオキシドジオールとの混合物(混合比1:1(モル比)、重量平均分子量2000)が2.5×10-5mol/kgとなるようにそれぞれ添加して混合し、非水電解液を得た。得られた非水電解液を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様に、コイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、高電圧でのサイクル特性及び高温保存特性を評価した。容量維持率は90.5%であり、回復容量は91.4であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例34と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は93.1%であり、回復容量は92.5であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例34と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は91.7%であり、回復容量は92.3であった。
攪拌翼の付いた縦型の混合槽を用いて、これにまずエチレンカーボネート(EC)とプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを体積比がEC/PC/EMC=2/1/7となるよう混合し、これに、LiPF6が1.0モル/リットル、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3が1×10-5mol/kg、及び、添加剤として、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオールとポリエチレンオキシドジオールとの混合物(混合比1:1(モル比)、重量平均分子量2000)が2.5×10-5mol/kgとなるようにそれぞれ添加して混合し、非水電解液を得た。得られた非水電解液を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様に、コイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、高電圧でのサイクル特性及び高温保存特性を評価した。容量維持率は92.4%であり、回復容量は91.5であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例37と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は93.4%であり、回復容量は91.5であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例37と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は90.7%であり、回復容量は90.4であった。
攪拌翼の付いた縦型の混合槽を用いて、これにまずエチレンカーボネート(EC)とプロピレンカーボネート(PC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とを体積比がEC/PC/DEC=2/1/7となるよう混合し、これに、LiPF6が1.0モル/リットル、精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3が1×10-5mol/kg、及び、添加剤として、ポリエチレンオキシドモノオールとポリエチレンオキシドジオールとの混合物(混合比1:1(モル比)、重量平均分子量2000)が2.5×10-5mol/kgとなるようにそれぞれ添加して混合し、非水電解液を得た。得られた非水電解液を用いる以外は、実施例15と同様に、コイン型のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、高電圧でのサイクル特性及び高温保存特性を評価した。容量維持率は91.2%であり、回復容量は92.4であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留FのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH2CH3にした以外は実施例40と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は93.5%であり、回復容量は92.0であった。
精留CのHCF2CF2CH2OSO2CH3を精留IのCF3CH2OSO2CH3にした以外は実施例40と同様にして電池を作製し評価試験を行った。容量維持率は91.0%であり、回復容量は90.7であった。
Claims (12)
- (I)フッ素化鎖状スルホン、及び、フッ素化鎖状スルホン酸エステルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物、及び、
(II)電解質塩
を含むことを特徴とする非水電解液。 - さらに、
(III)非フッ素環状カーボネート、及び、
(IV)非フッ素鎖状カーボネート
を含む請求項1又は2記載の非水電解液。 - フッ素化鎖状スルホン及びフッ素化鎖状スルホン酸エステルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物(I)、非フッ素環状カーボネート(III)、及び、非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(IV)を含み、(III)と(IV)と(I)の合計を100体積%としたときに、(III)が5~50体積%、(IV)が44.9~94.9体積%、及び、(I)が0.1~20体積%である非水電解液用溶媒。
- 請求項4記載の非水電解液用溶媒、及び、電解質塩(II)を含む非水電解液。
- 非フッ素環状カーボネート(III)が、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、及び、ブチレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項3、又は、5記載の非水電解液。
- 非フッ素鎖状カーボネート(IV)が、ジメチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、及び、ジエチルカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項3、5、又は、6記載の非水電解液。
- 電解質塩(II)は、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2、LiN(C2F5SO2)2、リチウムジフルオロ(オキサレート)ボレート、リチウムビス(オキサレート)ボレート、及び、式:LiPFa(CnF2n+1)6-a(式中、aは0~5の整数であり、nは1~6の整数である)で表される塩からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である請求項1、2、3、5、6、又は、7記載の非水電解液。
- リチウムイオン二次電池用である請求項1、2、3、5、6、7、又は、8記載の非水電解液。
- 請求項1、2、3、5、6、7、8、又は、9記載の非水電解液を備えるリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項10記載のリチウムイオン二次電池を備えるモジュール。
- 請求項1、2、3、5、6、7、8、又は、9記載の非水電解液を備える電気二重層キャパシタ。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20130224606A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
EP2631980B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
KR20130092597A (ko) | 2013-08-20 |
JP5436512B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
CN103222102B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
EP2631980A4 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2012216490A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
EP2631980A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
JP2012216499A (ja) | 2012-11-08 |
JP2014007161A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
KR101556045B1 (ko) | 2015-09-25 |
US9397368B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
CN103222102A (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
TW201232873A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
JP5733358B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
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