WO2012053198A1 - ホログラフィックメモリ再生装置およびホログラフィックメモリの再生方法、復調装置および復調方法、ならびに観測装置および観測方法 - Google Patents
ホログラフィックメモリ再生装置およびホログラフィックメモリの再生方法、復調装置および復調方法、ならびに観測装置および観測方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reproducing device and a reproducing method for a holographic memory.
- the present invention also relates to a demodulating apparatus and demodulating method for a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal.
- the present invention also relates to an observation apparatus and an observation method for light intensity distribution and optical phase distribution.
- optical memory has been developed mainly for optical disks of two-dimensional recording system such as CD, DVD and Blu-ray disc.
- the optical memory of the two-dimensional recording system has already reached the diffraction limit, and it is difficult to increase the capacity beyond this.
- development of an optical memory of a three-dimensional recording system has been actively conducted. If the three-dimensional recording method is adopted, there is a possibility that the recording capacity can be increased 100 to 1000 times or more than that of the two-dimensional recording method. Theoretically, a 100 TB class optical disk memory can be realized.
- the near-field light recording method is a recording method using “near-field light” which is light having a wavelength equal to or smaller than the wavelength of light. Near-field optical recording is basically a two-dimensional recording technique, but there is a possibility that high-density recording exceeding the diffraction limit can be realized by using near-field light.
- the two-photon absorption memory is a three-dimensional recording type optical memory that can access a recording medium three-dimensionally by utilizing the intensity dependency of the nonlinear effect.
- 3) a holographic memory can perform three-dimensional recording without multi-layering a recording medium by multiplex recording a hologram generated by interference between signal light and reference light. It is an optical memory that can be used.
- All of the optical memories 1) to 3) have achieved a recording capacity of about 500 GB to 1 TB at present. Therefore, from the viewpoint of recording capacity, there is no significant difference between the optical memories 1) to 3).
- a holographic memory having a spatially two-dimensional massively parallel input / output function has a great advantage.
- a spatial light modulator Spatial Light Modulator; hereinafter abbreviated as “SLM”
- SLM Spatial Light Modulator
- Holographic memory is expected to be put to practical use as a next-generation optical memory because it can realize both high-density recording and high data transfer rate.
- the recording capacity of the currently developed holographic memory is about 600 GB to 1 TB / disk (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). Since the recording capacity of one side of one platter of HDD (3.5 inch, storage capacity 2 TB) is 333 GB, the holographic memory is in terms of recording capacity compared to a magnetic recording medium in practical use. There is an advantage of about 2 to 3 times. The holographic memory is theoretically considered to be able to expand the recording capacity up to 10 to 100 times.
- phase modulation type holographic memory cannot detect the phase modulation signal directly by the photodetector, and therefore has a problem that it must be detected after converting the phase modulation signal into an intensity signal by some method. there were.
- the intensity modulation method is the most common modulation method, and many examples have been reported so far (see, for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Many of the recording methods used use binary (0 and 1) intensity modulation.
- intensity modulation has the advantage that a system can be constructed with a simple optical system, the difference in exposure intensity between the central and peripheral areas of the laser light irradiation area increases, greatly consuming the dynamic range of the recording medium. Therefore, there is a problem that the recording efficiency is poor.
- a modulation code that expresses data by dispersing binary information into a plurality of pixels called blocks and coding them, and illuminating only some of the pixels in the block.
- the modulation code By using the modulation code in this way, errors due to inter-pixel crosstalk can be reduced.
- efficient recording can be performed by reducing the exposure intensity difference between the center and the periphery of the laser light irradiation area and increasing the number of multiple recordings (for example, non-recording).
- the code rate defined by “(number of recording bits per block) / (number of pixels per block)” is less than 1. This means that the recording capacity per block when the modulation code is used is in principle lower than the recording capacity when the modulation code is not used.
- a method of recording a plurality of information per pixel that is, a code rate exceeding 1 is required.
- a code rate exceeding 1 it is necessary to use a multilevel signal exceeding 0 and 1 binary values.
- a multi-level signal can be realized by dividing the light intensity into several stages, and thereby the code rate can be dramatically improved.
- the signal-to-noise ratio of the reproduction light greatly deteriorates due to an increase in the multi-value number (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 7).
- the phase modulation method is a method of performing modulation using the phase of a light wave, and has recently attracted attention. For example, in the phase modulation method, when the phase of the light wave of a certain pixel is 0, the information is expressed with the phase of the light wave of another pixel being ⁇ .
- phase modulation method When the number of 0 and ⁇ pixels is the same among the pixels included in the two-dimensional page data generated by the spatial light modulator (SLM), the difference in exposure intensity between the center and the periphery of the laser light irradiation area Therefore, useless consumption of the dynamic range of the recording medium can be suppressed. This point greatly contributes to an increase in the number of multiplexed recordings.
- a photoelectric conversion device such as a CCD has sensitivity only to the intensity of light, phase information cannot be directly detected. Therefore, in order to detect the phase information, the phase must be converted into intensity before light detection is performed. This is a major problem with the phase modulation method.
- Non-Patent Document 4 proposes an edge-detection method as a phase detection method used for a holographic memory.
- the edge detection method is a technique that makes good use of the features of the phase modulation holographic memory.
- the phase modulation type holographic memory since the intensity (DC component) at the center of the Fourier transform image is lost, reproduction is performed only with other AC components. This means that the intensity of the boundary portion between 0 and ⁇ pixels in the reproduced image (real space distribution) is enhanced. In other words, the phase of all the pixels can be determined by following a boundary where the intensity is emphasized with respect to a certain known pixel. While this method has the advantage of being able to implement a phase modulation holographic memory with an optical system that is no different from an intensity modulation holographic memory, it is not suitable for detecting a multilevel phase modulation signal. Have.
- Non-Patent Document 8 proposes a phase detection method using a birefringent medium.
- the reproduction light is circularly polarized using a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate and then passed through a birefringent medium.
- the slightly shifted reproduction lights interfere with each other, and an intensity pattern is obtained.
- the phase information can be discarded from the obtained intensity pattern.
- This method has been found to have a high resistance to misalignment by experiments in the literature, and is very attractive for phase detection that is sensitive to misalignment.
- this method also has problems that it is difficult to detect a multilevel signal, and that a highly accurate design of the birefringent medium is required.
- Non-Patent Document 9 proposes an optical phase-locked collinear hologram as a phase-modulation holographic memory specialized for a collinear optical system that is attracting attention as a one-beam recording method.
- This method reads recorded phase information as intensity information by simultaneously irradiating the recorded hologram with phase-locked light with a known phase in addition to normal collinear reference light when reproducing the collinear hologram. It is.
- the phase-locked light passes through the recording hologram, the phase distribution is affected by propagation in the hologram having a phase diffraction grating. This can cause a phase error on the detection surface.
- the conventional intensity-modulated holographic memory has a large exposure intensity difference between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the laser light irradiation region, and consumes a large dynamic range of the recording medium.
- the efficiency of multiple recording is poor.
- the above problem can be avoided, but there is a problem that the recording capacity is reduced because the code rate per block is lowered.
- phase modulation holographic memory can solve these problems.
- the phase modulation type holographic memory has a problem that in order to detect phase information, it is necessary to convert the phase into intensity before performing light detection.
- the intensity modulation type holographic memory has problems of accuracy and noise of the detection system as in the case of the intensity modulation type holographic memory.
- a phase modulation holographic memory having a large multilevel number has not been realized.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a reproducing device and a reproducing method for a holographic memory capable of accurately reproducing multi-level phase information without being affected by noise.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a demodulating device and a demodulating method for a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal capable of accurately demodulating multilevel phase information without being affected by noise. That is.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a light intensity distribution and light phase distribution observation apparatus and method that can observe light intensity distribution and light phase distribution in transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target in real time. Is to provide.
- the inventor generates a second hologram from the diffracted light of the hologram (first hologram) recorded in the holographic memory and the reference light, thereby increasing the phase modulation signal recorded in the holographic memory.
- the present inventors have found that it can be demodulated with high accuracy, and have further studied to complete the present invention.
- a hologram diffracted light generator that irradiates the holographic memory to generate diffracted light of the first hologram; and changes the phase of the second reference light that can interfere with the diffracted light of the first hologram;
- a hologram generation unit that generates a second hologram from the diffracted light of the first hologram and the second reference light whose phase has been changed; a detection unit that detects an intensity distribution of the second hologram;
- a processing unit that demodulates the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal based on an intensity distribution.
- the holographic memory reproducing device described in any one of the above.
- the hologram generation unit includes a variable phase shifter that changes the phase of the second reference light, and the diffracted light of the first hologram is incident on the first surface, and the phase is shifted by the variable phase shifter.
- the laser light source emits linearly polarized laser light;
- the hologram generation unit includes a half-wave plate that rotates a polarization angle of the diffracted light of the first hologram by 45 degrees, and second reference light A ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate that converts the polarization state into circularly polarized light, and the diffracted light of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate is incident on the first surface thereof, and the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate A beam splitter in which the second reference light whose polarization state has been changed by the incident light is incident on the second surface, a part of the diffracted light of the first hologram reflected by the beam splitter, and the beam splitter.
- a first polarization beam splitter that receives a part of the transmitted second reference light, transmits one of a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component of the incident light, and reflects the other; and The transmitted first A part of the diffracted light of the hologram and a part of the second reference light reflected by the beam splitter, and transmits one of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light, and the other A holographic memory reproducing device according to [2].
- the laser light source emits linearly polarized laser light;
- the hologram generation unit includes a half-wave plate that rotates a polarization angle of diffracted light of the first hologram by 45 degrees, and second reference light A ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate that converts the polarization state into circularly polarized light, and the diffracted light of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate is incident on the first surface thereof, and the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate A beam splitter in which the second reference light whose polarization state has been changed by the incident light is incident on the second surface, a part of the diffracted light of the first hologram reflected by the beam splitter, and the beam splitter.
- a part of the transmitted second reference light is incident on the first surface, and a part of the diffracted light of the first hologram that is transmitted through the beam splitter and reflected by the beam splitter.
- Part of the second reference beam A holographic memory reproduction according to [2], further comprising: a polarization beam splitter that makes light incident on the second surface thereof, transmits one of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light, and reflects the other; apparatus.
- the laser light source emits linearly polarized laser light;
- the hologram generation unit includes a half-wave plate that rotates a polarization angle of diffracted light of the first hologram by 45 degrees, and second reference light A ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate that converts the polarization state into circularly polarized light, and the diffracted light of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate is incident on the first surface thereof, and the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate
- the second reference light whose polarization state has been changed by the first beam splitter incident on the second surface thereof, and a part of the diffracted light of the first hologram reflected by the first beam splitter.
- a first polarization beam splitter that transmits one of a horizontal polarization component and a vertical polarization component of light and a part of the second reference light that has passed through the first beam splitter, and reflects the other; and 1 which has passed through the beam splitter 1 Transmits one part of the diffracted light of the first hologram and the part of the second reference light reflected by the first beam splitter, one of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component, and reflects the other
- a second polarization beam splitter, a part of the diffracted light of the first hologram reflected by the first polarization beam splitter, a part of the light of the second reference light, and the first A part of the diffracted light of the first hologram and a part of the second reference light that have passed through the polarizing beam splitter are incident on the first surface and reflected by the second polarizing beam splitter.
- Light and the second reference A second beam splitter a part of the light of the light is incident on the second surface, a; holographic memory reproducing apparatus as set forth in [2].
- the laser light source emits linearly polarized laser light;
- the hologram generation unit includes a half-wave plate that rotates a polarization angle of diffracted light of the first hologram by 45 degrees, and second reference light A ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate that converts the polarization state into circularly polarized light, and the diffracted light of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate is incident on the first surface thereof, and the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate
- the second reference light whose polarization state has been changed by the beam splitter incident on the second surface thereof, the diffracted light of the first hologram reflected by the beam splitter, and the second beam transmitted through the beam splitter
- a polarization beam splitter that transmits one of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component of the incident light and reflects the other, and the holographic memory reproducing device according to [2].
- a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit that generates a signal light including a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal by spatial quadrature amplitude modulation of the laser light; a first hologram generated from the signal light and the reference light;
- the holographic memory reproducing device according to any one of [1] to [7], further including: a recording unit that records in the holographic memory.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit includes: a beam splitter into which the laser light is incident; a reflective first spatial light modulator that modulates the amplitude of the laser light reflected by the beam splitter; A reflective second spatial light modulator that modulates the amplitude of the laser light transmitted through the beam splitter; and an optical path length L I between the beam splitter and the first spatial light modulator And the optical path length L Q between the beam splitter and the second spatial light modulator satisfies the following formula (1):
- the holographic memory reproducing device according to [8]. (Where ⁇ is the wavelength of the laser beam.)
- the present invention also relates to a method for reproducing the following holographic memory.
- the present invention also relates to the following demodulation device.
- An input unit that receives signal light including a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal; a laser light source that emits laser light that can interfere with the signal light; and a phase of the laser light;
- a hologram generating unit that generates a hologram from the signal light and the laser light whose phase is changed; a detection unit that detects an intensity distribution of the hologram; and the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial orthogonality based on the intensity distribution
- a processor for demodulating the amplitude modulation signal; and a demodulator for a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal.
- the present invention also relates to the following demodulation method.
- receiving signal light including a spatial phase modulation signal or spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal emitting laser light that can interfere with the signal light; changing the phase of the laser light, and Generating a hologram from light and laser light having the phase changed; detecting an intensity distribution of the hologram; and calculating the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal based on the intensity distribution
- a method of demodulating a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is a method of demodulating a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal.
- the present invention also relates to the following observation apparatus.
- An input unit that inputs transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target; a laser light source that emits laser light that can interfere with the transmitted light or reflected light; and changing the phase of the laser light,
- a hologram generating unit that generates a hologram from the transmitted light or the reflected light and the laser light whose phase is changed; a detection unit that detects an intensity distribution of the hologram; and the transmitted light or the reflection based on the intensity distribution
- a light intensity distribution and light phase distribution observation device comprising: a processing unit that calculates a light intensity distribution and a light phase distribution in light.
- the present invention also relates to the following observation method.
- the holographic memory reproducing apparatus and reproducing method of the present invention multi-level phase information can be accurately reproduced without being affected by noise. Therefore, according to the holographic memory reproducing apparatus and reproducing method of the present invention, the holographic memory in which the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is recorded can be reproduced with high accuracy.
- the demodulating device and the demodulating method of the present invention it is possible to demodulate the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal with high accuracy without being affected by noise.
- the light intensity distribution and the optical phase distribution in the transmitted light or reflected light from the observation target can be observed in real time.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a structure of a space quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation part. It is a schematic diagram which shows another example of a structure of a space quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation part.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which a data page is recorded in the holographic memory using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which a data page is read from the holographic memory using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a peripheral portion of the third beam splitter in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of a holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of a holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to a fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing still another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of a holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to a sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the sixth embodiment.
- the schematic diagram which shows a mode that it records and reproduces by a collinear holography method.
- FIG. 17A is a diagram showing a pattern of the spatial light modulator when recording is performed by the collinear holography method
- FIG. 17B is a diagram showing a pattern of the spatial light modulator when reproducing is performed by the collinear holography method.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of this invention used for the simulation in Example 1,2.
- 2 is a diagram of an 8-level spatial phase modulation signal (8-SPM) used in Example 1.
- FIG. 20A is a diagram showing an original data page
- FIG. 20B is a diagram showing a demodulated data page. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of the 2nd hologram of data page # 1. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of the 2nd hologram of data page # 2. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of the 2nd hologram of data page # 3. It is a histogram which shows the phase information which data page # 1 after a demodulation has.
- 10 is a diagram of an 8-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (8-SQAM) used in Example 2.
- FIG. FIG. 26A is a diagram showing amplitude information of the original data page
- FIG. 26B is a diagram showing phase information of the original data page.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing data obtained by performing threshold processing on the data shown in FIG. 29. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of this invention used in Example 3.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of a 6-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (8-SQAM) used in Examples 3 and 4.
- FIG. 33A is a diagram showing the logical value of the original data page, and FIG.
- 33B is a diagram showing the physical value of the original data page. It is a figure which shows a collinear ring pattern. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of a 2nd hologram. It is a figure which shows the data page demodulated from the signal strength distribution shown by FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the demodulation apparatus of this invention used in Example 4.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the logical value of an original data page. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of a 2nd hologram.
- 40A is a diagram showing data restored in units of CCD pixel points from the signal intensity distribution shown in FIG. 39
- FIG. 40B is data obtained by averaging and thresholding the data shown in FIG. 39A.
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the observation apparatus of this invention used in Example 5.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of a 2nd hologram. It is a figure which shows the data decompress
- FIG. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of a 2nd hologram. It is a figure which shows the data decompress
- FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the observation apparatus of this invention used in Example 6.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows signal intensity distribution of a 2nd hologram. It is a figure which shows the data decompress
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing data restored in units of CCD pixel points from the four signal intensity distributions shown in FIG. 52.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing data restored in CCD pixel point units from the two signal intensity distributions shown in FIG. 53.
- the holographic memory reproducing device of the present invention is a holographic memory reproducing device in which a first hologram generated from signal light including a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal and reference light is recorded.
- the “spatial phase modulation signal” refers to a signal modulated by spatial phase modulation (SPM).
- SPM spatial phase modulation
- a “spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal” refers to a signal modulated by spatial quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM).
- Phase modulation (hereinafter abbreviated as“ PM ”)” is a phase modulation, phase shift modulation (PSM) or phase shift used in the field of communication technology such as wireless communication and optical communication. This is a modulation method by keying (Phase Shift Keying; PSK).
- PSK Phase Shift Keying
- the PM transmits information by changing the phase of the carrier wave.
- signal light whose phase is changed is recorded in the same manner as PM used in the field of communication technology.
- the signal is modulated in a two-dimensional spatial axis direction (x, y), and this is recorded and reproduced as a data page.
- phase modulation used in the present invention
- spatial phase modulation used in the field of communication technology
- SPM spatial phase modulation
- SPM includes the concept of phase modulation and multi-level phase modulation used in the optical memory field.
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (hereinafter abbreviated as “QAM”) is used in the field of communication technologies such as wireless communication and optical communication, and is used for amplitude modulation (AM) and phase modulation (Phase Modulation). PM) in combination.
- QAM can transmit a plurality of information at a time by changing both amplitude and phase elements.
- a signal in which both amplitude and phase elements are changed is recorded, similarly to QAM used in the field of communication technology.
- the signal is modulated in a two-dimensional spatial axis direction (x, y), and this is recorded and reproduced as a data page.
- the holographic memory reproducing device of the present invention includes a laser light source, a hologram diffracted light generation unit, a hologram generation unit, a detection unit, and a processing unit.
- the laser light source is a light source of reference light (first reference light and second reference light) used when reproducing a data page from the holographic memory.
- the first reference light is reference light that is applied to the holographic memory in which the first hologram is recorded.
- the first reference light may be any laser light that satisfies the Bragg condition for the first hologram.
- the Bragg condition is satisfied if light having the same wavelength as that of the reference light used for recording the first hologram is irradiated from the same angle.
- the wavelength and irradiation angle of the first reference light are not limited thereto.
- the diffracted light of the first hologram is generated by irradiating the holographic memory with the first reference light in the hologram diffracted light generating unit.
- the second reference beam is a laser beam that can interfere with the diffracted beam of the first hologram. That is, the second reference light is laser light having the same wavelength as that of the first reference light.
- the second hologram is generated by mixing the diffracted light of the first hologram and the second reference light in the hologram generation unit.
- the second reference light is not applied to the holographic memory. That is, the second reference light is mixed with the diffracted light of the first hologram without passing through the holographic memory.
- the laser light source for the first reference light and the laser light source for the second reference light may be the same light source or different light sources.
- a laser light separation unit is provided to convert the laser light emitted from the laser light source into the first reference light and the second reference light. What is necessary is just to isolate
- the hologram diffracted light generation unit irradiates the holographic memory with the first reference light to generate diffracted light of the first hologram.
- the hologram generation unit changes the phase of the second reference light. For example, the hologram generation unit changes the phase of the second reference light to 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , 3 ⁇ / 4.
- the hologram generation unit generates a second hologram from the diffracted light of the first hologram generated by the hologram diffracted light generation unit and the second reference light whose phase is changed. . For example, when the phase of the second reference light is changed four times, four second holograms are generated.
- the number for changing the phase of the second reference light may be the same as the multi-level number of phase modulation, but need not be the same.
- the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is demodulated by changing the phase of the second reference light at least three times regardless of the multi-level number of phase modulation. be able to. By increasing the number of second holograms to be generated, measurement errors can be reduced.
- the beam diameter of the second reference light is not particularly limited as long as it is equal to or larger than the beam diameter of the diffracted light of the first hologram.
- the second reference light is preferably a plane wave.
- the means by which the hologram generator changes the phase of the second reference light is not particularly limited.
- the phase of the second reference light may be changed using a variable phase shifter (see Embodiment 1).
- the phase of the second reference light may be changed by adjusting the interval between the beam splitters constituting the optical system of the hologram generation unit (see Embodiment 2).
- the phase of the second reference light may be changed by using a combination of a half-wave plate, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate, and a polarization beam splitter (see Embodiments 3 to 5).
- the detecting unit detects the intensity distribution of all the second holograms generated by the hologram generating unit.
- the detection unit is an optical image detector (imaging device) such as a CCD or a CMOS.
- imaging device such as a CCD or a CMOS.
- the number of pixels that can be detected by the detection unit at a time needs to be equal to or greater than the number of pixels in the data page (two-dimensional data) recorded in the first hologram.
- the processing unit demodulates the phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal based on the intensity distribution of the second hologram detected by the detection unit.
- the processing unit is a computer connected to the detection unit.
- the existing optical image detector (imaging device) can detect the intensity, but cannot detect the phase. Therefore, in the holographic memory reproducing device of the present invention, a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is obtained from the intensity patterns (combinations) of a plurality of second holograms obtained by changing the phase of the second reference light. The phase information contained in is read.
- the second reference light Assume that four second holograms are generated with phases of 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2.
- the second hologram is obtained from the diffracted light of the second first hologram and the second reference light in which information of phase ⁇ ′ (different from phase ⁇ ) is recorded.
- phase information contained in the diffracted light of the first hologram can be read out.
- a method of demodulating the spatial phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal from the intensity distribution of the second hologram will be described in detail in each embodiment described later.
- the quaternary phase can be distinguished, but more phases can be obtained by changing the phase of the second reference light more finely or making the intensity detection step finer in the detection unit.
- the value can be distinguished.
- the holographic memory reproducing device of the present invention is a holographic memory recording device that further includes a spatial phase modulation signal light generation unit or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit, and a recording unit. It may be a playback device.
- the spatial phase modulation signal light generation unit generates a signal light including a phase modulation signal by spatial phase modulation of the laser light.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit generates signal light including a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal by performing spatial quadrature amplitude modulation on the laser light.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit performs spatial quadrature amplitude modulation using a spatial light modulator that performs amplitude modulation and a spatial light modulator that performs phase modulation.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit can perform spatial quadrature amplitude modulation using only a spatial light modulator that performs amplitude modulation.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generator includes a beam splitter on which laser light is incident, a reflective first spatial light modulator that modulates the amplitude of the laser light reflected by the beam splitter, and a beam splitter.
- a reflection-type second spatial light modulator that modulates the amplitude of the transmitted laser light, the optical path length L I between the beam splitter and the first spatial light modulator, and the beam splitter and the second optical path length L Q between the spatial light modulator is adjusted so as to satisfy a predetermined condition (see the first embodiment).
- the recording unit records, in the holographic memory, the first hologram generated from the signal light generated by the spatial phase modulation signal light generation unit or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit and the reference light.
- the laser light source emits laser light.
- the first laser light source emits the first reference light
- the second laser light source emits the second reference light.
- the laser light emitted from the laser light source is separated into the first reference light and the second reference light in the laser light separation unit.
- the first reference light is applied to the holographic memory in the hologram diffracted light generation unit. Thereby, the diffracted light of the first hologram is generated from the holographic memory.
- the steps up to here are the same as those of the conventional holographic memory reproducing method except that the second reference light is separated by the laser beam separation unit.
- the diffracted light of the first hologram is mixed with the second reference light in the hologram generator.
- the hologram generation unit changes the phase of the second reference light in accordance with the multilevel number of phase modulation.
- the detection unit detects the intensity distribution of the second hologram and transmits it to the processing unit.
- the processing unit demodulates the phase modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal based on the intensity distribution of the second hologram sent from the detection unit.
- the second hologram is generated from the diffracted light of the hologram (first hologram) recorded in the holographic memory and the second reference light.
- the phase modulation signal is demodulated using the intensity distribution of the second hologram.
- the holographic memory reproducing apparatus of the present invention can demodulate a binary or multi-level amplitude modulation signal, a binary or multi-level phase modulation signal, or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal combining amplitude modulation and phase modulation. .
- the reproducing apparatus and reproducing method of the holographic memory of the present invention do not necessarily need to detect the intensity distribution of the second hologram immediately, and an optical hologram may be once formed as the second hologram.
- the detection unit reproduces the second hologram, which is an optical hologram, and the intensity distribution of the hologram (same as the second hologram) generated from the obtained diffracted light and the second reference light. To detect.
- a hologram recording method suitable for increasing the capacity is selected for the first hologram, and suitable for increasing the capacity for the second hologram. Even if it is not, a hologram recording method capable of highly accurate detection may be selected.
- a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal can be demodulated. That is, an apparatus having a hologram generation unit, a detection unit, and a processing unit can be used as a demodulation device for a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (see Example 4).
- the demodulation device of the present invention includes an input unit that receives signal light including a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal, a laser light source that emits laser light that can interfere with the signal light, A hologram generating unit that changes a phase and generates a hologram from the signal light and the laser light whose phase is changed, a detection unit that detects an intensity distribution of the hologram, and the spatial phase based on the intensity distribution A processing unit that demodulates the modulation signal or the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal.
- signal light including a spatial phase modulation signal or a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- a laser light source that emits laser light that can interfere with the signal light
- a hologram generating unit that changes a phase and generates a hologram from the signal light and the laser light whose phase is changed
- a detection unit that detects an intensity distribution of the hologram
- the spatial phase based on the intensity distribution
- a processing unit
- the demodulating device of the present invention can demodulate the spatial phase modulation signal and the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal by the same procedure as the holographic memory reproducing device of the present invention.
- the hologram generation unit, the detection unit, and the processing unit are used, it is possible to observe a two-dimensional distribution of intensity and phase in transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target. That is, an apparatus having a hologram generation unit, a detection unit, and a processing unit can be used as an observation device for light intensity distribution and optical phase distribution in transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target (see Examples 5 and 6).
- the kind of observation object is not specifically limited, For example, it is a biological sample.
- the observation apparatus of the present invention includes an input unit that inputs transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target, a laser light source that emits laser light that can interfere with the transmitted light or reflected light, and the phase of the laser light. Based on the intensity distribution, a hologram generation unit that generates a hologram from the transmitted light or the reflected light and the laser light whose phase has been changed, a detection unit that detects the intensity distribution of the hologram, and And a processing unit that calculates a light intensity distribution and an optical phase distribution in the transmitted light or the reflected light.
- the observation apparatus of the present invention inputs transmitted light or reflected light from the observation object instead of the diffracted light of the first hologram. That is, the observation apparatus of the present invention irradiates the observation target with light (corresponding to the first reference light) instead of the holographic memory, and transmits the transmitted light or the reflected light from the observation target as described in the above “spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal”. To calculate the light intensity distribution and the light phase distribution in the transmitted light or the reflected light.
- a data page (two-dimensional data) is recorded in a holographic memory using signal light (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) generated by using both amplitude modulation and phase modulation, and this holographic memory is recorded.
- signal light spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light
- a holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus capable of reproducing a data page recorded from a graphic memory will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 100 of Embodiment 1 includes a laser light source 105, a first beam splitter 110, a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generator 115, a first lens 120, a first lens 120, and a first lens 120.
- a laser light source 105 a laser light source 105
- a first beam splitter 110
- a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generator 115 a first lens 120, a first lens 120, and a first lens 120.
- 1 mirror 125, second beam splitter 130, optical shutter 135, second lens 140, variable phase shifter 145, second mirror 150, third beam splitter 155, CCD 160, and processing unit (not shown).
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 100 records a data page (first hologram) in a holographic memory (recording medium) 165 disposed between the first lens 120 and the second lens 140.
- the data page is reproduced from the holographic memory 165.
- the holographic memory 165 can be detached from the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 100, and can be used as a removable memory such as a CD or a DVD.
- the laser light source 105 is used for reproducing the data page from the signal light and the reference light (first reference light) used when recording the data page (first hologram) in the holographic memory, and from the holographic memory.
- the reference light (first reference light and second reference light) is a light source.
- the first beam splitter 110 separates the laser light emitted from the laser light source 105 into signal light and reference light (first reference light and second reference light).
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 changes the amplitude (intensity) and phase of the signal light separated by the first beam splitter 110 when recording the data page in the holographic memory, and thereby the spatial quadrature amplitude.
- a modulation signal is generated. That is, the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 causes the signal light to carry a data page (two-dimensional data) by spatial quadrature amplitude modulation (SQAM).
- SQAM spatial quadrature amplitude modulation
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 includes a spatial light modulator (SLM1) that performs amplitude modulation and a spatial light modulator (SLM2) that performs phase modulation, as shown in FIG.
- the spatial light modulator can electrically control the spatial distribution of the amplitude A (x, y) and phase exp ⁇ i ⁇ (x, y) ⁇ of a two-dimensional optical signal (image or the like).
- the spatial light modulator include LCD (transmissive liquid crystal), LCOS (transmissive liquid crystal), DMD (digital mirror device), and the like. If only amplitude modulation or phase modulation is performed, a single spatial light modulator (SLM) may be used.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 uses a Michelson interferometer to modulate the intensity of the I signal and the Q signal independently (in parallel) and then mix them. There may be.
- the I signal and the Q signal are intensity signals represented by Expression (1).
- the two spatial light modulators (SLM1 and SLM2) shown in FIG. 3 are both reflective spatial light modulators that perform amplitude modulation.
- the I signal is amplitude-modulated by the first spatial light modulator (SLM1).
- the Q signal is amplitude-modulated by the second spatial light modulator (SLM2).
- SLM1 and SLM2 the two spatial light modulators
- the first lens 120 performs Fourier transform on the signal light (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) modulated by the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 and collects and irradiates a desired position in the holographic memory 165.
- the lens performs Fourier transform on the signal light (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) modulated by the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 and collects and irradiates a desired position in the holographic memory 165.
- the first mirror 125 is a mirror for causing the reference light (first reference light and second reference light) separated by the first beam splitter 110 to enter the second beam splitter 130.
- the second beam splitter 130 separates the reference light separated by the first beam splitter 110 into a first reference light and a second reference light. That is, the second beam splitter 130 functions as a “laser beam separator”.
- the optical shutter 135 blocks the second reference light separated by the second beam splitter 130.
- the second lens 140 is a lens equivalent to the first lens 120 and performs inverse Fourier transform on the diffracted light of the hologram (first hologram) recorded in the holographic memory 165.
- variable phase shifter 145 changes the phase of the second reference light separated by the second beam splitter 110.
- examples of the variable phase shifter 145 include a liquid crystal element and a piezoelectric element.
- the second mirror 150 is a mirror for causing the second reference light whose phase is changed by the variable phase shifter 145 to enter the third beam splitter 155.
- the third beam splitter 155 generates a second hologram from the diffracted light of the first hologram that has been inverse Fourier transformed by the second lens 140 and the second reference light whose phase has been changed by the variable phase shifter 145. Is generated.
- the variable phase shifter 145, the second mirror 150, and the third beam splitter 155 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the CCD 160 detects the intensity distribution of the second hologram.
- the detected intensity distribution is photoelectrically converted and sent to the processing unit.
- the CCD 160 functions as a “detection unit”.
- a processing unit processes the intensity distribution information of the second hologram that has been photoelectrically converted, and demodulates the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a data page (first hologram) is recorded in the holographic memory 165 using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 100.
- the second reference light 230 is blocked by the optical shutter 135.
- the signal light 210 spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115 and the first reference light 220 separated by the second beam splitter 110 are holographically combined.
- a predetermined position in the memory 165 is condensed and irradiated to record a hologram (first hologram).
- the multiplex recording method includes angle multiplex recording in which multiplex recording is performed by changing the incident angle of the first reference light 220, phase code multiplex recording in which multiplex recording is performed by changing the phase of the first reference light 220, and the like. It is.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing how a data page is read from the holographic memory 165 using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 100.
- the signal light 210 is blocked by the spatial light modulator (SLM) of the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 115.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- an optical shutter may be installed on the optical path of the signal light 210 to block the signal light 210.
- the optical shutter 135 on the optical path of the second reference light 230 is opened.
- the first reference light 220 is condensed and applied to a predetermined position of the holographic memory 165 to generate diffracted light 240 of the first hologram.
- the second hologram 250 is generated by causing the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the second reference light 230 to interfere with each other.
- the CCD 160 photoelectrically converts the intensity distribution I (x, y) of the second hologram 250 to restore the two-dimensional information.
- the phase of the second reference light 230 is changed by the variable phase shifter 145 to generate a plurality of second holograms, and electrically process a plurality of two-dimensional signal data obtained by photoelectric conversion.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal recorded in the holographic memory can be demodulated with high accuracy.
- the first method the phase phi 1 of the second reference beam 230, phi 2, by changing the ... phi N, a second hologram having different characteristics to produce N times.
- the phase of the second reference light when the intensity of the reproduction light of the second hologram is the highest is the phase information recorded in the first hologram.
- the optical shutter 135 shown in FIG. 5 is closed, the second hologram is not generated, and only the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is observed by the CCD 160, so that the phase component is automatically converted by photoelectric conversion. Therefore, the amplitude information A (x, y) can be demodulated.
- the multi-value number N in the modulation signal is equal to the number of times the second hologram necessary for demodulation is generated, and therefore, when the multi-value number N increases, it is necessary for demodulation of phase information.
- the number of hologram generations also increases.
- Second Method R is the complex amplitude of the first reference light 220 when recording the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light A (x, y) exp ⁇ i ⁇ (x, y) ⁇ on the first hologram.
- the intensity distribution generated on the first hologram surface is It becomes.
- the intensity distribution of Equation (3) is optically recorded on the first hologram, the amplitude transmittance distribution is It is recorded in the form.
- T 0 and t 1 are constants determined by the type of photosensitive material constituting the first hologram and the recording method.
- the light wave obtained when the first hologram is reproduced by the first reference light 220 is obtained from the equations (3) and (4). It becomes.
- the signal component of the diffracted light generated when the first hologram is reproduced is included in the fourth term on the right side.
- Light of other components can be easily removed by a spatial filter or the like because the propagation direction is different. Therefore, the recording light S of the second hologram obtained by reproducing the first hologram is Is proportional to
- ⁇ is the diffraction efficiency of the first hologram, and ⁇ t 1
- a N is an unnecessary diffracted light component that could not be removed by the spatial filter and a noise component mixed in the recording light of the second hologram.
- m is changed from 1 to M, that is, the phase of the second reference light 230 is changed, and M different second holograms are generated and simultaneously reproduced.
- the intensity distribution of the m-th second hologram generated on the surface of the CCD 160 is It becomes.
- a term proportional to A N that is a noise component does not contribute to the hologram distribution because it has no coherency with the second reference light 230.
- I 0 ⁇ 2 A 2 + R 0 2 It becomes.
- V m' actual measurement value of V m is V m is m ⁇ with. Therefore, (Where min. Represents a minimum value), unknown parameters a, b, and c may be determined using a computer or the like. Using parameters a, b, and c calculated in this way, from equation (11), And phase information of the spatial quadrature amplitude signal light can be demodulated. Similarly, from equation (11), The amplitude information of the spatial quadrature amplitude signal light can be demodulated, It becomes. If the intensity R 0 of the reference light is constant in all (M) second holograms It becomes.
- the number of unknown parameters is three, a, b, and c, regardless of the multi-level number N of phase and amplitude, so the second hologram is generated at least three times.
- M 3
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus uses the signal light (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) generated by using both phase modulation and amplitude modulation as a data page in the holographic memory. (Two-dimensional data) can be recorded and a data page can be reproduced from this holographic memory with high accuracy.
- the phase of the second reference light is changed using the variable phase shifter when generating the M second holograms.
- a holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus that simultaneously generates M second holograms without using a variable phase shifter by using a special interferometer will be described.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus is the same as the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus according to the first embodiment with respect to each component other than the hologram generation unit and the detection unit. Therefore, only the hologram generation unit and the detection unit will be described.
- FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the second embodiment.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit include the first beam splitter 305, the second beam splitter 310, the third beam splitter 315, the fourth beam splitter 320, the phase shifter 325, the first CCD 330, second CCD 335, third CCD 340, and fourth CCD 345.
- the first beam splitter 305, the second beam splitter 310, the third beam splitter 315, the fourth beam splitter 320, and the phase shifter 325 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the first CCD 330, the second CCD 335, the third CCD 340, and the fourth CCD 345 function as a “detection unit”.
- a first reference beam 220 and a second reference beam 230 are laser beams that are coherent with each other and are generated from the same laser light source.
- the first beam splitter 305, the second beam splitter 310, the third beam splitter 315, and the fourth beam splitter 320 respectively split the incident light beam into two light beams.
- the first beam splitter 305, the second beam splitter 310, the third beam splitter 315, and the fourth beam splitter 320 are arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is incident on the first beam splitter 305.
- a part of the diffracted light of the incident first hologram is transmitted and directed to the third beam splitter 315, and the remaining part is reflected and directed to the fourth beam splitter 320.
- the second reference light 230 is incident on the second beam splitter 310.
- a part of the incident second reference light 230 is reflected and directed to the third beam splitter 315, and the remaining part is transmitted and directed to the fourth beam splitter 320.
- the first hologram diffracted light 240 that has passed through the first beam splitter 305 is incident on the first surface of the third beam splitter 315. A part of the incident diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is reflected and directed to the first CCD 330, and the remaining part is transmitted to the second CCD 335.
- the second reference light 230 reflected by the second beam splitter 310 is incident on the second surface of the third beam splitter 315. A part of the incident second reference light 230 is transmitted and directed to the first CCD 330, and the remaining part is reflected and directed to the second CCD 335.
- Diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the first beam splitter 305 is incident on the first surface of the fourth beam splitter 320.
- a part of the incident diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is reflected and directed to the third CCD 340, and the remaining part is transmitted and directed to the fourth CCD 345.
- the second reference light 230 transmitted through the second beam splitter 310 is incident on the second surface of the fourth beam splitter 320.
- a part of the incident second reference light 230 is transmitted and directed to the third CCD 340, and the remaining part is reflected and directed to the fourth CCD 345.
- the phase shifter 325 is disposed between the second beam splitter 310 and the fourth beam splitter 320 as shown in FIG.
- the phase shifter 325 changes the phase of the second reference light separated by the second beam splitter 310.
- the first CCD 330, the second CCD 335, the third CCD 340, and the fourth CCD 345 are arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- the first CCD 330 has the intensity of the second hologram generated by the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the third beam splitter 315 and the second reference light 230 transmitted through the third beam splitter 315.
- the second CCD 335 has the intensity of the second hologram generated by the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the third beam splitter 315 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the third beam splitter 315. Detect distribution.
- the third CCD 340 has an intensity of the second hologram generated by the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the fourth beam splitter 320 and the second reference light 230 transmitted through the fourth beam splitter 320.
- the fourth CCD 345 has the intensity of the second hologram generated by the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the fourth beam splitter 320 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the fourth beam splitter 320. Detect distribution.
- the optical system shown in FIG. 6 includes an optical path length L 1 between the first beam splitter 305 and the third beam splitter 315, and an optical path between the second beam splitter 310 and the third beam splitter 315.
- the length L 2 the optical path length L 3 between the first beam splitter 305 and the fourth beam splitter 320, the optical path length L 4 between the second beam splitter 310 and the fourth beam splitter 320 Is adjusted to satisfy the following expression (24).
- a reference signal light is given instead of the hologram diffracted light 240, and the positions of the beam splitters 305 to 320 are adjusted so that the light intensity on the first CCD 330 at that time becomes maximum. do it.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the peripheral portion of the third beam splitter 315 of FIG.
- the diffracted light Aexp (i ⁇ ) of the first hologram is incident on the third beam splitter 315 from the left side of the drawing.
- the amplitude transmittance of the third beam splitter 315 for light from this direction is t (component toward the second CCD 335), and the amplitude reflectance is r (to the first CCD 330). Component).
- the second reference light 230 represented by R 0 is incident on the third beam splitter 315 from the lower side of the drawing.
- the amplitude transmittance of the third beam splitter 315 with respect to light from this direction is t ′ (component toward the first CCD 330), and the amplitude reflectance is r ′ (second phase). Component to the CCD 335).
- t ′ component toward the first CCD 330
- r ′ second phase
- Component to the CCD 335 Component to the CCD 335.
- the Stokes relation is generally And energy conservation law (The symbol * represents a complex conjugate).
- the hologram amplitude generated on the first CCD 330 is approximately the same as the equation (8) using the equation (26). Can be written.
- ⁇ is the phase angle of the product rt * of reflectance and transmittance. It is.
- the hologram amplitude generated on the second CCD 335 is Can be written.
- equation (28) is Can be written.
- the values of the first term and the second term on the right side are different in the equation (27) and the equation (29).
- the same value can be obtained by using a beam splitter (half mirror) having a standard light intensity branching ratio of 1: 1.
- a signal light having a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 with respect to the reference signal light is given instead of the hologram diffracted light, and the phase shifter 325 is set so that the light intensity on the third CCD 340 at that time becomes maximum. adjust.
- This adjustment is different from the operation in the variable phase shifter of the holographic memory reproducing device according to the first embodiment, and only needs to be performed once at the beginning.
- the hologram amplitude generated on the third CCD 340 and the fourth CCD 345 is as follows. Can be written.
- the diffracted light 240 spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light
- the procedure for demodulating a signal from the four second holograms obtained simultaneously in this way by electronic processing is the same as that of the second method described in the first embodiment (formulas (18) to (18)). (See (22)).
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus uses a special interferometer to simultaneously generate M second holograms without using a variable phase shifter, and to perform spatial orthogonality.
- the amplitude-modulated signal light can be demodulated.
- Embodiment 3 In the second embodiment, it is necessary to adjust the optical path length between the beam splitters.
- Embodiment 3 a holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus that simultaneously generates M second holograms without adjusting the optical path length between the beam splitters will be described.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the third embodiment is the same as the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the first embodiment with respect to each component other than the hologram generation unit and the detection unit. Therefore, only the hologram generation unit and the detection unit will be described.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the third embodiment.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit include a half-wave plate 405, a variable phase shifter 410, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415, a beam splitter 420, a first polarization beam splitter 425, and a second polarization beam. It has a splitter 430, a first CCD 435, a second CCD 440, a third CCD 445, and a fourth CCD 450.
- the half-wave plate 405, the variable phase shifter 410, the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415, the beam splitter 420, the first polarization beam splitter 425, and the second polarization beam splitter 430 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the first CCD 435, the second CCD 440, the third CCD 445, and the fourth CCD 450 function as a “detection unit”.
- the first reference light 220 and the second reference light 230 are laser beams of linearly polarized light (horizontal polarized light; in-plane direction in the drawing) generated from the same laser light source.
- the half-wave plate 405 is disposed on the optical path of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram, and rotates the polarization angle of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram by 45 degrees.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415 is disposed on the optical path of the second reference light 230, and converts the polarization state of the second reference light 230 into circularly polarized light.
- circularly polarized light means a polarization state in which the phase difference between the horizontally polarized light component and the vertically polarized light component is ⁇ / 2.
- the beam splitter 420 is a beam splitter that does not have polarization dependency. Diffracted light 240 of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate 405 is incident on the first surface of the beam splitter 420. A part of the incident diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is reflected and directed to the first polarizing beam splitter 425, and the remaining part is transmitted and directed to the second polarizing beam splitter 430.
- the second reference light 230 whose polarization state is changed by the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415 is incident on the second surface of the beam splitter 420. A part of the incident second reference light 230 is transmitted and directed to the first polarization beam splitter 425, and the remaining part is reflected and directed to the second polarization beam splitter 430.
- the first polarization beam splitter 425 and the second polarization beam splitter 430 are beam splitters having polarization dependency. That is, the first polarization beam splitter 425 and the second polarization beam splitter 430 transmit horizontally polarized light and reflect vertically polarized light.
- the first polarizing beam splitter 425 and the second polarizing beam splitter 430 are arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- the first hologram diffracted light 240 reflected by the beam splitter 420 and the second reference light 230 transmitted through the beam splitter 420 are incident on the first polarization beam splitter 425.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 pass through the first polarization beam splitter 425 and travel toward the first CCD 435.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 425 and directed to the third CCD 445.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the beam splitter 420 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the beam splitter 420 are incident on the second polarizing beam splitter 430.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 pass through the second polarization beam splitter 430 and travel toward the second CCD 440.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 430 and directed to the fourth CCD 450.
- the first CCD 435, the second CCD 440, the third CCD 445, and the fourth CCD 450 detect different intensity distributions of the second hologram.
- the first CCD 435, the second CCD 440, the third CCD 445, and the fourth CCD 450 are arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- the first CCD 435 has an intensity of the second hologram generated by the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 transmitted through the first polarization beam splitter 425. Detect distribution.
- the second CCD 440 has an intensity of the second hologram generated by the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 transmitted through the second polarization beam splitter 430. Detect distribution.
- the third CCD 445 uses the intensity of the second hologram generated by the vertically polarized component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertically polarized component of the second reference light 230 reflected by the first polarizing beam splitter 425. Detect distribution.
- the fourth CCD 450 is the intensity of the second hologram generated by the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 430 and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230. Detect distribution.
- the half-wave plate 405 rotates the polarization angle of the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) of the first hologram generated by the first reference light 220 by 45 degrees. Accordingly, the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the half-wave plate 405 has a horizontal polarization component (in-plane direction of the drawing, indicated by an arrow in the drawing) and a vertical polarization component (indicated by an arrow in the drawing) at the position A in the drawing.
- the vertical direction of the drawing is half.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415 converts the polarization state of the second reference light 230 into circularly polarized light. Therefore, the second reference light 230 transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 415 is circularly polarized at the position B in the figure (indicated by a circle in the figure). As described above, the circularly polarized light means a polarization state in which the phase difference between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component is ⁇ / 2.
- a second hologram whose phase is shifted by ⁇ is generated between the light wave traveling in the direction C in the drawing and the light wave traveling in the direction D in the drawing.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the second reference light 230 are incident on the beam splitter 420, and then travel 2 from the beam splitter 420 in the direction of the first polarizing beam splitter 425 (direction C in the figure).
- One light will be explained.
- the diffracted light Aexp (i ⁇ ) of the first hologram is incident on the beam splitter 420 from the left side of the drawing.
- the amplitude transmittance of the beam splitter 420 with respect to light from this direction is t (component toward the second CCD 440 and the fourth CCD 450), and the amplitude reflectance is r (the first reflectance). Component toward the CCD 435 and the third CCD 445).
- the second reference light R 0 is incident on the beam splitter 405 from the lower side of the drawing.
- the amplitude transmittance of the beam splitter 420 for light from this direction is t ′ (component toward the first CCD 435 and the third CCD 445), and the amplitude reflectance is r ′ (first). 2 components to the CCD 440 and the fourth CCD 450).
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 of circular polarization travel straight (transmit) through the first polarization beam splitter 425.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 of circular polarization are reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 425 and travel to the third CCD 445 side.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the second reference light 230 are incident on the beam splitter 420, the light travels from the beam splitter 420 to the second polarizing beam splitter 430 (direction D in the figure). Two lights will be described.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 of circular polarization travel straight (transmit) through the second polarization beam splitter 430.
- the second hologram when the phase of the second reference light 230 is ⁇ ⁇ is generated on the second CCD 440.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 of circular polarization are reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 430 and travel to the fourth CCD 450 side.
- the second reference light 230 of circular polarization has a phase difference of ⁇ / 2 between the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component, so that the hologram generated on the fourth CCD 450 is
- the second hologram when the phase of the second reference light 230 is ⁇ 3 ⁇ / 2 is generated.
- the procedure for demodulating a signal from the four second holograms obtained simultaneously in this way by electronic processing is the same as that of the second method described in the first embodiment (formulas (18) to (18)). (See (22)).
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the fourth embodiment is the same as the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the first embodiment with respect to each component other than the hologram generation unit and the detection unit. Therefore, only the hologram generation unit and the detection unit will be described.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit include a half-wave plate 505, a variable phase shifter 510, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515, a beam splitter 520, a first mirror 525, a second mirror 530, and a polarization.
- a beam splitter 535, a first CCD 540, and a second CCD 545 are included.
- the half-wave plate 505, the variable phase shifter 510, the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515, the beam splitter 520, the first mirror 525, the second mirror 530, and the polarization beam splitter 535 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the first CCD 540 and the second CCD 545 function as a “detection unit”.
- the first reference light 220 and the second reference light 230 are laser beams of linearly polarized light (horizontal polarized light; in-plane direction in the drawing) generated from the same laser light source.
- the half-wave plate 505, the variable phase shifter 510, and the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515 are the same as those in the third embodiment.
- the beam splitter 520 is a beam splitter that does not have polarization dependency. Diffracted light 240 of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate 505 is incident on the first surface of the beam splitter 520. A part of the incident diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is reflected and directed to the first mirror 525, and the remaining part is transmitted and directed to the second mirror 530. Further, the second reference light 230 whose polarization state is changed by the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515 is incident on the second surface of the beam splitter 520. A part of the incident second reference light 230 is transmitted to the first mirror 525, and the remaining part is reflected to the second mirror 530.
- the first mirror 525 is a mirror for causing the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the beam splitter 520 and the second reference light 230 transmitted through the beam splitter 520 to enter the first surface of the polarizing beam splitter 535. It is.
- the second mirror 530 is a mirror for causing the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the beam splitter 520 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the beam splitter 520 to enter the second surface of the polarizing beam splitter 535. It is.
- the polarization beam splitter 535 is a beam splitter having polarization dependency. That is, the polarization beam splitter 535 transmits horizontally polarized light and reflects vertically polarized light.
- the polarization beam splitter 535 is arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the beam splitter 520 and the second reference light 230 transmitted through the beam splitter 520 are incident on the first surface of the polarizing beam splitter 535.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the polarization beam splitter 535 and directed to the first CCD 540.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 are transmitted through the polarization beam splitter 535 toward the second CCD 545.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the beam splitter 520 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the beam splitter 520 are incident on the second surface of the polarization beam splitter 535.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 are transmitted through the polarization beam splitter 535 toward the first CCD 540.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the polarization beam splitter 535 and directed to the second CCD 545.
- first mirror 525 side Light from the first mirror 525 side is incident on the first surface of the polarization beam splitter 535, and light from the second mirror 530 side is incident on the second surface. That is, light enters the front and back surfaces of the polarization beam splitter 535 simultaneously.
- the first mirror 525 and the second mirror 530 are arranged so that the optical axis of the light from the first mirror 525 side is shifted from the optical axis of the light from the second mirror 530 side. (See FIG. 9).
- the first CCD 540 and the second CCD 545 are arranged in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- Each of the first CCD 540 and the second CCD 545 generates two second holograms. That is, the first CCD 540 is generated by the light reflected by the first surface of the polarization beam splitter 535 (the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230).
- the intensity distribution of the second hologram and the light transmitted through the second surface of the polarization beam splitter 535 (the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230) are generated.
- the intensity distribution of the second hologram is detected.
- the second CCD 545 is generated by the light transmitted through the first surface of the polarization beam splitter 535 (the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230).
- the intensity distribution of the second hologram and the light reflected by the second surface of the polarization beam splitter 535 are generated.
- the intensity distribution of the second hologram is detected.
- the half-wave plate 505 rotates the polarization angle of the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light) of the first hologram generated by the first reference light 220 by 45 degrees. Therefore, the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the half-wave plate 505 has a horizontal polarization component (in-plane direction of the drawing, indicated by an arrow in the drawing) and a vertical polarization component (indicated by an arrow in the drawing) at the position A in the drawing.
- the vertical direction of the drawing is half.
- the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515 converts the polarization state of the second reference light 230 into circularly polarized light. Therefore, the second reference light 230 transmitted through the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 515 is circularly polarized at the position B in the figure (indicated by a circle in the figure).
- a second hologram whose phase is shifted by ⁇ is generated between the light wave traveling in the direction C in the drawing and the light wave traveling in the direction D in the drawing.
- the two lights traveling from the beam splitter 520 in the direction of the first mirror 525 are The light enters the polarizing beam splitter 535 from the left side of the drawing.
- two lights traveling from the beam splitter 520 in the direction of the second mirror 530 enter the polarization beam splitter 535 from the lower side of the drawing. That is, the light traveling in the direction C in the figure and the light traveling in the direction D in the figure enter the same polarization beam splitter 535 from different directions.
- the position where the light incident from the first mirror 525 side enters the polarizing beam splitter 535 and the position where the light obtained from the second mirror 530 side enters the polarizing beam splitter 535 are slightly shifted.
- one CCD imaging area is divided into two parts.
- an image sensor having tens of millions of pixels can be easily obtained, and this is not a technical limitation. Rather, since the number of image sensors such as a CCD is small, there is a great advantage that an inexpensive system can be constructed.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 10 is that a pair of polarizing beam splitters (second polarizing beam splitter 550 and third polarizing beam splitter 555) is arranged in front of the half-wave plate 505, and ⁇ / 4 wavelength.
- 9 is different from the configuration shown in FIG. 9 in that a second beam splitter 560 and a third mirror 565 are disposed in front of the plate 515.
- the second hologram for the vertical polarization component ( ⁇ component) of the diffracted light 240 spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light
- the second hologram for the horizontal polarization component ( ⁇ component) Both of them can be generated simultaneously.
- the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) of the first hologram generated by the first reference light 220 is converted into a pair of polarizing beam splitters (second polarizing beam splitter 550). And the third polarization beam splitter 555). Further, the second reference light 230 is divided into two by the second beam splitter 560 and the third mirror 565.
- Eight second holograms including two holograms and four second holograms for the horizontal polarization component ( ⁇ component) can be generated simultaneously.
- the hologram recorded in the holographic memory 165 is a polarization type hologram in which both a vertical polarization component and a horizontal polarization component are generated, in particular, separate values (amplitude and amplitude) for each of the vertical polarization component and the horizontal polarization component.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit shown in FIG. 10 can simultaneously demodulate the vertical polarization component and the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit shown in FIG. 10 are used as an observation device, the observation device can simultaneously observe a vertical polarization component and a horizontal polarization component generated from a sample having birefringence such as a crystal. it can.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the fifth embodiment is the same as the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the first embodiment with respect to each component other than the hologram generation unit and the detection unit. Therefore, only the hologram generation unit and the detection unit will be described.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit include a half-wave plate 605, a variable phase shifter 610, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 615, a first beam splitter 620, a first mirror 625, and a second mirror. 630, a first polarizing beam splitter 635, a second polarizing beam splitter 640, a third polarizing beam splitter 645, a fourth polarizing beam splitter 650, a second beam splitter 655, and a CCD 660.
- Half-wave plate 605, variable phase shifter 610, ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 615, first beam splitter 620, first mirror 625, second mirror 630, first polarizing beam splitter 635, second polarizing beam splitter 640, the third polarization beam splitter 645, the fourth polarization beam splitter 650, and the second beam splitter 655 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the CCD 660 functions as a “detection unit”.
- a first reference beam 220 and a second reference beam 230 are laser beams of linearly polarized light (horizontal polarized light; in-plane direction in the drawing) generated from the same laser light source.
- Half-wave plate 605 variable phase shifter 610, ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 615, first beam splitter 620, first mirror 625, and second mirror 630 are the same as those in the fourth embodiment.
- the first polarizing beam splitter 635, the second polarizing beam splitter 640, the third polarizing beam splitter 645, and the fourth polarizing beam splitter 650 are beam splitters having polarization dependency. That is, the first polarizing beam splitter 635, the second polarizing beam splitter 640, the third polarizing beam splitter 645, and the fourth polarizing beam splitter 650 transmit horizontally polarized light and reflect vertically polarized light. . As shown in FIG. 11, the first polarizing beam splitter 635 and the second polarizing beam splitter 640 are arranged in combination. Similarly, the third polarizing beam splitter 645 and the fourth polarizing beam splitter 650 are also arranged in combination.
- the first polarizing beam splitter 635 includes the first hologram diffracted light 240 reflected by the first beam splitter 620 and the second reference light transmitted through the first beam splitter 620. 230 enters.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 635 and directed to the second polarization beam splitter 640.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 are transmitted through the first polarization beam splitter 635 toward the second beam splitter 655.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the first polarization beam splitter 635 and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are incident on the second polarization beam splitter 640.
- the vertically polarized component of the diffracted light 240 of the incident first hologram and the vertically polarized component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the second polarized beam splitter 640 and directed to the second beam splitter 655.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram transmitted through the first beam splitter 620 and the second reference light 230 reflected by the first beam splitter 620 are incident on the third polarizing beam splitter 645.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the third polarization beam splitter 645 and travel toward the fourth polarization beam splitter 650.
- the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 pass through the third polarization beam splitter 645 and travel toward the second beam splitter 655.
- the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 reflected by the third polarization beam splitter 645 are incident on the fourth polarization beam splitter 650.
- the vertically polarized component of the diffracted light 240 of the incident first hologram and the vertically polarized component of the second reference light 230 are reflected by the fourth polarizing beam splitter 640 and directed to the second beam splitter 655.
- a trapezoidal polarizing prism may be used instead of the combination of the first polarizing beam splitter 635 and the second polarizing beam splitter 640.
- a trapezoidal polarizing prism may be used instead of the combination of the third polarizing beam splitter 645 and the fourth polarizing beam splitter 650.
- the second beam splitter 655 is a beam splitter that does not have polarization dependency. On the first surface of the second beam splitter 655, the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230 transmitted through the first polarization beam splitter 635, The horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 640 and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230 are incident.
- the first polarization beam splitter 635 and the second polarization beam splitter 640 are arranged so that the optical axes of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component are shifted from each other (see FIG. 11). These horizontal and vertical polarization components pass through the second beam splitter 655 and travel toward the CCD 660.
- the third polarization beam splitter 645 and the fourth polarization beam splitter 650 are arranged so that the optical axes of the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component are shifted from each other (see FIG. 11).
- the horizontal polarization component and the vertical polarization component are reflected by the second beam splitter 655 and travel toward the CCD 660.
- Light from the first polarization beam splitter 635 and the second polarization beam splitter 640 side is incident on the first surface of the second beam splitter 655, and the third polarization beam splitter is incident on the second surface.
- Light from 645 and the fourth polarizing beam splitter 650 side enters. That is, light is simultaneously incident on the front and back surfaces of the second beam splitter 655.
- the first polarization beam splitter 635, the second polarization beam splitter 640, the third polarization beam splitter 645, and the fourth polarization beam splitter 650 are arranged so that the optical axes of the light beams derived from the polarization beam splitter 650 are shifted from each other. Is arranged (see FIG. 11).
- the CCD 660 detects the intensity distribution of the four second holograms. That is, the CCD 660 transmits the second hologram generated by the light transmitted through the first polarization beam splitter 635 (the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230).
- the intensity distribution and the intensity of the second hologram generated by the light reflected by the second polarization beam splitter 640 (the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the vertical polarization component of the second reference light 230) Distribution and intensity distribution of the second hologram generated by the light transmitted through the third polarization beam splitter 645 (the horizontal polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the horizontal polarization component of the second reference light 230)
- the fourth polarization beam splitter 650 the vertical polarization component of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram and the second reference light 23. Detecting the second and the intensity distribution of the hologram generated by the vertical polarization component).
- the two polarizing beam splitters are arranged in the horizontal direction with respect to the paper surface, but the two polarizing beam splitters may be arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the paper surface.
- the four second holograms can be arranged in 2 stages ⁇ 2 rows on the detection surface of one CCD.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 12 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. 11 in that a pair of beam splitters (third beam splitter 665 and fourth beam splitter 670) are arranged in front of the half-wave plate 605. Different.
- the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) of the first hologram generated by the first reference light 220 is converted into a set of beam splitters (third beam splitter 665 and second beam splitter 665). 4 beam splitter 670).
- a set of beam splitters third beam splitter 665 and second beam splitter 665. 4 beam splitter 670.
- eight second holograms can be simultaneously generated in different areas of the detection surface of one CCD.
- the intensity distributions of the eight second holograms are V 1 , V 2 ,..., V 8 , respectively, and the phase of the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) of the first hologram is ⁇ (x, y).
- ⁇ (x, y) is a phase difference by a pair of beam splitters (third beam splitter 665 and fourth beam splitter 670), Than, Is obtained.
- phase ⁇ (x, y) of the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) of the first hologram is Is calculated by
- the number of second holograms that can be detected at one time can be increased by branching the diffracted light 240 (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) of the first hologram into two. If the number of branches of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is further increased, the number of second holograms that can be detected at one time can be further increased. For example, if the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram is branched into three, the intensity distribution of 12 second holograms can be measured at a time.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the sixth embodiment is the same as the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the first embodiment with respect to each component other than the hologram generation unit and the detection unit. Therefore, only the hologram generation unit and the detection unit will be described.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a hologram generation unit and a detection unit of the holographic memory recording / reproduction device according to the sixth embodiment.
- the hologram generation unit and detection unit include a half-wave plate 705, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 710, a beam splitter 715, a polarization beam splitter 720, a first CCD 725, and a second CCD 730.
- the half-wave plate 705, the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 710, the beam splitter 715, and the polarization beam splitter 725 function as a “hologram generation unit”.
- the first CCD 725 and the second CCD 730 function as a “detection unit”.
- FIG. 14 the hologram generation unit and detection unit.
- a first reference beam 220 and a second reference beam 230 are laser beams of linearly polarized light (horizontal polarized light; in-plane direction in the drawing) generated from the same laser light source. Further, the intensity R 0 2 of the second reference light 230 is assumed to be a known value.
- the optical system shown in FIG. 14 removes components (second polarization beam splitter 430, second CCD 440, and fourth CCD 450) related to the light beam D from the optical system of the third embodiment shown in FIG.
- the configuration is the same as that described above.
- the beam splitter 715 may be removed, and the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate 705 may be directly incident on the polarization beam splitter 720.
- the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram whose polarization angle is changed by the half-wave plate 705 is incident on the first surface of the polarization beam splitter 720, and the second surface of the polarization beam splitter 720 is incident on the second surface.
- the second reference light 230 whose polarization state has been changed by the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 710 is incident.
- the optical complex amplitude A (x, y) exp ⁇ (x, y) ⁇ is obtained by one measurement by the simple optical system shown in FIG. It can be measured.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the hologram generation unit and the detection unit.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 15 is different from the configuration shown in FIG. 14 in that two imaging regions are formed on one CCD 835.
- the hologram generation unit and the detection unit include a half-wave plate 805, a ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate 810, a polarization beam splitter 815, a first mirror 820, a second mirror 825, a beam splitter 830, and a CCD 835.
- the optical complex amplitude A (x, y) exp ⁇ (x, y) ⁇ can be measured by one measurement.
- phase shift interferometry is roughly classified into a sequential method and a parallel phase shift method.
- the sequential method the phase of the interference light is changed by a variable phase shifter, and multiple measurements are performed (IchirouchiYamaguchi and Tong Zhang, "Phase-shifting digital holography", Opt. Lett., Vol.22, pp.1268- 1270 (1997).).
- the parallel phase shift method measurement is performed once using signal light that has passed through a spatial phase array (Yasuhiro Awatsuji, Atsushi Fujii, Toshihiro Kubota, and Osamu Matoba, "Parallel three-step phase-shifting digital holography, "Appl. Opt. Vol.45, pp.2995-3002 (2006).”
- the phase is measured by giving a phase difference to signals at different times in order to perform multiple measurements. For this reason, the sequential method has a problem that a large measurement error occurs with respect to a temporal variation of an observation target (for example, movement of a microorganism that is an observation target).
- an observation target for example, movement of a microorganism that is an observation target.
- the parallel phase shift method three to four signals passing through a set of spatial phase arrays are signals generated from different positions to be observed.
- an original signal is calculated based on a set of signals that have passed through the spatial phase array. For this reason, the parallel phase shift method has a problem that a large measurement error occurs when the spatial variation of the phase value of the observation target is large (for example, when the shape of the observation target is complicated).
- the methods of Embodiments 3 to 6 have the following advantages. First, since a plurality of measurements required by the sequential method can be performed at one time, there is no time error, and the stability and high speed of the system are maintained. Further, since the original signal at the same position is observed by a plurality of CCDs without using a phase array necessary for the parallel phase shift method, no spatial error occurs. For example, the signals received by the pixels at the same position of four CCDs in FIG. 8 are generated by giving a signal generated from the same time and the same position while giving a phase difference between the half mirror (or beam splitter) and the polarization beam splitter. (The same applies to FIGS. 6 and 9 to 15). That is, the measurement methods of Embodiments 3 to 6 do not have the disadvantages of either the sequential method or the parallel phase shift method, and have the advantages of both the sequential method and the parallel phase shift method.
- the measurement methods of Embodiments 3 to 6 do not require precise phase adjustment using a variable phase shifter.
- 6 and 8 to 15 can also be used as an observation device for observing a two-dimensional distribution of intensity and phase in transmitted light or reflected light from an observation target (implementation). See Examples 5 and 6).
- an observation target for example, a biological sample
- a second hologram is generated using transmitted light or reflected light (spatial quadrature amplitude modulated signal light) from the observation object instead of the diffracted light 240 of the first hologram.
- the hologram recording method is not limited to this.
- FIG. 16 shows the optical arrangement of the reflection hologram, but it may be an optical arrangement of a transmission hologram as shown in the embodiment.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of a spatial light modulator (SLM) pattern when recording and reproduction are performed by the collinear holography method.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- FIG. 17A page data separated into a central portion and an outer peripheral portion is used, and the central portion is used for forming signal light and the outer peripheral portion is used for forming reference light.
- the light emitted from the central portion (signal light) and the light emitted from the outer peripheral portion (reference light) are condensed and irradiated onto a recording medium (for example, an optical disc) with one objective lens, and the interference pattern of both is recorded.
- a recording medium for example, an optical disc
- Example 1 shows the result of simulation of recording and reproduction of an 8-level spatial phase modulation signal (8-SPM) using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention used for the simulation.
- This holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus records and reproduces the first hologram by a collinear holography method.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 900 performs recording and reproduction by installing a recording medium (Photopolymer) between the third lens (L3) and the fourth lens (L4).
- a recording medium Photopol
- the light emitted from the laser light source is branched into two by the first beam splitter (BS1).
- the light traveling downward in the drawing becomes signal light and first reference light for generating the first hologram.
- the light traveling in the right direction in the drawing becomes the second reference light that generates the second hologram.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal generation unit 910 Light traveling downward from the first beam splitter (BS1) enters the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal generation unit 910.
- the central portion of the light beam (data page region in FIG. 17A) is subjected to spatial phase modulation by the first spatial light modulator (SLM1) of the phase modulation type, and the intensity is increased.
- Spatial amplitude modulation is applied by a modulation type second spatial light modulator (SLM2).
- SLM2 modulation type second spatial light modulator
- the outer peripheral portion of the light beam is used as reference light called a collinear ring pattern.
- the intensity-modulated third spatial light modulator (SLM3) generates a collinear ring pattern corresponding to the first reference light on the outer peripheral portion of the light beam.
- the second spatial light modulator (SLM2) uses only the central portion and the third spatial light modulator (SLM3) uses only the outer peripheral portion, these are combined to form one spatial light modulation. It may be replaced with a vessel.
- the order of the first spatial light modulator (SLM1), the second spatial light modulator (SLM2), and the third spatial light modulator (SLM3) may be arbitrarily changed.
- a reflective spatial light modulator is used as the first spatial light modulator (SLM1)
- transmission is performed as the second spatial light modulator (SLM2) and the third spatial light modulator (SLM3).
- the first spatial light modulator (SLM1), the second spatial light modulator (SLM2), and the third spatial light modulator (SLM3) are also for the optical device.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal and the first reference light generated in this way become one beam, and the first hologram is recorded on the recording medium (photopolymer).
- the recording medium may be moved (for example, a disk-shaped recording medium is rotated).
- the central portion (data page region) of the light beam is blocked by the second spatial light modulator (SLM2), and the light beam is blocked by the third spatial light modulator (SLM3).
- a collinear ring pattern corresponding to the first reference light is generated on the outer periphery.
- the light traveling from the first beam splitter (BS1) in the right direction of the drawing becomes the second reference light for generating the second hologram.
- This light is incident on the hologram generation unit 720 after a necessary phase difference is added by a variable phase shifter (for example, a reflective piezo element).
- a variable phase shifter for example, a reflective piezo element.
- the second hologram is generated on the detection surface of the CCD camera by mixing the diffracted light of the first hologram and the second reference light in the third beam splitter (BS3).
- FIG. 1 a diagram of an 8-level spatial phase modulation signal (8-SPM) is shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis in the figure is called “real axis” or “I axis”, and the vertical axis is called “imaginary axis” or “Q axis”. These correspond to the variables I and Q in equation (1).
- the points plotted on the diagram are called “signal points”.
- a set of modulation codes is represented by a plurality of signal points.
- the complex plane represented by this diagram shows the amplitude and phase of the signal with the “0” point on both axes as the center.
- the distance from the “0” point represents the amplitude
- the angle with respect to the “0” point represents the phase. Therefore, a plurality of symbols located at the same distance from the center but located at different angles with respect to the center have the same signal waveform amplitude but different phases.
- the three data pages (# 1, # 2, # 3) used for recording are shown in FIG. 20A.
- the size of each data page is 32 ⁇ 32 pixels.
- each pixel is modulated with 8 different phase information, but is drawn in gray scale for visualization.
- a photopolymer was assumed as a recording medium, and these three data pages (# 1, # 2, # 3) were multiplexed and recorded at a shift pitch of 1.76 ⁇ m.
- the recorded first hologram was irradiated with the first reference light to generate diffracted light of the first hologram.
- 21 to 23 show signal intensity distributions obtained by photoelectrically converting the four second holograms for each data page (# 1, # 2, # 3).
- 21 shows the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram of data page # 1
- FIG. 22 shows the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram of data page # 2
- FIG. 23 shows the signal intensity distribution of data page # 3.
- 2 is a signal intensity distribution of the hologram 2;
- FIG. 20B shows a data page demodulated from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram using the equation (21).
- FIG. 20A original data
- FIG. 20B production data
- FIG. 20A original data
- FIG. 20B production data
- FIG. 20A original data
- FIG. 20B production data
- FIG. 20C shows that the 8-level spatial phase modulation signal is clearly separated.
- the symbol error rate when the detection accuracy of the photodetector is 12 bits is 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2, which is practically sufficient considering the error correction capability in the current holographic memory. It can be said that performance.
- Example 2 shows the results of simulation of recording and reproduction of an 8-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (8-SQAM) using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention.
- a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation is a modulation system that gives more signal states by adding amplitude modulation to phase modulation.
- FIG. 25 shows a diagram of the 8-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (8-SQAM) used in this example.
- Each signal point can take either a binary amplitude value or a quadrature phase value, and a total of eight values can be represented by a single signal point.
- Example 2 similarly to Example 1, a simulation was performed when an 8-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (8-SQAM) was recorded and reproduced using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. .
- 8-SQAM 8-level spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- Table 2 shows the parameters used for the numerical analysis.
- the data page (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal) used for recording is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 26, the size of the data page is 8 ⁇ 8 pixels. Each pixel of the data page has both values of amplitude information A (x, y) shown in FIG. 26A and phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown in FIG. 26B. That is, one data page is expressed by combining the amplitude information A (x, y) shown in FIG. 26A and the phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown in FIG. 26B.
- the amplitude ratio of the bright part and the dark part in FIG. 26A is 2: 1, but the intensity ratio is 4: 1.
- the actual recording light intensity is 1.37 mW in the bright part and 0.34 mW in the dark part.
- the phase information shown in FIG. 26B is drawn in gray scale for visualization.
- FIG. 27 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting the four second holograms.
- detection was performed by 8 ⁇ 8 CCD pixels for one pixel (data pixel) in the data page. Therefore, the required number of CCD pixels is 64 ⁇ 64 pixels. However, this is not an essential condition, and it is also possible to perform detection with one CCD pixel for one pixel of the data page.
- FIG. 28 shows the data restored at each CCD pixel point using the equations (21) and (22) from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram.
- FIG. 29 shows the result of the averaging process performed on each data pixel for the data shown in FIG. The result obtained by the processing so far is analog data. Therefore, finally, the data shown in FIG. 29 is subjected to threshold processing, and demodulated into digital data with two amplitudes and four phases, FIG. 30 shows.
- Example 3 shows results of actually recording and reproducing a 6-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM) using the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention (see Embodiment 1).
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 31 was used to record and reproduce the six-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM) having the binary intensity and the ternary phase shown in FIG. .
- 6-SQAM six-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal
- FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus of the present invention used in the experiment.
- This holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus records and reproduces the first hologram by a collinear holography method.
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 1000 includes a laser light source, a beam expander (BE), a first iris (Iris1), a first half-wave plate (HWP1), a polarizing beam splitter (PBS).
- the holographic memory recording / reproducing apparatus 1000 performs recording and reproduction by installing a recording medium (Photopolymer) between the fifth lens (L5) and the sixth lens (L6).
- the light (wavelength 532 nm) emitted from the laser light source is branched into two by the polarization beam splitter (PBS).
- PBS polarization beam splitter
- Light directed upward in the drawing (on the first beam splitter BS1 side) becomes signal light and first reference light for generating a first hologram.
- the light which goes to the left direction (2nd beam splitter BS2 side) of drawing becomes the 2nd reference light which produces
- a photopolymer was used for the recording medium, and the irradiation time of the laser beam was 1 minute.
- the light traveling from the polarization beam splitter (PBS) in the upward direction of the drawing enters the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal generation unit 1010.
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal generation unit 1010 spatial phase modulation is applied to the central portion of the light beam by the phase modulation type first spatial light modulator (SLM 1), and the intensity modulation type second spatial light.
- Spatial amplitude modulation is applied by the modulator (SLM2).
- the logical value of the data page (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal) used for recording is shown in FIG. 33A, and the physical value is shown in FIG. 33B.
- the size of the data page is 3 ⁇ 5 pixels.
- Each pixel of the data page has both values of amplitude information A (x, y) shown on the left side of FIG. 33 and phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown on the right side of FIG. That is, one data page is expressed by combining the amplitude information A (x, y) shown on the left side of FIG. 33 and the phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown on the right side of FIG.
- the intensity ratio between the bright part and the dark part is about 3: 1.
- the phase information shown in FIG. 33 is drawn in gray scale for visualization.
- the reason why the lower half of the diagram shown in FIG. 32 was not used is that the phase variable range of the first spatial light modulator (SLM1) used in the experiment was limited to 0 to ⁇ . .
- the phase pattern signal pixels are set smaller than the intensity pattern signal pixels.
- the periphery of the signal pixel of the phase pattern was a fine random pattern of 0 and ⁇ . There are two reasons for this. The first reason is to secure a margin for a deviation in matching when performing pixel matching of intensity and phase. The second reason is that a random phase pattern is placed around the signal pixel to broaden the spatial frequency distribution and improve the quality of the reproduction light.
- the outer periphery of the light beam is used as reference light called a collinear ring pattern. Therefore, in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal generation unit 1010, the intensity-modulation type second spatial light modulator (SLM2) generates a collinear ring pattern corresponding to the first reference light on the outer periphery of the light beam.
- SLM2 intensity-modulation type second spatial light modulator
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal and the first reference light generated in this way become one beam, and the first hologram is recorded on the photopolymer (recording medium).
- the second spatial light modulator blocks the central portion (data page area) of the light beam and corresponds to the first reference light at the outer peripheral portion of the light beam.
- a collinear ring pattern is generated.
- the light traveling from the polarizing beam splitter (PBS) toward the left side of the drawing becomes the second reference light for generating the second hologram.
- This light is changed in phase by 0, ⁇ / 2, ⁇ , and 3 ⁇ / 2 by a variable phase shifter (reflection type piezo element), and then enters the hologram generation unit 820.
- the second hologram is generated on the detection surface of the CCD by mixing the diffracted light of the first hologram and the second reference light in the third beam splitter (BS3). .
- FIG. 35 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting the four second holograms. Further, the data at each CCD pixel point is restored from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram using the equations (21) and (22), the averaging process and the threshold process are performed, and the binary amplitude and the phase 3
- FIG. 36 shows a demodulated value digital data.
- Example 4 shows a result of actually demodulating a 6-value space quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM) using the demodulator of the present invention (see Embodiment 4).
- the demodulating device shown in FIG. 37 was used to demodulate the binary binary intensity and phase ternary amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM) shown in FIG.
- 6-SQAM binary binary intensity and phase ternary amplitude modulation signal
- the reason why the lower half of the diagram shown in FIG. 32 was not used is that the phase variable range of the second spatial light modulator (SLM2) used in the experiment was limited to 0 to ⁇ .
- FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the demodulator of the present invention used in the experiment.
- a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 1110 generates a six-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM)
- a hologram generation unit 1120 generates a six-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM). Demodulated.
- the configuration of the hologram generation unit 1120 shown in FIG. 37 is the same as the configuration of the hologram generation unit and detection unit shown in FIG.
- the demodulator 1100 includes a laser light source, a beam expander (BE), a first half-wave plate (HWP1), a first polarizing beam splitter (PBS1), a polarizer (Pol.), A first spatial light modulator (SLM1), an analyzer (Ana.), A first lens (L1), a first mirror (M1), a first iris (Iris1), a second lens (L2), First beam splitter (BS1), second spatial light modulator (SLM2), third lens (L3), second iris (Iris2), fourth lens (L4), aperture (Aperture), second 2 half wave plate (HWP2), ⁇ / 4 wave plate (QWP), second beam splitter (BS2), second mirror (M2), third mirror (M3), second polarizing beam splitter ( PBS2), fifth lens (L5) , A sixth lens (L6), a seventh lens (L7), an eighth lens (L8), a first CCD camera (CC
- the light (wavelength 532 nm) emitted from the laser light source is branched into two by the first polarizing beam splitter (PBS1).
- the light traveling in the left direction of the drawing (on the first spatial light modulator SLM1 side) becomes signal light.
- the light traveling downward (second beam splitter BS2 side) in the drawing serves as reference light (second reference light) for generating a hologram (second hologram).
- the central portion of the light beam is subjected to spatial amplitude modulation by the intensity-modulation type first spatial light modulator (SLM1), and the phase modulation type second spatial light. Spatial phase modulation is applied by the modulator (SLM2).
- the logical value of the data page (spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal) used for modulation is shown in FIG.
- the size of the data page is 6 ⁇ 6 pixels.
- Each pixel of the data page has both values of amplitude information A (x, y) shown on the left side of FIG. 38 and phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown on the right side of FIG. That is, one data page is expressed by combining the amplitude information A (x, y) shown on the left side of FIG. 38 and the phase information ⁇ (x, y) shown on the right side of FIG.
- the intensity ratio between the bright part and the dark part is about 3: 1.
- the phase information shown in FIG. 38 is drawn in gray scale for visualization.
- the hologram generator 1120 causes the signal light and the reference light to interfere with each other.
- the signal light generated by the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal light generation unit 1110 passes through the second half-wave plate (HWP2) and is adjusted to 45 ° linearly polarized light.
- the reference light traveling from the first polarizing beam splitter (PBS1) downward in the drawing passes through the ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate (QWP) and is converted into circularly polarized light.
- QWP wavelength plate
- a six-value spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal (6-SQAM) was demodulated from the signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting these four second holograms.
- FIG. 39 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting the four second holograms.
- FIG. 40A shows data obtained by restoring the data at each CCD pixel point from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram using Expression (21) and Expression (22), and further performs averaging processing and threshold processing.
- FIG. 40B shows a demodulated digital data having a binary amplitude and a binary phase.
- the third lens (L3), the fourth lens (L4), the fifth lens (L5), the sixth lens (L6), the seventh lens (L7), and The eighth lens (L8) may be omitted.
- intensity information and phase information included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal are affected by Fresnel diffraction.
- the original intensity information and phase information included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is obtained by subtracting the influence of Fresnel diffraction by numerical calculation. Can do.
- Example 5 shows the result of living body observation using the observation apparatus of the present invention (see Embodiment 4).
- the hind limbs of Daphnia pulex and Apis mellifera were observed using the observation apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the observation apparatus of the present invention used in the experiment.
- the configuration of the hologram generation unit 1210 shown in FIG. 41 is the same as the configuration of the hologram generation unit and detection unit shown in FIG.
- the observation device 1200 includes a laser light source, a first lens (L1), a second lens (L2), a first half-wave plate (HWP1), a first polarizing beam splitter (PBS1). ), First mirror (M1), second mirror (M2), third lens (L3), fourth lens (L4), second half-wave plate (HWP2), ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate ( QWP), beam splitter (BS), third mirror (M3), fourth mirror (M4), second polarization beam splitter (PBS2), fifth lens (L5), sixth lens (L6) , A seventh lens (L7), an eighth lens (L8), a first CCD camera (CCD1), and a second CCD camera (CCD2).
- the observation apparatus 1200 performs observation by installing a biological sample (Object) between the first mirror (M1) and the second mirror (M2).
- the light (wavelength 532 nm) emitted from the laser light source is branched into two by the first polarization beam splitter (PBS1).
- the light toward the left direction (first mirror M1 side) in the drawing becomes signal light (transmitted light or reflected light from the observation target).
- the light traveling downward ( ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate QWP side) in the drawing becomes reference light (second reference light) for generating a hologram (second hologram).
- a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal corresponding to the amplitude characteristic and phase characteristic of the biological sample (Object) is generated when light passes through the biological sample (Object) or when light reflects from the biological sample (Object).
- the subsequent processes are the same as those described in the fourth embodiment and the fourth embodiment.
- the intensity distribution and phase distribution included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal are demodulated. These correspond to the transmitted light intensity distribution and transmitted light phase distribution (or reflected light intensity distribution and reflected light phase distribution) of the biological sample (Object), respectively.
- FIG. 42 and 43 show the observation results of daphnia.
- FIG. 42 shows a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting the four second holograms.
- FIG. 43 shows the result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point using the equations (21) and (22) from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram shown in FIG. It is.
- FIG. 44 and 45 show the observation results of the hind limbs of the honey bee.
- FIG. 44 shows a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting four second holograms.
- FIG. 45 shows the result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point using the equations (21) and (22) from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram shown in FIG. It is.
- the third lens (L3), the fourth lens (L4), the fifth lens (L5), the sixth lens (L6), the seventh lens (L7), and The eighth lens (L8) may be omitted.
- intensity information and phase information included in a spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal derived from a biological sample are affected by Fresnel diffraction.
- the original intensity information and phase included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal derived from the biological sample are obtained by subtracting the influence of Fresnel diffraction by numerical calculation. You can ask for information.
- Example 6 shows the result of polarization observation using the observation apparatus of the present invention (see Embodiment 4).
- the thin piece of the crystalline limestone was observed using the observation apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the observation apparatus of the present invention used in the experiment.
- the configuration of the hologram generation unit 1310 shown in FIG. 46 is the same as the configuration of the hologram generation unit and detection unit shown in FIG.
- the observation apparatus 1300 includes a laser light source, a first lens (L1), a second lens (L2), a first half-wave plate (HWP1), a first polarization beam splitter (PBS1). ), Second half-wave plate (HWP2), first mirror (M1), polarizer (Pol.), Second mirror (M2), third lens (L3), and fourth lens (L4).
- the observation apparatus 1300 performs observation by installing a sample (Object) between a first mirror (M1) and a polarizer (Pol.).
- the light (wavelength 532 nm) emitted from the laser light source is branched into two by the first polarization beam splitter (PBS1).
- the light traveling in the left direction (the second half-wave plate HWP2 side) in the drawing becomes signal light (observation light).
- the light traveling downward ( ⁇ / 4 wavelength plate QWP side) in the drawing becomes reference light (second reference light) for generating a hologram (second hologram).
- the light traveling from the first polarizing beam splitter (PBS1) toward the left side of the drawing (the second half-wave plate HWP2 side) is horizontally polarized light (polarized light parallel to the in-plane direction of the drawing).
- the second half-wave plate (HWP2) rotates the polarization angle of the horizontally polarized light by 45 degrees.
- the 45-degree linearly polarized light is incident on the sample (Object).
- Light that has undergone amplitude modulation and phase modulation depending on the polarization characteristics of the sample (Object) due to light being transmitted through the sample (Object) or reflected from the sample (Object) is the spatial orthogonal amplitude. It is generated as a modulated signal (optical complex amplitude).
- the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is incident on a polarizer (Pol.). Depending on the angle of the polarizer (Pol.) At this time, it is possible to select which polarization component (horizontal polarization (P polarization) or vertical polarization (S polarization)) of the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal is observed. Arbitrary polarization components can be observed by adjusting the angle of the polarizer (Pol.).
- the intensity distribution and phase distribution included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal for the selected polarization component are demodulated. These correspond to the transmitted light intensity distribution and transmitted light phase distribution (or reflected light intensity distribution and reflected light phase distribution) of the sample (Object) for the selected polarization component, respectively.
- FIG. 47 and 48 show the observation results of the horizontally polarized light (P polarized light) component.
- FIG. 47 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting four second holograms.
- FIG. 48 shows the result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point using the equations (21) and (22) from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram shown in FIG. It is.
- FIG. 49 and 50 show the observation results of the vertically polarized (S-polarized) component.
- FIG. 49 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting four second holograms.
- FIG. 50 is a result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and the transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram shown in FIG. 49 using Expression (21) and Expression (22). It is.
- the third lens (L3), the fourth lens (L4), the fifth lens (L5), the sixth lens (L6), the seventh lens (L7), and The eighth lens (L8) may be omitted.
- intensity information and phase information included in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal derived from crystalline limestone are affected by Fresnel diffraction.
- the original intensity information contained in the spatial quadrature amplitude modulation signal derived from crystalline limestone and Phase information can be obtained.
- Example 7 shows the result of polarization observation using the observation apparatus of the present invention (see Embodiments 4 and 6).
- a section of slugfish (Branchiostoma belcheri) was observed.
- FIG. 51 is a signal intensity distribution obtained by photoelectrically converting four second holograms.
- FIG. 52 shows the result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point using the equations (21) and (22) from the signal intensity distribution of the second hologram shown in FIG. It is.
- FIG. 53 shows the result of calculating the transmitted light intensity and transmitted light phase at each CCD pixel point from the signal intensity distribution of the two second holograms.
- the holographic memory of the present invention is not only used for consumer AV, but also for archival use in broadcasting and medical fields (data can be stored for a long period of time), optical disc systems such as data centers (power consumption is 1/6 that of HDDs) This is useful in various applications.
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Abstract
Description
[1]空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムが記録されたホログラフィックメモリの再生装置であって:第1の参照光を前記ホログラフィックメモリに照射して、前記第1のホログラムの回折光を生成するホログラム回折光生成部と;前記第1のホログラムの回折光と干渉しうる第2の参照光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記第1のホログラムの回折光と前記位相を変化させた第2の参照光とから第2のホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と;前記第2のホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と;前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調する処理部と;を有するホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[2]レーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と;前記レーザ光源から出射されたレーザ光を前記第1の参照光と前記第2の参照光に分離するレーザ光分離部と;をさらに有する、[1]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[3]前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第2の参照光の位相を変化させる可変位相シフタと、前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記可変位相シフタにより位相を変えられた第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタとを有する、[1]または[2]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[4]前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し;前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第1の偏光ビームスプリッタと、前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第2の偏光ビームスプリッタと、を有する;[2]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[5]前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し;前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第1の面に入射し、前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第2の面に入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、を有する;[2]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[6]前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し;前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射する第1のビームスプリッタと、前記第1のビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第1のビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第1の偏光ビームスプリッタと、前記第1のビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第1のビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第2の偏光ビームスプリッタと、前記第1の偏光ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光、ならびに前記第1の偏光ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第1の面に入射し、前記第2の偏光ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光、ならびに前記第2の偏光ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第2の面に入射する第2のビームスプリッタと、を有する;[2]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[7]前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し;前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、を有する;[2]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[8]レーザ光を空間直交振幅変調して空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を生成する空間直交振幅変調信号光生成部と;前記信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムをホログラフィックメモリに記録する記録部と;をさらに有する、[1]~[7]のいずれか一項に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[9]前記空間直交振幅変調信号光生成部は、前記レーザ光が入射されるビームスプリッタと、前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記レーザ光の振幅を変調する反射型の第1の空間光変調器と、前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記レーザ光の振幅を変調する反射型の第2の空間光変調器とを有し;前記ビームスプリッタと前記第1の空間光変調器との間の光路長LI、および前記ビームスプリッタと前記第2の空間光変調器との間の光路長LQは、以下の式(1)を満たす;[8]に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
[10]空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムが記録されたホログラフィックメモリの再生方法であって:第1の参照光を前記ホログラフィックメモリに照射して、前記第1のホログラムの回折光を生成するステップと;前記第1のホログラムの回折光と干渉しうる第2の参照光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記第1のホログラムの回折光と前記位相を変化させた第2の参照光とから第2のホログラムを生成するステップと;前記第2のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと;前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調するステップと;を有するホログラフィックメモリの再生方法。
[11]レーザ光源から出射されたレーザ光を前記第1の参照光と前記第2の参照光に分離するステップをさらに有する、[10]に記載のホログラフィックメモリの再生方法。
[12]空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を受信する入力部と;前記信号光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と;前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記信号光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と;前記ホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と;前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調する処理部と;を有する、空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号の復調装置。
[13]空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を受信するステップと;前記信号光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するステップと;前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記信号光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するステップと;前記のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと、前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調するステップと;を有する、空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号の復調方法。
[14]観測対象からの透過光または反射光を入力する入力部と;前記透過光または前記反射光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と;前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記透過光または前記反射光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と;前記ホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と;前記強度分布に基づいて前記透過光または前記反射光における光強度分布および光位相分布を算出する処理部と;を有する、光強度分布および光位相分布の観測装置。
[15]観測対象からの透過光または反射光を入力するステップと;前記透過光または前記反射光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するステップと;前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記透過光または前記反射光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するステップと;前記のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと;前記強度分布に基づいて前記透過光または前記反射光における光強度分布および光位相分布を算出するステップと;を有する、光強度分布および光位相分布の観測方法。
実施の形態1では、振幅変調と位相変調とを併用して生成された信号光(空間直交振幅変調信号光)を用いてホログラフィックメモリにデータページ(2次元データ)を記録し、かつこのホログラフィックメモリから記録されたデータページを再生することができるホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
第1の方法では、第2の参照光230の位相をφ1,φ2,…φNと変化させて、特性の異なる第2のホログラムをN回生成する。このとき、第2のホログラムの再生光の強度が最も高いときの第2の参照光の位相が第1のホログラムに記録された位相情報であるとする。振幅情報については、図5に示される光シャッタ135を閉じ、第2のホログラムを生成せず、第1のホログラムの回折光240のみをCCD160で観測することによって、光電変換によって位相成分が自動的に除去されるため振幅情報A(x,y)を復調できる。
空間直交振幅変調信号光A(x,y)exp{iφ(x,y)}を第1のホログラムに記録する際の第1の参照光220の複素振幅をRとすると、第1のホログラム面上に生ずる強度分布は、
実施の形態1では、M個の第2のホログラムを生成する際に可変位相シフタを用いて第2の参照光の位相を変化させた。実施の形態2では、特別な干渉計を利用することで、可変位相シフタを用いずにM個の第2のホログラムを同時に生成するホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
実施の形態2では、各ビームスプリッタ間の光路長を調整する必要があった。実施の形態3では、各ビームスプリッタ間の光路長を調整せずにM個の第2のホログラムを同時に生成するホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
実施の形態3の光学系では、第2のホログラムを一度に4枚検出するためには、4台のCCDが必要であった。実施の形態4では、2台のCCDで第2のホログラムを一度に4枚検出するホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
実施の形態4の光学系では、第2のホログラムを一度に4枚検出するためには、2台のCCDが必要であった。実施の形態5では、1台のCCDで第2のホログラムを一度に4枚検出するホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
上記各実施の形態の光学系では、4つの撮像領域(α=0、α=π/4、α=π/2、α=3π/4)を設ける必要があった。実施の形態6では、2つの撮像領域(α=0、α=π/2)のみで空間直交振幅変調信号を復調することができるホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置について説明する。
信号光の空間的な位相の計測(光複素振幅の計測、空間直交振幅変調信号の計測を含む)には、信号光と別の光とを干渉させることによって位相を強度に変換する必要がある。観測対象の位相を精密に測定するためには、位相の異なる干渉光を用いる位相シフト干渉計測法が知られている。
実施例1では、本発明のホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置を用いて、8値空間位相変調信号(8-SPM)の記録および再生のシミュレーションを行った結果を示す。
実施例2では、本発明のホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置を用いて、8値空間直交振幅変調信号(8-SQAM)の記録および再生のシミュレーションを行った結果を示す。
実施例3では、本発明のホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置(実施の形態1参照)を用いて、6値空間直交振幅変調信号(6-SQAM)の記録および再生を実際に行った結果を示す。
実施例4では、本発明の復調装置(実施の形態4参照)を用いて、6値空間直交振幅変調信号(6-SQAM)の復調を実際に行った結果を示す。
実施例5では、本発明の観測装置(実施の形態4参照)を用いて、生体観測を行った結果を示す。本実施例では、図41に示される観測装置を用いて、ミジンコ(Daphnia pulex)およびセイヨウミツバチ(Apis mellifera)の後肢を観測した。
実施例6では、本発明の観測装置(実施の形態4参照)を用いて、偏光観測を行った結果を示す。本実施例では、図46に示される観測装置を用いて、晶質石灰岩の薄片を観測した。
実施例7では、本発明の観測装置(実施の形態4,6参照)を用いて、偏光観測を行った結果を示す。本実施例では、図41に示される観測装置を用いて、ナメクジウオ(Branchiostoma belcheri)の切片を観測した。
105 レーザ光源
110 第1のビームスプリッタ
115 空間直交振幅変調信号光生成部
120 第1のレンズ
125 第1のミラー
130 第2のビームスプリッタ
135 光シャッタ
140 第2のレンズ
145 可変位相シフタ
150 第2のミラー
155 第3のビームスプリッタ
160 CCD
165 ホログラフィックメモリ
210 空間直交振幅変調信号光
220 第1の参照光
230 第2の参照光
240 第1のホログラムの回折光
250 第2のホログラム
305 第1のビームスプリッタ
310 第2のビームスプリッタ
315 第3のビームスプリッタ
320 第4のビームスプリッタ
325 位相シフタ
330 第1のCCD
335 第2のCCD
340 第3のCCD
345 第4のCCD
405 半波長板
410 可変位相シフタ
415 λ/4波長板
420 ビームスプリッタ
425 第1の偏光ビームスプリッタ
430 第2の偏光ビームスプリッタ
435 第1のCCD
440 第2のCCD
445 第3のCCD
450 第4のCCD
505 半波長板
510 可変位相シフタ
515 λ/4波長板
520 ビームスプリッタ
525 第1のミラー
530 第2のミラー
535 偏光ビームスプリッタ
540 第1のCCD
545 第2のCCD
550 第2の偏光ビームスプリッタ
555 第3の偏光ビームスプリッタ
560 第2のビームスプリッタ
565 第3のミラー
605 半波長板
610 可変位相シフタ
615 λ/4波長板
620 第1のビームスプリッタ
625 第1のミラー
630 第2のミラー
635 第1の偏光ビームスプリッタ
640 第2の偏光ビームスプリッタ
645 第3の偏光ビームスプリッタ
650 第4の偏光ビームスプリッタ
655 第2のビームスプリッタ
660 CCD
665 第3のビームスプリッタ
670 第4のビームスプリッタ
675 位相シフタ
705 半波長板
710 λ/4波長板
715 ビームスプリッタ
720 偏光ビームスプリッタ
725 第1のCCD
730 第2のCCD
805 半波長板
810 λ/4波長板
815 偏光ビームスプリッタ
820 第1のミラー
825 第2のミラー
830 ビームスプリッタ
835 CCD
900,1000 ホログラフィックメモリ記録再生装置
910,1010,1110 空間直交振幅変調信号光生成部
920,1020,1120,1210,1310 ホログラム生成部
1100 復調装置
1200,1300 観測装置
Claims (15)
- 空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムが記録されたホログラフィックメモリの再生装置であって、
第1の参照光を前記ホログラフィックメモリに照射して、前記第1のホログラムの回折光を生成するホログラム回折光生成部と、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光と干渉しうる第2の参照光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記第1のホログラムの回折光と前記位相を変化させた第2の参照光とから第2のホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と、
前記第2のホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調する処理部と、
を有する、ホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - レーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源から出射されたレーザ光を前記第1の参照光と前記第2の参照光に分離するレーザ光分離部と、
をさらに有する、請求項1に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - 前記ホログラム生成部は、前記第2の参照光の位相を変化させる可変位相シフタと、前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記可変位相シフタにより位相を変えられた第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタとを有する、請求項1に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。
- 前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し、
前記ホログラム生成部は、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、
第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、
前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第1の偏光ビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第2の偏光ビームスプリッタと、
を有する、
請求項2に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - 前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し、
前記ホログラム生成部は、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、
第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、
前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第1の面に入射し、前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第2の面に入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、
を有する、
請求項2に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - 前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し、
前記ホログラム生成部は、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、
第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、
前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射する第1のビームスプリッタと、
前記第1のビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第1のビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光の一部の光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第1の偏光ビームスプリッタと、
前記第1のビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第1のビームスプリッタで反射した前記第2の参照光の一部の光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する第2の偏光ビームスプリッタと、
前記第1の偏光ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光、ならびに前記第1の偏光ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第1の面に入射し、前記第2の偏光ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光、ならびに前記第2の偏光ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第1のホログラムの回折光の一部の光および前記第2の参照光の一部の光がその第2の面に入射する第2のビームスプリッタと、
を有する、
請求項2に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - 前記レーザ光源は、直線偏光のレーザ光を出射し、
前記ホログラム生成部は、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光の偏光角を45度回転する半波長板と、
第2の参照光の偏光状態を円偏光に変換するλ/4波長板と、
前記半波長板により偏光角を変えられた前記第1のホログラムの回折光がその第1の面に入射し、前記λ/4波長板により偏光状態を変えられた前記第2の参照光がその第2の面に入射するビームスプリッタと、
前記ビームスプリッタで反射した前記第1のホログラムの回折光および前記ビームスプリッタを透過した前記第2の参照光が入射し、入射した光の水平偏光成分および垂直偏光成分の一方を透過させ、他方を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタと、
を有する、
請求項2に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - レーザ光を空間直交振幅変調して空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を生成する空間直交振幅変調信号光生成部と、
前記信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムをホログラフィックメモリに記録する記録部と、
をさらに有する、請求項1に記載のホログラフィックメモリ再生装置。 - 空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光と参照光とから生成される第1のホログラムが記録されたホログラフィックメモリの再生方法であって、
第1の参照光を前記ホログラフィックメモリに照射して、前記第1のホログラムの回折光を生成するステップと、
前記第1のホログラムの回折光と干渉しうる第2の参照光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記第1のホログラムの回折光と前記位相を変化させた第2の参照光とから第2のホログラムを生成するステップと、
前記第2のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調するステップと、
を有するホログラフィックメモリの再生方法。 - レーザ光源から出射されたレーザ光を前記第1の参照光と前記第2の参照光に分離するステップをさらに有する、請求項10に記載のホログラフィックメモリの再生方法。
- 空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を受信する入力部と、
前記信号光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記信号光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と、
前記ホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調する処理部と、
を有する、空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号の復調装置。 - 空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号を含む信号光を受信するステップと、
前記信号光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するステップと、
前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記信号光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するステップと、
前記のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記空間位相変調信号または前記空間直交振幅変調信号を復調するステップと、
を有する、空間位相変調信号または空間直交振幅変調信号の復調方法。 - 観測対象からの透過光または反射光を入力する入力部と、
前記透過光または前記反射光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記透過光または前記反射光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するホログラム生成部と、
前記ホログラムの強度分布を検出する検出部と、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記透過光または前記反射光における光強度分布および光位相分布を算出する処理部と、
を有する、光強度分布および光位相分布の観測装置。 - 観測対象からの透過光または反射光を入力するステップと、
前記透過光または前記反射光と干渉しうるレーザ光を出射するステップと、
前記レーザ光の位相を変化させるとともに、前記透過光または前記反射光と前記位相を変化させたレーザ光とからホログラムを生成するステップと、
前記のホログラムの強度分布を検出するステップと、
前記強度分布に基づいて前記透過光または前記反射光における光強度分布および光位相分布を算出するステップと、
を有する、光強度分布および光位相分布の観測方法。
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KR20140008302A (ko) | 2014-01-21 |
CN103348409B (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
CN103348409A (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
EP2631909B1 (en) | 2019-09-25 |
EP2631909A4 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
KR101785761B1 (ko) | 2017-10-16 |
JP5862896B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 |
JPWO2012053198A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
US8817585B2 (en) | 2014-08-26 |
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US20130215730A1 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
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