WO2012043574A1 - 球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法 - Google Patents
球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012043574A1 WO2012043574A1 PCT/JP2011/072098 JP2011072098W WO2012043574A1 WO 2012043574 A1 WO2012043574 A1 WO 2012043574A1 JP 2011072098 W JP2011072098 W JP 2011072098W WO 2012043574 A1 WO2012043574 A1 WO 2012043574A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a spherical aluminum nitride powder suitable as a filler for a heat radiation material for filling a resin, grease, adhesive, paint or the like to improve heat radiation.
- aluminum nitride Since aluminum nitride has excellent electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity, its sintered body or powder-filled resin, grease, adhesive, paint, and other materials can be used as heat dissipation materials with high thermal conductivity. Be expected.
- the aluminum nitride powder is produced by reducing and nitriding an alumina and carbon composition, a direct nitriding method in which aluminum and nitrogen are directly reacted, an alkylaluminum and ammonia are reacted, and then heated.
- a gas phase method or the like is known.
- the aluminum nitride powder obtained by the reductive nitriding method and the gas phase method has a shape close to a sphere, but the particle size is only in the submicron order.
- the aluminum nitride powder obtained by the direct nitriding method is produced by pulverization and classification, the control of the particle size is relatively easy, and the aluminum nitride powder having a particle size of about several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m is used. Although it is possible to obtain, the particles that make up such a powder are non-spherical with an angular shape. Therefore, it is difficult to highly fill the aluminum nitride powder obtained by the above method in the resin.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a mixture of alumina powder and carbon powder is fired in an inert atmosphere to produce aluminum carbide, and then grown in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen. Discloses a method of obtaining an aluminum nitride powder having a rounded shape with an average particle diameter of 3 ⁇ m or more. However, in this method, since the firing atmosphere is changed, it is difficult to control the grain growth of alumina, that is, to control the particle size distribution of the obtained aluminum nitride powder.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that spherical alumina is reduced and nitrided with nitrogen gas or ammonia gas in the presence of carbon, and then surface-oxidized, so that the average particle diameter is 50 ⁇ m or less and the sphericity is 0.8 or more.
- a method for producing spherical aluminum nitride powder having excellent water resistance is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 aluminum nitride is fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere containing nitrogen using a mixed powder of aluminum oxide powder, carbon powder, alkaline earth metal compound or rare earth element compound as a starting material.
- a method for producing a powder is disclosed. This method is intended to produce aluminum nitride at a low temperature of 1,500 ° C. or lower by utilizing the action of an alkaline earth metal compound or rare earth compound to accelerate the reaction.
- the aluminum nitride powder obtained by this method has a particle size of about 1 ⁇ m at most, and a product having a relatively large particle size on the order of several ⁇ m has not been obtained.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that an amorphous aluminum nitride powder is spheroidized by aging (heat treatment) in a flux composed of a compound such as an alkaline earth element or a rare earth element, and then the flux is dissolved to obtain a single powder.
- a method for obtaining separated crystalline aluminum nitride powder is disclosed. In this method, a high fluidity and a high filling rate can be obtained, but impurities are easily mixed in the aluminum nitride powder, and it is necessary to strictly control the manufacturing conditions, and there are many steps and the manufacturing cost is high.
- JP-A-3-23206 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-162555 JP-A-5-221618 JP 2002-179413 A
- an object of the present invention is to provide a production method for obtaining a spherical aluminum nitride powder having a spherical shape optimum for filler use and having an average particle size of 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m with high productivity. .
- the present inventors used a mixed powder obtained by mixing alumina or alumina hydrate, carbon powder, and a compound containing a rare earth metal at a specific ratio, By reducing and nitriding under a specific temperature, it was found that aluminum nitride powder having a spherical shape and a desired particle diameter can be obtained with high productivity, and the present invention has been completed.
- alumina or alumina hydrate 100 parts by mass of alumina or alumina hydrate, a compound containing 0.5 to 30 parts by mass of rare earth metal, and 38 to 46 parts by mass of carbon powder are mixed, Reducing or nitriding alumina or alumina hydrate by maintaining the mixture at a temperature of 1620 to 1900 ° C. for 2 hours or more under a nitrogen-containing atmosphere; A method for producing a spherical aluminum nitride powder is provided.
- the average particle size is 3 to 30 ⁇ m
- the rare earth metal content in terms of oxide is in the range of 0.4 wt% to 28 wt%
- the lattice constant of the C axis of the aluminum nitride crystal is A spherical aluminum nitride powder characterized by being composed of aluminum nitride particles having a size of 4.9800 mm or more is provided. Such spherical aluminum nitride powder can be produced by the method described above.
- the spherical aluminum nitride powder obtained by the production method of the present invention is a rounded particle having no corners, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (DS / DL) of the particle is 0.75 or more. And high sphericity.
- the average particle diameter is 3 to 30 ⁇ m, and the oxygen content is small in relation to containing a certain amount of rare earth metal, and accordingly, the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal is 4.98004. That's it.
- the average particle diameter refers to the particle diameter when the cumulative volume in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method is 50%.
- the C-axis lattice constant of the aluminum nitride crystal is a value measured using an X-ray diffractometer and using Si as an external standard material.
- the aluminum nitride powder obtained by the present invention has an average particle size of 3 to 30 ⁇ m, an unprecedented large particle size, and the C-axis lattice constant of the aluminum nitride crystal is a large value of 4.9800 mm or more. Show.
- the lattice constant of the C axis serves as an index for evaluating the solid solution oxygen concentration of the aluminum nitride particles, and the aluminum nitride particles having a larger value have a lower solid solution oxygen concentration and thus a higher thermal conductivity.
- an aluminum nitride powder having a particle size and shape optimal for filler use can be obtained with high productivity.
- this spherical aluminum nitride powder has a spherical shape with a high sphericity and a desired particle size, and can be filled into a resin or grease, and also has a high thermal conductivity and high heat dissipation material. Thermal conductivity can be imparted.
- a liquid phase in which alumina is first dissolved is formed at a specific reductive nitriding temperature condition. Is controlled within a certain range, the amount of alumina dissolved in the formed liquid phase is adjusted, thereby forming an agglomerate having a desired particle size, and at the same time reducing nitriding proceed.
- this reduction nitridation is performed under a specific temperature condition, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the aluminum nitride crystal is reduced by the compound containing the rare earth metal remaining in the particles. Spherical aluminum nitride powder is considered to be obtained.
- FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph showing the particle structure of spherical aluminum nitride powder obtained in Example 1.
- an Al source, carbon powder, and a compound containing a rare earth metal are used, and these are mixed at a specific quantity ratio, and this mixture is subjected to reductive nitriding treatment under specific conditions, and further if necessary.
- a decarbonization treatment is performed, whereby the intended spherical aluminum nitride powder is produced with good reproducibility.
- ⁇ Al source> As the Al source, alumina or alumina hydrate is used. Such an Al source is dehydrated and transitioned by heating, such as alumina having a crystal structure such as ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , boehmite, diaspore, gibbsite, bayerite, todite, etc. Alternatively, alumina hydrate partially transferred to ⁇ -alumina may be used, and these may be used alone or in a mixed state. In the present invention, ⁇ -alumina, ⁇ -alumina and boehmite, which have particularly high reaction activity and are easy to control, are preferably used as the Al source.
- the alumina or alumina hydrate used as the Al source has an average particle size of 2 ⁇ m or less. That is, when particles having a large average particle diameter are used, the progress of reductive nitriding may be delayed.
- the carbon powder used in the present invention functions as a reducing agent, and carbon black and graphite powder can be used.
- carbon black furnace black, channel black, and acetylene black are preferably used.
- the carbon powder used preferably has a BET specific surface area of 0.01 to 500 m 2 / g.
- ⁇ Rare earth metal compound> In the compound containing a rare earth metal used in the present invention, examples of the rare earth metal include yttrium, lanthanum, praseodymium, terbium, and the like, and representative examples of the compound include oxides, carbides, and halides. In the present invention, among these rare earth metal compounds, those which can be co-melted with alumina at 1200 to 1900 ° C., particularly 1300 to 1800 ° C., are preferably used. For example, when a compound having a temperature capable of co-melting with alumina of less than 1200 ° C. is used, the alumina particles tend to aggregate with each other, and when a compound having a temperature exceeding 1900 ° C. is used, spheroidization is difficult. Tend to be.
- suitable rare earth metal compounds include oxides such as yttrium oxide, lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, and terbium oxide, and halides such as fluoride, and these may be used alone. Can be used in combination. Among these rare earth metal compounds, yttrium and lanthanum compounds are preferable, and yttrium oxide is most preferable.
- the compound containing a rare earth metal element may be capable of generating the rare earth metal oxide, carbide or halide exemplified above during the reductive nitriding.
- rare earth metal carbonates, nitrates, acetates, hydroxides and the like can also be suitably used.
- the rare earth metal compound to be used is granular, and the particle diameter is not particularly limited, but generally, those having a particle diameter in the range of 0.01 to 100 ⁇ m, particularly 0.1 to 30 ⁇ m are suitable. is there. Further, its specific surface area (BET) is not particularly limited, but generally, those having a specific surface area of 0.01 to 500.0 m 2 / g, particularly 0.1 to 100.0 m 2 / g are preferably used. Is done.
- a sintering aid for example, 1200 to 1900 ° C., preferably 1300 to 1800 ° C., and alumina is used as long as it has the desired shape and particle diameter but does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- a meltable alkaline earth metal oxide, carbide or halide typically calcium oxide can be used in combination.
- ⁇ Raw material mixing> Each raw material mentioned above is mixed and used for a reduction nitriding process.
- the mixing means is not particularly limited as long as each raw material is uniform. Usually, a blender, a mixer, and a ball mill are used.
- the mixing 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 25 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass of the rare earth metal compound in terms of oxide with respect to 100 parts by mass of the Al source such as alumina.
- the carbon powder is used in an amount of 38 to 46 parts by mass, preferably 39 to 45 parts by mass, more preferably 40 to 44 parts by mass.
- the amount of rare earth metal compound used when the amount of rare earth metal compound used is small, the grain growth of aluminum nitride particles becomes unsatisfactory, the particle diameter does not exceed 3 microns, and the C-axis lattice constant of the aluminum nitride crystal also decreases. . This is presumed to be due to the fact that a sufficient amount of liquid phase is not generated during reductive nitriding.
- the amount of rare earth metal compound used is too large, the rare earth metal element compound remains as an impurity in the aluminum nitride powder, resulting in agglomeration of the aluminum nitride particles, and the resulting aluminum nitride powder is more than necessary. A lot of coarse grains are included.
- the Al source such as alumina will be present in a sparse state in the mixture, resulting in insufficient aluminum nitride particle growth during firing, and an average of 3 microns or more. It becomes impossible to obtain spherical aluminum nitride powder having a particle size.
- the amount of carbon powder used is too small, the aggregation of Al sources such as alumina is intense, and as with the case where the amount of rare earth metal compound used is too large, the resulting aluminum nitride powder has coarse particles that are larger than necessary. Many will be included.
- the reductive nitridation is performed at a temperature of 1620 to 1900 ° C., preferably 1650 ° C. or higher, in a nitrogen-containing atmosphere (for example, under a nitrogen gas flow) at least a raw material mixture containing at least the above-mentioned Al source, carbon powder and rare earth metal compound. It is carried out by holding at a temperature of 1800 ° C., most preferably 1680 to 1750 ° C. for 2 to 50 hours, preferably 5 to 20 hours, most preferably 8 to 17 hours.
- an Al source alumina or alumina hydrate
- a rare earth metal compound co-melting agent
- a carbon powder as a reducing agent in the above temperature range and firing.
- the reduction nitridation of the Al source proceeds.
- most of the rare earth metal compound to be added is not scattered even during reductive nitriding, so that oxygen dissolved in AlN particles can be efficiently reduced.
- the rare earth metal content in the resulting aluminum nitride powder is 0.4 to 28% by weight.
- the firing temperature is less than 1620 ° C.
- the lattice constant of the C axis of the AlN crystal is small, and the thermal conductivity of the AlN particles themselves is low.
- the firing temperature exceeds 1900 ° C.
- AlON oxynitride having a low thermal conductivity is generated or oxygen is liable to be dissolved in AlN particles.
- the amount of oxygen dissolved in the AlN particles can be estimated from the above-described lattice constant of the C axis of the AlN crystal.
- the firing time is less than 2 hours, the nitriding reaction is not completed, the spheroidization of AlN particles does not progress, and the lattice constant of the C axis of the AlN crystal becomes small.
- the firing time exceeds 50 hours, the AlN particles are aggregated and coarse particles tend to be generated.
- the raw material mixed powder may be a carbon setter or the like.
- ⁇ Decarbonization treatment> since the aluminum nitride powder obtained by the said reaction contains the excess carbon powder, it is preferable to perform a decarbonization process.
- This decarbonization treatment is performed by oxidizing and removing carbon, and is performed using an oxidizing gas.
- an oxidizing gas any gas that can remove carbon, such as air, oxygen, etc., can be used without any limitation, but air is preferable in consideration of economy and the oxygen concentration of the obtained aluminum nitride.
- the treatment temperature is generally 500 to 900 ° C., preferably 600 to 750 ° C. in consideration of the decarbonization efficiency and excessive oxidation of the aluminum nitride surface.
- the oxidation temperature is too high, the surface of the aluminum nitride powder is excessively oxidized, and it is difficult to obtain a spherical aluminum nitride powder having a target oxygen concentration. Therefore, it is preferable to select an appropriate oxidation temperature and time.
- the spherical aluminum nitride powder of the present invention thus obtained has an average particle size of 3 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 3 to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the rare earth metal compound most preferably yttrium oxide
- the rare earth metal compound is 0.4 to 28% by weight in terms of oxide, preferably 0.9 to 0.9 with the use of the rare earth metal compound described above. 23 wt%, most preferably 1.8 to 9.0 wt.
- the C-axis lattice constant of the AlN crystal is 4.9800 ⁇ or more, especially It shows a value of 4.9802 ⁇ or more, and further 4.9804 ⁇ or more. From this, it can be seen that the oxygen solid solution in the aluminum nitride particles is small. That is, this value is a value achieved by a specific manufacturing method using a compound containing the above-mentioned specific rare earth metal element, and the spherical aluminum nitride of the present invention exhibits a high thermal conductivity. When the resin is filled, an improvement effect with high thermal conductivity is obtained.
- the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis (DS / DL) of the AlN particles constituting the powder is 0.75 or more, preferably 0.80, and more preferably 0.85 or more. If the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the aluminum nitride particles is 0.75 or more, the matrix resin can be highly filled. Further, the AlN particles have the above-mentioned DS / DL and have a shape with no corners as shown in the micrograph of FIG. 1, and the individual particles are almost spherical.
- Such spherical aluminum nitride powder (especially one subjected to decarbonization treatment) is pulverized and classified as necessary to adjust the particle size according to the purpose.
- the surface of the aluminum nitride particles can be treated by a known method. Specifically, organosilicon compounds such as silicone oil, silylating agent, silane coupling agent, treatment with phosphoric acid or phosphate, fatty acid, coating treatment with polymer such as polyamide resin, inorganic materials such as alumina and silica Examples include film treatment.
- the spherical aluminum nitride powder obtained by the method of the present invention is widely used as a filler for heat radiating materials such as heat radiating sheets, heat radiating grease, heat radiating adhesives, paints, heat conductive resins, etc., taking advantage of the properties of aluminum nitride. Can be used.
- the resin and grease used as the matrix of the heat dissipation material are thermosetting resins such as epoxy resin and phenol resin, thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, silicone rubber, EPR, Examples thereof include rubbers such as SBR and silicone oil.
- the matrix of the heat dissipation material for example, an epoxy resin or a silicone resin is preferable, and an addition reaction type liquid silicone rubber is preferable for a highly flexible heat dissipation member.
- such a heat dissipation material may be filled with one kind or several kinds of fillers such as alumina, boron nitride, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, and graphite.
- fillers such as alumina, boron nitride, zinc oxide, silicon carbide, and graphite.
- the shape and particle size of the spherical aluminum nitride powder of the present invention and other fillers may be selected according to the above.
- these fillers for example, those which have been surface-treated with a silane coupling agent may be used.
- the mixing ratio of the spherical aluminum nitride powder and the other filler in the heat dissipation material can be adjusted as appropriate within a range of 1:99 to 99: 1.
- the above resin composition can be manufactured by mixing with a blender or a mixer, and the heat dissipation material is molded by a press molding method, an extrusion molding method or a doctor blade method, and is cured by heating. Can be manufactured.
- Average particle diameter The average particle diameter (D 50), a sample is dispersed in sodium pyrophosphate aqueous solution with a homogenizer was measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer (Nikkiso Co., Ltd. MICROTRAC HRA).
- Sphericality of particles (ratio of major axis to minor axis) Select 100 arbitrary particles from a photographic image of an electron microscope, measure the major axis (DL) and minor axis (DS) of the particle image using a scale, and calculate the average value of the ratio (DS / DL) as the sphericity As a guideline.
- the cationic impurity content (metal element concentration) was determined by using an ICP emission analyzer (ICPS-7510 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) after the aluminum nitride powder was melted with alkali and neutralized with an acid. Quantified.
- C-axis lattice constant of AlN crystal was measured using an X-ray diffractometer (RINT-1400 manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) and Si as an external standard substance. .
- Thermal conductivity of silicone rubber sheet A thermally conductive silicone rubber composition is molded into a size of 10 cm x 6 cm and a thickness of 3 mm and cured by heating in a hot air circulation oven at 150 ° C for 1 hour to conduct heat. The thermal conductivity was measured using a rate meter (QTM-500, manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry). In order to prevent electric leakage from the detection part, the measurement was made through a polyvinylidene chloride film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- Example 1 As an Al source, an average particle diameter of 1.2 [mu] m, using ⁇ -alumina having a specific surface area of 10.7 m 2 / g, as the carbon powder, the specific surface area of 125m 2 / g are used carbon black, as the rare earth metal compound, the average particle Yttrium oxide having a diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 11.7 m 2 / g was used. After mixing 100 parts by mass of the above ⁇ -alumina, 42 parts by mass of carbon black, and 3.0 parts by mass of yttrium oxide, the mixture was charged into a graphite setter.
- reduction nitridation is performed by firing under conditions of a firing temperature of 1700 ° C. and a firing time of 15 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then an oxidization treatment (decarbonization treatment) is performed at 700 ° C. for 12 hours in an air atmosphere.
- Aluminum powder was obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the obtained aluminum nitride powder, the shape observation, the ratio measurement of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the measurement of the cation impurity content, and the lattice constant measurement of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal were carried out. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 A spherical aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -alumina as the Al source was changed to boehmite having an average particle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of 12.7 m 2 / g.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 A spherical aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 1650 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal. Furthermore, using the obtained aluminum nitride powder, a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 4 A spherical aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of yttrium oxide, which is a rare earth metal compound, was 1.0 part by mass. Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal. Furthermore, using the obtained aluminum nitride powder, a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 A spherical aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending amount of yttrium oxide was 5.0 parts by mass.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal. Furthermore, using the obtained aluminum nitride powder, a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 6> A spherical aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of carbon black was 39 parts by mass.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal. Furthermore, using the obtained aluminum nitride powder, a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 An aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending amount of yttrium oxide was 10 parts by mass. Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal. Furthermore, using the obtained aluminum nitride powder, a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
- Aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of carbon black was 36 parts by mass.
- Table 2 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- Aluminum nitride powder was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of yttrium oxide was 0.3 parts by mass.
- Table 2 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- Example 3 An aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 1920 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- a sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the thermal conductivity was measured. The results are also shown in Table 2.
- Example 5 An aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing time was 1 hour.
- Table 2 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- Example 6 An aluminum nitride powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending amount of yttrium oxide was 35 parts by mass.
- Table 2 shows the average particle diameter and shape of the obtained spherical aluminum nitride powder, the ratio of the major and minor diameters of the aluminum nitride particles, the cationic impurity content, and the lattice constant of the C-axis of the aluminum nitride crystal.
- the spherical aluminum nitride powder obtained by the present invention has a shape and particle size suitable for a filler, it can be highly filled into a matrix such as resin or grease, and has a high heat conductivity. Heat radiation grease, heat radiation adhesive, etc. can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
前記混合物を、含窒素雰囲気下、1620~1900℃の温度に2時間以上保持することにより、アルミナまたはアルミナ水和物を還元窒化すること、
を特徴とする球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法が提供される。
本発明によれば、また、平均粒子径が3~30μm、酸化物換算での希土類金属含有量が0.4重量%~28重量%の範囲にあり、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数が4.9800Å以上である窒化アルミニウム粒子より構成されていることを特徴とする球状窒化アルミニウム粉末が提供される。かかる球状窒化アルミニウム粉末は、上記の方法で製造することができる。
尚、平均粒子径は、レーザー回折/散乱法により測定した粒度分布における累積体積が50%のときの粒子径をいう。
また、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数は、X線回折装置を使用し、Siを外部標準物質として用い、測定した値である。
Al源としては、アルミナ或いはアルミナ水和物が使用される。
このようなAl源は、α、γ、θ、δ、η、κ、χ等の結晶構造を持つアルミナや、ベーマイト、ダイアスポア、ギブサイト、バイヤライト、トーダイトなど加熱により脱水転移して最終的に全部又は一部がα-アルミナに転移するアルミナ水和物であってよく、これらは単独或いは種類の異なるものが混合された状態で用いることもできる。本発明においては、特に反応活性が高く、制御が容易なα-アルミナ、γ-アルミナ、ベーマイトがAl源として好適に用いられる。
本発明で用いるカーボン粉末は、還元剤として機能するものであり、カーボンブラック、黒鉛粉末が使用できる。カーボンブラックとしては、ファーネスブラック、チャンネルブラック及びアセチレンブラックが好適に使用される。
用いるカーボン粉末のBET比表面積は、0.01~500m2/gのものを用いるのが好ましい。
本発明で用いる希土類金属を含む化合物において、希土類金属としては、イットリウム、ランタン、プラセオジム、テルビウム等を挙げることができ、その化合物としては、酸化物、炭化物又はハロゲン化物が代表的である。
本発明においては、このような希土類金属化合物の中で、1200~1900℃、特に1300~1800℃でアルミナと共融解し得るものが好適に使用される。例えば、アルミナと共融解し得る温度が1200℃未満の化合物を用いた場合、アルミナ粒子同士が凝集しやすくなってしまい、また、上記温度が1900℃を超える化合物を用いた場合、球状化が困難となる傾向がある。
また、本発明においては、目的とする形状、粒子径等を有するが本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、焼結助剤、例えば1200~1900℃、好ましくは、1300~1800℃でアルミナと共融解し得るアルカリ土類金属の酸化物、炭化物又はハロゲン化物など(代表的には酸化カルシウム)を併用することもできる。
上述した各原料は混合されて還元窒化工程に供される。混合手段は、各原料が均一になるような方法であれば特に制限されないが、通常はブレンダー、ミキサー、ボールミルを用いて行われる。
さらに、カーボン粉末の使用量が多すぎると、上記アルミナ等のAl源が混合物中に疎な状態で存在することとなり、焼成の際、窒化アルミニウムの粒子成長が不十分となり、3ミクロン以上の平均粒径を有する球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を得ることができなくなってしまう。また、カーボン粉末の使用量が少なすぎると、アルミナ等のAl源の凝集が激しく、希土類金属化合物の使用量が多すぎる場合と同様、得られる窒化アルミニウム粉末は、必要以上に粗大な粗粒が多く含まれることとなる。
本発明において、還元窒化は、少なくとも上述したAl源、カーボン粉末及び希土類金属化合物を含む原料混合物を、含窒素雰囲気下(例えば窒素ガス流通下)で、1620~1900℃、好適には1650℃~1800℃、最も好適には1680~1750℃の温度で、2~50時間、好適には5~20時間、最も好適には8~17時間、保持することにより実施される。
即ち、Al源(アルミナまたはアルミナ水和物)の微細な粒子を希土類金属化合物(共融解剤)と共に、還元剤であるカーボン粉末が共存する条件下で上記温度範囲に保持して焼成することにより、Al源の還元窒化を進行させるわけである。
本発明において、添加する希土類金属化合物は還元窒化の際にもほとんどが飛散しないため、AlN粒子固溶した酸素を効率よく低減できる。得られる窒化アルミニウム粉末中の希土類金属含有量は0.4~28重量%である。
尚、AlN粒子に固溶した酸素の量は、前述したAlN結晶のC軸の格子定数より推定できる。
本発明において、上記反応により得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末は余剰のカーボン粉末を含んでいるため、脱炭素処理を行うのが好ましい。
この脱炭素処理は、炭素を酸化して取り除くものであり、酸化性ガスを用いて行われる。この酸化性ガスとしては、空気、酸素、など炭素を除去できるガスならば何等制限無く採用できるが、経済性や得られる窒化アルミニウムの酸素濃度を考慮して、空気が好適である。また、処理温度は一般的に500~900℃がよく、脱炭素の効率と窒化アルミニウム表面の過剰酸化を考慮して、600~750℃が好適である。
かくして得られる本発明の球状窒化アルミニウム粉末は、平均粒子径が3~30μm、好ましくは3~20μm、さらに好ましくは3~10μmである。
また、この球状窒化アルミニウム粉末中には、前述した希土類金属化合物の使用に伴い、希土類金属化合物(最も好ましくは酸化イットリウム)が酸化物換算で0.4~28重量%、好ましくは0.9~23重量%、最も好適には1.8~9.0重量の量で含まれており、このような希土類金属量に関連して、AlN結晶のC軸の格子定数が4.9800Å以上、特に、4.9802Å以上、さらには4.9804Å以上の値を示し、これより、窒化アルミニウム粒子への酸素固溶が少ないものであることが判る。即ち、かかる値は、前述した特定の希土類金属元素を含む化合物を使用し、特定の製造方法によって達成される値であり、本発明の球状窒化アルミニウムはこれにより高い熱伝導率を発揮し、これを樹脂に充填した場合、熱伝導性の高い改善効果が得られる。
このような球状窒化アルミニウム粉末(特に脱炭素処理がされたもの)は、必要に応じて粉砕、分級を行い、目的に応じた粒度に調整される。
また、耐水性や樹脂との相溶性を向上させるため、窒化アルミニウム粒子の表面を公知の方法で処理することができる。具体的には、シリコーンオイル、シリル化剤、シランカップリング剤などの有機珪素化合物、リン酸や又はリン酸塩、脂肪酸による処理、ポリアミド樹脂などの高分子による皮膜処理、アルミナ、シリカなどの無機質皮膜処理などが挙げられる。
本発明の方法により得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末は、窒化アルミニウムの性質を生かした種々の用途、特に放熱シート、放熱グリース、放熱接着剤、塗料、熱伝導性樹脂などの放熱材料用フィラーとして広く用いることができる。
平均粒子径(D50)は、試料をホモジナイザーにてピロリン酸ソーダ水溶液中に分散させ、レーザー回折粒度分布装置(日機装株式会社製MICROTRAC HRA)にて測定した。
窒化アルミニウム粉末の形状は、走査型電子顕微鏡(日立製作所製S-2600N)にて観察した。
電子顕微鏡の写真像から、任意の粒子100個を選んで、スケールを用いて粒子像の長径(DL)と短径(DS)を測定し、その比(DS/DL)の平均値を球形度の目安とした。
陽イオン不純物含有量(金属元素濃度)は、窒化アルミニウム粉末をアルカリ溶融後、酸で中和し、ICP発光分析計(島津製作所製ICPS-7510)を使用して定量した。
窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数は、X線回折装置((株)リガク製RINT-1400)を使用し、Siを外部標準物質として用い、測定した。
熱伝導性シリコーンゴム組成物を10cm×6cm、厚さ3mmの大きさに成形し150℃の熱風循環式オーブン中で1時間加熱して硬化し、熱伝導率計(京都電子工業製QTM-500)を用いて熱伝導率を測定した。なお検出部からの漏電防止のため、厚さ10μmのポリ塩化ビニリデンフイルムを介して測定した。
Al源として、平均粒子径1.2μm、比表面積10.7m2/gのαアルミナを使用し、カーボン粉末として、比表面積125m2/gがカーボンブラックを使用し、希土類金属化合物として、平均粒子径1.0μm、比表面積11.7m2/gの酸化イットリウムを使用した。
上記のαアルミナ100質量部、カーボンブラック42質量部、及び酸化イットリウム3.0質量部を混合した後、混合物をグラファイトのセッターに充填した。
ついで、窒素雰囲気下において、焼成温度1700℃、焼成時間15時間の条件での焼成により還元窒化を行った後、空気雰囲気下において700℃で12時間、酸化処理(脱炭素処理)を行って窒化アルミニウム粉末を得た。
得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末900質量部と、上記のシリコーン樹脂100質量部、及び離型剤0.5質量部を加圧ニーダーにて混練した。次いで、混練物を冷却した後にロールを用いて架橋剤0.5部と混合後、180℃で15分間加圧プレスして縦10cm、横6cm、厚さ3mmのシートを得た。
得られたシートについて、前述の方法にて、熱伝導率を測定した。結果を表1に併せて示す。
Al源のαアルミナを、平均粒子径1.0μm、比表面積12.7m2/gのベーマイトに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
焼成温度を1650℃とした以外には実施例1と同様にして球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
希土類金属化合物である酸化イットリウムの配合量を1.0質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
酸化イットリウムの配合量を5.0質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
カーボンブラックの配合量を39質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして球状窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
酸化イットリウムの配合量を10質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表1に示す。
カーボンブラックの配合量を36質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表2に示す。
酸化イットリウムの配合量を0.3質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表2に示す。
焼成温度を1920℃とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表1に示す。さらに得られた窒化アルミニウム粉末を用いて、実施例1と同様にシートを作製し、熱伝導率を測定した。その結果を併せて表2に示す。
焼成温度を1550℃とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表2に示す。
焼成時間を1時間とした以外は実施例1と同様にして、窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表2に示す。
酸化イットリウムの配合量を35質量部とした以外は実施例1と同様にして窒化アルミニウム粉末を作製した。
得られた球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の平均粒子径、形状、窒化アルミニウム粒子の長径と短径の比、陽イオン不純物含有量、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数を表2に示す。
Claims (2)
- 100質量部のアルミナまたはアルミナ水和物と、0.5乃至30質量部の希土類金属を含む化合物と、38乃至46質量部のカーボン粉末とを混合し、
前記混合物を、含窒素雰囲気下、1620~1900℃の温度に2時間以上保持することにより、アルミナまたはアルミナ水和物を還元窒化すること、
を特徴とする球状窒化アルミニウム粉末の製造方法。 - 平均粒子径が3~30μm、酸化物換算での希土類金属含有量が0.4重量%~28重量%の範囲にあり、窒化アルミニウム結晶のC軸の格子定数が4.9800Å以上である窒化アルミニウム粒子より構成されていることを特徴とする球状窒化アルミニウム粉末。
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