WO2011148955A1 - 乾燥炉及び乾燥方法 - Google Patents
乾燥炉及び乾燥方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011148955A1 WO2011148955A1 PCT/JP2011/061911 JP2011061911W WO2011148955A1 WO 2011148955 A1 WO2011148955 A1 WO 2011148955A1 JP 2011061911 W JP2011061911 W JP 2011061911W WO 2011148955 A1 WO2011148955 A1 WO 2011148955A1
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- temperature
- dried
- warm
- difficult
- drying
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 30
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
- F26B15/16—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by wheeled trucks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
- F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
- B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
- B05D3/0272—After-treatment with ovens
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2210/00—Drying processes and machines for solid objects characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2210/12—Vehicle bodies, e.g. after being painted
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drying technique for drying an object to be dried with hot air.
- One type of drying oven is a hot air circulation drying oven.
- the material to be dried is dried by circulating hot air.
- an object to be dried is a combination of a plurality of members, and there are thick portions and thin portions.
- the thick part has a large heat capacity, so it is difficult to warm up.
- the thin-walled portion is a portion that is easily warmed because of its small heat capacity.
- Patent Document 1 (FIG. 4). )reference.
- Patent Document 1 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the drying furnace 100 is provided with a furnace body 102 formed so as to surround an object to be dried 101, and a hot air provided in the lower part of the left wall 103 and the lower part of the right wall 104 of the furnace body 102.
- a blower is connected to the hot air outlets 116 and 117, a heating device is connected to the discharge side of the blower, and hot air inlets 105 and 106 are connected to the heating device.
- a pair of left and right heaters 118 and 119 are disposed in the vicinity of the lower portion of the object to be dried 101. These heaters 118 and 119 are connected to a blower and a heating device.
- the hot air blown out from the hot air outlets 109 and 111 is brought into contact with the material to be dried 101 to dry the material to be dried 101.
- Hot air is discharged from the inside of the furnace body 102 through the hot air inlets 114 and 115 to the outside of the furnace body 102, heated, and ejected from the hot air outlets 109 and 111 again through the hot air intake ports 105 and 106. That is, the to-be-dried object 101 is dried by the circulating hot air.
- the bottom 121 of the object to be dried 101 is thick, the bottom 121 has a large heat capacity and is difficult to warm up. Hot air is ejected from the ejection nozzles 122 of the heaters 118 and 119 toward the bottom 121 of the object to be dried 101. By this hot air injection, the rate of temperature rise at the bottom 121 of the object to be dried 101 can be improved.
- the hot air ejected from the ejection nozzles 122 of the heaters 118 and 119 diffuses around the bottom 121 of the object to be dried 101, so that it is difficult to give a targeted amount of heat to the targeted portion. .
- the drying time is lengthened as a measure, the temperature of the bottom 121, which is a part that is difficult to warm up, rises, but the part that is easy to warm of the article 101 receives extra heat even though the temperature has already been raised. become. This is not preferable from the viewpoint of energy saving.
- Embodiment of this invention provides the drying technique which can reduce the excess calorie
- the drying furnace 20 that dries the object to be dried 11 with hot air radiates heat to the parts 35 and 42 that have a larger heat capacity than the other parts 37 and 44 and are difficult to warm in the object to be dried 11.
- heaters 36, 38, 43, 45 may be provided that heat the portions 35, 42 that are difficult to warm up so as to approximate the temperatures of the other portions 37, 44.
- the drying method of drying the object to be dried 11 with hot air using the drying furnace 20 includes a temperature raising step for increasing the temperature of the object to be dried 11 and a heat capacity in the object to be dried.
- the temperature of the parts 35 and 42 that are larger than the other parts 37 and 44 and difficult to warm is measured by the first temperature measuring parts 73 and 77, and the temperature of the other parts 37 and 44 is measured by the second temperature measuring parts 75 and 79.
- a temperature measuring step a local heating step of heating the portions 35 and 42, which are difficult to warm by applying radiant heat to the portions 35, 42 which are difficult to warm, to approximate the temperatures of the other portions 37, 44; And a temperature holding step for keeping the temperature of 11 constant.
- FIG. 1 (a) to FIG. 1 (d) are diagrams illustrating a mechanism for drying a paint on the surface of an object to be dried according to a typical embodiment.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are graphs for explaining the local heating start timings of the comparative example and the example.
- FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are graphs for explaining the heating rate of the comparative example and the example.
- It is sectional drawing of a drying furnace.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part 5 of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7-7 in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8-8 in FIG.
- FIG. 9A to FIG. 9C are diagrams for explaining the operation of the temperature measuring section and the heater. It is a flowchart of a drying method. It is a figure explaining the basic composition of the conventional technology.
- the drying furnace has a heat capacity larger than that of other parts in the object to be dried, and the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm by applying radiant heat approximates the temperature of the other part. Equipped with a heater to heat.
- the other part may be a part that is easily warmed.
- a portion that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried is locally heated with a heater while the entire object to be dried is heated with hot air. Since the radiant heat generated by the heater is absorbed by the object to be dried in the form of electromagnetic waves, it is possible to reliably heat the portion of the object to be dried that is difficult to warm. This heating raises the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried, so that the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the part that is easily warmed.
- the drying furnace of the embodiment by applying radiant heat to a part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried, the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the part that is easily warmed. That is, since it is possible to raise the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried and the part that is easy to warm up, it is not necessary to apply extra heat to the part that is easily warmed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a drying furnace that can reduce the amount of heat that has been given to a portion that is easily warmed in an object to be dried.
- the heater may be a near infrared lamp.
- infrared rays near infrared rays and far infrared rays having wavelengths longer than the near infrared rays are known. It is also known that the absorption rate (energy absorption rate) varies depending on the type of irradiation target.
- the object to be dried is a vehicle body
- the object to be dried is composed of an iron-based material constituting the vehicle body and a coating film formed by applying an acrylic water-based paint or the like to the vehicle body. Table 1 below shows the absorptance of iron and acrylic water-based paints.
- the coating film is mainly heated, far-infrared rays having an absorptance of 74% in the acrylic water-based paint are suitable.
- the coating applied to the inner surface of the vehicle body is not effective. Therefore, in the embodiment, near infrared light having an absorption rate of 35% is adopted for iron, iron, that is, the vehicle body is mainly heated, and the coating film on the inner surface is dried by the heat of the vehicle body.
- near-infrared rays it is possible to raise the temperature of an object to be dried in a time-consuming manner by utilizing the heat conduction of a member even for a portion that is not directly irradiated with near-infrared rays.
- the drying furnace may include a first temperature measuring unit that measures the temperature of a part that is difficult to warm up and a second temperature measuring unit that measures the temperature of another part upstream of the heater. Further, the drying furnace may include a control unit that controls the output of the heater based on temperature information of the first temperature measuring unit and the second temperature measuring unit.
- a high output command is sent from the control unit to the heater .
- the controller outputs a low output command to the heater.
- the temperature of the part of the object to be dried that is difficult to warm is compared with the temperature of the other part, and the heater is controlled by the control unit so as to output an appropriate amount of heat according to the temperature difference. Therefore, an appropriate amount of heat can be given to the portion of the object to be dried that is difficult to warm from the heater.
- the drying method is performed using a drying furnace that dries an object to be dried with hot air.
- the drying method includes a temperature raising step for increasing the temperature of the object to be dried, and a temperature of a part of the object to be dried that has a heat capacity larger than that of other parts and is not easily warmed by the first temperature measuring unit.
- the other part may be a part that is easily warmed.
- the radiant heat used in the local heating process is absorbed by the object to be dried in the form of electromagnetic waves, it is possible to reliably heat the portion of the object to be dried that is difficult to warm. This heating raises the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried, so that the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the part that is easily warmed.
- the drying method of the embodiment in the local heating step, by applying radiant heat to the part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried, the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the part that is easily warmed. . That is, since it is possible to raise the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried and the part that is easy to warm up, it is not necessary to apply extra heat to the part that is easily warmed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a drying method capable of reducing the excess amount of heat given to a portion that is easily warmed in an object to be dried.
- the object to be dried may be one that has been coated before being put into the drying furnace.
- the temperature of the part that is difficult to warm measured by the first temperature measuring unit is equal to the crosslinking temperature of the paint applied to the object to be dried. It may be the time when it is reached.
- the paint particles When the mist-like paint is sprayed on the material to be dried, the paint particles are directed toward the surface of the material to be dried. At this time, the surface temperature of the material to be dried is room temperature. When the paint particles collide with the surface of the object to be dried, the paint adhering to the surface of the object to be dried swells. At the same time, the volatile components of the paint evaporate and the paint hardens in a wavy state. Next, when the object to be dried that has been coated is placed in a drying furnace, the paint solidified on the surface of the object to be dried is heated by hot air. The heated paint fluidizes. Also, surface tension and gravity act on the paint in the amplitude direction of the swell. Thereafter, a smooth coating film is formed.
- the object to be dried is put in a drying furnace and radiant heat is applied to a portion that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried simultaneously with the start of hot air drying, the paint applied to the object to be dried is fluidized.
- radiant heat by locally heating the object to be dried with radiant heat, the temperature rise rate of the object to be dried increases, so that the paint becomes hot and the paint hardens while the flow is insufficient. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the coating film to become smooth, and the quality of the coating film decreases.
- the drying method of the embodiment when the temperature of the portion that is difficult to warm in the material to be dried reaches the crosslinking temperature of the paint applied to the material to be dried, radiant heat is applied to the portion that is difficult to warm in the material to be dried.
- radiant heat is applied to the portion that is difficult to warm in the material to be dried.
- local heating by radiant heat is performed on a portion of the object to be dried that is difficult to warm when a certain time has elapsed since the start of hot air drying.
- the paint applied to the region that is difficult to warm up fluidizes.
- the temperature rise rate of the material to be dried is small, so that the paint flows sufficiently and then becomes hot and solidifies. Therefore, since a smooth coating film can be obtained, the quality of the coating film is improved.
- the heat source of radiant heat may be near infrared.
- iron that is, the vehicle body is mainly heated by the near infrared ray having an absorption factor of 35% in iron, and the coating film on the inner surface can be dried by the heat of the vehicle body.
- near-infrared rays it is possible to raise the temperature of the object to be dried without requiring time by utilizing the heat conduction of the member even for a portion that is not directly irradiated with near-infrared rays.
- the object to be dried is a vehicle body.
- a side sill is illustrated as a site
- the vehicle body which enters a drying furnace is painted by the coating equipment provided in the upstream of a drying furnace.
- the paint particles 12 are directed toward the surface 13 of the vehicle body 11 as indicated by an arrow (1).
- the surface temperature of the vehicle body 11 is normal temperature.
- the paint 14 solidified on the surface 13 of the vehicle body 11 is heated by hot air.
- the heated paint 14 is fluidized. Further, surface tension and gravity act on the paint 14 in the amplitude direction of the swell. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 1C, a smooth coating film 15 is formed.
- FIG. 2A simultaneously with the start of hot air drying, when a side sill (detailed later) of the vehicle body is locally heated with radiant heat in addition to Ta hot air for a certain time (detailed later), a temperature rise curve is obtained. In this curve, the heating rate increases at the start of heating. Further, the surface temperature of the vehicle body reaches the temperature tc during the local heating time Ta. This temperature tc coincides with the crosslinking temperature of the paint.
- the local heating of the side sill of the car body is performed when time T has elapsed from the start of hot air drying. Between the start of hot air drying and the start of local heating, the paint applied to the side sill is fluidized. Since the heating rate of the vehicle body is small at the start of hot air drying, the paint flows sufficiently and then becomes hot and hardens. Therefore, since a smooth coating film can be obtained, the quality of the coating film is improved.
- the side sill of the car body is locally heated with radiant heat from the heater for a minute.
- the drying furnace 20 has a furnace body 22 that surrounds the plurality of vehicle bodies 11 being conveyed by a conveyor 21.
- the paint applied to the vehicle body 11 is dried with hot air.
- the hot air is introduced into the furnace body 22, it contacts the vehicle body 11 and is taken out of the furnace body 22.
- the hot air taken out from the furnace body 22 is heated and introduced into the furnace body 22 again. That is, the drying furnace 20 is a hot air circulation type drying furnace.
- the drying furnace 20 includes a first hot air heating unit 23 disposed on the upstream side and a second hot air heating unit 24 disposed on the downstream side.
- the first hot air heating unit 23 corresponds to a temperature raising unit that raises the temperature of the vehicle body 11.
- the second hot air heating unit 24 corresponds to a holding unit that holds the temperature of the vehicle body 11 that has been heated.
- a local heating unit 25 (described later in detail) is provided at the end of the first hot air heating unit 23. Next, the configuration of the local heating unit 25 will be described.
- the local heating unit 25 is provided with a local heating device 26 (described later in detail) for heating the local part of the vehicle body 11.
- An upstream temperature measuring unit 27 is provided upstream of the local heating unit 25, and an upstream temperature measuring device 28 (details will be described later) for measuring the temperature of each part of the vehicle body 11 is provided in the upstream temperature measuring unit 27.
- a downstream temperature measuring unit 29 is provided downstream of the local heating unit 25, and a downstream temperature measuring device 31 (described later in detail) that measures the temperature of each part of the vehicle body 11 is provided in the downstream temperature measuring unit 29. Is provided.
- the detailed structure of the local heating device 26 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the local heating device 26 is supported by a portal frame 32 erected in the furnace body 22.
- the local heating device 26 is provided on the left pillar 33 of the portal frame 32, and includes a left inner heater 36 that heats the bottom left side 34 and the left side sill 35, which are difficult to warm in the vehicle body 11, by applying radiant heat.
- the left side sill 35 is provided in the left pillar 33 and has a heat capacity larger than that of the left door outer panel 37 in the vehicle body 11 and is difficult to warm, so that radiant heat is applied and the temperature of the left side sill 35 becomes the temperature of the left door outer panel 37.
- Radiant heat is applied to the inner heater 43 and the right side sill 42 which is provided on the right column 39 and has a heat capacity larger than that of the right door outer panel 44 and is difficult to warm.
- the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 are each a near infrared lamp.
- the left inner heater 36 is provided with a left inner reflecting plate 47 surrounding the left inner filament 46. Since the light generated by the left inner filament 46 is collected by the left inner reflector 47, heat rays having directivity can be emitted to the vehicle body 11.
- each of the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 is also provided with a reflector surrounding the filament, like the left inner heater 36.
- the near-infrared lamp has a smaller specific heat capacity than the far-infrared lamp, so the response speed is fast. If the response speed is fast, quick output control can be performed in response to a command from the control unit. Since the waiting time until heating can be shortened, it contributes to shortening of the drying time.
- control unit 48 is provided in the drying furnace 20, and the control unit 48 controls the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45.
- the control unit 48 sends an output command to the near-infrared lamp based on temperature information from the upstream temperature measurement unit (reference numeral 27 in FIG. 5) and the downstream temperature measurement unit (reference numeral 29 in FIG. 5). That is, the control unit 48 can control the output of the near infrared lamp.
- the upstream temperature measuring unit 27 is provided on the left column 72 of the portal frame 71, and includes an upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73 that measures the temperature of the left side sill 35, and the left furnace wall. 74, an upstream left second temperature measuring unit 75 that measures the temperature of the left door outer panel 37, and a right upstream 76 that measures the temperature of the right side sill 42, provided on the right column 76 of the portal frame 71.
- a temperature measuring unit 77 and an upstream right second temperature measuring unit 79 that is provided on the right furnace wall 78 and measures the temperature of the right door outer panel 44.
- the upstream left first temperature measuring section 73, the upstream left second temperature measuring section 75, the upstream right first temperature measuring section 77, and the upstream right second temperature measuring section 79 are non-contact sensors. These sensors detect thermal radiation emitted from the vehicle body 11 heated by hot air, and calculate the temperatures of the side sill and the door outer panel of the vehicle body 11.
- the upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73, the upstream left second temperature measuring unit 75, the upstream right first temperature measuring unit 77, and the upstream right second temperature measuring unit 79 are connected to the control unit 48. ing. Based on the temperature information of the upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73 and the upstream left second temperature measuring unit 75, the control unit 48 uses the left inner heater (reference numeral 36 in FIG. 6) and the left outer heater (reference numeral in FIG. 6). The output command is issued to 38).
- the left A high output command is issued to the inner heater and the left outer heater.
- the temperature of the left side sill 35 measured by the upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73 is greatly different from the temperature of the left door outer panel 37 measured by the upstream left second temperature measuring unit 75.
- a high output command is sent from the control unit 48 to the left inner heater (reference numeral 36 in FIG. 6) and the left outer heater (reference numeral 38 in FIG. 6).
- a low output command is sent from the control unit 48 to the left inner heater and the left outer heater.
- the temperature of the side sill of the vehicle body is compared with the temperature of the door outer panel, and the left inner heater and the left outer heater are controlled by the control unit 48 so as to output an appropriate amount of heat according to the temperature difference. Accordingly, an appropriate amount of heat can be applied to the side sill from the left inner heater and the left outer heater.
- control part 48 is based on the temperature information of the upstream right 1st temperature measuring part 77 and the upstream right 2nd temperature measuring part 79, and a right inner side heater (code
- the output command is also issued to the reference numeral 45).
- the downstream temperature measuring unit 29 is provided on the left column 82 of the portal frame 81, and includes a downstream left first temperature measuring unit 83 that measures the temperature of the left side sill 35, and the left furnace wall. 74, a downstream left second temperature measuring unit 84 that measures the temperature of the left door outer panel 37, and a downstream right first that is provided on the right column 85 of the portal frame 81 and measures the temperature of the right side sill 42.
- the temperature measuring unit 86 includes a downstream right second temperature measuring unit 87 that is provided on the right furnace wall 78 and measures the temperature of the right door outer panel 44.
- the downstream left first temperature measuring unit 83, the downstream left second temperature measuring unit 84, the downstream right first temperature measuring unit 86, and the downstream right second temperature measuring unit 87 are non-contact sensors. These sensors detect thermal radiation emitted from the vehicle body 11 heated by hot air, and calculate the temperatures of the side sill and the door outer panel of the vehicle body 11.
- downstream left first temperature measuring unit 83, the downstream left second temperature measuring unit 84, the downstream right first temperature measuring unit 86, and the downstream right second temperature measuring unit 87 are connected to the control unit 48. ing. Based on the temperature information of the downstream left first temperature measuring unit 83 and the downstream left second temperature measuring unit 84, the control unit 48 uses the left inner heater (reference numeral 36 in FIG. 6) and the left outer heater (reference numeral in FIG. 6). The output command is issued to 38). For example, when the temperature of the left side sill 35 measured by the downstream left first temperature measuring unit 83 is higher than the temperature of the left door outer panel 37 measured by the downstream left second temperature measuring unit 84, the left A low output command is issued to the inner heater and the left outer heater.
- control part 48 is based on the temperature information of the downstream right 1st temperature measuring part 86 and the downstream right 2nd temperature measuring part 87, and a right inner side heater (code
- the output command is also issued to the reference numeral 45).
- the upstream left first temperature measuring section 73 measures the temperature of the left side sill 35 at the upstream temperature measuring section (reference numeral 27 in FIG. 7), and the upstream left second The temperature measuring unit 75 measures the temperature of the left door outer panel 37, the upstream right first temperature measuring unit 77 measures the temperature of the right side sill 42, and the upstream right second temperature measuring unit 79 measures the temperature of the right door outer panel 44. Measure.
- the measurement result is that the temperature of the left side sill 35 is lower than the temperature of the left door outer panel 37, and the temperature of the right side sill 42 is lower than the temperature of the right door outer panel 44.
- the control unit 48 issues a high output command to the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 as shown in FIG. 9B.
- the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 irradiate the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 with near infrared rays in a concentrated manner.
- the temperature difference of the left side sill 35 with respect to the left door outer panel 37 and the temperature difference of the right side sill 42 with respect to the right door outer panel 44 can be eliminated. That is, each part of the vehicle body 11 can be heated uniformly.
- the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 are moved by the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 in a state where the entire vehicle body 11 is heated with hot air. Heat locally. Radiant heat generated by the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 is absorbed by the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 in the form of electromagnetic waves. Can be reliably heated.
- this heating raises the temperature of the side sill during the time Ta, so that the temperature of the side sill can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the door outer panel.
- FIG. 9B if the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 are locally heated with hot air jetted from the jet nozzle in a state where the entire vehicle body 11 is heated with hot air, the jetted hot air is left left sill 35. And diffuse around the right side sill 42. Due to the diffusion of the hot air, the hot air does not reach the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42, and the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 do not easily rise in temperature. In order to raise the temperature of the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42, it is sufficient to continue heating. However, since the left door outer panel 37 and the right door outer panel 44 have already been heated, they receive extra heat.
- the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 in the vehicle body 11 are radiated by applying radiant heat so that the temperature of the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 is increased. And the temperature of the right door outer panel 44 can be reliably approximated. That is, since the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42 and the left door outer panel 37 and the right door outer panel 44 can be heated substantially the same, extra heat is given to the left door outer panel 37 and the right door outer panel 44. There is no. Therefore, it is possible to provide a drying furnace capable of reducing the amount of extra heat given to the door outer panel.
- near infrared rays are used for local heating of the vehicle body 11.
- far-infrared rays have an absorption rate of 74% in acrylic water-based paints, but they do not have any effect on the coating film applied to the inner surface of the vehicle body.
- near infrared rays have an absorption rate of 35% in iron.
- iron that is, the vehicle body is mainly heated, and the coating film on the inner surface is dried by the heat of the vehicle body.
- near-infrared rays are irradiated toward the outer coating 91 of the left side sill 35 as shown in FIG.
- the left side sill 35 is heated. Since the heat of the left side sill 35 is transmitted to the inner surface 89 side of the left side sill 35, the inner coating film 92 of the left side sill 35 is dried.
- the inner surface 89 side of the left side sill 35 is a portion that is not directly irradiated with near infrared rays. That is, by using near infrared rays, the left side sill 35 can be heated without taking time by using the heat conduction of the left side sill 35 even for a portion that is not directly irradiated with near infrared rays.
- step (hereinafter referred to as ST) 01 the temperature of the material to be dried is increased. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the temperature of the vehicle body 11 is raised by the first hot air heating unit 23.
- the temperature of a part of the material to be dried that has a heat capacity larger than that of the other part and is difficult to warm is measured by the first temperature measuring unit, and the temperature of the other part is measured by the second temperature measuring unit.
- the upstream side temperature measuring unit 27 measures the temperature of the left side sill 35 by the upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73, and the upstream left second temperature measuring unit.
- the temperature of the left door outer panel 37 is measured by the section 75
- the temperature of the right side sill 42 is measured by the upstream right first temperature measuring section 77
- the temperature of the right door outer panel 44 is measured by the upstream right second temperature measuring section 79.
- radiant heat is applied to a portion that is difficult to warm in the object to be dried so that the temperature of the portion that is difficult to warm is approximated to the temperature of the other portion.
- the left inner heater 36, the left outer heater 38, the right inner heater 43, and the right outer heater 45 concentrate near infrared rays on the left side sill 35 and the right side sill 42. Irradiate.
- the temperature of the material to be dried is kept constant. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, the temperature of the vehicle body 11 whose temperature has been raised is held by the second hot air heating unit 24.
- the drying method is performed using a drying furnace 20 that dries the vehicle body 11 with hot air. Further, the drying method includes a temperature raising step for raising the temperature of the vehicle body 11, and the temperature of the left side sill 35 is measured by the upstream left first temperature measuring unit 73 in FIG.
- the radiant heat used in the local heating process is absorbed by the vehicle body 11 in the form of electromagnetic waves, so that the left side sill 35 can be reliably heated.
- the temperature of the side sill can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the door outer panel.
- the temperature of the left side sill 35 can be reliably approximated to the temperature of the left door outer panel 37 by applying radiant heat to the left side sill 35 in the local heating step. That is, since the temperature of the side sill and the door outer panel can be raised substantially the same, extra heat is not applied to the door outer panel. Therefore, it is possible to provide a drying method that can reduce the amount of extra heat given to the door outer panel.
- the vehicle body 11 is a thing that has been painted before entering the drying furnace (reference numeral 20 in FIG. 4).
- the time point at which radiant heat is applied to the side sill in FIG. This is the time when the temperature of the side sill measured by the first temperature measuring unit reaches the crosslinking temperature of the paint applied to the vehicle body.
- the paint applied to the side sill is fluidized.
- the rate of temperature rise of the side sill increases, so that the paint becomes hot and the paint hardens while the flow is insufficient. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the coating film to become smooth, and the quality of the coating film decreases.
- the drying method of the embodiment when the temperature of the side sill of the vehicle body reaches the crosslinking temperature of the paint applied to the side sill as shown in FIG. 2B, radiant heat is applied to the side sill. That is, local heating by radiant heat is performed on the side sill when a certain time has elapsed from the start of hot air drying. Between the start of hot air drying and the start of local heating, the paint applied to the side sill is fluidized. Since the temperature rise rate of the side sill is small at the start of hot air drying, the paint flows sufficiently and then becomes hot and solidifies. Therefore, since a smooth coating film can be obtained, the quality of the coating film is improved.
- near infrared rays are used as a heat source for radiant heat
- iron that is, the vehicle body is mainly heated
- the coating on the inner surface can be dried by the heat of the vehicle body.
- Example illustrated the vehicle body by which the coating was given as a to-be-dried object, this invention is applicable also to the machine and structure already coated.
- the side sill of the vehicle body is exemplified as “a part having a larger heat capacity than other parts and is not easily warmed”, but “a part having a larger heat capacity and less likely to be warmed than other parts” Part.
- the door outer panel is exemplified as the “other part”, but the “other part” may be a thin body portion of the vehicle body such as a hood outer panel or a lid outer panel.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Automobile Manufacture Line, Endless Track Vehicle, Trailer (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図11に示すように、乾燥炉100は、被乾燥物101を囲むように形成されている炉体102と、この炉体102の左壁103下部及び右壁104下部に各々設けられ熱風を取入れる一対の熱風取入口105、106と、これらの熱風取入口105、106に接続した下部ヘッダー107、108に設けられ取入れた熱風を炉体102内に噴出させる一対の熱風噴出口109、111と、左壁103上部内側及び右壁104上部内側に設けた上部ヘッダー112、113に各々設けられ炉体102内の熱風を吸込む一対の熱風吸込口114、115と、上部ヘッダー112、113に各々接続され熱風を炉体102外へ取出す一対の熱風取出口116、117とからなる。
塗料粒子が被乾燥物の表面に衝突すると、被乾燥物の表面に付着した塗料はうねりを起こす。同時に、塗料の揮発成分が蒸発するので、塗料はうねった状態で固まっていく。
次に、塗装が施された被乾燥物を乾燥炉に入れると、被乾燥物の表面で固まっている塗料が熱風により加熱される。加熱された塗料は、流動化する。また、塗料に、うねりの振幅方向に表面張力及び重力が働く。その後、平滑な塗膜が形成される。
被乾燥物の温度がさらに上昇し、被乾燥物の表面温度が塗料の架橋温度に達した時点で、被乾燥物の表面に放射熱を加える。この時点で既に架橋が開始されているため、塗料が流動することがなく、上記で形成された平滑な塗膜を維持できる。結果、平滑な塗膜を得ることができる。
実施例を添付図に基づいて以下に説明する。なお、図面は符号の向きに見るものとする。実施例においては、被乾燥物は車体である。また、熱容量が他の部位より大きくて暖まり難い部位としてサイドシルを例示し、他の部位としてドアアウタパネルを例示する。また、実施例において、乾燥炉に入る車体は、乾燥炉の上流側に設けられる塗装設備で塗装が施されている。
加えて、第1熱風加熱部23の終端に、局部加熱部25(詳細後述)が設けられている。次に局部加熱部25の構成を説明する。
図9(a)に示されるように、上流側温度測定部(図7の符号27)にて、上流側左第1測温部73で左サイドシル35の温度を測定し、上流側左第2測温部75で左ドアアウタパネル37の温度を測定と、上流側右第1測温部77で右サイドシル42の温度を測定し、上流側右第2測温部79で右ドアアウタパネル44の温度を測定する。
図10に示されるように、ステップ(以下STと記す。)01において、被乾燥物の温度を上昇させる。具体的には図4に示されるように、第1熱風加熱部23で、車体11を昇温させる。
また、上記では「熱容量が他の部位より大きくて暖まり難い部位」として車体のサイドシルを例示して説明を行ったが、「熱容量が他の部位より大きくて暖まり難い部位」はその他の車体厚肉部であってもよい。
さらに、上記では、「他の部位」としてドアアウタパネルを例示して説明を行ったが、「他の部分」はフードアウタパネルやリッドアウタパネルなどの車体薄肉部であってもよい。
Claims (6)
- 被乾燥物(11)を熱風により乾燥させる乾燥炉(20)であって、
前記被乾燥物(11)中で、熱容量が他の部位(37,44)より大きくて暖まり難い部位(35,42)に、放射熱を加えて前記暖まり難い部位(35,42)の温度が前記他の部位(37,44)の温度に近似するように加熱するヒーター(36,38,43,45)、
を具備する、乾燥炉。 - 前記ヒーター(36,38,43,45)は、近赤外線ランプである、請求項1記載の乾燥炉。
- 前記ヒーター(36,38,43,45)より上流側に設けられ、前記暖まり難い部位(35,42)の温度を測定する第1測温部(73,77)と、前記他の部位(37,44)の温度を測定する第2測温部(75,79)と、
前記第1測温部(73,77)と前記第2測温部(75,79)との温度情報に基づいて前記ヒーター(36,38,43,45)の出力を制御する制御部(48)と、
を更に具備する、請求項1又は請求項2記載の乾燥炉。 - 乾燥炉(20)を用いて、被乾燥物(11)を熱風により乾燥させる乾燥方法であって、
前記被乾燥物(11)の温度を上昇させる昇温工程と、
前記被乾燥物中で、熱容量が他の部位(37,44)より大きくて暖まり難い部位(35,42)の温度を第1測温部(73,77)で測定し、前記他の部位(37,44)の温度を第2測温部(75,79)で測定する温度測定工程と、
前記被乾燥物中の暖まり難い部位(35,42)に、放射熱を加えて前記暖まり難い部位(35,42)の温度が前記他の部位(37,44)の温度に近似するように加熱する局部加熱工程と、
前記被乾燥物(11)の温度を一定に保持する温度保持工程と、
からなる、乾燥方法。 - 前記被乾燥物(11)は、前記乾燥炉(20)に入れる前に塗装が施されている物であり、
前記局部加熱工程で、前記被乾燥物中の暖まり難い部位(35,42)に放射熱を加える時点は、前記第1測温部(73,77)で測定した暖まり難い部位(35,42)の温度が、前記被乾燥物に塗布された塗料の架橋温度に達した時点である、
請求項4記載の乾燥方法。 - 前記放射熱の熱源は、近赤外線である、請求項4又は請求項5記載の乾燥方法。
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US13/699,520 US8997374B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-05-24 | Drying furnace and drying method |
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JP5568377B2 (ja) | 2014-08-06 |
CN102906521A (zh) | 2013-01-30 |
JP2011245412A (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
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