WO1993005353A1 - Paint baking oven with infrared lamps - Google Patents

Paint baking oven with infrared lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1993005353A1
WO1993005353A1 PCT/US1992/007269 US9207269W WO9305353A1 WO 1993005353 A1 WO1993005353 A1 WO 1993005353A1 US 9207269 W US9207269 W US 9207269W WO 9305353 A1 WO9305353 A1 WO 9305353A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zone
bring
infrared lamps
improvement
baking oven
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/007269
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Leif E. B. Josefsson
Anders P. A. T. Persson
Original Assignee
Abb Flakt, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Flakt, Inc. filed Critical Abb Flakt, Inc.
Publication of WO1993005353A1 publication Critical patent/WO1993005353A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/30—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun from infrared-emitting elements

Definitions

  • Paint baking oven with infrared lamps Paint baking oven with infrared lamps .
  • This invention relates to bring up zones for paint baking ovens. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing infrared radiation within the bring up zone of a camel-back paint baking oven to increase the temperature of components passing therethrough.
  • Paint baking ovens are used throughout the manufacturing industry to bake the paint or coating applied to various articles such as automobile components. Such paint baking ovens often have conveyors or similar devices for bringing the component to be baked into the paint baking oven and then carrying the component through the various sections or zones of the paint baking oven.
  • the first section or zone of a paint baking oven is known as a bring up zone. While the component being baked is contained in this bring up zone, a heat source is activated which brings the component's body temperature to a desired level. It is well known in the industry that providing a relatively even body temperature over the entire component gives rise to a more consistent baking which, in turn, results in a more desirable finish.
  • dark radiation panels have been used as the heat source within paint baking oven bring up zones to obtain a more even temperature over the component body.
  • the purpose of the radiant heat bring-up zone is to "skin" the paint coating prior to subjecting it to convection heating in a subsequent holding zone - i.e. to remove any stickiness at the outermost layer of the coating.
  • the painted object leaves such a bring-up zone, most of any solvents in the coating have been driven off by radiant heat.
  • the component to be paint baked is an automobile component
  • dark radiation panels are a less effective way of heating certain parts such as the roof, bonnet, side doors, wheel houses and other heavy parts because they contain inaccessible hidden surfaces.
  • Another drawback in using dark radiation panels within the bring up zone is the excessive amount of time necessary to increase the temperature of larger components to the desired level.
  • the invention provides a paint baking oven having a camel back design, wherein a first bring up zone is located on a plane below the adjoining paint baking oven section.
  • the components to be baked enter the paint baking oven on a conveyor and are led into a first oven section, which is referred to in the industry as a bring up zone.
  • the component's body temperature is increased while within this bring up zone by a radiant heat source to begin the paint baking process.
  • the conveyor transfers the component from the bring up zone to a convection air drying section of the oven where the component is baked with the paint coating undergoing a chemical reaction.
  • Heating means are provided at a first end of the bring up zone which are operative to increase the temperature of the component contained therein.
  • the heating means comprise a plurality of centrally directed infrared lamps extending from a frame member which selectively projects radiation onto the component as it passes through the leading end of the bring up zone.
  • infrared lamps One of the key features associated with using infrared lamps is that each lamp can be controlled to emit radiation at a selected efficiency between 0-100%. By controlling the efficiency of each lamp, compensation for differences such as size, shape and the amounts and types of coatings used on the component can be effected.
  • a feature of the invention is to provide a radiation source which evaporates solvents from inside a paint layer. This internal heating eliminates bubbling and/or pops from occurring in the paint or coating as the component temperature is increased.
  • a further feature of the invention is the relative ease by which the painted objects surface temperature is evenly regulated over certain irregularly shaped portions thereof, due to the use of individually controlled infrared lamps.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a bring up zone arranged in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a lateral-sectional view at a first end of the paint baking oven of Fig. 1 showing the bring up zone incorporating infrared lamps.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a camel-back paint baking oven having exhaust means located between a bring up zone and a convection air holding zone.
  • a paint baking oven 10 includes an outer ceiling 12 and a floor 18 interconnected by two side walls 14 and 16.
  • the paint baking oven 10 is an elongated tunnel having first and second end sections 36 and 37 which are separated approximately at the middle point of the paint baking oven 10 by a parallel hump 60 having a bottom surface or floor 50 located at least 0.5 meters above the ceiling 12 of the two end portions.
  • This height differential of at least 0.5 meters between the first end section and the contiguous raised middle section of the camel-back paint baking oven 10 is essential to the proper operation of the present invention.
  • the height differential is designated h in FIG. 1.
  • the articles to be baked move along a conveyor 24 from the sealed entrance end 36 to the sealed exit end 37 throughout the elongated tunnel along a path of travel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the zone or section through which the article is passing.
  • the paint baking oven 10 is used to bake articles which are generally designated by the numeral 22.
  • an automobile component has been chosen for demonstrative purposes, it will be understood that the bring up zone 30 of the present invention may be used to raise the temperature of other types of articles in addition to automobile components 22.
  • the component 22 initially enters the camel-back paint baking oven 10 on a conveyor 24 through an air sealed silhouette located at the entrance end 36 of the paint baking oven 10.
  • Component 22 advances within the paint baking oven 10 upon the conveyor 24 through a first oven section known in the industry as a bring up zone 30.
  • Bring up zone 30 includes a heating system for increasing the temperature of the component 22 to a desired level.
  • the heating system comprises a combination of short and/or middle wave infrared lamps 26 (FIG. 2) contained within reflective lamp housings 27 which assist in directing the infrared radiation waves at the component 22.
  • Each of the lamp housings 27 extend inwardly toward the component 22 as it passes through the bring up zone 30 from a frame member 20.
  • Short wave infrared lamps 26 are generally operational over a range of approximately 0.8-2.0 microns and middle wave lamps 26 are generally operational over a range of approximately 2.0-4.0 microns. Ideally, the infrared lamps are operated in a range of between 1.2 and 2.4 microns.
  • Quartz glass wall 28 Located between the infrared lamps 26 and the component 22 passing through the bring up zone 30 is an air tight quartz glass wall 28 which protects the lamps from dust, solvents and resins which might be present in the paint baking oven 10. Quartz glass wall 28 also serves to isolate the infrared lamps 26 from the hot air surrounding the painted object in the paint baking oven 10.
  • the infrared lamps are controlled through time pulsing or TRIAC'S by a computer 40 which make it possible to light specific lamps at specific intensities to accommodate for the variances in the painted surface of the component 22 as it passes through zone 30.
  • the bring up zone 30 also includes an air inlet system for bringing air into the interior of bring up zone 30.
  • the inlet air flows into the trailing end 34 of the bring up zone 30 as designated by arrows 37 through horseshoe or U-shaped inlets 33 where the air is directed downward towards the entrance end 36 of the bring up zone 30.
  • the inlet air serves to cool the infrared lamps 26 which may be susceptible to overheating.
  • the bring up zone 30 operates in the following manner.
  • Component 22 initially enters the paint baking oven 10 on conveyor 24 through an air sealed silhouette (now shown) located at the entrance end 36 of the paint baking oven 10. Once inside the paint baking oven 10 the component 22 advances along the conveyor 24 at a rate of approximately 10-20 f /minute along a longitudinal path of travel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bring up zone 30.
  • the heating requirements for the particular component are programmed into a computer 40 which is used to individually control the intensity and efficiency of the infrared lamps 26 used to bring the component's temperature to the desired level.
  • the computer 40 is programmed to take into account various factors such as the size, shape and the material make up of the component 22 being heated.
  • the computer program also accounts for the absorption factor of the paint which is applied to the component 22. For example, top coat lines of silver metallic paint have the lowest absorption factor and black solids have the highest absorption factor.
  • the computer 40 is, therefore, programmed to operate the infrared lamps 26 on high power at 100% efficiency when the component 22 is coated with silver metallic paint and to reduce the power and/or the efficiency of the infrared lamps 26 through time pulsing or TRIAC'S for components 22 coated with paints possessing a higher absorption factor.
  • the infrared lamps 26 are activated by the computer 40, according to the control specifications entered therein, to heat the component 22 to the desired level prior to a more intense baking within the convection air holding zones such as zone 38 of Fig.3.
  • the radiation emitted by the infrared lamps passes through the quartz glass wall 28 and is directed upon component 22 until the desired component temperature is attained.
  • infrared lamps 26 One advantage in using infrared lamps 26 is that the radian heat penetrates the outer paint surface and bakes the coating from the inside out, heating the innermost layers progressively outwardly toward the skin dried outermost layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A first bring up zone of a camel-back oven utilizes a plurality of short and/or medium wave infrared lamps to raise the component temperature up to a desired level. Once within the paint baking oven, the component enters into the bring up zone where a computer activates the requisite number of infrared lamps at the proper intensity to achieve the desired component temperature. While the infrared lamps are activated, inlet air is directed over the lamps to prevent them from overheating. The invention allows for smoother car finishes by preventing bubbling and pops and raises the component temperature more quickly than convectional dark radiation panels.

Description

Paint baking oven with infrared lamps .
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of Invention
This invention relates to bring up zones for paint baking ovens. More particularly, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for distributing infrared radiation within the bring up zone of a camel-back paint baking oven to increase the temperature of components passing therethrough.
2. Description of Related Art
Paint baking ovens are used throughout the manufacturing industry to bake the paint or coating applied to various articles such as automobile components. Such paint baking ovens often have conveyors or similar devices for bringing the component to be baked into the paint baking oven and then carrying the component through the various sections or zones of the paint baking oven. Generally, the first section or zone of a paint baking oven is known as a bring up zone. While the component being baked is contained in this bring up zone, a heat source is activated which brings the component's body temperature to a desired level. It is well known in the industry that providing a relatively even body temperature over the entire component gives rise to a more consistent baking which, in turn, results in a more desirable finish.
Traditionally, dark radiation panels have been used as the heat source within paint baking oven bring up zones to obtain a more even temperature over the component body. The purpose of the radiant heat bring-up zone is to "skin" the paint coating prior to subjecting it to convection heating in a subsequent holding zone - i.e. to remove any stickiness at the outermost layer of the coating. By the time the painted object leaves such a bring-up zone, most of any solvents in the coating have been driven off by radiant heat. Although some success has been achieved through the use of dark radiation panels as a means of increasing the component's body temperature, it is difficult to control the amount of heat generated over specific areas of the component through the use of dark radiation panels. For example, if the component to be paint baked is an automobile component, it has been discovered that dark radiation panels are a less effective way of heating certain parts such as the roof, bonnet, side doors, wheel houses and other heavy parts because they contain inaccessible hidden surfaces. Another drawback in using dark radiation panels within the bring up zone is the excessive amount of time necessary to increase the temperature of larger components to the desired level.
None of the art presently known to the applicant utilizes infrared lamps within the bring up zone of a camel-back oven to quickly increase the component's temperature to the desired level.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the invention provides a paint baking oven having a camel back design, wherein a first bring up zone is located on a plane below the adjoining paint baking oven section. The components to be baked enter the paint baking oven on a conveyor and are led into a first oven section, which is referred to in the industry as a bring up zone. The component's body temperature is increased while within this bring up zone by a radiant heat source to begin the paint baking process. After the component's body temperature has been increased to the desired level, the conveyor transfers the component from the bring up zone to a convection air drying section of the oven where the component is baked with the paint coating undergoing a chemical reaction.
Heating means are provided at a first end of the bring up zone which are operative to increase the temperature of the component contained therein. The heating means comprise a plurality of centrally directed infrared lamps extending from a frame member which selectively projects radiation onto the component as it passes through the leading end of the bring up zone. One of the key features associated with using infrared lamps is that each lamp can be controlled to emit radiation at a selected efficiency between 0-100%. By controlling the efficiency of each lamp, compensation for differences such as size, shape and the amounts and types of coatings used on the component can be effected.
A feature of the invention is to provide a radiation source which evaporates solvents from inside a paint layer. This internal heating eliminates bubbling and/or pops from occurring in the paint or coating as the component temperature is increased.
A further feature of the invention is the relative ease by which the painted objects surface temperature is evenly regulated over certain irregularly shaped portions thereof, due to the use of individually controlled infrared lamps. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The objects and features of the invention will become apparent from a reading of a detailed description taken in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a bring up zone arranged in accordance with the principles of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a lateral-sectional view at a first end of the paint baking oven of Fig. 1 showing the bring up zone incorporating infrared lamps.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional side view of a camel-back paint baking oven having exhaust means located between a bring up zone and a convection air holding zone.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
With reference to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a paint baking oven 10 includes an outer ceiling 12 and a floor 18 interconnected by two side walls 14 and 16. The paint baking oven 10 is an elongated tunnel having first and second end sections 36 and 37 which are separated approximately at the middle point of the paint baking oven 10 by a parallel hump 60 having a bottom surface or floor 50 located at least 0.5 meters above the ceiling 12 of the two end portions. This height differential of at least 0.5 meters between the first end section and the contiguous raised middle section of the camel-back paint baking oven 10 is essential to the proper operation of the present invention. The height differential is designated h in FIG. 1.
The articles to be baked move along a conveyor 24 from the sealed entrance end 36 to the sealed exit end 37 throughout the elongated tunnel along a path of travel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the zone or section through which the article is passing. The paint baking oven 10 is used to bake articles which are generally designated by the numeral 22. Although an automobile component has been chosen for demonstrative purposes, it will be understood that the bring up zone 30 of the present invention may be used to raise the temperature of other types of articles in addition to automobile components 22.
The component 22 initially enters the camel-back paint baking oven 10 on a conveyor 24 through an air sealed silhouette located at the entrance end 36 of the paint baking oven 10. Component 22 advances within the paint baking oven 10 upon the conveyor 24 through a first oven section known in the industry as a bring up zone 30.
Bring up zone 30 includes a heating system for increasing the temperature of the component 22 to a desired level. The heating system comprises a combination of short and/or middle wave infrared lamps 26 (FIG. 2) contained within reflective lamp housings 27 which assist in directing the infrared radiation waves at the component 22. Each of the lamp housings 27 extend inwardly toward the component 22 as it passes through the bring up zone 30 from a frame member 20. Short wave infrared lamps 26 are generally operational over a range of approximately 0.8-2.0 microns and middle wave lamps 26 are generally operational over a range of approximately 2.0-4.0 microns. Ideally, the infrared lamps are operated in a range of between 1.2 and 2.4 microns.
Located between the infrared lamps 26 and the component 22 passing through the bring up zone 30 is an air tight quartz glass wall 28 which protects the lamps from dust, solvents and resins which might be present in the paint baking oven 10. Quartz glass wall 28 also serves to isolate the infrared lamps 26 from the hot air surrounding the painted object in the paint baking oven 10.
The infrared lamps are controlled through time pulsing or TRIAC'S by a computer 40 which make it possible to light specific lamps at specific intensities to accommodate for the variances in the painted surface of the component 22 as it passes through zone 30.
The bring up zone 30 also includes an air inlet system for bringing air into the interior of bring up zone 30. The inlet air flows into the trailing end 34 of the bring up zone 30 as designated by arrows 37 through horseshoe or U-shaped inlets 33 where the air is directed downward towards the entrance end 36 of the bring up zone 30. The inlet air serves to cool the infrared lamps 26 which may be susceptible to overheating.
Once the inlet air approaches the entrance end 36 of the bring up zone 30 it is circulated back into the zone 30 by a draft of air designated by arrows 35 entering the leading end
36 of the bring up zone 30 where it can be used to assist in the paint baking process. With further reference to Figs. 1 and 2, the bring up zone 30 operates in the following manner. Component 22 initially enters the paint baking oven 10 on conveyor 24 through an air sealed silhouette (now shown) located at the entrance end 36 of the paint baking oven 10. Once inside the paint baking oven 10 the component 22 advances along the conveyor 24 at a rate of approximately 10-20 f /minute along a longitudinal path of travel parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bring up zone 30.
The heating requirements for the particular component are programmed into a computer 40 which is used to individually control the intensity and efficiency of the infrared lamps 26 used to bring the component's temperature to the desired level. The computer 40 is programmed to take into account various factors such as the size, shape and the material make up of the component 22 being heated. The computer program also accounts for the absorption factor of the paint which is applied to the component 22. For example, top coat lines of silver metallic paint have the lowest absorption factor and black solids have the highest absorption factor. The computer 40 is, therefore, programmed to operate the infrared lamps 26 on high power at 100% efficiency when the component 22 is coated with silver metallic paint and to reduce the power and/or the efficiency of the infrared lamps 26 through time pulsing or TRIAC'S for components 22 coated with paints possessing a higher absorption factor.
As the components 22 pass through the leading end 36 of the convection air holding zone 30, the infrared lamps 26 are activated by the computer 40, according to the control specifications entered therein, to heat the component 22 to the desired level prior to a more intense baking within the convection air holding zones such as zone 38 of Fig.3. The radiation emitted by the infrared lamps passes through the quartz glass wall 28 and is directed upon component 22 until the desired component temperature is attained.
One advantage in using infrared lamps 26 is that the radian heat penetrates the outer paint surface and bakes the coating from the inside out, heating the innermost layers progressively outwardly toward the skin dried outermost layer.
The invention has been described with reference to a detailed description of a preferred embodiment given for the sake of example only. The scope and spirit of the invention are to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed:
1. In a camel-back paint baking oven having a conveyor for transportirig articles therethrough, wherein a first bring up zone includes a top surface located on a parallel plane at least 0.5 meters below a bottom surface of an adjacent paint baking oven section, the improvement comprising: radiant heating means located at a first end of said bring up zone, and operative to increase the temperature of the article to be baked.
2. The improvement of Claim 1 wherein the radiant heating means comprises a plurality of infrared lamps.
3. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said infrared lamps further comprise a combination of short and middle wave infrared lamps positioned upon a frame member located within said bring up zone and arranged such that said lamps face inward toward the center of said bring up zone.
4. The improvement of claim 1 further comprising stored program control means operative to control a temperature of the radiant heating means.
5. The improvement of clai 3 wherein said short wave infrared lamps operate in a range of between 0.8 and 2.0 microns.
6. The improvement of claim 3 wherein said middle wave infrared lamps operate in a range of between 2.0 and 4.0 microns.
7. The improvement of claim 3 wherein said infrared lamps are operated in a range of between 1.2 and 2.4 microns.
8. The improvement of claim 2 wherein said infrared lamps are provided with reflector means which direct the radiation produced by said lamps toward articles as they pass through said bring up zone.
PCT/US1992/007269 1991-08-29 1992-08-27 Paint baking oven with infrared lamps WO1993005353A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75171891A 1991-08-29 1991-08-29
US751,718 1991-08-29

Publications (1)

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WO1993005353A1 true WO1993005353A1 (en) 1993-03-18

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PCT/US1992/007269 WO1993005353A1 (en) 1991-08-29 1992-08-27 Paint baking oven with infrared lamps

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WO (1) WO1993005353A1 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5864119A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-01-26 Radiant Technology Corporation IR conveyor furnace with controlled temperature profile for large area processing multichip modules
FR2806153A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-14 Renault Installation for heating car bodies after wax injection, comprises infra-red emitters located at side of bodies and angled inwards combined with an air circulation which flows past the emitters
CN102906521A (en) * 2010-05-26 2013-01-30 本田技研工业株式会社 Drying furnace and drying method
WO2016045662A1 (en) * 2014-09-22 2016-03-31 Alpha-Tec Krimpmann Gmbh Drying device
CN113634463A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-12 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 Automobile coating infrared baking system and baking method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015214706A1 (en) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-02 Dürr Systems Ag Treatment plant and method for treating workpieces

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1985003766A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-29 Adolf Berkmann Method and plant for drying by infrared radiation coated work-pieces
EP0203377A1 (en) * 1985-04-30 1986-12-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Blow tunnel for drying lacquered work pieces
US4635381A (en) * 1982-06-29 1987-01-13 Gladd Industries, Inc. Paint bake oven
WO1987001186A1 (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-02-26 Tri Innovations Ab Heat treating oven

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4635381A (en) * 1982-06-29 1987-01-13 Gladd Industries, Inc. Paint bake oven
WO1985003766A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-29 Adolf Berkmann Method and plant for drying by infrared radiation coated work-pieces
EP0203377A1 (en) * 1985-04-30 1986-12-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Blow tunnel for drying lacquered work pieces
WO1987001186A1 (en) * 1985-08-15 1987-02-26 Tri Innovations Ab Heat treating oven

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5864119A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-01-26 Radiant Technology Corporation IR conveyor furnace with controlled temperature profile for large area processing multichip modules
US6018144A (en) * 1995-11-13 2000-01-25 Radiant Technology Corporation Method of conveying moieties through an IR conveyor furnace with controlled temperature profile for large area processing multichip modules
FR2806153A1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-09-14 Renault Installation for heating car bodies after wax injection, comprises infra-red emitters located at side of bodies and angled inwards combined with an air circulation which flows past the emitters
CN102906521A (en) * 2010-05-26 2013-01-30 本田技研工业株式会社 Drying furnace and drying method
CN102906521B (en) * 2010-05-26 2015-03-18 本田技研工业株式会社 Drying method
US8997374B2 (en) 2010-05-26 2015-04-07 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Drying furnace and drying method
WO2016045662A1 (en) * 2014-09-22 2016-03-31 Alpha-Tec Krimpmann Gmbh Drying device
CN113634463A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-12 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 Automobile coating infrared baking system and baking method

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Publication number Publication date
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