WO2011120302A1 - 一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法 - Google Patents

一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120302A1
WO2011120302A1 PCT/CN2010/078379 CN2010078379W WO2011120302A1 WO 2011120302 A1 WO2011120302 A1 WO 2011120302A1 CN 2010078379 W CN2010078379 W CN 2010078379W WO 2011120302 A1 WO2011120302 A1 WO 2011120302A1
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tube
heat exchange
copper heat
copper
exchange tube
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PCT/CN2010/078379
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汤勇
陆龙生
陈剑鸿
陈伟彬
欧栋生
练彬
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华南理工大学
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Publication of WO2011120302A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120302A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/02—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers
    • B21D53/08—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal
    • B21D53/085—Making other particular articles heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headers of both metal tubes and sheet metal with fins places on zig-zag tubes or parallel tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
    • F28F2275/125—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by bringing elements together and expanding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for expanding a tube, in particular to a method for expanding a tube without damage to the capillary structure of the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the copper-aluminum composite radiator is a heating device commonly used by households or enterprises, and its usage is large and involves a wide range.
  • the connection between the heat exchange tube and the heat dissipating fin of the heat sink or the heat exchanger is generally connected by a tube expansion process, and the outer surface of the heat exchange tube is caused by the metal deformation expansion of the heat exchange tube.
  • the inner surface of the mounting hole on the tube sheet generates a pressing force to connect and seal the heat exchange tube and the tube sheet.
  • Commonly used expansion methods are mechanical expansion and hydraulic expansion.
  • the mechanical expansion method is the earliest expansion method, and it is still in large use at present. This method is simple and convenient, but it needs to be lubricated with oil. The oil pollution can not guarantee the quality of welding after expansion.
  • the expansion of the pipe diameter will result in a larger The cold work stress is not conducive to stress corrosion.
  • the mechanical expansion method is limited by the diameter of the tube and the length of the expander, and the expansion joint depth and the total length of the expansion tube are not easily realized too much, especially for the expansion of the elongated tube, and the disadvantage is particularly obvious.
  • the mechanical expansion joint will cause greater damage to the thread characteristics of the inner wall of the pipeline.
  • a hydraulic expansion method has been created.
  • the hydraulic expansion tube method solves the shortcomings of the mechanical expansion of the mechanical expansion method and easily destroys the convex structure of the inner wall of the pipeline, and can realize the full expansion of the entire thickness of the tube sheet, so that the tube and the heat dissipating fin are integrally formed, greatly improving The vibration resistance of the pipe.
  • the hydraulic expansion method also has a large hydraulic source body and a heavy amount, which is unsuitable for handling, and generally can only be used in the manufacture of the factory to use pipe expansion joints and the like.
  • Such as Chinese utility model patent 97224848.x An adjustable hydraulic tube expander is disclosed, which is not portable and is not conducive to the rise of the pipe at the site during the installation or repair of the door.
  • the hydraulic expansion method requires the use of hydraulic oil as the working medium. Like the mechanical expansion method, the oil contamination on the one hand does not guarantee the welding quality after the expansion, and on the other hand, it also causes certain pollution.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional mechanical expansion tube and the hydraulic expansion tube method, and to provide a convex fin which does not damage the inner wall of the copper tube, and has a unique advantage for the expansion of the elongated tube, and the whole process
  • the process is non-polluting, green and environmentally friendly.
  • a phase change non-destructive expansion method for an inner finned tube characterized in that the method comprises the following steps and process conditions:
  • a series of aluminum alloy fins are arranged on the copper heat exchange tubes, and each U-shaped copper heat exchange tube is connected by a welding method into a circuit, and then the copper heat exchange tube loops are sealed at both ends, and the inside is sealed. Vacuuming and infusing liquid working medium;
  • the packaged heat exchanger is expanded by at least one of the following two heating processes:
  • the copper heat exchange tube extending outside the aluminum alloy fin group is heated to 250 ° C - 350 ° C by high frequency heating or winding heating wire, and kept for 10-30 min.
  • the phase change reaction of the liquid working fluid in the copper tube can quickly transfer the heat of the heating end to the copper heat exchange tube to obtain a uniform temperature field inside the tube.
  • internal vapor pressure is formed inside the copper tube loop, forcing the outer diameter of the copper tube to expand and plastically deform, closely bonding with the tube hole on the aluminum alloy fin and extruding the aluminum alloy wing
  • the sheet is elastically deformed.
  • the entire heat exchanger is placed in an annealing furnace and heated to 250 ° C - 350 ° C for 10-30 min.
  • the inside of the furnace can be evacuated or filled with a protective gas such as nitrogen or hydrogen.
  • the high temperature causes the evaporation of the liquid working medium inside the copper heat exchange tube circuit to form an internal vapor pressure inside the copper tube loop, forcing the outer diameter of the copper tube to expand and plastically deform, closely bonding with the tube hole on the aluminum alloy fin and extruding the aluminum alloy wing
  • the sheet is elastically deformed.
  • the two ends of the heat exchanger tube circuit can be re-opened.
  • the circuit is used for the heat exchanger working cycle, and can also be used as a radiator.
  • the copper heat exchange tube is a copper soft tube with a wall thickness of 0.2 mm-1.0 mm, and the outer wall surface is smooth and the inner wall surface is provided with a thread, an axial tooth shape or other irregular protrusion fins.
  • the liquid working fluid may be water, methanol, ethanol or other neutral liquid, preferably water.
  • the liquid working medium perfusion amount is 5%-10% of the volume of the copper tube circuit cavity.
  • the aluminum alloy fins are provided with a tube hole for mounting a copper heat exchange tube, and the tube hole diameter is 5%-10% larger than the diameter of the copper heat exchange tube.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the phase change non-destructive expansion tube method of the present invention utilizes the phase change heat transfer phenomenon of the working medium to form a vapor high pressure inside the pipeline, and can expand the connection of the large slender ratio pipeline, compared with the mechanical expansion tube method. Moreover, there is no damage to the convex structure inside the pipe wall, and a slimming and high-profile expansion pipe process can be realized, which has the advantages of the hydraulic expansion pipe method.
  • the non-destructive expansion method of the present invention is superior to the hydraulic expansion tube method in that it adopts a neutral and volatile liquid working medium, and the process is oil-free, which can ensure the quality of welding, pollution-free, and environmental protection.
  • Embodiment 1 is a perspective view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention is a schematic exploded view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the principle of a phase change expansion tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the principle of the expansion tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the internally threaded pipe of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of an aluminum fin in the present invention.
  • the copper-aluminum heat sink includes a copper heat exchange tube 1 and a plurality of aluminum fins 2.
  • a phase change non-destructive expansion method for an inner finned tube includes the following steps and process conditions:
  • the copper heat exchange tube 1 is a copper hose, the wall thickness of the tube is 0.2 mm-1.0 mm, the outer wall surface is smooth and the inner wall surface is provided with circumferential teeth.
  • Strip 11 shown in Figure 5
  • teeth 40-70 teeth 40-70, tooth height 0.15-0.30mm, tooth width 0.12-0.20mm; or copper heat exchange tube 1 has a smooth outer wall surface and a continuous threaded inner wall surface a protruding rack 12 (shown in FIG.
  • the inner wall of the tube has a thickness of 0.2 mm-1.0 mm, and the thread-like protruding rack protrusion is arranged on the inner wall of the tube, and the tooth-shaped cross section may be a triangular or a narrow trapezoidal cross section with a narrow root at the top.
  • the apex angle is 5°-27°
  • the rack height is 0.15-0.30mm
  • the average tooth width is 0.12-0.20mm
  • the number of teeth is 35-75
  • the helix angle is ⁇ 45°.
  • the protruding fins on the inner wall surface of the copper heat exchange tube can provide capillary force for the return of the working liquid, promote the phase change cycle of the working liquid, and on the other hand, increase the heat exchange area of the heat exchange tube and improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the aluminum alloy fin 2 has a thickness of 0.2-1.0 mm, and is provided with a tube hole 21 for mounting a copper heat exchange tube, and the diameter of the tube hole 21 is 2% larger than the outer diameter of the copper heat exchange tube. -10%.
  • liquid working medium can be water, methanol, ethanol or other neutral liquid, preferably water; per mm length of copper heat exchange tube 1 is filled with 0.008-0.015 ml liquid working medium .
  • the packaged heat exchanger is expanded by at least one of the following two heating processes:
  • the copper heat exchange tube 1 extending outside the aluminum alloy fin group is heated to 250 ° C - 350 ° C by high frequency heating or winding of a heating wire, and held for 10-30 min.
  • the phase change principle is shown in Figures 4 and 5: by heating both ends of the copper heat exchange tube, the pure water in the tube evaporates, the water vapor rapidly diffuses to other positions in the tube, and is cooled to a liquid far away from the heat source. The liquid obtained by the cooling is returned to the heating end by the capillary force formed by the circumferential tooth shape 11 of the inner wall surface of the copper hose or the threaded fin 12 to form pure water as a phase change cycle of the working medium.
  • the latent heat of phase change of water can be used to quickly transfer heat to various locations of the pipeline to obtain a uniform temperature field and pressure field inside the tube.
  • the internal pressure P of the copper heat exchange tube forces the outer diameter of the copper tube to expand and plastically deform, closely bonds with the tube hole on the aluminum alloy fin and compresses the aluminum alloy fin to produce elastic deformation.
  • the entire heat exchanger is placed in an annealing furnace and heated to 250 ° C - 350 ° C for 10-30 min.
  • the inside of the furnace can be evacuated or filled with a protective gas such as nitrogen or hydrogen.
  • the high temperature causes the evaporation of the liquid working medium inside the copper heat exchange tube circuit to form an internal vapor pressure inside the copper tube loop, forcing the outer diameter of the copper tube to expand and plastically deform, closely bonding with the tube hole on the aluminum alloy fin and extruding the aluminum alloy wing
  • the sheet is elastically deformed. After cooling, the outer diameter of the copper tube becomes large, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 4, and the elastic deformation of the aluminum alloy fin rebounds, further tightening the bonding strength between the copper tube and the fin, and obtaining a good tube-sheet connection effect.
  • the technical scheme of the invention does not damage the convex structure of the inner wall of the copper pipe, can realize the thin and high tooth shape expansion tube process, has unique advantages for the expansion of the elongated pipe, and has no pollution in the whole process, and the green expansion new pipe expansion method .
  • the copper-aluminum heat sink includes a copper heat exchange tube 1 and an aluminum fin 2.
  • the material of the copper heat exchange tube 1 is copper, annealed soft state, the outer diameter is 6 mm, the wall thickness is 0.3 mm, and the inner wall is provided with a circumferential tooth shape 11, as shown in FIG.
  • the axial tooth profile 11 has a height of 0.30 mm, a width of 0.15 mm, and a number of 55.
  • the aluminum fin 2 is a rectangular thin plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm, a length of 250 mm and a width of 200 mm.
  • the mounting hole 21 is provided on the upper surface thereof, and the diameter of the mounting hole is 6.2 mm, which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the copper tube for convenient installation.
  • Cut 10 sections of copper heat exchange tubes, each length is 300mm, and bend into U-shaped tube 1, as shown in Figure 2; cut 5 sections of copper heat exchange tubes, each length is 40mm, bend into U-shaped tube 1, as shown in Figure 2;
  • the packaged heat exchanger is expanded by the following heating process: the copper heat exchange tube extending outside the aluminum alloy fin group is heated to 250 ° C - 350 ° C by high frequency and kept for 10-30 min. As shown in Fig. 4, by heating both ends of the copper heat exchange tube, the pure water in the tube evaporates, the water vapor rapidly diffuses to other positions in the tube, and is cooled to a liquid far away from the heat source, and is refluxed under the action of gravity and capillary force. To the heating end, pure water is formed as a phase change cycle of the working fluid. In this way, the latent heat of phase change of water can be used to quickly transfer heat to various locations of the pipeline to obtain a uniform temperature field and pressure field inside the tube.
  • the internal pressure P of the copper heat exchange tube forces the outer diameter of the copper tube to expand and plastically deform, and the outer diameter of the copper tube expands from 6.00 mm to 6.25 mm, as shown in FIG.
  • the expanded copper tube is tightly bonded to the tube hole on the aluminum alloy fin and the aluminum alloy fin is extruded to cause elastic deformation.
  • the elastic deformation of the aluminum alloy fins rebounds, further tightening the bonding strength between the copper tube and the fins, and obtaining a good tube-sheet connection effect.
  • the phase change non-destructive expansion tube method of the present invention utilizes the phase change heat transfer phenomenon of the working medium to form a steam high pressure inside the pipeline, and completes the expansion joint of the pipeline with a large slender ratio, and After dismantling, it was found that the circumferential tooth profile 12 inside the pipe wall did not cause damage, and the tooth profile was complete. There was no phenomenon of tooth-shaped damage blocking the capillary channel, but the tooth height was slightly reduced due to the pipe diameter expansion, and the tooth height was reduced to 0.28. Mm, the tooth width is increased to 0.17 mm. Because the expansion process uses pure water as the working liquid, the process is oil-free, which can ensure the welding quality, pollution-free, and environmental protection advantages. This point is superior to the hydraulic expansion method.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种胀管方法，尤其涉及 一种对管道内壁毛细结构无损伤的胀管方法。
背景技术
铜铝复合散热器是家庭或企事业单位常用的供暖设备,其用量大,涉及面广。在现有技术中的散热器或热交换器其换热管与散热翅片之间的连接，一般是采用胀管工艺连接，是靠换热管的金属变形膨胀使换热管的外表面与管板上安装孔的内表面产生压紧力将换热管和管板连接并密封。常用的胀管方法有机械胀管和液压胀管法。机械胀管法为最早的胀接方法，目前仍在大量使用，这种方法简捷方便，但需要用油润滑，油的污染使胀接后不能保证焊接的质量；管径的扩大会产生较大的冷作应力，不利于应力腐蚀的场合。另外机械胀管法由于受到管径和胀管器长度的限制,胀接深度和胀管总的长度不易实现太大，特别对于细长管路的胀接，缺点尤为明显。而对于内部具有凸起结构如螺纹管的胀接，机械胀接会对管路内壁的螺纹特征产生较大的破坏。针对机械胀接的这些确定，产生了液压胀管法。液压胀管法解决了机械胀管法几何形状上受限制和容易破坏管路内壁凸起结构的缺点，可以实现整个管板厚度的全程胀接,使管子与散热翅片整个形成一体,大大提高管子的抗振能力。但是液压胀管法也有液压源体大、量重，不适宜搬运，一般只能在厂家制造地使用管子胀接等缺点。如中国实用新型专利97224848.x 公开了可调式液压胀管器，该装置无法携带，不利于上门安装或修理时现场的管子涨接。液压胀管法需要使用液压油作为工作介质，和机械胀管法一样，油的污染一方面使胀接后不能保证焊接质量，另一方面也会造成一定的污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：克服现在常用的机械胀管和液压胀管方法存在的缺点，提供一种不会损伤铜管内壁的凸起翅片，对于细长管道的膨胀具有独特优势，且整个工艺过程无污染，绿色环保的新型胀管方法。
为了实现这一目的，本发明所采取的技术方案是：
一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤和工艺条件：
（1）裁取多段铜质换热管并且弯曲成U形；
（2）将U形铜质换热管进行表面去油污和氧化层处理；
（3）在铜质换热管上串套铝合金翅片组，并采用焊接的方法将各个U形铜质换热管连接为一个回路，然后将铜质换热管回路两端密封、内部抽真空并灌注液体工质；
（4）封装完毕的换热器至少经过以下两种加热工艺之一进行胀管：
a、将伸出在铝合金翅片组外面铜质换热管通过高频加热或缠绕发热丝等方法加热至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min。铜管内的液体工质蒸发的相变反应可以把加热端的热量快速传递至铜质换热管的各处，得到均匀的管内温度场。随着铜质换热管回路内部液体工质的蒸发在铜管回路内部形成内部蒸汽压力，迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。
b、将整个换热器放入退火炉中升温至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min。升温和保温过程可对炉膛内部抽真空或充入氮气、氢气等保护性气体。高温使铜质换热管回路内部液体工质的蒸发在铜管回路内部形成内部蒸汽压力，迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。
冷却后，铝合金翅片的弹性变形回弹，进一步加紧了铜管与翅片的结合强度，获得良好的管板连接效果。
（5）胀接完成后，可以重新破开换热管回路封闭的两端，该回路用于换热器工质循环回路，也可以保持密封作为散热器使用。
所述的铜质换热管为紫铜软态管，管壁厚度为0.2mm-1.0mm，其外壁面光滑而内壁面附带有螺纹、轴向齿形或其他不规则突起翅片。
所述的液体工质可以是水、甲醇、乙醇或其他中性液体，优选水。
所述的液体工质灌注量为铜管回路腔体体积的5%-10%。
所述的铝合金翅片开设有用于安装铜质换热管的管孔，管孔直径比铜质换热管管径大5%-10%。
与现有技术方法相比较，本发明具有以下优点:
（1）本发明的相变无损胀管方法相对于机械胀管法，利用了工质的相变传热现象在管道内部形成蒸汽高压，可以对较大细长比的管路进行胀接，且对于管壁内部的凸起结构不会产生损伤，可以实现瘦高齿形的胀管工艺，具有了液压胀管法的优点。
（2）本发明的无损胀管方法相对于液压胀管法，由于采用了中性、易挥发液态工质，工艺过程无油性物质，可保证焊接质量、无污染，绿色环保的优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的立体示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1的爆炸示意图；
图3为图1的A-A截面示意图；
图4为本发明相变胀管的原理示意图；
图5为本发明胀管原理示意图；
图6为本发明内螺纹管的结构示意图；
图7为本发明中铝质翅片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
如图1、2、3所示。铜铝散热器包括铜质换热管1和多片铝质翅片2。一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法包括以下步骤和工艺条件：
（1）裁取多段铜质换热管并且弯曲成U形，铜质换热管1为紫铜软管，管壁厚度为0.2mm-1.0mm，其外壁面光滑而内壁面设有周向齿条11（如图5所示），齿数40-70，齿高0.15-0.30mm，齿宽0.12-0.20mm；或者是铜质换热管1的外壁面光滑而内壁面设有连续的螺纹状突起齿条12（如图6所示），管内壁厚度为0.2mm-1.0mm，螺纹状突起齿条凸起布置于管内壁，齿形截面可为三角形或顶部狭窄根部较宽的梯形截面，齿顶角为5°-27°，齿条高0.15-0.30mm，平均齿宽0.12-0.20mm，齿数35-75，螺旋角<45°。铜质换热管内壁面的突起翅片一方面可以为工作液体的回流提供毛细力，促成工作液体的相变循环，另一方面可以增大换热管的换热面积，提高换热效率。如图7所示，铝合金翅片2厚度为0.2-1.0mm，且其开设有用于安装铜质换热管的管孔21，管孔21的直径比铜质换热管外径大2%-10%。
（2）将U形铜质换热管1进行表面去油污和氧化层处理；
（3）在U形铜质换热管1上串套多片铝合金翅片2，并采用焊接的方法将U形铜质换热管连接为一个回路；然后将铜质换热管回路两端密封、内部抽真空并灌注液体工质；液体工质可以是水、甲醇、乙醇或其他中性液体，优选水；每一毫米长度的铜质换热管1灌注0.008-0.015毫升液体工质。
（4）封装完毕的换热器至少经过以下两种加热工艺之一进行胀管：
a、将伸出在铝合金翅片组外面的铜质换热管1通过高频加热或缠绕发热丝等方法加热至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min。其相变原理如图4、5所示：通过加热铜质换热管两端，管内纯水蒸发，水蒸汽迅速向管内其他位置扩散，并且在离热源较远的地方冷却为液体。冷却得到的液体，依靠紫铜软管内壁面的周向齿形11或螺纹翅片12形成的毛细力回流到加热端，形成纯水作为工质的相变循环。这样，利用水的相变潜热可以很快的把热量传递到管道的各个位置，获得均匀的管内温度场和压力场。温度达到上述温度时，铜质换热管内部气压P迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。
b、将整个换热器放入退火炉中升温至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min。升温和保温过程可对炉膛内部抽真空或充入氮气、氢气等保护性气体。高温使铜质换热管回路内部液体工质的蒸发在铜管回路内部形成内部蒸汽压力，迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。冷却后，铜管的外径变大，如图4之虚线所示意，而铝合金翅片的弹性变形回弹，进一步加紧了铜管与翅片的结合强度，获得良好的管板连接效果。
（5）胀接完成后，重新破开U形铜质换热管回路封闭的两端，该回路用于换热器工质循环回路；或者是胀接完成后，保持U形铜质换热管回路密封作为散热器。
本发明技术方案不会损伤铜管内壁的凸起结构，可以实现瘦高齿形的胀管工艺，对于细长管道的膨胀具有独特优势，且整个工艺过程无污染，绿色环保的新型胀管方法。
实施例1
铜铝散热器包括铜质换热管1和铝质翅片2。铜质换热管1的材料是紫铜，退火软态，其外径为6mm，壁厚为0.3mm，其内壁附带有周向齿形11，如图6所示。轴向齿形11的高度为0.30mm，宽度为0.15mm，数量为55。铝质翅片2为矩形薄板，其厚度为0.5mm，长250mm，宽200mm，其上开设有安装孔21，安装孔直径为6.2mm，略大于铜管外径，方便安装。
一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法进行铜铝散热器的胀管过程：
（1）裁取铜质换热管10段，每段长度为300mm，弯曲成U形管1，如图2所示；裁取铜质换热管5段，每段长度为40mm，弯曲成U形管1，如图2所示；
（2）将U形铜质换热管1进行表面去油污和氧化层处理；
（3）在U形铜质换热管1上串套上35片铝合金翅片组2，并采用焊接的方法将2个较长的U形铜质换热管和1个较短的U形铜质换热管连接为一个回路，如图3所示。本实施例一共设置了5个独立的换热管回路，如图1、2所示。然后将每个铜质换热管回路两端密封、内部抽真空并灌注工质。每个回路焊接连接后的长度约为680mm，每一毫米长度的铜质换热管1灌注0.010毫升液体工质，总共灌注纯水6.80ml；
（4）封装完毕的换热器经过以下加热工艺进行胀管：将伸出在铝合金翅片组外面铜质换热管通过高频加热至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min。如图4所示：通过加热铜质换热管两端，管内纯水蒸发，水蒸汽迅速向管内其他位置扩散，并且在离热源较远的地方冷却为液体，在重力和毛细力作用下回流到加热端，形成纯水作为工质的相变循环。这样，利用水的相变潜热可以很快的把热量传递到管道的各个位置，获得均匀的管内温度场和压力场。温度达到上述温度时，铜质换热管内部气压P迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，铜管外径由6.00mm膨胀到6.25mm，如图5所示。膨胀的铜管与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。冷却后，铝合金翅片的弹性变形回弹，进一步加紧了铜管与翅片的结合强度，获得良好的管板连接效果。
（5）胀接完成后，重新破开换热管回路封闭的两端4，该回路用于换热器工质循环回路。
应用本发明的相变无损胀管方法相对于机械胀管法，利用了工质的相变传热现象在管道内部形成蒸汽高压，完成了对较大细长比的管路进行胀接，且拆检发现管壁内部的周向齿形12没有产生损伤，齿形形貌完整，没有出现齿形破坏堵塞毛细通道的现象，只是由于管径胀大齿高略为减小，齿高降为0.28mm，齿宽增大至0.17mm。而由于胀管过程采用了纯水作为工作液体，工艺过程无油性物质，可保证焊接质量、无污染，绿色环保的优点，此点又优于液压胀管法。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于内翅片管的相变无损胀管方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤和工艺条件：
    （1）裁取多段铜质换热管并且弯曲成U形，铜质换热管管壁厚度为0.2mm-1.0mm，其外壁面光滑而内壁面设有周向齿条，齿高0.15-0.30mm，齿宽0.12-0.20mm；或者是铜质换热管的外壁面光滑而内壁面设有螺纹状突起齿条，齿条高0.15-0.30mm，齿顶角为5°-27°，螺旋角<45°；
    （2）将U形铜质换热管进行内/外表面去油污和氧化层处理；
    （3）在U形铜质换热管上串套多片铝合金翅片，将多个U形铜质换热管连通成一个回路；然后将铜质换热管回路两端密封、内部抽真空并灌注液体工质；液体工质可以是纯水、甲醇或乙醇；每一毫米长度的铜质换热管1灌注0.008-0.015毫升液体工质；所述铝合金翅片厚度为0.2-1.0mm，且其开设有用于安装铜质换热管的管孔，管孔的直径比铜质换热管外径大2%-10%；
    （4）封装完毕的换热器至少经过以下两种加热工艺之一进行胀管：
    a、将伸出在铝合金翅片组外面铜质换热管通过高频加热或缠绕发热丝方法加热至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min；铜管内的液体工质蒸发的相变反应把加热端的热量快速传递至铜质换热管的各处，得到均匀的管内温度场；随着铜质换热管回路内部液体工质的蒸发在铜管回路内部形成内部蒸汽压力，迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形；
    b、将整个换热器放入退火炉中升温至250℃-350℃，并保持10-30min；升温和保温过程可对炉膛内部抽真空或充入氮气、氢气等保护性气体；高温使铜质换热管回路内部液体工质的蒸发在铜管回路内部形成内部蒸汽压力，迫使铜管外径膨胀产生塑性变形，与铝合金翅片上的管孔紧密结合并且挤压铝合金翅片产生弹性变形。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于内翅片管的相变高压无损胀管方法，其特征在于：所述的铜质换热管为紫铜软态管。
  3. 根据权利要求1 所述的一种用于内翅片管的相变高压无损胀管方法，其特征在于：所述的液体工质为纯水。
  4. 根据权利要求1 所述的一种用于内翅片管的相变高压无损胀管方法，其特征在于：在U形铜质换热管上串套多片铝合金翅片后并采用焊接的方法将多个U形铜质换热管连通成一个回路。
  5. 根据权利要求2 所述的一种用于内翅片管的相变高压无损胀管方法，其特征在于：胀接完成后，重新破开U形铜质换热管回路封闭的两端，该回路用于换热器工质循环回路；或者是胀接完成后，保持U形铜质换热管回路密封作为散热器。
  6. 根据权利要求2 所述的一种用于内翅片管的相变高压无损胀管方法，其特征在于：所述螺纹状突起齿条的齿形截面为三角形或梯形，平均齿宽为0.12-0.20mm，齿数为35-75。
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CN109470069B (zh) * 2018-11-08 2024-02-09 广东工业大学 一种热管换热套件及其制造方法
CN109732010A (zh) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-10 江苏通盛换热器有限公司 一种铝衬板与铜管翅片的连接结构
CN114577029A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2022-06-03 海信（山东）冰箱有限公司 管翅式换热器及其加工方法
CN114166044A (zh) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-11 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 一种可拆卸燃滑油散热器芯体及燃滑油散热器
CN115815436A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-03-21 北京理工大学珠海学院 一种提高生产效率的胀管装置
CN115815436B (zh) * 2022-12-12 2023-06-09 北京理工大学珠海学院 一种提高生产效率的胀管装置

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