WO2011118686A1 - 圧電薄膜素子及び圧電薄膜デバイス - Google Patents
圧電薄膜素子及び圧電薄膜デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118686A1 WO2011118686A1 PCT/JP2011/057117 JP2011057117W WO2011118686A1 WO 2011118686 A1 WO2011118686 A1 WO 2011118686A1 JP 2011057117 W JP2011057117 W JP 2011057117W WO 2011118686 A1 WO2011118686 A1 WO 2011118686A1
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- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 43
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000877463 Lanio Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[La] DOARWPHSJVUWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
- C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/08—Oxides
- C23C14/088—Oxides of the type ABO3 with A representing alkali, alkaline earth metal or Pb and B representing a refractory or rare earth metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/07—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base
- H10N30/074—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by depositing piezoelectric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing
- H10N30/076—Forming of piezoelectric or electrostrictive parts or bodies on an electrical element or another base by depositing piezoelectric or electrostrictive layers, e.g. aerosol or screen printing by vapour phase deposition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/704—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices based on piezoelectric or electrostrictive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/853—Ceramic compositions
- H10N30/8542—Alkali metal based oxides, e.g. lithium, sodium or potassium niobates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric thin film element and a piezoelectric thin film device using an alkali niobium oxide-based piezoelectric thin film.
- Piezoelectric materials are widely used as functional electronic parts such as actuators that are deformed by applying a voltage to cause deformation, and sensors that generate voltage from the deformation of the element.
- a lead-based material dielectric material having excellent piezoelectric characteristics particularly a Pb (Zr 1-x Ti x ) O 3 -based perovskite ferroelectric material called PZT
- PZT a lead-based material dielectric material having excellent piezoelectric characteristics
- a piezoelectric material such as PZT is formed by sintering an oxide of a piezoelectric material.
- a piezoelectric material manufactured by a manufacturing method centering on a sintering method which is a conventional manufacturing method, becomes thinner as the thickness of the piezoelectric material becomes closer to about 10 ⁇ m. Since it approaches the size, there arises a problem that characteristic variation and deterioration become remarkable.
- a method for forming a piezoelectric body using a thin film technique or the like instead of the sintering method has been recently studied.
- a PZT thin film formed on a silicon substrate by a sputtering method has been put into practical use as a piezoelectric thin film for an actuator for a high-speed, high-definition inkjet printer head.
- the piezoelectric sintered body and piezoelectric thin film made of PZT described above contain about 60 to 70% by weight of lead, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of ecology and pollution prevention. Therefore, development of a piezoelectric body that does not contain lead is desired in consideration of the environment.
- various lead-free piezoelectric materials have been studied, and among them, there is potassium sodium niobate represented by the composition formula: (K 1-x Na x ) NbO 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) (for example, , See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- This potassium sodium niobate is a material having a perovskite structure and is expected as a promising candidate for a lead-free piezoelectric material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a piezoelectric thin film element and a piezoelectric thin film device that can solve the above-mentioned problems, can realize a dielectric loss tan ⁇ of 0.1 or less, and have excellent piezoelectric characteristics.
- a first aspect of the present invention includes a substrate, and a piezoelectric thin film having an alkali niobium oxide-based perovskite structure represented by a composition formula (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 provided on the substrate,
- the carbon concentration of the piezoelectric thin film is 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- a second aspect of the present invention includes a substrate and a piezoelectric thin film having an alkali niobium oxide-based perovskite structure represented by a composition formula (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 provided on the substrate,
- the piezoelectric thin film element has a hydrogen concentration of the piezoelectric thin film of 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the piezoelectric thin film element in the piezoelectric thin film element according to the first aspect or the second aspect, is a pseudo-cubic crystal and is preferentially oriented in the (001) plane orientation.
- the composition of the piezoelectric thin film is 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7 and 0.75 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.0. 90.
- a base layer is provided between the substrate and the piezoelectric thin film.
- the base layer is a Pt layer, and the Pt layer is preferentially oriented in the (111) plane direction.
- the substrate is a Si substrate, a Si substrate with a surface oxide film, or an SOI substrate.
- the piezoelectric thin film element according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, an upper electrode and a lower electrode provided above and below the piezoelectric thin film of the piezoelectric thin film element,
- the piezoelectric thin film device includes a voltage applying unit or a voltage detecting unit connected between the upper electrode and the lower electrode.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a piezoelectric thin film element and a piezoelectric thin film device that can realize a dielectric loss tan ⁇ of 0.1 or less and have excellent piezoelectric characteristics.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a piezoelectric thin film element according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the structure of the piezoelectric thin film element concerning the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
- 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a piezoelectric thin film device according to the present invention. It is a graph which shows the depth direction profile of carbon concentration, hydrogen concentration, and O, K, Nb, and Na intensity
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a list of tan ⁇ in a table format.
- An actuator using a piezoelectric thin film with a high tan ⁇ generates a large amount of heat during operation, and deterioration of the piezoelectric thin film element is accelerated, and a sensor using a piezoelectric thin film with a high tan ⁇ has a small deformation of the piezoelectric thin film. It turns out that sensitivity becomes extremely bad. For example, when a piezoelectric thin film is used for an actuator of an ink jet printer head, tan ⁇ is required to be 0.1 or less. The current potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric thin film does not satisfy this requirement and is difficult to apply to products.
- the present inventors further studied and found that the carbon concentration or hydrogen concentration contained in the piezoelectric thin film of (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 (hereinafter also abbreviated as “KNN”), and KNN
- KNN the carbon concentration or hydrogen concentration contained in the piezoelectric thin film of (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3
- KNN the carbon concentration or hydrogen concentration contained in the piezoelectric thin film of (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 (hereinafter also abbreviated as “KNN”), and KNN
- a piezoelectric thin film element according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate, a piezoelectric thin film having an alkali niobium oxide-based perovskite structure represented by a composition formula (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 provided on the substrate, The carbon concentration of the piezoelectric thin film is 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- a piezoelectric thin film element has a substrate and an alkali niobium oxide perovskite structure represented by a composition formula (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 provided on the substrate.
- the hydrogen concentration of the piezoelectric thin film is 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the KNN piezoelectric thin film is preferably pseudo-cubic and preferentially oriented in the (001) plane orientation.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of a piezoelectric thin film element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- a base layer 2 a piezoelectric thin film 3, and an electrode 4 are sequentially formed on a substrate 1.
- the substrate 1 is preferably a Si (silicon) substrate, a Si substrate with a surface oxide film having an oxide film on the surface of the Si substrate, or a SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate.
- a (100) Si substrate having a (100) plane orientation is used as the Si substrate, but a Si substrate having a plane orientation different from the (100) plane may be used.
- the substrate 1 may be a quartz glass substrate, a GaAs substrate, a sapphire substrate, a metal substrate such as stainless steel, an MgO substrate, an SrTiO 3 substrate, or the like.
- the underlayer 2 is preferably composed of a Pt (platinum) layer and is preferentially oriented in the (111) plane orientation.
- a Pt layer formed on a Si substrate is easily oriented in the (111) plane orientation because of self-orientation.
- the material of the underlayer 2 may be an alloy containing Pt, Au (gold), Ru (ruthenium), Ir (iridium), or a metal oxide such as SrTiO 3 or LaNiO 3 .
- the underlayer 2 is formed using a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or the like. Note that an adhesion layer may be provided between the substrate 1 and the foundation layer 2 in order to improve adhesion between the substrate 1 and the foundation layer 2.
- the underlayer 2 can be used as an electrode (lower electrode).
- the piezoelectric thin film 3 is a KNN piezoelectric thin film having an alkali niobium oxide perovskite structure represented by a composition formula (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 , and the carbon concentration of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 is 2 ⁇ 10 19. / cm 3 below, or hydrogen concentration of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 is in the 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 is preferably pseudo-cubic and is preferentially oriented in the (001) plane orientation, and the composition x, y of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 is 0.40 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.70.
- a sputtering method a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method, a sol-gel method, or the like is used.
- the electrode 4 is formed by a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a plating method, a metal paste method, or the like using a material such as Pt, Au, or Al (aluminum). Since the electrode 4 does not have a great influence on the crystal structure of the piezoelectric thin film unlike the underlayer 2, the material and crystal structure of the electrode 4 are not particularly limited.
- the KNN thin film with a high tan ⁇ has a high concentration in the film.
- carbon was mixed in.
- the carbon contamination source was carbon contained in the KNN sintered compact target.
- a KNN sintered compact target usually becomes a KNN sintered compact target through the process of mixing, temporary firing, and main firing using K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and Nb 2 O 5 powder as starting materials. At this time, most of the carbon in the starting materials K 2 CO 3 and Na 2 CO 3 is removed in the firing process at a high temperature, but a part of the carbon seems to remain in the KNN sintered body.
- the carbon concentration in the KNN sintered compact target is reduced, and in the atmospheric gas (for example, a mixed gas of Ar (argon) and O 2 (oxygen)) in sputtering film formation. It is effective to increase the ratio of O 2 and to perform heat treatment in the air or oxygen atmosphere after the KNN thin film is formed (see FIG. 8 in Examples described later).
- the atmospheric gas for example, a mixed gas of Ar (argon) and O 2 (oxygen)
- the carbon concentration in the KNN thin film can be measured by, for example, general SIMS analysis.
- SIMS analysis there is no guarantee that a correct concentration profile is obtained near the surface of the sample to be measured or near the interface with the adjacent layer adjacent to the sample. Therefore, in the present embodiment, 200 nm in the vicinity of the interface with the underlayer 2 that is an adjacent layer adjacent to the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 and 200 nm in the vicinity of the surface of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 or 200 nm in the vicinity of the interface with the electrode 4 of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 are obtained.
- the carbon concentration in the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 was determined by considering the carbon concentration in the region of the removed KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 as the correct carbon concentration.
- the hydrogen concentration of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 by SIMS analysis was determined in the same manner.
- the KNN thin film formed by a film forming method other than sputtering for example, CVD method, sol-gel method, etc.
- a film forming method other than sputtering for example, CVD method, sol-gel method, etc.
- CVD method chemical vapor deposition method
- sol-gel method sol-gel method
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure of a piezoelectric thin film element according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the piezoelectric thin film element of the second embodiment has a base layer 2, a piezoelectric thin film 3, and an electrode 4 on a substrate 1, as in the piezoelectric thin film element of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the substrate 1 is a substrate with a surface oxide film having an oxide film 5 formed on the surface thereof, and between the oxide film 5 and the underlayer 2 for enhancing the adhesion of the underlayer 2.
- An adhesion layer 6 is provided.
- Surface oxide film coated substrate is, for example, a Si substrate with an oxide film, the Si substrate with an oxide film, oxide film, there is a SiO 2 film formed SiO 2 film formed by thermal oxidation, a CVD method.
- a 4-inch circle is usually used as the substrate size, but a 6-inch or 8-inch round or rectangular substrate may be used.
- the adhesion layer 6 is made of Ti (titanium), Ta (tantalum), or the like, and is formed by a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, or the like.
- the piezoelectric thin film 3 of the piezoelectric thin film element according to the first and second embodiments is a single-layer KNN thin film, but the piezoelectric thin film 3 has a carbon concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less or A plurality of (K 1-x Na x) including a KNN thin film having a hydrogen concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less and a range of 0.40 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.70 and 0.75 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.90. ) Y NbO 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) layer may be formed.
- the thin film which consists of may be contained.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of a piezoelectric thin film device manufactured using the piezoelectric thin film element according to the present invention.
- the piezoelectric thin film element 10 has a cross-sectional structure similar to that of the piezoelectric thin film element of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
- the electrode 2 is used, and the electrode 4 is used as the upper electrode 4.
- at least a voltage detection means (or voltage application means) 11 is connected between the lower electrode 2 and the upper electrode 4 of the piezoelectric thin film element 10 formed into a predetermined shape.
- a sensor as a piezoelectric thin film device can be obtained by connecting the voltage detection means 11 between the lower electrode 2 and the upper electrode 4.
- the piezoelectric thin film element 10 of this sensor is deformed with any change in physical quantity, a voltage is generated by the deformation, and various physical quantities can be measured by detecting this voltage with the voltage detecting means 11.
- the sensor include a gyro sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a pressure sensor, and a speed / acceleration sensor.
- an actuator as a piezoelectric thin film device can be obtained by connecting the voltage applying means 11 between the lower electrode 2 and the upper electrode 4 of the piezoelectric thin film element 10.
- Various members can be operated by applying a voltage to the piezoelectric thin film element 10 of the actuator to deform the piezoelectric thin film element 10.
- the actuator can be used in, for example, an ink jet printer, a scanner, an ultrasonic generator, and the like.
- the piezoelectric thin film elements of Examples and Comparative Examples have the same cross-sectional structure as that of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and a Ti adhesion layer and a Pt lower electrode (lower) Layer), a KNN piezoelectric thin film, and a Pt upper electrode (electrode).
- the film-forming method of the KNN piezoelectric thin film in an Example and a comparative example is demonstrated.
- a Si substrate with a thermal oxide film ((100) plane orientation, thickness 0.525 mm, 4 inch circular shape, thermal oxide film thickness 200 nm) was used.
- a Ti adhesion layer (film thickness: 10 nm) and a Pt lower electrode ((111) plane preferred orientation, film thickness: 200 nm) were formed on a substrate by RF magnetron sputtering.
- the Ti adhesion layer and the Pt lower electrode have a substrate temperature of 350 ° C., a discharge power of 300 W, an introduced gas Ar, an Ar atmosphere pressure of 2.5 Pa, and a film formation time of 3 minutes for the Ti adhesion layer and 10 minutes for the Pt lower electrode.
- the film was formed.
- a (K 1-x Na x ) y NbO 3 piezoelectric thin film having a film thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed on the Pt lower electrode by RF magnetron sputtering.
- the KNN sintered compact target is made from K 2 CO 3 powder, Na 2 CO 3 powder and Nb 2 O 5 powder as raw materials, mixed for 24 hours using a ball mill, pre-fired at 850 ° C. for 10 hours, and then ball mill again. It was produced by pulverizing at a pressure of 200 MPa and firing at 1000 to 1250 ° C.
- the (K + Na) / Nb ratio and the Na / (K + Na) ratio were controlled by adjusting the mixing ratio of K 2 CO 3 powder, Na 2 CO 3 powder, and Nb 2 O 5 powder.
- the produced sintered compact target was measured for atomic% of K, Na, Nb by EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis) before being used for sputtering film formation, and each (K + Na) / Nb ratio and Na / The (K + Na) ratio was calculated.
- the carbon concentration and hydrogen concentration (wt ppm) in the sintered compact target were measured by gas component analysis (IGA: Interstitial Gas Analysis).
- the gas component analysis is a method of determining the concentration by measuring gas components such as C, N, O, and H generated by burning a material by infrared absorption or thermal conductivity measurement.
- FIG. 8 shows (K + Na) / Nb ratio and Na / (K + Na) ratio, target firing temperature, carbon concentration contained in the target, and hydrogen of the KNN sintered compact targets used in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8. Concentration, Ar / O 2 ratio during sputtering film formation, and presence / absence of heat treatment after film formation are shown. As heat treatment of the KNN thin film after film formation, heat treatment was performed at 750 ° C. for 2 hours in an air atmosphere.
- Composition analysis of KNN piezoelectric thin film Composition analysis of the KNN thin films of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 was performed by ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry). A wet acid decomposition method was used to make the sample into solution, and a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid was used as the acid. The (K + Na) / Nb ratio and Na / (K + Na) ratio were calculated from the ratios of Nb, Na, and K obtained by ICP-AES. FIG. 8 shows the calculated (K + Na) / Nb ratio and Na / (K + Na) ratio. It can be seen that KNN piezoelectric thin films with different (K + Na) / Nb ratios can be produced by using targets with different (K + Na) / Nb ratios.
- FIG. 4 shows the case of Example 1
- FIG. 5 shows the case of Comparative Example 1.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 also show the profile in the depth direction of the O, K, Nb, and Na strengths of the KNN piezoelectric thin film.
- Comparative Example 1 shows the concentration of carbon and hydrogen is high on the surface side of the KNN piezoelectric thin film, and gradually decreases as it approaches the Pt lower electrode side.
- Example 1 as shown in FIG. 4, there are regions where the concentration of carbon and hydrogen is high near the surface and near the Pt lower electrode interface, but in other regions, the concentration of carbon and hydrogen is very low. The concentration is almost constant.
- FIG. 8 shows the maximum values of carbon concentration and hydrogen concentration of the KNN thin films in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
- the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the KNN sintered compact target can be reduced by increasing the firing temperature of the KNN sintered compact target. This seems to be because the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration remaining in the KNN sintered compact target were reduced by firing at a high temperature.
- the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the formed KNN thin film are also reduced.
- the Ar / O 2 ratio at the time of sputtering film formation by increasing the proportion of O 2, carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the KNN thin film is reduced.
- the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the KNN thin film are also decreased by the heat treatment after the film formation.
- the Pt upper electrode (film thickness 100 nm, size 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm) 4 was formed by RF magnetron sputtering.
- the upper electrode 4 and the lower electrode 2 were connected to an LCR meter, and the capacitance and tan ⁇ were measured at a measurement frequency of 1 kHz. From the obtained capacitance, the relative dielectric constant was calculated in consideration of the electrode area (lmm 2 ), the thickness of the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3 (3 ⁇ m), and the dielectric constant of vacuum.
- FIG. 8 shows the relative dielectric constant and tan ⁇ of the KNN thin films in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between tan ⁇ of the KNN thin film and the maximum values of the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration in the KNN thin film.
- the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration show almost the same tendency with respect to tan ⁇ , and the logarithmic values of the carbon concentration and the hydrogen concentration increase in proportion to the increase of tan ⁇ .
- a KNN thin film of tan ⁇ ⁇ 0.1 can be realized by setting the carbon concentration to 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less and the hydrogen concentration to 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the KNN thin film of the example having a carbon concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less and a hydrogen concentration of 4 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less, the carbon concentration exceeds 2 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the piezoelectric constant there was almost no difference between the KNN thin film of the comparative example and the KNN thin film of the example. That is, in the KNN thin film of the example, it was found that the value of tan ⁇ that was a problem could be reduced while maintaining the same good piezoelectric constant and relative dielectric constant as before.
- a voltage was applied to the KNN piezoelectric thin film between the Pt upper electrode and the Pt lower electrode of this cantilever to expand and contract the KNN piezoelectric thin film, thereby bending and stretching the entire cantilever (piezoelectric thin film element).
- the tip displacement amount ⁇ of the cantilever at this time was measured with a laser Doppler displacement meter.
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 is calculated from the displacement amount ⁇ of the tip of the cantilever, the length of the cantilever, the thickness and Young's modulus of the substrate 1 and the KNN piezoelectric thin film 3, and the applied voltage.
- the cantilever By applying a unipolar sine wave continuously between the upper and lower electrodes to the actuator (cantilever) using the KNN piezoelectric thin film of Example 1 and the actuator (cantilever) using the KNN piezoelectric thin film of Comparative Example 1, the cantilever was driven continuously. At this time, it was confirmed that the actuator of Example 1 can suppress heat generation compared to the actuator of Comparative Example 1. In addition, the rate at which the piezoelectric constant d 31 after driving 100 million times decreases (deteriorates) from the initial piezoelectric constant d 31 (decrease rate, deterioration rate) is also suppressed in the actuator of the first embodiment compared to the actuator of the first comparative example. It was confirmed that
- the Pt layer that also serves as the lower electrode is used as the base layer.
- a NaNbO 3 layer may be formed on the Pt layer
- the base layer may be composed of two layers of the Pt layer and the NaNbO 3 layer.
- a filter device using surface acoustic waves can be formed by forming a KNN piezoelectric thin film on a substrate and forming an electrode having a predetermined pattern on the piezoelectric thin film.
- the Pt layer is not used as a lower electrode but is used as a base layer.
- another base layer may be provided instead of the Pt layer.
- a device structure in which a substrate, a nickel lanthanum layer serving as an underlayer, a KNN piezoelectric thin film, and an upper pattern electrode are stacked may be employed.
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Abstract
Description
上述したように、従来技術によって得られたニオブ酸カリウムナトリウム圧電薄膜を、アクチュエータとして用いた場合、動作時の発熱が大きく、圧電薄膜素子の劣化が早いものが多くあり、また、センサとして用いた場合、圧電薄膜の変形が小さいときの感度が極端に悪くなるものがあった。
本発明者らが、上記問題について検討を行ったところ、従来のニオブ酸カリウムナトリウム圧電薄膜は、しばしば誘電損失tanδが高かった。そして、tanδが高い圧電薄膜を用いたアクチュエータでは、動作時の発熱が大きく、圧電薄膜素子の劣化が早くなり、また、tanδが高い圧電薄膜を用いたセンサでは、圧電薄膜の変形が小さい場合の感度が極端に悪くなる、ということが分かった。例えばインクジェットプリンタヘッドのアクチュエータに圧電薄膜を用いる場合には、tanδが0.1以下であることが求められる。現状のニオブ酸カリウムナトリウム圧電薄膜は、この要求を満足できておらず、製品への適用は困難な状況であった。ニオブ酸カリウムナトリウム薄膜が広くインクジェットプリンタヘッドなどに適用されるためには、tanδが0.1以下のニオブ酸カリウムナトリウム圧電薄膜を実現する必要がある。
そこで、さらに本発明者らが検討を行ったところ、(K1-xNax)yNbO3(以下、「KNN」とも略称する)の圧電薄膜中に含まれる炭素濃度または水素濃度と、KNN圧電薄膜の誘電損失tanδとの間には強い相関があり、KNN圧電薄膜の炭素濃度または水素濃度を調整することで、KNN圧電薄膜の誘電損失tanδを制御できるという知見を得て、本発明をなすに至った。
以下に、本発明に係る圧電薄膜素子の実施形態を説明する。
本発明の一実施形態に係る圧電薄膜素子は、基板と、前記基板上に設けられる組成式(K1-xNax)yNbO3で表されるアルカリニオブ酸化物系ペロブスカイト構造の圧電薄膜とを有し、前記圧電薄膜の炭素濃度が2×1019/cm3以下である。
また、本発明の他の実施形態に係る圧電薄膜素子は、基板と、前記基板上に設けられる組成式(K1-xNax)yNbO3で表されるアルカリニオブ酸化物系ペロブスカイト構造の圧電薄膜とを有し、前記圧電薄膜の水素濃度が4×1019/cm3以下である。
KNN圧電薄膜の炭素濃度を2×1019/cm3以下に、あるいはKNN圧電薄膜の水素濃度を4×1019/cm3以下にすることにより、KNN圧電薄膜の誘電損失tanδを0.1以下に実現することができる(後述の実施例における図6参照)。
y=1であるストイキオメトリー組成のKNN膜((K1-xNax)NbO3)に比べて、KやNaが少ないKNN膜を作製したところ、y=1付近のKNN膜と比べて圧電定数が大きくなることを見出した。圧電定数が向上するメカニズムの詳細は明らかではないが、yを1よりも小さくすることで、結晶として理想的なy=1のKNN膜に対して適度の不安定要因が導入されることとなり、電界による結晶格子伸縮(圧電動作)が起こりやすくなったと推測される。(K1-xNax)yNbO3の組成x、yが0.4≦x≦0.7かつ0.75≦y≦0.90の範囲にあるKNN薄膜は、PZT薄膜に代替可能な実用レベルの高い圧電定数d31を有する。
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る圧電薄膜素子の概略的な構造を示す断面図である。圧電薄膜素子は、図1に示すように、基板1上に、下地層2と、圧電薄膜3と、電極4とが順次形成されている。
また、SIMS分析で炭素濃度と同時に水素濃度の深さ方向プロファイルを測定した結果、KNN薄膜中の水素濃度と炭素濃度は、ほぼ同じような傾向のプロファイルを示していた。KNN薄膜の水素濃度に関しては、4×1019/cm3以下の場合に、tanδ≦0.1が実現できることも分かった(後述の実施例における図7参照)。
図2に、本発明の第2の実施形態に係る圧電薄膜素子の概略的な断面構造を示す。第2の実施形態の圧電薄膜素子は、図1に示す上記第1の実施形態の圧電薄膜素子と同様に、基板1上に、下地層2、圧電薄膜3、電極4を有するが、図2に示すように、基板1は、その表面に酸化膜5が形成された表面酸化膜付き基板であり、酸化膜5と下地層2との間には、下地層2の密着性を高めるための密着層6が設けられている。
図3に、本発明に係る圧電薄膜素子を用いて作製した圧電薄膜デバイスの一実施形態の概略的な構成図を示す。
以下に、実施例および比較例におけるKNN圧電薄膜の成膜方法を説明する。
基板には熱酸化膜付きSi基板((100)面方位、厚さ0.525mm、形状4インチ円形、熱酸化膜の厚さ200nm)を用いた。まず、基板上にRFマグネトロンスパッタリング法で、Ti密着層(膜厚10nm)、Pt下部電極((111)面優先配向、膜厚200nm)を形成した。Ti密着層とPt下部電極は、基板温度350℃、放電パワー300W、導入ガスAr、Ar雰囲気の圧力2.5Pa、成膜時間は、Ti密着層では3分、Pt下部電極では10分の条件で成膜した。
ICP-AES(誘導結合型プラズマ発光分析法)によって、実施例1~10および比較例1~8のKNN薄膜の組成分析を行った。試料の溶液化には、湿式酸分解法を用い、酸にはフッ化水素酸と硝酸の混合液を用いた。ICP-AESによって得られたNb、Na、Kの割合から(K+Na)/Nb比率、Na/(K+Na)比率を算出した。図8に、算出した(K+Na)/Nb比率、Na/(K+Na)比率を示す。(K+Na)/Nb比率が異なるターゲットを用いたことで(K+Na)/Nb比率が異なるKNN圧電薄膜が作製できていることが分かる。
一般的な二次イオン質量分析法(SIMS: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry)により、KNN圧電薄膜の表面側からPt下部電極までの炭素および水素の深さ方向濃度プロファイルを測定した。測定結果の一例として、実施例1の場合を図4、比較例1の場合を図5にそれぞれ示す。図4、図5には、KNN圧電薄膜のO,K,Nb,Na強度の深さ方向プロファイルも示す。比較例1では、図5に示すように、炭素および水素の濃度は、KNN圧電薄膜の表面側が高く、Pt下部電極側に近づくにつれて徐々に濃度が減少している。一方、実施例1では、図4に示すように、表面付近とPt下部電極界面付近で炭素、水素の濃度が高い領域があるが、これら以外の領域は、炭素および水素の濃度は非常に低く、且つほぼ一定の濃度となっている。
KNN圧電薄膜の比誘電率および誘電損失tanδを測定するために、図6に示すように、上記実施例および比較例のKNN圧電薄膜3の上に、Pt上部電極(膜厚100nm、サイズ1mm×1mm)4をRFマグネトロンスパッタリング法で形成した。この上部電極4と下部電極2をLCRメーターに接続し、測定周波数1kHzで静電容量とtanδを測定した。得られた静電容量から、電極面積(lmm2)、KNN圧電薄膜3の膜厚(3μm)、真空の誘電率を考慮して、比誘電率を算出した。図8に、実施例1~10および比較例1~8でのKNN薄膜の比誘電率、tanδを示す。
図7にKNN薄膜のtanδと、KNN薄膜中の炭素濃度および水素濃度の最大値との関係を示す。炭素濃度と水素濃度はtanδに対してほぼ同じ傾向を示し、tanδの増加に比例して炭素濃度および水素濃度の対数値は増加している。図7に示すように、炭素濃度を2×1019/cm3以下、水素濃度を4×1019/cm3以下にすることで、tanδ≦0.1のKNN薄膜が実現できることが分かる。
上記実施例1及び比較例1のKNN圧電薄膜を用いて、カンチレバー型の簡易アクチュエータを試作した。まず、試作にあたって、上記実施例1および比較例1のKNN圧電薄膜の上にPt上部電極をRFマグネトロンスパッタリング法で形成した後、短冊形に切り出し、KNN圧電薄膜を有する圧電薄膜素子を作製した。次に、この短冊形の圧電薄膜素子を、その長手方向の一端をクランプで固定することで簡易的なユニモルフカンチレバーを作製した。このカンチレバーのPt上部電極とPt下部電極との間のKNN圧電薄膜に、電圧印加手段によって電圧を印加し、KNN圧電薄膜を伸縮させることで、カンチレバー(圧電薄膜素子)全体を屈伸させた。このときのカンチレバーの先端変位量Δをレーザードップラ変位計で測定した。圧電定数d31は、カンチレバー先端の変位量Δ、カンチレバーの長さ、基板1とKNN圧電薄膜3の厚さとヤング率、および印加電圧から算出される。
上記実施例では、下地層として下部電極ともなるPt層を用いたが、例えば、Pt層上にNaNbO3層を形成し、Pt層とNaNbO3層の二層からなる下地層としてもよい。また、基板上にKNN圧電薄膜を形成し、圧電薄膜上に所定のパターンを備えた電極を形成することで、表面弾性波を利用したフィルタデバイスを形成することができる。表面弾性波を利用するフィルタデバイスなどのように、下部電極を必要としないデバイスの場合には、Pt層を下部電極として用いずに下地層として用いる。あるいは、Pt層に代わり他の下地層を設けても良い。例えば、基板と、下地層となるランタン酸ニッケル層と、KNN圧電薄膜と、上部パターン電極とを積層したデバイス構造としてもよい。
2 下地層(下部電極)
3 圧電薄膜(KNN圧電薄膜)
4 電極(上部電極)
5 酸化膜
6 密着層
10 圧電薄膜素子
11 電圧検知手段または電圧印加手段
Claims (8)
- 基板と、前記基板上に設けられる組成式(K1-xNax)yNbO3で表されるアルカリニオブ酸化物系ペロブスカイト構造の圧電薄膜とを有し、前記圧電薄膜の炭素濃度が2×1019/cm3以下である圧電薄膜素子。
- 基板と、前記基板上に設けられる組成式(K1-xNax)yNbO3で表されるアルカリニオブ酸化物系ペロブスカイト構造の圧電薄膜とを有し、前記圧電薄膜の水素濃度が4×1019/cm3以下である圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項1または2に記載の圧電薄膜素子において、前記圧電薄膜は、擬立方晶であり、かつ(001)面方位に優先配向している圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の圧電薄膜素子において、前記圧電薄膜の組成が0.4≦x≦0.7かつ0.75≦y≦0.90である圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の圧電薄膜素子において、前記基板と前記圧電薄膜との間には下地層が設けられている圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項5に記載の圧電薄膜素子において、前記下地層はPt層であり、前記Pt層は(111)面方位に優先配向している圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の圧電薄膜素子において、前記基板は、Si基板、表面酸化膜付きSi基板、またはSOI基板であることを特徴とする圧電薄膜素子。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の圧電薄膜素子と、前記圧電薄膜素子の前記圧電薄膜を挟んで上下に設けられる上部電極と下部電極と、前記上部電極と前記下部電極との間に接続される電圧印加手段または電圧検知手段とを備えた圧電薄膜デバイス。
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CN201180013990.7A CN102804436B (zh) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | 压电薄膜器件和压电薄膜装置 |
US13/636,883 US8446074B2 (en) | 2010-03-25 | 2011-03-24 | Piezoelectric thin-film element and piezoelectric thin-film device |
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JP5071503B2 (ja) | 2012-11-14 |
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US8446074B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
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