WO2011118452A1 - ばねの通電加熱方法及びその装置 - Google Patents
ばねの通電加熱方法及びその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118452A1 WO2011118452A1 PCT/JP2011/056052 JP2011056052W WO2011118452A1 WO 2011118452 A1 WO2011118452 A1 WO 2011118452A1 JP 2011056052 W JP2011056052 W JP 2011056052W WO 2011118452 A1 WO2011118452 A1 WO 2011118452A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- electrode
- electrodes
- workpiece
- resistance value
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/02—Details
- H05B3/03—Electrodes
Definitions
- This application relates to a technique for energizing and heating a spring.
- heat treatment for example, quenching, tempering, tempering, etc.
- a heating furnace is generally used for the heat treatment of the spring, the size of the equipment tends to increase. Therefore, it has been studied to heat-treat the spring by energization heating.
- energization heating an electrode is brought into contact with one end of a spring to be heated, another electrode is brought into contact with the other end of the spring, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes brought into contact with both ends of the spring. As a result, a current flows from one end side to the other end side in the spring, and the spring is heated by the Joule heat.
- the method of energizing and heating a spring disclosed in this specification includes a step of bringing at least a pair of electrodes into contact with the spring, and a step of energizing and heating the spring by applying a voltage between the pair of electrodes in contact with the spring. ing.
- the electrode includes a first portion having a first electric resistance value and a second portion having a second electric resistance value higher than the first electric resistance value.
- the electrode used in this method has a first portion having a low electrical resistance value and a second portion having a high electrical resistance value. For this reason, when the spring is energized through the electrode, the second part generates heat, and the vicinity of the part in contact with the electrode of the spring is heated by this heat generation. Further, heat generation from the vicinity of the electrode of the spring is suppressed by the heat generation of the second portion. As a result, the entire spring including the vicinity of the electrode can be heated by a single current heating.
- the coefficient ⁇ is a coefficient for considering that the temperature of the second portion of the electrode at the start of energization varies depending on the operating state of the energization heating apparatus in which the electrode is used. That is, when the operating state of the energization heating apparatus is at the time of start-up or intermittent operation, the temperature of the second part of the electrode is low, so that the temperature increase amount of the second part of the electrode needs to be increased. On the other hand, when the operating state of the energization heating apparatus is during continuous operation, the temperature of the second portion of the electrode is high, and therefore it is not necessary to increase the temperature increase amount of the second portion of the electrode.
- an appropriate operating condition can be determined by introducing a coefficient ⁇ (coefficient ⁇ corresponding to the temperature of the second portion of the electrode at the start of energization) that changes according to the operating state of the energization heating device.
- This coefficient ⁇ can be in the range of 0.7 to 1.0.
- a predetermined set temperature that is, when the energization heating device is in continuous operation
- the coefficient ⁇ is set to 0.7 to 0.8.
- the coefficient ⁇ is set to 1.0.
- the electrode is made of a first part made of a Cu-based material in order from the side in contact with the spring, and a material having the same resistance as the spring or a material having an electrical resistance value equal to or greater than the electrical resistance value of the spring. It is preferable to have a second part made of a material and a third part made of a Cu-based material. According to such a configuration, since the first portion made of the Cu-based material is disposed on the side in contact with the spring, the contact resistance between the spring and the electrode can be lowered. As a result, it is possible to allow a current to flow suitably through the spring.
- the present specification provides an energization heating apparatus that can be suitably used for the above energization heating method. That is, the energization heating device disclosed in this specification includes a pair of electrodes that are brought into contact with the spring and a power supply device that applies a voltage between the pair of electrodes.
- the electrode includes a first portion having a first electric resistance value and a second portion having a second electric resistance value higher than the first electric resistance value.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows schematic structure of the electric heating apparatus of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 The figure which expands and shows the structure of an electrode.
- the energization heating apparatus 10 includes a power source 12, electrodes 16a and 16b connected to the power source 12 through a wiring 13b, and electrodes 16c connected to the power source 12 through a switch 14 and a wiring 13a. , 16d.
- the power source 12 either a DC power source or an AC power source can be used.
- the on / off state of the switch 14 is controlled by a control device (not shown).
- the electrodes 16a and 16b clamp one end of the workpiece W, and the electrodes 16c and 16d clamp the other end of the workpiece W.
- the workpiece W is a torsion bar formed of a conductive material (for example, spring steel).
- the electrodes 16a to 16d clamp the workpiece W, the electrodes 16a to 16d and the workpiece W are in electrical contact.
- the power supply 12, the wirings 13a and 13b, the switch 14, the electrodes 16a to 16d, and the work W form one electric circuit.
- the control device turns on the switch 14 a current flows through the workpiece W, and the workpiece W is energized and heated.
- the control device turns off the switch 14, the current flowing through the workpiece W is interrupted.
- Each of the electrodes 16a to 16d has the same configuration, and as shown in FIG. 2, is composed of a first electrode portion 18a, a second electrode portion 20, and a third electrode portion 18b.
- the first electrode portion 18a is formed of a material having a low electrical resistance value (for example, a Cu-based material (Cu alloy or the like)).
- a contact surface that follows the surface shape of the workpiece W is formed on the first electrode portion 18a. As a result, the contact resistance between the first electrode portion 18a and the workpiece W is reduced.
- the 2nd electrode part 20 is formed with the material (for example, Fe type material) whose electrical resistance value is higher than the 1st electrode part 18a.
- the material of the 2nd electrode part 20 when the workpiece
- the 2nd electrode part 20 is connected to the surface of the side which does not contact the workpiece
- the third electrode portion 18b is formed of the same material as the first electrode portion 18a (for example, a Cu-based material (Cu alloy or the like)). The 3rd electrode part 18b is connected to the surface opposite to the side connected to the 1st electrode part 18a of the 2nd electrode part 18a.
- the resistance value of the workpiece W is R W
- the weight is m W
- the specific heat is Cp W
- the resistance value of each of the second electrode portions 20 of the electrodes 16a to 16d is R E
- the weight is m E
- the material, weight ratio, and dimensions of the second electrode portion 20 of each of the electrodes 16a to 16d are determined so that / (m W ⁇ Cp W ) ⁇ R E / (m E ⁇ Cp E ) is satisfied.
- the coefficient ⁇ is set to 0.7 to 0.8.
- the coefficient ⁇ is set to 1.0.
- the resistance R W of the workpiece W is, ⁇ w ⁇ L w / A w ( ⁇ w: the resistivity of the workpiece W, L w: length of the workpiece W, A w: the cross-sectional area of the workpiece W) is calculated by be able to.
- the resistance value R E of the second electrode unit 20 can also be calculated in the same manner as the resistance value R W of the workpiece W.
- the temperature of each of the electrodes 16a to 16d is increased to a temperature substantially equal to the temperature of the workpiece W when the workpiece W is energized and heated.
- the temperature of the second electrode unit 20 can be increased. For example, when the resistance value of the workpiece W is large and the workpiece W is likely to become high temperature, the size and weight of the second electrode portion 20 of each of the electrodes 16a to 16d are reduced, and the temperature of each of the electrodes 16a to 16d is increased to a high temperature. Adjust to raise the temperature. Further, as apparent from the above description, the coefficient ⁇ changes according to the operation status of the electric heating device 10, and therefore the condition required for the second electrode unit 20 also changes according to the operation status of the electric heating device 10. .
- one end of the workpiece W is clamped by the electrodes 16a and 16b, and the other end of the workpiece W is clamped by the electrodes 16c and 16d.
- the switch 14 is turned on to pass a current through the work W.
- a DC power source is used as the power source 12
- one end (electrodes 16a and 16d) of the work W is connected to the other end (electrodes 16c and 16d), or one end (the electrodes 16c and 16d) is connected to the other end (electrodes 16c and 16d).
- a current flows towards the electrodes 16a, 16b).
- each of the electrodes 16a to 16d has the second electrode portion 20 having a high electric resistance value, and the temperature of each of the electrodes 16a to 16d rises to approximately the same as the temperature of the workpiece W during energization heating. Therefore, the end portion of the workpiece W (in the vicinity of the portion in contact with the electrodes 16a to 16d) is heated or kept warm by the heat generated by the electrodes 16a to 16d. As a result, the entire workpiece W including the terminal is heated to a predetermined temperature. When the energization heating to the workpiece W is finished, the switch 14 is turned off.
- each of the electrodes 16a to 16d has the second electrode portion 20 having a high electric resistance value, and is approximately the same as the temperature of the workpiece W during energization heating.
- the electrodes 16a to 16d are configured to be heated to a temperature of Therefore, the end portion of the workpiece W (in the vicinity of the portion in contact with the electrodes 16a to 16d) can be heated or kept warm by the heat generated by the electrodes 16a to 16d. As a result, the entire work W can be heated only by energizing the work W once (that is, by passing a current from one end of the work W to the other end).
- the desired heat treatment can be performed on the entire workpiece W.
- the electrodes 16a to 16d are formed with a first electrode portion 18a having a low electric resistance value at a portion in contact with the workpiece W, and a contact surface following the surface shape of the workpiece W is formed on the first electrode portion 18a. ing. For this reason, the contact resistance between the workpiece W and the first electrode portion 18a can be kept low, and a current can be suitably passed through the workpiece W. Depending on the hardness and shape of the workpiece W, the contact resistance may not be a problem even with the second electrode portion 20 alone. In such a case, the first electrode portion 18a may be omitted.
- a rod-shaped spring material such as a torsion bar is energized and heated, but the technique disclosed in this specification is not limited to such a form.
- the technique disclosed in this specification can be applied to an energization heating device that energizes and heats the coil spring 22.
- This energization heating device includes a clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) for clamping the upper end 22a of the coil spring 22 and a clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) for clamping the lower end 22b of the coil spring 22.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) includes clamp members 24a, 26a. As shown in FIG. 4, electrodes 25a and 23a are attached to the clamp members 24a and 26a, respectively.
- the electrodes 23a and 25a have the same configuration as that of the above-described embodiment. That is, the electrodes 23a and 25a have a first electrode portion, a second electrode portion, and a third electrode portion, and the electric resistance value of the second electrode portion is higher than the electric resistance values of the first and third electrode portions. Has been. Further, a contact surface that follows the shape of the coil spring 22 is formed on the first electrode portion.
- the clamp members 24a and 26a can be moved between positions close to each other (clamp position) and positions separated from each other (open position) by an actuator (not shown).
- an actuator not shown
- the clamp members 24a and 26a move to the clamp position
- the upper end 22a of the coil spring 22 is clamped by the electrodes 25a and 23a.
- the coil spring 22 and the electrodes 25a and 23a are electrically connected.
- the clamp members 24a and 26a move to the open position, the upper end 22a of the coil spring 22 and the electrodes 25a and 23a are not in contact with each other.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) is rotatable around the axis of the coil spring 22. As a result, even if the coil spring 22 is deformed by energization heating, the deformation can be dealt with.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) for clamping the lower end of the coil spring 22 has substantially the same configuration as the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) described above. However, unlike the clamp mechanisms (24a, 26a), the clamp mechanisms (24b, 26b) are also driven in the vertical direction in FIG. 3 by an actuator (not shown). The clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) is driven up and down to enable the coil spring 22 to be set and removed from the energization heating device. The clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) can be moved between a clamp position and an open position by an actuator (not shown) as well as the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) described above. It can be rotated around.
- the energization heating apparatus includes a jig 28 that supports the lower end 22 b of the coil spring 22 and a jig 42 that supports the upper end 22 a of the coil spring 22.
- the jig 28 is formed with a contact surface 28 a that follows the shape of the lower end 22 b of the coil spring 22.
- the jig 28 is driven up and down by a hydraulic device 34.
- the hydraulic device 34 includes a cylinder 30 and a piston rod 32 that moves forward and backward with respect to the cylinder 30.
- a jig 28 is attached to the tip of the piston rod 32.
- the jig 42 is configured similarly to the jig 28 described above.
- the jig 42 has a contact surface 42 a that follows the shape of the upper end 22 a of the coil spring 22, and is driven up and down by a hydraulic device 40 that includes a cylinder 36 and a piston rod 38.
- a hydraulic device 40 that includes a cylinder 36 and a piston rod 38.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) and the jig 28 are retracted downward.
- the coil spring 22 is set on the jig 42 by a robot hand (not shown). That is, the robot hand is driven until the upper end 22 a of the coil spring 22 comes into contact with the jig 42 to position the coil spring 22 with respect to the jig 42.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) clamps the upper end 22a of the coil spring 22.
- the jig 28 and the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) move upward, and then the lower end 22b of the coil spring 22 is clamped by the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b).
- a voltage is applied between the upper end and the lower end of the coil spring 22 in this state, and the coil spring 22 is energized.
- the entirety of the coil spring 22 excluding the end portion that is, the vicinity of the portion in contact with the electrode
- the end of the coil spring 22 (that is, the vicinity of the portion in contact with the electrode) is heated to approximately the same temperature as the coil spring 22 due to the heat generated by the electrode.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) opens the lower end 22b of the coil spring 22, and then the jig 28 and the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) are retracted downward.
- a robot hand (not shown) grips the coil spring 22
- the clamp mechanism (24 a, 26 a) opens the upper end 22 a of the coil spring 22.
- the robot hand conveys the coil spring 22 outside the apparatus.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) moves in the vertical direction according to the deformation of the coil spring 22, and the clamp mechanisms (24a, 26a), (24b, 26b) move around the axis of the coil spring 22. Rotate. Thereby, the thermal deformation of the coil spring 22 is absorbed.
- the coil spring 22 can be heated by a single energization process by using the energization heating device of FIGS. Further, during energization heating, the clamp mechanism can freely move according to the thermal deformation of the coil spring 22, so that unnecessary external force can be prevented from acting on the coil spring 22. Thereby, the heat treatment of the coil spring 22 can be suitably performed.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) that clamps the upper end of the coil spring 22 may be movable in the vertical direction.
- the technique disclosed in this specification can be suitably applied when heat-treating a spring having a tip portion that does not function as a spring. That is, the tip portion that does not function as a spring is less required to strictly control the temperature during heat treatment. For this reason, by clamping this tip part with an electrode and conducting energization heating, the part functioning as a spring is not clamped with an electrode, and the heat treatment temperature of the part functioning as a spring can be accurately controlled.
- Examples of such a spring include a coil spring, a snap ring, a stabilizer, a torsion bar, and a spiral spring.
- the electrode portion is heated in advance by a heater (for example, a resistance heater, a plasma heater, an induction heater), and then the electric heating of the workpiece is performed. Good. Thereby, the vicinity of the part which contacts the electrode part of a workpiece
- a heater for example, a resistance heater, a plasma heater, an induction heater
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Abstract
Description
また、本明細書に開示する通電加熱装置では、電極部分を予め加熱器(例えば、抵抗加熱器、プラズマ加熱器、誘導加熱器)により加熱した後に、ワークの通電加熱を実行するようにしてもよい。これによって、ワークの電極部分と接触する部分の近傍を十分に加熱することができる。
さらに、サーモグラフ等の非接触式温度計によってワークの温度を計測し、その計測した温度に基づいて通電加熱量を制御するようにしてもよい。
Claims (6)
- ばねを通電加熱する方法であって、
ばねに少なくとも一対の電極を接触させる工程と、
ばねに接触させた一対の電極間に電圧を印加してばねを通電加熱する工程と、を有しており、
前記電極が、第1の電気抵抗値を有する第1部分と、第1の電気抵抗値より高い第2の電気抵抗値を有する第2部分を有している、ばねの通電加熱方法。 - ばねの抵抗値をRWとし、ばねの重量をmWとし、ばねの比熱をCpWとし、電極の第2部分の抵抗値をREとし、電極の第2部分の重量をmEとし、電極の第2部分の比熱をCpEとし、通電開始時における電極の第2部分の温度に応じて決まる係数をαとしたときに、
α×RW/(mW×CpW)≦RE/(mE×CpE)
が成立する条件で、通電加熱工程を実行する、請求項1に記載のばねの通電加熱方法。 - 通電開始時における電極の第2部分の温度が高いほど、係数αが小さくなるように設定されている、請求項2に記載のばねの通電加熱方法。
- 係数αは、通電開始時における電極の第2部分の温度が設定温度より高いときは0.7~0.8とし、通電開始時における電極の第2部分の温度が設定温度より低いときは1.0とする、請求項3に記載のばねの通電加熱方法。
- 電極は、ばねと接触する側から順に、Cu系材料を材料とする第1部分と、ばねと同一の材料又はばねの電気抵抗値以上の電気抵抗値を有する材料を材料とする第2部分と、Cu系材料を材料とする第3部分を有している、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のばねの通電加熱方法。
- ばねを通電加熱する装置であって、
ばねに接触させる一対の電極と、
一対の電極間に電圧を印加する電源装置と、を有しており、
前記電極が、第1の電気抵抗値を有する第1部分と、第1の電気抵抗値より高い第2の電気抵抗値を有する第2部分を有している、ばねの通電加熱装置。
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/636,259 US20130092675A1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | Method and apparatus for electrically heating spring |
BR112012024030A BR112012024030A2 (pt) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | método e aparelho para aquecimento elétrico de mola |
CA2793708A CA2793708A1 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | Method and apparatus for electrically heating spring |
EP11759258.4A EP2551360A4 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | METHOD FOR THE ELECTRIC HEATING OF A SPRING AND DEVICE THEREFOR |
CN201180015274.2A CN102834530B (zh) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | 弹簧的通电加热方法及其装置 |
KR1020127027305A KR20130050293A (ko) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | 스프링의 통전 가열 방법 및 그 장치 |
MX2012011028A MX2012011028A (es) | 2010-03-23 | 2011-03-15 | Metodo y aparato para calentar electricamente un resorte. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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JP2010065506A JP5574772B2 (ja) | 2010-03-23 | 2010-03-23 | ばねの通電加熱方法及びその装置 |
JP2010-065506 | 2010-03-23 |
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US (1) | US20130092675A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2551360A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5574772B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20130050293A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102834530B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112012024030A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2793708A1 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX2012011028A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011118452A1 (ja) |
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KR102016914B1 (ko) | 2018-09-04 | 2019-09-02 | 대원강업주식회사 | 저항가열을 이용한 자동차 현가장치 코일스프링의 핫세팅용 지그 |
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KR102122809B1 (ko) | 2019-02-07 | 2020-06-15 | 대원강업주식회사 | 자동차 현가장치 코일스프링 생산 방법 |
KR102181670B1 (ko) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-11-23 | 대원강업주식회사 | 자동차 현가장치용 코일스프링 생산 방법 |
WO2023188536A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 日本発條株式会社 | 加熱方法および加熱システム |
WO2024075314A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-05 | 2024-04-11 | 日本発條株式会社 | コイルばねの製造方法 |
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- 2011-03-15 CA CA2793708A patent/CA2793708A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-15 EP EP11759258.4A patent/EP2551360A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-03-15 CN CN201180015274.2A patent/CN102834530B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-03-15 US US13/636,259 patent/US20130092675A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-03-15 BR BR112012024030A patent/BR112012024030A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-03-15 WO PCT/JP2011/056052 patent/WO2011118452A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-03-15 KR KR1020127027305A patent/KR20130050293A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-03-15 MX MX2012011028A patent/MX2012011028A/es active IP Right Grant
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JPS50139007A (ja) * | 1974-04-27 | 1975-11-06 | ||
JPS5274511A (en) * | 1975-12-18 | 1977-06-22 | Shiroyama Seisakusho Kk | Method of heating steel bar etc by passage of electricity |
JPS5938329A (ja) * | 1982-08-27 | 1984-03-02 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | ばねの焼入れ方法 |
JPH06136432A (ja) * | 1992-10-26 | 1994-05-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 導電性棒材の通電加熱方法及び装置 |
JP2000336425A (ja) * | 1999-05-26 | 2000-12-05 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | 鋼板の部分焼入方法 |
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CN107760834A (zh) * | 2012-03-28 | 2018-03-06 | 中央发条株式会社 | 加热装置以及加热方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX2012011028A (es) | 2013-01-29 |
KR20130050293A (ko) | 2013-05-15 |
BR112012024030A2 (pt) | 2016-08-30 |
EP2551360A1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
CA2793708A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
JP2011195919A (ja) | 2011-10-06 |
CN102834530A (zh) | 2012-12-19 |
CN102834530B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
EP2551360A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
JP5574772B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
US20130092675A1 (en) | 2013-04-18 |
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