WO2013099821A1 - ばねの製造方法及びばね - Google Patents
ばねの製造方法及びばね Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099821A1 WO2013099821A1 PCT/JP2012/083345 JP2012083345W WO2013099821A1 WO 2013099821 A1 WO2013099821 A1 WO 2013099821A1 JP 2012083345 W JP2012083345 W JP 2012083345W WO 2013099821 A1 WO2013099821 A1 WO 2013099821A1
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- spring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
Definitions
- the technology disclosed in this specification relates to a spring manufacturing technology.
- the present invention relates to a technique for heat-treating a spring material (that is, a metal material serving as a spring material such as a spring steel material).
- the spring material is subjected to a heat treatment (so-called annealing treatment) in order to remove processing distortion generated in the spring material. That is, when a spring material is formed into a spring shape by plastic processing (for example, bending processing or twisting processing), processing distortion occurs in the spring material. Since processing strain adversely affects the spring characteristics (for example, durability, sag resistance, hydrogen embrittlement resistance), after forming the spring material into a spring shape, heat treatment is performed to remove the processing strain generated in the spring material.
- annealing treatment heat treatment in order to remove processing distortion generated in the spring material.
- a heating furnace such as a hot air furnace or an infrared heating furnace is usually used.
- a heating furnace such as a hot air furnace or an infrared heating furnace is usually used.
- a spring material formed into a spring shape is put into the heating furnace from one end of the heating furnace.
- the spring material put into the heating furnace is heated while being conveyed toward the other end of the heating furnace, and is carried out of the heating furnace from the other end of the heating furnace.
- the spring material is subjected to heat treatment, and processing strain is removed from the spring material.
- the processing temperature is generally set to 350 to 500 ° C.
- the processing time is set to 20 to 60 minutes.
- the heat treatment takes time, and as a result, various problems are included.
- the annealing process described above will be specifically described as an example.
- a spring is manufactured by the line production method (that is, when a spring is mass-produced)
- the step of forming the spring material into a spring shape is performed, the formed spring material is transferred to the heat treatment step, and the heat treatment is performed in the heat treatment step.
- the time required for the heat treatment process is longer than the time required for the molding process. That is, in the conventional manufacturing method, the time required for the molding process is 4 to 60 seconds, while the time required for the heat treatment process is 20 to 60 minutes.
- the inventors of the present application are considering performing the above-described heat treatment by energization heating that heats the spring material by passing an electric current through the spring material. Since the heating by heating can heat the spring material in a short time, the heat treatment can be performed in a short time.
- the spring material is processed by energization heating, the temperature of the portion of the spring material that is in contact with the electrode is unlikely to rise, and the processing distortion of this portion is difficult to remove.
- the position in contact with the electrode is not the terminal of the spring material but the inner position away from the terminal, current does not flow in the part closer to the terminal than the position in contact with the electrode, and such a part is not heated. There is also. For this reason, desired mechanical characteristics (durability, sag resistance, hydrogen brittleness resistance) cannot be obtained in a part of the spring material that is in contact with the electrode or a part where no current flows.
- the part of the spring material that is clamped by the electrode (for example, the end of the spring) has a lower stress than other parts depending on the state of use. For this reason, compared with other parts, high durability and sag resistance are not required, and if the hydrogen embrittlement can be avoided, the amount of processing strain to be removed may be small.
- a spark is likely to occur between the electrode and the spring material, and a local large current may flow through a portion in contact with the electrode.
- the spring material may be locally heated to a high temperature. In such a case, there is a possibility that the spring material at that portion may become martensite, which may deteriorate the mechanical characteristics of the spring material.
- This specification provides a technique that can perform an appropriate heat treatment on a portion that is in contact with an electrode during energization heating when the spring material is heat treated by energization heating.
- the first electrode is brought into contact with the first position of the spring material, and the second electrode is separated from the first position in the axial direction of the spring material.
- the position outside the position in contact with the electrode may also be heated. That is, in the fourth step, the portion of the spring material that is in contact with the first electrode and the second electrode, the portion on the side opposite to the second electrode from the portion that is in contact with the first electrode, and the second electrode are contacted. You may heat at least the site
- This specification also discloses a novel spring. That is, in the spring disclosed in this specification, overheating marks are formed on both ends of the spring or the surface in the vicinity of both ends, and the structure of the portion where the overheating marks are formed is tempered martensite. ing.
- This spring can have suitable mechanical properties while being heat-treated in a short time by energization heating.
- the top view of the electric heating apparatus of FIG. The flowchart which shows the procedure of the heat processing which concerns on an Example.
- the portion to be heated of the spring material may be heated to 400 to 600 ° C. in the fourth step.
- the heating temperature in the fourth step may be 400 ° C. or higher, the martensitic portion due to spark or the like is tempered, and the martensitic structure can be eliminated.
- the hardness of a spring material is appropriately securable because the heating temperature of a 4th process shall be 600 degrees C or less.
- “temperature” means the surface temperature of the spring material. Therefore, the temperature inside the spring material does not need to be 400 to 600 ° C., and the temperature of the surface of the spring material only needs to be 400 to 600 ° C.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification further includes a temperature measuring step of measuring a surface temperature of a portion of the spring material that is in contact with the electrode or the vicinity thereof between the third step and the fourth step. It may be.
- the heating time may be adjusted based on the surface temperature measured in the temperature measurement step. According to such a configuration, the heating time of the fourth step is adjusted based on the temperature measured before the fourth step, so that the heat treatment of the fourth step can be appropriately performed.
- the surface temperature of the spring material in contact with the electrode or the vicinity thereof is measured, and the heating time is adjusted based on the measured surface temperature. You may make it do.
- the heating in the fourth step may be terminated when the measured surface temperature reaches a predetermined temperature. According to such a configuration, since the heat treatment is performed based on the measured surface temperature of the spring material, the heat treatment in the fourth step can be appropriately performed.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification may further include, for example, a forming step of forming a spring material into a spring shape before the first step. Then, the first to fourth steps may be heat treatment for removing processing strain generated in the spring material by the forming step. According to such a configuration, it is possible to appropriately remove the processing distortion caused by the molding process.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification may further include a setting step of setting the spring material after the fourth step.
- the heating process for heating the spring material is not performed between the fourth process and the setting process
- the setting process is a hot setting performed in the process of cooling from the heating in the second process and the fourth process. May be. According to such a configuration, since hot setting is performed on the spring material that is heated as a whole including the terminal, residual shear strain can be increased in the entire spring material, and sag resistance can be improved.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification may further include a shot peening step of performing shot peening on the surface of the spring material after the setting step.
- the heating process for heating the spring material is not performed between the setting process and the shot peening process, and the shot peening process is a warm shot performed in the process of cooling from the heating in the second process and the fourth process. It may be peened.
- shot peening for example, warm shot peening
- compressive residual stress is applied to a deep position of the entire spring material (including the end). And mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance can be improved.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification further includes a hot setting step of performing hot setting of the spring material after the fourth step.
- the first to fourth steps are for hot setting. It may be a heat treatment. According to such a configuration, since the heat treatment before hot setting is appropriately performed, the subsequent hot setting can be suitably performed.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in this specification further includes a shot peening process for performing warm shot peening on the surface of the spring material after the fourth process, and the first to fourth processes include a warm peening process. It may be a heat treatment for short shot peening. According to such a configuration, since the heat treatment before the warm shot peening is appropriately performed, the subsequent warm shot peening can be suitably performed.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification further includes a shot peening step of performing shot peening on the surface of the spring material before the first step, and the first to fourth steps include shot peening. It may be a heat treatment for releasing distortion caused by the process. According to such a configuration, the strain applied to the spring material by shot peening can be preferably released by the heat treatment in the first to fourth steps.
- the spring manufacturing method disclosed in the present specification further includes a painting step of painting the surface of the spring material after the fourth step, and the first to fourth steps are preliminary for painting. It may be a heat treatment for heating. According to such a configuration, since the coating is performed on the surface of the spring material that is heated as a whole, it is possible to suitably perform the coating on the entire surface of the spring material.
- the manufacturing method of the spring which concerns on an Example is demonstrated.
- a case of manufacturing a car suspension coil spring (hereinafter referred to as a suspension coil spring), which is a kind of spring, will be described as an example.
- the suspension coil spring is disposed between the vehicle body and the wheel, and generates a force that presses the wheel against the road surface.
- the suspension coil spring is manufactured by forming a spring steel material into a spiral shape.
- As the spring steel material a spring wire material having a constant cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction can be used.
- SUP12 Japanese Industrial Standard JIS G 4801
- SWOSC-B Japanese Industrial Standard JIS G 3560
- a spring steel material is bent into a spiral shape by bending it cold or warm.
- a lead screw method in which the spring steel material is wound around a grooved mandrel (lead screw) or an NC coiling method using a guide roller can be used. Due to this bending process, a work distortion occurs in the spring steel material.
- heat treatment is performed on the spring steel material formed into a spiral shape.
- This heat treatment includes a first heat treatment performed by electric heating and a second heat treatment performed by a heating method other than the electric heating.
- an electric current is passed through the spring steel material to be treated, thereby heating the spring steel material.
- the spring steel material can be heated to a desired temperature in a short time. If the spring steel material used for the suspension coil spring is a spring wire material having a constant cross-sectional area, the entire spring steel material is uniformly heated, and the entire spring steel material can be uniformly heat-treated.
- the electric heating apparatus 10 includes a clamp mechanism (24 a, 26 a) that clamps the upper end 22 a of the spring steel material 22, and a clamp mechanism (24 b, 26 b) that clamps the lower end 22 b of the spring steel material 22.
- the power supply device 50 is provided.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) includes clamp members 24a, 26a. As shown in FIG. 2, electrodes 25a and 23a are attached to the clamp members 24a and 26a, respectively. The electrodes 25a and 23a are formed with contact surfaces that follow the shape of the spring steel material 22. The electrodes 25 a and 23 a are connected to the power supply device 50.
- the clamp members 24a and 26a can be moved between positions close to each other (clamp position) and positions separated from each other (open position) by an actuator (not shown).
- an actuator not shown
- the clamp members 24a and 26a move to the clamp position
- the upper end 22a of the spring steel material 22 is clamped by the electrodes 25a and 23a.
- the spring steel material 22 and the electrodes 25a and 23a are electrically connected.
- the clamp members 24a and 26a move to the open position, the upper end 22a of the spring steel material 22 and the electrodes 25a and 23a are brought into a non-contact state.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) is rotatable around the winding axis of the spring steel material 22 (that is, the axis of the suspension coil spring). Thereby, even if the spring steel material 22 is deformed by energization heating, the deformation can be dealt with.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) that clamps the lower end of the spring steel material 22 has substantially the same configuration as the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) described above. However, unlike the clamp mechanisms (24a, 26a), the clamp mechanisms (24b, 26b) are driven in the vertical direction in FIG. 1 by an actuator (not shown). The clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) is driven up and down, so that the spring steel material 22 can be set and taken out from the energization heating device. The clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) can be moved between a clamp position and an open position by an actuator (not shown), and the winding of the spring steel material 22 can be performed similarly to the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) described above. It can rotate around the rotation axis.
- the electric heating device 10 includes a jig 28 that supports the lower end 22 b of the spring steel material 22 and a jig 42 that supports the upper end 22 a of the spring steel material 22.
- the jig 28 is formed with a contact surface 28 a that follows the shape of the lower end 22 b of the spring steel material 22.
- the jig 28 is driven up and down by a hydraulic device 34.
- the hydraulic device 34 includes a cylinder 30 and a piston rod 32 that moves forward and backward with respect to the cylinder 30.
- a jig 28 is attached to the tip of the piston rod 32.
- the jig 42 is configured similarly to the jig 28 described above.
- the jig 42 has a contact surface 42 a that follows the shape of the upper end 22 a of the spring steel material 22, and is driven up and down by a hydraulic device 40 that includes a cylinder 36 and a piston rod 38.
- a hydraulic device 40 that includes a cylinder 36 and a piston rod 38.
- the electric heating device 10 includes a thermometer 44.
- the thermometer 44 measures the surface temperature of the substantially central portion (substantially central portion in the coil axis direction) of the spring steel material 22.
- the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 measured by the thermometer 44 is input to the power supply device 50.
- the thermometer 44 may be a non-contact type such as a radiation thermometer or a thermograph.
- the power supply device 50 is connected to the electrodes 23a and 25a of the clamp mechanism (24a and 26a) and the electrodes of the clamp mechanism (24b and 26b) and supplies current to the spring steel material 22.
- the power supply device 50 includes a control unit 52 that controls the amount of power supplied to the spring steel material 22.
- the control unit 52 is connected to the thermometer 44 and receives the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 measured by the thermometer 44.
- the control unit 52 controls the amount of electric power supplied from the power supply device 50 to the spring steel material 22 based on the input surface temperature of the spring steel material 22.
- the procedure of the heat treatment method according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) and the jig 28 are retracted downward.
- the spring steel material 22 is set on the jig 42 by a robot hand (not shown). That is, the robot hand is driven until the upper end 22 a of the spring steel material 22 comes into contact with the jig 42 to position the spring steel material 22 with respect to the jig 42.
- the clamp mechanism (24a, 26a) clamps the upper end 22a of the spring steel material 22.
- the jig 28 and the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) move upward, and then the lower end 22b of the spring steel material 22 is clamped by the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b).
- the control unit 52 applies a voltage between the upper end 22 a and the lower end 22 b of the spring steel material 22 by the power supply device 50 and starts energizing the spring steel material 22. (S12). Thereby, heating of the spring steel material 22 is started.
- a soft start that gradually increases the amount of power P supplied to the spring steel material 22 may be executed. By executing the soft start, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of a spark between the electrode and the spring steel material 22.
- the output of the power supply device 50 that is, the amount of power supplied to the spring steel material 22
- the output of the power supply device 50 that is, the amount of power supplied to the spring steel material 22
- the output of the power supply device 50 that is, the amount of power supplied to the spring steel material 22
- the output of the power supply device 50 that is, the amount of power supplied to the spring steel material 22
- the control unit 52 measures the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 from the output of the thermometer 44 (S14), and determines whether or not the surface temperature has reached the processing temperature (S16). ).
- the process proceeds to step S18.
- the process returns to step S14 and the processes from step S14 are repeated. As a result, the spring steel material 22 is heated until the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 reaches the processing temperature.
- the treatment temperature is preferably set in the range of 430 ° C to 500 ° C.
- the spring steel material is heated to a higher temperature than the conventional heat treatment temperature (380 to 430 ° C.), and the heat treatment can be completed in a short time.
- the set temperature is set to 500 ° C. or less, the composition of the spring steel material is prevented from being transformed, and the mechanical properties of the spring steel material are prevented from being changed by the heat treatment.
- the processing temperature has a correlation with the set time in step S20 described next.
- the processing for removing the processing strain may be shorter as the processing temperature is higher, and the processing time is longer as the processing temperature is lower. Therefore, it is preferable to set the setting time in step S20 according to the processing temperature or to set the processing temperature according to the setting time.
- the set time in step S20 is set, and the processing temperature is set according to the set set time (soaking time), so that an appropriate amount of heat treatment can be applied to the spring steel material.
- step S18 the control unit 52 controls (feedback control) the amount of power P supplied from the power supply device 50 to the spring steel material 22 based on the temperature of the spring steel material 22 measured by the thermometer 44 (S18). That is, the electric power P supplied from the power supply device 50 to the spring steel material 22 is controlled so that the deviation between the measured surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 and the processing temperature becomes zero.
- the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 is favorably maintained at the processing temperature.
- Various known feedback control methods for example, PID control
- PID control can be used for this feedback control.
- step S20 the control unit 52 determines whether or not the time after starting the feedback control in step S18 (that is, the elapsed time) has reached the set time (S20). If the elapsed time does not become the set time (NO in S20), the process returns to step S18 and the processes from step S18 are repeated. Thereby, feedback control is performed only for the set time, and the spring steel material 22 is maintained at the processing temperature. On the other hand, when the elapsed time reaches the set time (YES in S20), the control unit 52 stops the power supply from the power supply device 50 to the spring steel material 22 (S22). When the power supply to the spring steel material 22 is stopped, the spring steel material 22 is naturally cooled.
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) opens the lower end 22b of the spring steel material 22 (S24). Thereafter, the jig 28 and the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) are retracted downward.
- a robot hand (not shown) grips the spring steel material 22
- the clamp mechanism (24 a, 26 a) opens the upper end 22 a of the spring steel material 22, and then the robot hand conveys the spring steel material 22 to the outside of the energization heating device 10. .
- the clamp mechanism (24b, 26b) moves in the vertical direction according to the deformation of the spring steel material 22, and the clamp mechanisms (24a, 26a), (24b, 26b) are the spring steel material. Rotate around 22 winding axes. Thereby, the thermal deformation of the spring steel material 22 is absorbed.
- the spring steel material 22 is transferred to a heat treatment facility (not shown), and the end portion of the spring steel material 22 (specifically, the portion clamped by the electrode during the electric current heating and its vicinity) is further heated.
- the heat treatment in step S26 is performed using a method capable of locally heating the spring steel material 22.
- a method capable of locally heating the spring steel material 22 for example, induction heating, pressing of a heated mold, salt bath immersion, heating by a burner, hot air blowing, infrared irradiation, plasma heating, heating by a laser, heating by a fluidized bed furnace, superheated steam is used. Heating, magnetic heating, etc. can be used.
- step S26 the surface temperature of the end portion of the spring steel material 22 is measured (S28), and it is determined whether or not the surface temperature has reached the set temperature (S30).
- the process proceeds to step S32, and the heating process in step S26 is terminated (S32).
- the process returns to step S28 and the processes from step S28 are repeated.
- the end of the spring steel material 22 is heated until the surface temperature of the end of the spring steel material 22 reaches the set temperature.
- a non-contact thermometer such as a radiation thermometer or a thermograph can be used for the measurement of the surface temperature in step S28.
- the set temperature in step S30 is preferably set in the range of 400 ° C to 600 ° C.
- the set temperature higher than 400 ° C., it is possible to appropriately remove the working distortion generated at the end of the spring steel material 22.
- the martensite layer can be eliminated by tempering. Therefore, the end of the spring steel material 22 is prevented from becoming too hard.
- the end portion of the spring steel material 22 is prevented from becoming harder than the maximum hardness of a portion other than the end portion of the spring steel material 22.
- the set temperature to 600 ° C. or lower, the end of the spring steel material 22 is prevented from becoming too soft. As a result, the end portion of the spring steel material 22 is prevented from becoming softer than the minimum hardness of a portion other than the end portion of the spring steel material 22.
- the portion of the spring steel material 22 that is clamped by the electrode is locally heated. .
- part which was not heated by electrical heating can be removed.
- the martensite layer can be removed by tempering. Therefore, desired mechanical properties can be imparted to the entire spring steel material 22.
- the surface temperature of the end portion of the spring steel material 22 is measured, and when the measured surface temperature reaches the set temperature, the process of heating the end portion of the spring steel material 22 is stopped.
- the technology disclosed in the present specification is not limited to such an example.
- heat treatment may be performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. In the heat treatment method shown in FIG. 4 as well, the processing from S10 to S24 in FIG. 3 is performed in the same manner as in the embodiment already described.
- the temperature of the end of the spring steel material 22 is measured (S34).
- a non-contact type such as a radiation thermometer or a thermograph can be used.
- the heating time for heating the end of the spring steel material 22 is determined based on the measured temperature (S36). That is, the set time in step S42 is determined so that the end of the spring steel material 22 has a desired set temperature. Specifically, if the temperature measured in step S34 is low, the set time (heating time) is set long, and if the temperature measured in step S34 is high, the set time (heating time) is set short. Note that the set time in step S42 includes the mass of the end of the spring steel material 22 (the mass of the heated portion), the target heating temperature of the end of the spring steel material 22 (the set temperature of S30 in FIG. 3), and the heating of the heat treatment equipment Can be determined based on ability.
- step S40 heating of the end of the spring steel material 22 is started (S38), and at the same time, time measurement is started (S40). Then, it is determined whether or not the measurement start time in step S40 has reached the set time determined in step S36 (S42). If the measurement time is not the set time (NO in S42), the process waits until the measurement time reaches the set time. When the measurement time reaches the set time (YES in S42), the process proceeds to step S44, and the heating process for the end of the spring steel material 22 is terminated (S44).
- the heat processing equipment which heats the edge part of the spring steel material 22 can be comprised simply.
- the freedom degree of the method of heating the edge part of the spring steel material 22 can be raised.
- the surface temperature of the spring steel material 22 is measured, and the timing for ending the end heating of the spring steel material 22 is determined based on the measured surface temperature and the determined heating time. Also good. For example, even when the heating time is the set time, when the measured surface temperature is not the target temperature, the end heating of the spring steel material 22 may be continued.
- step S36 determines the heating time in step S36 in consideration of the temperature drop during that time. Thereby, the edge part of the spring steel material 22 can be heated appropriately.
- the suspension coil spring is manufactured.
- the technology according to the present application can also be applied to manufacturing a spring other than the suspension coil spring.
- it can also be used for the production of stabilizers, torsion bars, leaf springs, tension springs, spiral springs, rings, general coil springs, torsion springs, wirework springs and the like.
- the material of the spring material is not limited to the spring steel material, and any material may be used as long as it is a metal material used as a spring.
- the contact between the spring material and the electrode is not limited to the configuration in which the spring material is clamped with the electrode, and any contact may be used as long as a current can flow between the spring material and the electrode. Also good.
- each of the above-described embodiments is an example related to a heat treatment (annealing treatment) that removes processing distortion caused by forming a spring steel material into a spring shape in a cold or warm state, but disclosed in the present specification.
- the technology is not limited to such an example.
- the processing method disclosed in the present specification can also be applied to a heat treatment step (tempering treatment) performed after hot forming a spring material into a spring shape after quenching.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be applied to a heat treatment performed before setting the spring material.
- setting hot setting
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification is applied to a heat treatment (annealing treatment) that removes processing strain caused by forming the spring material into a spring shape cold or warm, and thereafter Hot setting may be performed in the cooling process.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be applied to the heat treatment before hot setting. According to such a configuration, preheating before hot setting can be suitably performed for the entire spring material in a short time.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be applied to a heat treatment performed before warm shot peening is performed on the surface of the spring material.
- warm shot peening is performed on the spring material including the terminal that is heated as a whole, compressive residual stress can be applied to a deep position of the entire spring material (including the end).
- mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance can be improved.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification is applied to a heat treatment (annealing treatment) that removes processing strain caused by forming the spring material into a spring shape cold or warm, and thereafter Warm shot peening may be performed during the cooling process.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be applied to the heat treatment before warm shot peening. According to such a configuration, preheating before warm shot peening can be suitably performed for the entire spring material in a short time.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in the present specification may be applied to heat treatment (low-temperature annealing) for releasing the strain applied to the surface of the spring material by cold shot peening. According to such a configuration, the strain applied to the spring material by cold shot peening can be preferably released.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be applied to preheating before coating the surface of the spring material. According to such a configuration, since the coating is performed on the surface of the spring material that is heated as a whole, it is possible to suitably perform the coating on the entire surface of the spring material.
- the heat treatment technique disclosed in this specification may be used as part of the heat treatment of the spring material.
- the heat treatment disclosed in this specification as pre-treatment heating Technology may be used. Since the pretreatment heating can be appropriately performed, the spring material can be appropriately heat-treated. In such a case, any heat treatment may be performed as the second-stage heat treatment. For example, energization heating may be performed as the second stage heat treatment.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- ばねを製造する方法であって、
ばね材の第1位置に第1電極を接触させると共に、その第1位置からばね材の軸方向に離間した第2位置に第2電極を接触させる第1工程と、
第1工程後に、第1電極及び第2電極を介してばね材に電流を流すことでばね材を加熱する第2工程と、
第2工程後に、ばね材と第1電極及び第2電極とを非接触の状態とする第3工程と、
第3工程後に、ばね材のうち少なくとも第1電極及び第2電極に接触していた部位を、第2工程とは異なる加熱方法によって加熱する第4工程と、を有している、ばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程では、ばね材のうち第1電極及び第2電極に接触していた部位と、第1電極と接触していた部位より反第2電極側の部位と、第2電極に接触していた部位より反第1電極側の部位とを少なくとも加熱する、請求項1に記載のばねの製造方法。
- 第4工程では、ばね材の加熱する部位を400~600℃に加熱する、請求項1又は2に記載のばねの製造方法。
- 第3工程と第4工程の間に、ばね材のうち電極に接触していた部位又はその近傍の表面温度を測定する温度測定工程をさらに有しており、
第4工程では、温度測定工程で測定された表面温度に基づいて加熱時間が調整される、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程では、ばね材のうち電極に接触していた部位又はその近傍の表面温度を測定し、その測定した表面温度が所定の温度に到達したときに加熱を終了する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。
- 第1工程前に、ばね材をばね形状に成形する成形工程をさらに有しており、
第1~第4工程は、成形工程によってばね材に生じる加工歪みを除去する熱処理である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程後に、ばね材のセッチングを行うセッチング工程をさらに有しており、
第4工程とセッチング工程の間には、ばね材を加熱する加熱工程が行われず、
セッチング工程は、第2工程と第4工程による加熱から冷却する過程で行われるホットセッチングである、請求項6に記載のばねの製造方法。 - セッチング工程後に、ばね材の表面にショットピーニングを行うショットピーニング工程をさらに有しており、
セッチング工程とショットピーニング工程の間には、ばね材を加熱する加熱工程が行われず、
ショットピーニング工程は、第2工程と第4工程による加熱から冷却する過程で行われる温間ショットピーニングである、請求項7に記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程後に、ばね材のホットセッチングを行うホットセッチング工程をさらに有しており、
第1~第4工程は、ホットセッチングのための熱処理である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程後に、ばね材の表面に温間ショットピーニングを行うショットピーニング工程をさらに有しており、
第1~第4工程は、温間ショットピーニングのための熱処理である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第1工程前に、ばね材の表面にショットピーニングを行うショットピーニング工程をさらに有しており、
第1~第4工程は、ショットピーニング工程による歪みを開放するための熱処理である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - 第4工程後に、ばね材の表面に塗装を行う塗装工程をさらに有しており、
第1~第4工程は、塗装のための予備加熱のための熱処理である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のばねの製造方法。 - ばねの両端部又は両端部の近傍の表面には過加熱痕が形成されており、
その過加熱痕が形成された部分の組織が焼戻しマルテンサイト化されている、ばね。
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JP2019124363A (ja) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-25 | 日本発條株式会社 | コイルスプリングの製造方法 |
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