WO2011114451A1 - 車両の制御装置 - Google Patents
車両の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011114451A1 WO2011114451A1 PCT/JP2010/054532 JP2010054532W WO2011114451A1 WO 2011114451 A1 WO2011114451 A1 WO 2011114451A1 JP 2010054532 W JP2010054532 W JP 2010054532W WO 2011114451 A1 WO2011114451 A1 WO 2011114451A1
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- amount
- ehc
- temperature
- carbon
- insulation resistance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/22—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1628—Moisture amount in exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vehicle control device including an electrically heated catalyst on an exhaust passage.
- Patent Document 1 describes an EHC in which an annular mat member that is an electric insulating material and has a buffering property is interposed between an outer peripheral surface of a catalyst carrier and an inner peripheral surface of a metal shell.
- Patent Document 2 describes a technique for estimating the temperature of a seal mat that holds a catalyst.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the possibility of leakage in the EHC is estimated based on the current and voltage of the EHC, and the power supply to the EHC is limited when there is a possibility of leakage.
- the component supporting the catalyst in the EHC is appropriately called “EHC carrier”, and the component holding the EHC carrier is appropriately called “holding mat”.
- the holding mat for holding the EHC carrier has an insulating property, but the insulating property of the holding mat is considered to change depending on the state of the holding mat. Specifically, it is considered that the insulation resistance of the holding mat changes. Therefore, it can be said that it is desirable to control the energization of the EHC by determining the insulation performance in the EHC in consideration of the state of the holding mat. Note that the above-described Patent Documents 1 to 3 do not describe performing control in consideration of the state of the holding mat in the EHC.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a vehicle control device capable of appropriately controlling the energization of the EHC based on the state of the holding mat in the EHC. For the purpose.
- a vehicle control device includes an internal combustion engine, a catalyst carrier, and a carrier holding part that has electrical insulation and holds the catalyst carrier.
- An electrically-heated catalyst capable of being operated, and an insulation resistance determination means for determining whether or not an insulation resistance of the carrier holding portion is reduced to a predetermined value or less, and the insulation resistance determination means Energization prohibiting means for prohibiting energization of the electrically heated catalyst when it is determined that the insulation resistance has fallen below the predetermined value.
- the above-described vehicle control device is preferably applied to a vehicle having an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) configured to purify the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine and to be warmed up by energization.
- the electrically heated catalyst includes a catalyst carrier that supports the catalyst, and a carrier holding portion that has electrical insulation and holds the catalyst carrier.
- the catalyst carrier corresponds to an EHC carrier, and the carrier holding portion corresponds to a holding mat.
- the insulation resistance determination means determines whether or not the insulation resistance of the carrier holding portion is reduced to a predetermined value or less using a predetermined condition. Specifically, the insulation resistance determination means determines whether or not the insulation property of the electrically heated catalyst is ensured based on the insulation resistance of the carrier holding part.
- the energization prohibiting unit prohibits the energization of the electrically heated catalyst when the insulation resistance determining unit determines that the insulation resistance is lower than a predetermined value. Specifically, the energization prohibiting means determines that the insulation resistance has decreased to a predetermined value or less even when an energization request for the electrically heated catalyst for catalyst warm-up is issued. Since it can be said that the insulating property of the carrier holding part is not secured, execution of catalyst warm-up by energization is prohibited. According to the above-described vehicle control device, it is possible to appropriately inhibit energization of the electrically heated catalyst in consideration of the state of the carrier holding portion. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately prevent electric leakage of the electrically heated catalyst.
- the insulation resistance determination means determines that the insulation resistance has decreased below the predetermined value when the temperature of the carrier holding part is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
- the predetermined temperature used for determining the temperature of the carrier holding part is set to a temperature corresponding to a predetermined value used for the insulation resistance. According to the above aspect, energization can be prohibited when the temperature of the carrier holding part is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, and it is possible to appropriately prevent electric leakage of the electrically heated catalyst.
- temperature estimation means for estimating the temperature of the carrier holding part based on heat transfer of the catalyst carrier, the carrier holding part, and the case covering the catalyst carrier and the carrier holding part.
- the insulation resistance determination means performs the determination using the temperature estimated by the temperature estimation means.
- the temperature estimation means estimates the temperature of the carrier holding unit in consideration of the temperature difference between the components in the electrically heated catalyst and the time delay of heat transfer in each component in the electrically heated catalyst. To do. Thereby, the temperature of a support
- the insulation resistance determination means reduces the insulation resistance below the predetermined value when the amount of water absorbed by the carrier holding part is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount. It is determined that
- the predetermined amount used for determining the moisture amount is set to a moisture amount corresponding to a predetermined value used for the insulation resistance. According to said aspect, when the water
- the amount of condensed water generated in the exhaust passage, the amount of condensed water generated in the exhaust passage reaching the electric heating catalyst, and the carrier holding part absorb water.
- the insulation resistance determining means further comprising: a moisture amount estimating means for estimating the moisture amount absorbed by the carrier holding portion based on an evaporation coefficient indicating a ratio of the moisture amount evaporated by exhaust heat among the moisture amount being Performs the determination using the moisture amount estimated by the moisture amount estimation means.
- the moisture amount estimation means repeatedly estimates the moisture amount, stores the previously estimated moisture amount, and stores the moisture amount using the previously estimated moisture amount. If the previously estimated moisture amount stored is erased, the maximum moisture amount absorbed by the carrier holding unit is set to the previously estimated moisture amount, and the estimation is performed. Do.
- the carrier holding portion it is possible to reliably prevent an erroneous determination on the insulation resistance of the carrier holding portion when the previously estimated amount of water stored is erased. For example, it is possible to prevent an erroneous determination that the amount of water absorbed by the carrier holding portion is less than the predetermined amount even though the amount of water actually absorbed by the carrier holding portion is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount. . Therefore, it is possible to appropriately prevent electric leakage of the electrically heated catalyst.
- the energization prohibiting means prohibits the energization of the electrically heated catalyst
- the control of operating the internal combustion engine is performed, and the carrier holding portion absorbs water.
- the apparatus further includes means for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine so that the water evaporates.
- the internal combustion engine when energization of the electrically heated catalyst is prohibited, the internal combustion engine is controlled so as to warm up the catalyst, and at the same time, the water absorbed by the carrier holding part is evaporated. Continue driving. For example, even after the catalyst is warmed up by the operation of the internal combustion engine, the operation of the internal combustion engine is continued until the water absorbed by the carrier holding portion evaporates.
- the probability that the amount of water absorbed by the carrier holding portion is less than a predetermined amount is high, and thus the electrically heated catalyst is easily energized. Therefore, the start-up frequency of the internal combustion engine can be reduced, the deterioration of drivability can be suppressed, and the fuel consumption can be improved.
- the insulation resistance determination means may reduce the insulation resistance to the predetermined value or less when the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is a predetermined amount or more. It is determined that
- the predetermined amount used for determining the carbon amount is set to a carbon amount corresponding to a predetermined value used for the insulation resistance. According to the above aspect, energization can be prohibited when the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is a predetermined amount or more, and it is possible to appropriately prevent electric leakage of the electrically heated catalyst.
- the amount of carbon generated in the exhaust passage, the amount of carbon reaching the electrically heated catalyst among the carbon generated in the exhaust passage, and the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion A carbon amount estimating means for estimating the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion based on a burning coefficient indicating a ratio of the amount of carbon to be burned out, and the insulation resistance judging means is configured to estimate the carbon amount. The determination is performed using the carbon amount estimated by the means.
- the carbon amount estimation means repeatedly estimates the carbon amount, stores the previously estimated carbon amount, and uses the stored previously estimated carbon amount to store the carbon amount.
- the carbon amount estimation means repeatedly estimates the carbon amount, stores the previously estimated carbon amount, and uses the stored previously estimated carbon amount to store the carbon amount.
- the maximum carbon amount deposited on the carrier holding portion is set to the previously estimated carbon amount, and the estimation is performed. Do.
- erroneous determination on the insulation resistance of the carrier holding portion can be reliably prevented. For example, it is possible to prevent an erroneous determination that the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is less than the predetermined amount even though the amount of carbon actually deposited on the carrier holding portion is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount. . Therefore, it is possible to appropriately prevent electric leakage of the electrically heated catalyst.
- the energization prohibiting means prohibits energization of the electrically heated catalyst
- control is performed so that the internal combustion engine is operated, and the accumulation is deposited on the carrier holding portion.
- the apparatus further includes means for controlling the operation of the internal combustion engine so that the carbon is burned out.
- the internal combustion engine when energization of the electrically heated catalyst is prohibited, the internal combustion engine is controlled so that the internal combustion engine is operated to warm up the catalyst, and the carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is burned out. Continue driving. For example, even after the catalyst is warmed up by the operation of the internal combustion engine, the operation of the internal combustion engine is continued until the carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is burned out.
- the energization request for the electric heating catalyst is requested from the next time, the probability that the amount of carbon deposited on the carrier holding portion is less than the predetermined amount is high, and thus the electric heating catalyst is easily energized. Therefore, the start-up frequency of the internal combustion engine can be reduced, the deterioration of drivability can be suppressed, and the fuel consumption can be improved.
- the schematic block diagram of a hybrid vehicle is shown.
- the schematic block diagram of an engine is shown.
- the schematic block diagram of EHC is shown.
- An example of the relationship between the holding mat temperature and the insulation resistance of the holding mat is shown.
- An example of the temperature profile of EHC bed temperature and holding mat temperature is shown.
- maintenance mat temperature is shown.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a hybrid vehicle 100 in the present embodiment. Note that broken line arrows in FIG. 1 indicate signal input / output.
- Hybrid vehicle 100 mainly includes engine (internal combustion engine) 1, axle 20, drive wheels 30, first motor generator MG 1, second motor generator MG 2, power split mechanism 40, and inverter 50.
- the battery 60 and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 70 are provided.
- the axle 20 is a part of a power transmission system that transmits the power of the engine 1 and the second motor generator MG2 to the wheels 30.
- the wheels 30 are wheels of the hybrid vehicle 100, and only the left and right front wheels are particularly shown in FIG.
- the engine 1 is composed of a gasoline engine, for example, and functions as a power source that outputs the main propulsive force of the hybrid vehicle 100.
- Various controls are performed on the engine 1 by the ECU 70.
- the first motor generator MG1 is configured to function mainly as a power generator for charging the battery 60 or a power generator for supplying power to the second motor generator MG2. Generate electricity.
- the second motor generator MG2 is mainly configured to function as an electric motor that assists (assists) the output of the engine 1.
- These motor generators MG1 and MG2 are configured as, for example, synchronous motor generators, and include a rotor having a plurality of permanent magnets on the outer peripheral surface and a stator wound with a three-phase coil that forms a rotating magnetic field.
- Power split device 40 corresponds to a planetary gear (planetary gear mechanism) configured to include a sun gear, a ring gear, and the like, and is configured to be able to distribute the output of engine 1 to first motor generator MG1 and axle 20. ing.
- planetary gear planetary gear mechanism
- Inverter 50 controls the input / output of electric power between battery 60 and first motor generator MG1, and also controls the input / output of electric power between battery 60 and second motor generator MG2. It is. For example, the inverter 50 converts the AC power generated by the first motor generator MG1 into DC power and supplies it to the battery 60, or converts the DC power extracted from the battery 60 into AC power and converts it to the second motor. Or supplied to the generator MG2.
- the battery 60 is configured to be capable of functioning as a power source for driving the first motor generator MG1 and / or the second motor generator MG2, and the first motor generator MG1 and / or the second motor. It is a storage battery configured to be able to charge power generated by the generator MG2.
- the battery 60 is provided with an SOC sensor 204 configured to be able to detect the state of charge (SOC) of the battery 60.
- SOC state of charge
- first motor generator MG1 and the second motor generator MG2 are simply referred to as “motor generator MG”.
- the ECU 70 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like (not shown), and performs various controls on each component in the hybrid vehicle 100. For example, the ECU 70 performs control based on the accelerator opening detected by the accelerator opening sensor 201, the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 202, the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 203, and the like. Although details will be described later, the ECU 70 corresponds to an example of an insulation resistance determination unit or an energization prohibition unit.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the engine 1.
- the engine 1 mainly includes an intake passage 3, a throttle valve 4, a fuel injection valve 5, a cylinder 6a, an intake valve 7, an exhaust valve 8, a spark plug 9, an exhaust passage 12, and an EHC (electricity). Heating catalyst) 13.
- FIG. 2 only one cylinder 6a is shown for convenience of explanation, but the engine 1 actually has a plurality of cylinders 6a.
- the intake air (air) introduced from the outside passes through the intake passage 3, and the throttle valve 4 adjusts the flow rate of the gas passing through the intake passage 3.
- the intake air that has passed through the intake passage 3 is supplied to the combustion chamber 6b.
- the fuel injected by the fuel injection valve 5 is supplied to the combustion chamber 6b.
- An intake valve 7 and an exhaust valve 8 are provided in the combustion chamber 6b.
- the intake valve 7 controls conduction / interruption between the intake passage 3 and the combustion chamber 6b by opening and closing.
- the exhaust valve 8 controls opening / closing of the combustion chamber 6b and the exhaust passage 12 by opening and closing.
- the air-fuel mixture of the intake air and fuel supplied as described above is burned by being ignited by the spark plug 9.
- the ignition plug 9 has its ignition timing controlled by the ECU 70.
- the piston 6c reciprocates, the reciprocating motion is transmitted to the crankshaft (not shown) via the connecting rod 6d, and the crankshaft rotates.
- Exhaust gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 6 b is exhausted from the exhaust passage 12.
- an EHC 13 that can purify the exhaust gas and can be warmed up by energization. Details of the EHC 13 will be described later.
- a catalyst (such as a three-way catalyst) may be separately provided on the exhaust passage 12 on the downstream side of the EHC 13.
- the engine 1 is provided with various sensors.
- the air flow meter 205 is provided in the intake passage 3 and detects the amount of intake air.
- the water temperature sensor 206 is provided on a passage through which cooling water for cooling the engine 1 flows, and detects the temperature of the cooling water (hereinafter referred to as “engine water temperature”).
- the air-fuel ratio sensor 207 is provided in the exhaust passage 12 and detects the air-fuel ratio (A / F) of the exhaust gas.
- the bed temperature sensor 208 detects the temperature of the EHC 13, specifically, the bed temperature of the catalyst in the EHC 13 (hereinafter referred to as “EHC bed temperature”).
- the bed temperature sensor 208 is attached to, for example, an EHC carrier (not shown) in the EHC 13.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic configuration diagram of the EHC 13.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) show a cross-sectional view of the EHC 13 along the extending direction of the exhaust passage 12, and FIG. 3B shows a cross-section of the EHC 13 along the cutting line X1-X2 in FIG. The figure is shown.
- the EHC 13 includes an EHC carrier 13a, a holding mat 13b, a case 13c, a positive electrode 13d, a negative electrode 13e, insulators 13f and 13g, Have
- the EHC carrier 13a has a honeycomb cross section and carries a catalyst.
- the EHC carrier 13a is made of SiC (silicon carbide) or the like. Further, the EHC carrier 13a has conductivity.
- the EHC carrier 13a corresponds to an example of a catalyst carrier.
- the holding mat 13b is installed so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the EHC carrier 13a and is installed so as to cover the inner peripheral surface of the case 13c, and holds the EHC carrier 13a.
- the holding mat 13b is configured by, for example, a metal oxide such as alumina being knitted into a fiber shape, and has electrical insulation. Further, the holding mat 13b has a heat insulating property.
- the holding mat 13b corresponds to an example of a carrier holding part.
- the case 13c is a case of the EHC 13 made of, for example, a metal material such as SUS, and is connected to the exhaust passage 12 via a connecting member (not shown) at each of the upstream and downstream ends thereof.
- the positive electrode 13d is an electrode for applying a positive voltage whose end is fixed to the outer periphery of the EHC carrier 13a
- the negative electrode 13e is an electrode for applying a negative voltage whose end is fixed to the outer periphery of the EHC carrier 13a. Electrode. Further, the positive electrode 13d and the negative electrode 13e are respectively covered with insulators 13f and 13g made of an insulating material such as alumina, and are maintained in an electrically insulated state.
- the EHC 13 having such a configuration, when a positive drive voltage is applied to the positive electrode 13d with reference to the potential of the negative electrode 13e, a current flows through the conductive EHC carrier 13a and the EHC carrier 13a generates heat. Due to this heat generation, the temperature of the catalyst supported on the EHC carrier 13a is increased, and the EHC 13 quickly shifts to the catalyst active state.
- a configuration of the EHC 13 is merely an example, and for example, a configuration of the EHC carrier, an attachment mode of each electrode, a control mode, and the like can take various known modes.
- the ECU 70 described above performs control for warming up the EHC 13, that is, catalyst warm-up control. Specifically, the ECU 70 performs control to heat the catalyst by energizing the EHC 13 or control to heat the catalyst by the exhaust gas of the engine 1.
- control for heating the catalyst by energizing the EHC 13 is referred to as “catalyst warm-up by energization”
- control for heating the catalyst by the exhaust gas of the engine 1 is referred to as “catalyst warm-up by the engine 1”.
- the ECU 70 is energized when the EHC bed temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature in order to maintain the EHC bed temperature at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the catalyst in the EHC 13 exhibits the optimum exhaust purification performance (that is, the activation temperature).
- the catalyst is warmed up by the engine 1 or the engine 1 is warmed up.
- the predetermined temperature used for the determination of the EHC bed temperature is appropriately referred to as “catalyst warm-up determination temperature”.
- the catalyst warm-up determination temperature is set based on the activation temperature of the catalyst in the EHC 13.
- EHC energization request when the EHC floor temperature is equal to or lower than the catalyst warm-up determination temperature, the ECU 70 issues an energization request for the EHC 13 for the purpose of catalyst warm-up (hereinafter referred to as “EHC energization request”).
- the ECU 70 executes control for causing the hybrid vehicle 100 to travel using the output of the engine 1, for example.
- the ECU 70 executes control for causing the hybrid vehicle 100 to travel by EV using the output of the motor generator MG, for example.
- the ECU 70 controls the engine 1 to retard the ignition timing so as to increase the exhaust gas temperature while performing an operation equivalent to an idle operation, for example.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the EHC 13 is energized by determining whether or not the insulation property of the EHC 13 is secured based on the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b in the EHC 13, that is, Decide whether to warm up the catalyst by energization. Specifically, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has decreased to a predetermined value or less by using a predetermined condition, and when the insulation resistance has decreased to a predetermined value or less. Prohibits energization of the EHC 13.
- the ECU 70 ensures the insulating property of the holding mat 13b if the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced below a predetermined value. Therefore, it is prohibited to perform catalyst warm-up by energization.
- the state in which the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value or less is a state in which it is determined that leakage occurs as an actual phenomenon when the EHC 13 is energized, or a state in which it is estimated or predicted to occur. Or, it means a state from a kind of preventive standpoint that can be judged not to be low enough to be overlooked in practice.
- the “predetermined value” for determining the insulation resistance is set based on such a viewpoint. Specifically, the predetermined value is set to a value of an insulation resistance such that the insulation property of the holding mat 13b cannot be secured if the predetermined value is lowered below this value.
- the predetermined value is appropriately referred to as “insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value”.
- the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is not directly monitored, but based on a parameter corresponding to the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b, that is, a parameter that affects the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b. Based on the above, the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is estimated. This is because, for example, when a sensor that directly detects the insulation resistance is used, depending on the power supply system that drives the sensor, the insulation resistance cannot always be monitored because the system is turned off. Because there is sex. Therefore, in this embodiment, the insulation resistance is estimated based on the parameter that affects the insulation resistance in order to appropriately pre-detect the leakage of the EHC 13 and the like.
- prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 is determined by estimating the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b based on the temperature of the holding mat 13b (hereinafter referred to as “holding mat temperature” as appropriate). This is because the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b tends to change according to the holding mat temperature.
- the ECU 70 determines that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has decreased to a predetermined value or less, and energizes the EHC 13. Ban. In this case, the ECU 70 does not perform catalyst warm-up by energization even when an EHC energization request is issued.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the relationship between the holding mat temperature and the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b.
- the horizontal axis represents the holding mat temperature
- the vertical axis represents the insulation resistance (corresponding to the volume resistivity).
- the “insulation resistance” is a numerical value representing the insulation between electric circuits and between the electric circuit and the ground in an electric circuit through which electricity flows. If the numerical value of the insulation resistance is low, electric leakage is likely to occur.
- the holding mat 13b tends to decrease the insulation resistance when the temperature rises due to physical properties such as alumina constituting the holding mat 13b. For this reason, in a situation where the exhaust gas is at a high temperature during high speed operation or high load operation, the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b tends to decrease due to the holding mat temperature becoming high.
- the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value is indicated by reference numeral A1.
- the holding mat temperature T11 when the holding mat temperature becomes equal to or higher than the temperature T11, the insulation resistance becomes equal to or lower than the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value A1. That is, it can be said that when the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than the temperature T11, the insulating property of the holding mat 13b cannot be guaranteed.
- the holding mat temperature T11 corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value A1 is appropriately referred to as “insulation guaranteed temperature”.
- the guaranteed insulation temperature is set to a temperature higher than the catalyst warm-up determination temperature.
- the catalyst warm-up determination temperature is set to about 350 [° C.]
- the insulation guarantee temperature is set to about 500 [° C.].
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the temperature profile of the EHC floor temperature and the holding mat temperature.
- FIG. 5 shows time on the horizontal axis and temperature on the vertical axis.
- Graph A21 shows the time change of the EHC floor temperature
- graph A22 shows the time change of the holding mat temperature.
- both the EHC floor temperature and the holding mat temperature are greatly reduced.
- deceleration F / C fuel cut
- the temperature T12 indicates the catalyst warm-up determination temperature
- the temperature T11 indicates the guaranteed insulation temperature.
- the EHC floor temperature is equal to or lower than the catalyst warm-up determination temperature T12 and the holding mat temperature is higher than the guaranteed insulation temperature T11.
- the holding mat temperature is higher than the insulation guarantee temperature T11, the insulation property of the EHC 13 From this point of view, it can be said that it should not be energized.
- the ECU 70 determines that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has decreased to a predetermined value or lower, that is, the insulation resistance lower limit. It is determined that the value has fallen below the guaranteed value, and energization of the EHC 13 is prohibited.
- the EHC warm-up determination determines whether or not the EHC 13 is to be warmed up, and in order to determine whether the catalyst warm-up due to energization or the catalyst warm-up by the engine 1 is executed when the EHC 13 is warmed up. Performed (the same shall apply hereinafter).
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the EHC warm-up determination process in the first embodiment. This process is repeatedly executed by the ECU 70 at a predetermined cycle.
- step S101 the ECU 70 determines the energization request of the EHC 13 (hereinafter referred to as “EHC energization request determination”), and proceeds to step S102.
- EHC energization request determination the energization request of the EHC 13
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the EHC energization request determination process.
- the EHC energization request determination process is performed to determine an energization request of the EHC 13 for the purpose of warming up the catalyst. This process is also executed by the ECU 70.
- step S201 the ECU 70 acquires the engine water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 206, and determines whether or not the engine water temperature is within a predetermined temperature range.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the engine state is capable of performing EHC energization. If the engine water temperature is within the predetermined temperature range (step S201; Yes), the process proceeds to step S202. On the other hand, when the engine water temperature is not within the predetermined temperature range (step S201; No), it can be said that the engine state is not capable of performing EHC energization, and thus the process ends. In this case, the ECU 70 does not issue an EHC energization request.
- step S201 is not limited based on the engine water temperature, and the determination may be performed using the outside air temperature instead of the engine water temperature, or using both the engine water temperature and the outside air temperature. A determination may be made.
- step S202 the ECU 70 acquires the EHC floor temperature detected by the bed temperature sensor 208, and determines whether or not the EHC floor temperature is equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the EHC 13 is in an inactive state. Specifically, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the EHC bed temperature is equal to or lower than the catalyst warm-up determination temperature using the catalyst warm-up determination temperature as the predetermined temperature. If the EHC bed temperature is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (step S202; Yes), the process proceeds to step S203 because the EHC 13 is in an inactive state.
- step S202 when the EHC floor temperature is not equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature (step S202; No), the process ends because the EHC 13 is in the active state. In this case, the ECU 70 does not issue an EHC energization request.
- step S202 is not limited based on the EHC floor temperature detected by the bed temperature sensor 208, and instead of the EHC floor temperature detected by the bed temperature sensor 208, the EHC estimated based on the exhaust gas temperature or the like.
- the determination in step S202 may be performed based on the bed temperature. That is, the measured value is not limited to the EHC bed temperature, and an estimated value may be used as the EHC bed temperature.
- step S203 the ECU 70 acquires the SOC of the battery 60 detected by the SOC sensor 204, and determines whether or not the SOC is a predetermined amount or more.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the amount of power necessary for EHC energization remains in the battery 60. If the SOC is equal to or greater than the predetermined amount (step S203; Yes), the process proceeds to step S204. In this case, since the amount of power necessary for EHC energization remains, the ECU 70 issues an EHC energization request (step S204). Then, the process ends.
- step S203 when the SOC is not equal to or greater than the predetermined amount (step S203; No), the process ends because the amount of power necessary for EHC energization does not remain. In this case, the ECU 70 does not issue an EHC energization request.
- step S102 the ECU 70 determines whether there is an EHC energization request. If there is an EHC energization request (step S102; Yes), the process proceeds to step S103. If there is no EHC energization request (step S102; No), the process ends.
- step S103 the ECU 70 determines whether or not the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature.
- the ECU 70 determines, based on the holding mat temperature, whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is in a state where the insulation resistance lowers below the guaranteed lower limit of insulation resistance. That is, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulating property of the holding mat 13b is not ensured based on the holding mat temperature.
- the ECU 70 performs the determination in step S103 using the value (actually measured value) detected by the sensor as the holding mat temperature.
- the ECU 70 uses a temperature detected by a sensor attached to the holding mat 13b, for example.
- the ECU 70 performs the determination in step S103 using a value (estimated value) estimated based on a predetermined parameter as the holding mat temperature. The method for estimating the holding mat temperature will be described later in detail.
- the predetermined temperature used in step S103 is set based on the relationship between the holding mat temperature and the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b (see, for example, FIG. 4). More specifically, the relationship between the holding mat temperature and the insulation resistance is obtained in advance through experiments or the like, and an insulation guaranteed temperature corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value is obtained, whereby a predetermined temperature is set based on the insulation guaranteed temperature.
- the predetermined temperature is set to an insulation guarantee temperature or set to a temperature somewhat lower than the insulation guarantee temperature.
- step S104 the ECU 70 prohibits energization of the EHC 13.
- step S105 the ECU 70 executes catalyst warm-up by the engine 1.
- the ECU 70 executes control for operating the engine 1 by retarding the ignition timing. Then, the process ends.
- step S106 the ECU 70 permits energization of the EHC 13. Then, the process proceeds to step S107, and the ECU 70 performs catalyst warm-up by energization of the EHC 13. Thereafter, the process ends.
- the EHC warm-up determination process described above energization of the EHC 13 can be prohibited when the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature, and the leakage of the EHC 13 can be appropriately prevented. Further, when the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature as described above, the catalyst 1 can be appropriately warmed up by the engine 1, and the EHC 13 can be warmed up. That is, it is possible to appropriately warm up the EHC 13 while appropriately preventing the leakage of the EHC 13.
- the ECU 70 functions as temperature estimation means, and estimates the holding mat temperature in consideration of the heat transfer of each of the EHC carrier 13a, the holding mat 13b, and the case 13c. Specifically, the ECU 70 estimates the holding mat temperature in consideration of the temperature difference of each component in the EHC 13 and the time delay of heat transfer in each component in the EHC 13. The holding mat temperature estimated in this way is used in the determination in step S103 described above (see FIG. 6).
- FIG. 8 schematically shows heat transfer inside the EHC 13 by showing the temperature in the horizontal direction and the EHC carrier 13a, the holding mat 13b, and the case 13c in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 8A shows the temperature profiles of the EHC carrier 13a, the holding mat 13b, and the case 13c during steady operation by a graph B11.
- the EHC carrier 13a receives heat from the exhaust gas
- the holding mat 13b receives heat from the EHC carrier 13a and radiates heat to the case 13c. Therefore, a temperature difference (EHC floor temperature> holding mat temperature) occurs between the EHC floor temperature and the holding mat temperature.
- FIG. 8B shows a temperature profile of the EHC carrier 13a, the holding mat 13b, and the case 13c at the time of rapid acceleration or the like by a graph B12.
- the temperature profile B11 during steady operation is shown superimposed.
- the EHC carrier 13a receives heat from the exhaust gas
- the holding mat 13b receives heat from the EHC carrier 13a and dissipates heat to the case 13c.
- the exhaust gas is at a higher temperature than during steady operation, the EHC carrier 13a is greatly heated by the exhaust gas. Therefore, the time delay of the heat transfer between the EHC carrier 13a and the holding mat 13b becomes larger.
- FIG. 8C shows a temperature profile of the EHC carrier 13a, the holding mat 13b, and the case 13c at the time of deceleration F / C or the like by a graph B13.
- the temperature profile B11 during steady operation is shown superimposed.
- the EHC carrier 13a is cooled by the air flow. Therefore, the holding mat 13b radiates heat to both the EHC carrier 13a and the case 13c. As a result, a state in which the holding mat temperature is higher than the EHC floor temperature may occur.
- the ECU 70 estimates the holding mat temperature in consideration of the temperature difference between the components in the EHC 13 and the time delay of the heat transfer in each component in the EHC 13. Specifically, the ECU 70 uses the temperature obtained by giving such a time delay to the EHC floor temperature as the holding mat temperature. Specifically, the ECU 70 expresses the time delay of the holding mat temperature change with respect to the EHC floor temperature change by an “annealing coefficient”, and calculates the holding mat temperature by multiplying the annealing coefficient by the EHC floor temperature.
- the annealing coefficient is set in advance by performing experiments, simulations, predetermined arithmetic expressions, or the like.
- a map in which the smoothing coefficient is associated with parameters such as the driving state of the engine 1, the driving state of the vehicle, and the external state is created in advance, and the ECU 70 refers to the map. Find the smoothing coefficient.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a holding mat temperature estimation process in the first embodiment.
- the holding mat temperature estimation process is executed, for example, before step S103 (see FIG. 6) of the above-described EHC warm-up determination process. Further, the processing is executed by the ECU 70.
- step S301 the ECU 70 acquires the EHC bed temperature detected by the bed temperature sensor 208.
- the use of the EHC bed temperature detected by the bed temperature sensor 208 is not limited, and the EHC bed temperature estimated from the exhaust gas temperature or the like may be used.
- step S302 the ECU 70 acquires information regarding the engine 1 and the hybrid vehicle 100.
- the ECU 70 acquires the intake air amount detected by the air flow meter 205, the air-fuel ratio detected by the air-fuel ratio sensor 207, the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed sensor 202, the engine water temperature detected by the water temperature sensor 206, and the like.
- step S303 the ECU 70 acquires external information of the hybrid vehicle 100.
- the ECU 70 acquires the outside air temperature detected by the outside air temperature sensor 203.
- step S304 the process proceeds to step S304.
- step S304 the ECU 70 calculates an annealing coefficient based on the information acquired in steps S302 and S303.
- the ECU 70 refers to a map in which the smoothing coefficient is associated with information about the engine 1 and the hybrid vehicle 100, external information, and the like, and the smoothing coefficient corresponding to the information acquired in steps S302 and S303. To get.
- a map is created by conducting experiments and simulations in advance.
- it is not limited to calculating
- step S305 the ECU 70 estimates the holding mat temperature based on the EHC floor temperature acquired in step S301 and the annealing coefficient acquired in step S304. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the holding mat temperature by multiplying the EHC floor temperature by an annealing coefficient. Then, the process ends.
- the holding mat temperature can be accurately estimated. Therefore, in the above-described EHC warm-up determination process, the determination using the holding mat temperature (step S103) can be accurately performed. Specifically, based on the holding mat temperature, it can be accurately determined whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value or less.
- the amount of water absorbed by the holding mat 13b in other words, corresponds to the amount of exhaust condensed water held by the holding mat 13b, and is hereinafter referred to as “mat water absorption” as appropriate). This is different from the first embodiment in that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is estimated.
- the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 is determined based on the mat water absorption amount instead of the holding mat temperature. Specifically, in the second embodiment, the ECU 70 determines that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has decreased to a predetermined value or less when the mat water absorption amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount, and energizes the EHC 13. Ban.
- the reason for performing the control based on the mat water absorption amount as described above is as follows.
- the exhaust gas contains moisture generated by burning the fuel.
- the exhaust gas temperature or the temperature of the exhaust passage 12 exhaust pipe temperature
- water vapor in the exhaust gas is condensed and water (condensed water) is contained in the exhaust passage 12. ) Will accumulate.
- the holding mat 12b in the EHC 13 absorbs such condensed water. That is, the holding mat 12b is wetted by the condensed water in the exhaust passage 12. In this way, when the holding mat 12b absorbs condensed water, the insulation resistance of the holding mat 12b tends to decrease. Specifically, the insulation resistance decreases as the mat water absorption amount of the holding mat 12b increases. When the holding mat 12b is heated to high temperature, the condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 12b is evaporated and removed.
- the ECU 70 indicates that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value (that is, the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value) or less when the mat water absorption amount is a predetermined amount or more. It judges and energization of EHC13 is prohibited. In this case, the ECU 70 does not perform catalyst warm-up by energization even when an EHC energization request is issued.
- a predetermined value that is, the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the EHC warm-up determination process in the second embodiment. This process is repeatedly executed by the ECU 70 at a predetermined cycle.
- step S401 the ECU 70 performs EHC energization request determination. Specifically, the ECU 70 performs the EHC energization request determination similar to step S101 in FIG. That is, the ECU 70 performs the EHC energization request determination process shown in FIG. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted here. Then, the process proceeds to step S402.
- step S402 the ECU 70 determines whether or not there is an EHC energization request. If there is an EHC energization request (step S402; Yes), the process proceeds to step S403. If there is no EHC energization request (step S402; No), the process ends.
- step S403 the ECU 70 calculates the mat water absorption amount. Then, the process proceeds to step S404.
- the method for calculating the mat water absorption will be described later in detail.
- step S404 the ECU 70 determines whether or not the mat water absorption amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is lowered below the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value based on the mat water absorption amount. That is, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulating property of the holding mat 13b is not ensured based on the mat water absorption amount.
- the predetermined amount used in step S404 is set based on the relationship between the amount of water absorbed by the mat and the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b. Specifically, a predetermined amount is set based on the mat water absorption amount by obtaining a relationship between the mat water absorption amount and the insulation resistance in advance through experiments and obtaining the mat water absorption amount corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value. The For example, the predetermined amount is set to a mat water absorption amount corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value, or set to an amount somewhat smaller than the mat water absorption amount corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value.
- step S404 If the mat water absorption is equal to or greater than the predetermined amount (step S404; Yes), the process proceeds to step S405. In this case, it can be said that there is a high possibility that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has fallen below the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value. Therefore, in step S405, the ECU 70 prohibits energization of the EHC 13. Then, the process proceeds to step S406, and the ECU 70 performs a determination regarding the start request of the engine 1 (hereinafter referred to as “engine start request determination”). In the engine start request determination, a determination is made as to whether or not catalyst warm-up by the engine 1 is to be executed. Then, the process ends. Details of the engine activation request determination will be described later.
- step S404 when the mat water absorption amount is less than the predetermined amount (step S404; No), the process proceeds to step S407.
- step S407 the ECU 70 permits energization of the EHC 13.
- step S408 the ECU 70 performs catalyst warm-up by energization of the EHC 13. Thereafter, the process ends.
- energization of the EHC 13 can be prohibited when the mat water absorption amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount, and the leakage of the EHC 13 can be appropriately prevented.
- the ECU 70 functions as a moisture amount estimating means, and the amount of condensed water generated in the exhaust passage 12, the amount of condensed water reaching the EHC 13 among the condensed water generated in the exhaust passage 12, and the holding mat 13b.
- the mat water absorption amount is calculated based on the evaporation coefficient indicating the ratio of the condensed water amount evaporated by the exhaust heat in the condensed water amount absorbed by the water.
- the amount of condensed water generated in the exhaust passage 12 is referred to as “generated condensed water amount”, and the amount of condensed water that reaches the EHC 13 among the condensed water generated in the exhaust passage 12 is referred to as “EHC reaching condensed water amount”. More specifically, “the amount of condensed water reaching EHC” means the amount of condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b among the condensed water reaching the EHC 13.
- the ECU 70 repeatedly calculates the mat water absorption amount at a predetermined cycle. Specifically, the ECU 70 stores the mat water absorption amount calculated last time (hereinafter referred to as “mat water absorption amount (previous value)” as appropriate) and stores the mat water absorption amount (previous value) stored therein. Is used to calculate the mat water absorption amount (hereinafter, referred to as “mat water absorption amount (current value)” as appropriate). That is, the ECU 70 calculates the current mat water absorption amount based on the amount of condensed water remaining after absorbing water in the holding mat 13b.
- the mat water absorption amount (previous value) is stored in, for example, SRAM.
- the ECU 70 when the mat water absorption amount (previous value) is not stored, that is, when the stored mat water absorption amount (previous value) is erased, the ECU 70 performs the maximum condensation that the holding mat 13b absorbs water.
- the mat water absorption amount (current value) is calculated by setting the water amount (hereinafter referred to as “mat maximum water absorption amount”) as the mat water absorption amount (previous value).
- matrix maximum water absorption amount the mat water absorption amount (previous value).
- the ECU 70 sets the mat maximum water absorption amount to the mat water absorption. Set the amount (previous value).
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a mat water absorption amount calculation process in the second embodiment.
- the mat water absorption amount calculation process is executed in step S403 (see FIG. 10) of the above-described EHC warm-up determination process. Further, the processing is executed by the ECU 70.
- step S501 the ECU 70 determines whether or not it is immediately after the battery is cleared. That is, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the mat water absorption amount (previous value) has been deleted. If it is immediately after the battery is cleared (step S501; Yes), the process proceeds to step S502. In this case, since the mat water absorption amount (previous value) has been deleted, the ECU 70 sets the mat maximum water absorption amount to the mat water absorption amount (previous value) (step S502). For example, the ECU 70 uses the maximum mat water absorption obtained by conducting an experiment or the like in advance. Then, the process proceeds to step S506.
- step S503 the ECU 70 obtains the mat water absorption amount (previous value) stored in the SRAM or the like, and determines whether or not the current trip is continuing, in other words, whether or not soaking has been performed. Determine whether or not. If the trip is continuing (step S503; Yes), the process proceeds to step S504. In this case, the ECU 70 determines to use the stored mat water absorption amount (previous value) as it is (step S504). Then, the process proceeds to step S506.
- step S505 the ECU 70 obtains the mat water absorption after soaking, and sets the mat water absorption to the mat water absorption (previous value). Specifically, as shown in the equation (1), the ECU 70 determines the mat water absorption amount after the soak based on the function F11 defined by the pre-trip water absorption amount, the soak time, the engine water temperature change, the outside air temperature change, and the like. Ask for. Then, the process proceeds to step S506.
- Mat water absorption after soak F11 (pre-trip water absorption, soak time, engine water temperature change, outside air temperature change) Equation (1)
- “previous trip water absorption amount” is the mat water absorption amount (previous value) stored at the start of the current mat water absorption amount calculation process, that is, the mat water absorption amount stored at the end of the previous trip ( It corresponds to the previous value).
- the engine water temperature change, and the outside air temperature change in Expression (1) for example, a detection value of a sensor provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 or a value obtained based on the detection value is used.
- the function F11 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S506 the ECU 70 calculates the amount of generated condensed water. That is, the ECU 70 calculates the amount of condensed water generated when the exhaust gas is cooled by the exhaust passage 12 or the like while the engine 1 is started. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the amount of condensed water generated based on a function F12 defined by the exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gas temperature, the engine water temperature, the air-fuel ratio, and the like, as shown by the equation (2). Then, the process proceeds to step S507.
- Generated condensed water amount ⁇ ⁇ F12 (exhaust gas flow rate, exhaust gas temperature, engine water temperature, air-fuel ratio) ⁇ Equation (2)
- ⁇ means that the total amount of condensed water generated during the cycle of executing the mat water absorption amount calculation process is obtained.
- a detection value of a sensor provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 or a value obtained based on the detection value is used for example.
- the function F12 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S507 the ECU 70 calculates the EHC reaching condensed water amount based on the generated condensed water amount calculated in step S506. That is, the ECU 70 calculates the amount of condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b among the amount of generated condensed water. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the EHC reaching condensed water amount based on the function F13 defined by the amount of condensed water generated, the exhaust system design specifications, the exhaust gas flow velocity, and the like, as shown in Expression (3). Then, the process proceeds to step S508.
- EHC reaching condensate amount F13 (generated condensate amount, exhaust system design specifications, exhaust gas flow velocity) Equation (3)
- exhaust system design specifications include the inner diameter of the exhaust passage 12, the cross-sectional area of the EHC 13, the distance of the exhaust passage 12 from the exhaust manifold of the engine 1 to the EHC 13, the surface area of the exhaust passage 12, and the like. Is mentioned. For such exhaust system design specifications, values stored in advance in a memory or the like are used. Further, as the exhaust gas flow velocity in the expression (3), for example, a value obtained based on a detection value of a sensor provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 is used. The function F13 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S508 the ECU 70 calculates the evaporation coefficient from the holding mat 13b.
- the ECU 70 calculates the ratio of the amount of condensed water that evaporates due to the exhaust heat from the amount of condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b.
- the ECU 70 calculates the evaporation coefficient based on a function F14 defined by the exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gas temperature, the outside air temperature, the mat material coefficient, and the like, as shown in Expression (4). Then, the process proceeds to step S509.
- Evaporation coefficient F14 (exhaust gas flow rate, exhaust gas temperature, outside air temperature, mat material coefficient) Equation (4)
- the mat material coefficient in the equation (4) a value stored in advance in a memory or the like is used.
- the exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gas temperature, and the outside air temperature in the equation (4) for example, a detection value of a sensor provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 or a value obtained based on the detection value is used.
- the function F14 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S509 the ECU 70 calculates the mat water absorption amount (current value). Specifically, the ECU 70 sets the mat water absorption amount (previous value) set in any of steps S502, S504, and S505, the EHC reaching condensed water amount calculated in step S507, and the evaporation coefficient calculated in step S508. Based on this, the mat water absorption amount (current value) is calculated. That is, the mat water absorption amount (current value) is calculated based on the amount of condensed water remaining in the holding mat 13b, the amount of condensed water reaching the EHC 13, and the ratio of condensed water evaporating from the holding mat 13b. In this case, the ECU 70 calculates the mat water absorption amount (current value) based on the equation (5). Then, the process proceeds to step S510.
- step S510 the ECU 70 stores the mat water absorption amount (current value) calculated in step S509. Specifically, the ECU 70 updates the stored mat water absorption amount (previous value) with the currently calculated mat water absorption amount (current value). For example, the ECU 70 stores the mat water absorption amount (current value) in an SRAM or the like. Then, the process ends.
- the mat water absorption amount can be calculated with high accuracy. Therefore, in the above-described EHC warm-up determination process, the determination using the mat water absorption amount (step S404) can be accurately performed. Specifically, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value or less based on the mat water absorption amount.
- steps S505, S506, S507, and S508 the mat water absorption after soak, the amount of condensed water generated, the amount of condensed water reaching EHC, and the evaporation coefficient were obtained using functions F11, F12, F13, and F14, respectively. This is not limited. Instead of using such a function, the mat water absorption after soaking, the amount of condensed water generated, the amount of condensed water reaching EHC, and the evaporation coefficient may be obtained by referring to a preset map.
- step S404 basically, when the mat water absorption amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined amount (step S404; Yes), energization of the EHC 13 is prohibited and catalyst warm-up by the engine 1 is executed. Specifically, the ECU 70 executes control for starting the engine 1 and operating the engine 1 by retarding the ignition timing in order to activate the catalyst. Hereinafter, such operation of the engine 1 is referred to as “catalyst warm-up operation”.
- the catalyst warm-up operation if a request for outputting a driving force greater than or equal to a predetermined value is issued from the engine 1 (hereinafter referred to as a “high output drive request”), the ECU 70 Stop the catalyst warm-up operation. In this case, the ECU 70 controls the operation of the engine 1 so that the hybrid vehicle 100 travels using the output of the engine 1, for example, HV travel.
- output operation such operation of the engine 1 is referred to as “output operation”.
- engine start request determination processing (hereinafter referred to as “engine start request determination processing according to the first example” and “engine start request determination according to the second example”). Will be described.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an engine start request determination process according to the first example.
- the engine start request determination process according to the first example is executed in step S406 (see FIG. 10) of the above-described EHC warm-up determination process. Further, the processing is executed by the ECU 70.
- step S601 the ECU 70 determines whether or not a high-power drive request is issued from the hybrid vehicle 100 side. That is, the ECU 70 determines whether or not a request for outputting a predetermined driving force or more is issued from the engine 1. For example, the ECU 70 performs the determination based on the accelerator opening and the like.
- step S601 If there is a high output drive request (step S601; Yes), the process proceeds to step S602. In this case, the ECU 70 executes an output operation (step S602). For example, when the catalyst warm-up operation has already been performed, the catalyst warm-up operation is stopped and the output operation is performed. Then, the process ends. On the other hand, when there is no high output drive request (step S601; No), the process proceeds to step S603.
- step S603 the ECU 70 determines whether a catalyst warm-up request is issued from the EHC 13 side. In this case, the ECU 70 performs the same determination as the EHC energization request determination in step S401 described above.
- step S603 Yes
- the process proceeds to step S604.
- the ECU 70 performs catalyst warm-up by the engine 1 (step S604). Specifically, the ECU 70 performs a catalyst warm-up operation such as control for retarding the ignition timing. Then, the process ends.
- the catalyst warm-up operation is not limited to performing control to retard the ignition timing.
- Control other than control for retarding the ignition timing may be performed as long as the control can raise the exhaust gas temperature.
- control for retarding the phase of the valve timing of the intake valve 7 and the exhaust valve 8 can be performed.
- step S603 when there is no catalyst warm-up request (step S603; No), the process proceeds to step S605. In this case, since neither a high output drive request nor a catalyst warm-up request is issued, the ECU 70 stops the operation of the engine 1 (step S605). Then, the process ends.
- the catalyst is activated by performing the catalyst warm-up operation by the engine 1 even in a situation where the catalyst warm-up by energization cannot be performed. Can be properly maintained.
- the engine start request determination process according to the second example is executed instead of the engine start request determination process according to the first example.
- the condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b is completely evaporated when there is no high output drive request from the hybrid vehicle 100 side. It differs from the engine starting request
- the condensed water is evaporated by the exhaust heat.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing an engine start request determination process according to the second example.
- the engine start request determination process according to the second example is executed in step S406 (see FIG. 10) of the above-described EHC warm-up determination process. Further, the processing is executed by the ECU 70.
- steps S701 to S704 Since the processing in steps S701 to S704 is the same as the processing in steps S601 to S604, the description thereof is omitted. Here, the processing after step S705 will be described.
- step S705 is performed when there is no catalyst warm-up request (step S703; No). For example, it is performed in a situation where the EHC floor temperature is higher than a predetermined temperature.
- step S705 the ECU 70 determines whether or not a request for evaporating the condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b (hereinafter referred to as "mat water absorption evaporation request") has been issued. For example, the ECU 70 performs the determination based on the current mat water absorption amount and the like. In one example, when the mat water absorption amount is approximately 0, it is determined that there is no mat water absorption evaporation request.
- step S706 the ECU 70 performs a mat water absorption evaporation operation.
- the ECU 70 performs the same operation as the catalyst warm-up operation as the mat water absorption evaporation operation.
- the ECU 70 performs the operation of the engine 1 such that the exhaust gas temperature is at least 100 ° C. or more as the mat water absorption evaporation operation. This is because if the exhaust gas temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, the condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b can be evaporated by the exhaust heat.
- the ECU 70 preferably executes an operation equivalent to the idle operation for the engine 1. When the process of step S706 above ends, the process ends.
- step S705 when there is no mat water absorption evaporation request (step S705; No), the process proceeds to step S707.
- the ECU 70 stops the operation of the engine 1 (step S707). Then, the process ends.
- the condensed water absorbed by the holding mat 13b is appropriately evaporated by continuing the operation of the engine 1 after the catalyst warm-up operation is performed. Can be made. Therefore, when the EHC energization request is made next time or later, the probability that the mat water absorption amount is less than the predetermined amount becomes considerably high. Become. Therefore, the start frequency of the engine 1 can be reduced, it is possible to suppress deterioration of drivability and improve fuel efficiency.
- the mat water absorbing and evaporating operation may be executed until the amount of condensed water remaining in the holding mat 13b is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold.
- the mat water absorption evaporating operation can be executed until the amount of condensed water remaining in the holding mat 13b is less than or equal to the amount of water absorbed by the mat corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value. This also increases the probability that the mat water absorption amount is less than the predetermined amount at the next and subsequent EHC energization requests, compared to the case where the mat water absorption evaporating operation is not performed. Become.
- the engine start request determination as described above may also be applied to the first embodiment. That is, in the first embodiment, when the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature (step S103; Yes), the catalyst 1 is warmed up by the engine 1 without any particular determination. It may be determined whether to perform catalyst warm-up by the engine 1. Specifically, when the holding mat temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature and there is a high output drive request, the output operation can be executed without executing the catalyst warm-up operation. Further, even when the catalyst warm-up request is not issued due to the execution of the catalyst warm-up operation, the operation of the engine 1 can be continued after the catalyst warm-up operation.
- the operation of the engine 1 can be continued until the holding mat temperature is at least lower than the insulation guarantee temperature.
- the first and second are in that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is estimated based on the amount of carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b (hereinafter referred to as “carbon deposition amount” as appropriate).
- carbon deposition amount the amount of carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b
- the third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that the prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 is determined based on the carbon deposition amount instead of the holding mat temperature and the mat water absorption amount.
- the ECU 70 determines that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has decreased to a predetermined value or less when the carbon deposition amount is a predetermined amount or more, and energizes the EHC 13. Ban.
- the reason for performing the control based on the carbon deposition amount as described above is as follows.
- the exhaust gas may contain particulates generated by incomplete combustion of the fuel.
- the particulate is “soot”, and the main component is carbon.
- the term “carbon” including particulates is used.
- the particulates include substances other than carbon, the term “carbon” is also used for particulates including such substances other than carbon.
- the ECU 70 indicates that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value (that is, an insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value) or less when the carbon deposition amount is a predetermined amount or more. It judges and energization of EHC13 is prohibited. In this case, even if an EHC energization request is issued, the ECU 70 does not execute catalyst warm-up by energization because it can be said that the insulating property of the holding mat 13b is not ensured.
- a predetermined value that is, an insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an EHC warm-up determination process in the third embodiment. This process is repeatedly executed by the ECU 70 at a predetermined cycle.
- step S801 the ECU 70 performs EHC energization request determination. Specifically, the ECU 70 performs the EHC energization request determination similar to step S101 in FIG. That is, the ECU 70 performs the EHC energization request determination process shown in FIG. Therefore, the description thereof is omitted here. Then, the process proceeds to step S802.
- step S802 the ECU 70 determines whether there is an EHC energization request. If there is an EHC energization request (step S802; Yes), the process proceeds to step S803. If there is no EHC energization request (step S802; No), the process ends.
- step S803 the ECU 70 calculates a carbon deposition amount. Then, the process proceeds to step S804. The method for calculating the carbon deposition amount will be described later in detail.
- step S804 the ECU 70 determines whether or not the carbon deposition amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount.
- the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is in a state in which the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a value equal to or lower than the lower limit guaranteed value of insulation resistance based on the carbon deposition amount. That is, the ECU 70 determines whether or not the insulating property of the holding mat 13b is not ensured based on the carbon deposition amount.
- the predetermined amount used in step S804 is set based on the relationship between the carbon deposition amount and the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b. Specifically, a predetermined amount is set based on the carbon deposition amount by obtaining a relationship between the carbon deposition amount and the insulation resistance in advance through experiments and obtaining a carbon deposition amount corresponding to the guaranteed lower limit of insulation resistance. The For example, the predetermined amount is set to a carbon deposition amount corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value, or set to an amount somewhat smaller than the carbon deposition amount corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value.
- step S804 If the carbon deposition amount is greater than or equal to the predetermined amount (step S804; Yes), the process proceeds to step S805. In this case, it can be said that there is a high possibility that the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b has fallen below the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value. Therefore, in step S805, the ECU 70 prohibits energization of the EHC 13. Then, the process proceeds to step S806, and the ECU 70 executes engine start request determination. Specifically, the ECU 70 executes the same process as the engine start request determination process according to the first example shown in FIG. 12, or the engine start request determination process according to the second example shown in FIG. A similar process is executed. Then, the process ends.
- step S807 the ECU 70 permits energization of the EHC 13. Then, the process proceeds to step S808, and the ECU 70 performs catalyst warm-up by energization of the EHC 13. Thereafter, the process ends.
- energization of the EHC 13 can be prohibited when the carbon deposition amount is equal to or greater than a predetermined amount, and it is possible to appropriately prevent leakage of the EHC 13.
- the ECU 70 executes the engine start request determination process according to the first example in step S806, the ECU 70 basically performs the same process as that of the second embodiment, that is, the same process as that shown in FIG. Process. Specifically, the ECU 70 performs an output operation when there is a high output drive request, and performs a catalyst warm-up operation when there is no high output drive request and there is a catalyst warm-up request. Thus, even in a situation where the catalyst cannot be warmed up by energization, the catalyst can be appropriately maintained in an active state by performing the catalyst warm-up operation by the engine 1.
- the ECU 70 holds the high-power drive request from the hybrid vehicle 100 side after the catalyst warm-up operation. Control is performed to continue the operation of the engine 1 until the carbon deposited on the mat 13b is completely burned off. That is, the ECU 70 accumulates on the holding mat 13b by continuing the operation of the engine 1 after the catalyst warm-up operation even in a situation where the catalyst warm-up request is not issued due to the execution of the catalyst warm-up operation. Burn out carbon. For example, the ECU 70 executes control for operating the engine 1 so that the exhaust gas temperature becomes high in order to appropriately burn off carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b.
- the probability that the carbon deposition amount is less than the predetermined amount becomes considerably high at the next and subsequent EHC energization requests.
- the catalyst warm-up by energization is likely to be performed, in other words, the catalyst warm-up by the engine 1 is difficult to be performed. Therefore, the start frequency of the engine 1 can be reduced, it is possible to suppress deterioration of drivability and improve fuel efficiency.
- the operation of the engine 1 is not limited until the carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b is completely burned out. Even if the carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b is not completely burned down, the operation of the engine 1 may be continued until the amount of carbon remaining on the holding mat 13b becomes a predetermined threshold value or less. For example, the operation of the engine 1 can be continued until the amount of carbon remaining in the holding mat 13b is less than or equal to the amount of carbon deposited corresponding to the insulation resistance lower limit guaranteed value.
- the ECU 70 functions as a carbon amount estimating means, and calculates the carbon deposition amount based on the air-fuel ratio, the exhaust gas amount, the exhaust gas temperature, the exhaust system design specifications including the EHC 13, and the like. Specifically, the ECU 70 determines the amount of carbon generated in the exhaust passage 12, the amount of carbon reaching the EHC 13 out of the carbon generated in the exhaust passage 12, and the amount of carbon deposited on the holding mat 13b. The amount of carbon deposition is calculated based on the burnout coefficient indicating the ratio of the amount of carbon burned out.
- the amount of carbon generated in the exhaust passage 12 is referred to as “generated carbon amount”, and the amount of carbon that reaches the EHC 13 among the carbon generated in the exhaust passage 12 is referred to as “EHC reached carbon amount”. More specifically, the “EHC reaching carbon amount” means the amount of carbon adhering to the holding mat 13 b among the carbons that have reached the EHC 13.
- the ECU 70 repeatedly calculates the carbon deposition amount at a predetermined cycle. Specifically, the ECU 70 stores the previously calculated carbon deposition amount (hereinafter referred to as “carbon deposition amount (previous value)” as appropriate) and stores the stored carbon deposition amount (previous value). Is used to calculate the current carbon deposition amount (hereinafter referred to as “carbon deposition amount (current value)” as appropriate). That is, the ECU 70 calculates the current carbon deposition amount based on the carbon amount remaining on the holding mat 13b.
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing a carbon deposition amount calculation process in the third embodiment.
- the carbon accumulation amount calculation process is executed in step S803 (see FIG. 14) of the above-described EHC warm-up determination process. Further, the processing is executed by the ECU 70.
- step S901 the ECU 70 acquires the carbon deposition amount (previous value) stored in the SRAM or the like. Then, the process proceeds to step S902.
- step S902 the ECU 70 calculates the amount of generated carbon. That is, the ECU 70 calculates the amount of carbon generated by incomplete combustion of the fuel while the engine 1 is starting up. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the generated carbon amount based on a function F21 defined by the exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gas temperature, the air-fuel ratio, and the like, as shown in Expression (6). Then, the process proceeds to step S903.
- Generated carbon amount ⁇ ⁇ F21 (exhaust gas flow rate, exhaust gas temperature, air-fuel ratio) ⁇ Equation (6)
- ⁇ means that the total amount of carbon generated during the period of executing the carbon deposition amount calculation processing is obtained.
- a detection value of a sensor provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 or a value obtained based on the detection value is used.
- the function F21 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S903 the ECU 70 calculates the EHC reaching carbon amount based on the generated carbon amount calculated in step S902. That is, of the generated carbon amount, the amount of carbon adhering to the holding mat 13b is calculated. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the EHC reached carbon amount based on the function F22 defined by the generated carbon amount and the exhaust system design specifications, as shown by the equation (7). Then, the process proceeds to step S904.
- EHC arrival carbon amount F22 (carbon generation amount, exhaust system design specifications) Equation (7)
- exhaust system design specifications include the inner diameter of the exhaust passage 12, the cross-sectional area of the EHC 13, the distance of the exhaust passage 12 from the exhaust manifold of the engine 1 to the EHC 13, the surface area of the exhaust passage 12, etc. Is mentioned. For such exhaust system design specifications, values stored in advance in a memory or the like are used. The function F22 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S904 the ECU 70 calculates a carbon burnout coefficient in the holding mat 13b. That is, the ECU 70 calculates the ratio of the amount of carbon that is removed by being burned out of the amount of carbon that has accumulated on the holding mat 13b. Specifically, the ECU 70 calculates the burnout coefficient based on the function F23 defined by the exhaust gas temperature, the air-fuel ratio, the outside air temperature, the mat material coefficient, and the like, as shown in Expression (8). Then, the process proceeds to step S905.
- Burnout coefficient F23 (exhaust gas temperature, air-fuel ratio, outside air temperature, mat material coefficient) Equation (8)
- the mat material coefficient in the equation (8) a value stored in advance in a memory or the like is used. Further, for the exhaust gas temperature, the air-fuel ratio, and the outside air temperature in the equation (8), for example, detection values of sensors provided in the hybrid vehicle 100 are used.
- the function F23 is set based on a theoretical formula or the like.
- step S905 the ECU 70 calculates a carbon deposition amount (current value). Specifically, the ECU 70 determines the carbon deposition amount (the previous value) acquired in step S901, the EHC reaching carbon amount calculated in step S903, and the burnout coefficient calculated in step S904 ( Calculate this time). That is, the carbon deposition amount (current value) is calculated based on the amount of carbon remaining on the holding mat 13b, the amount of carbon adhering to the EHC 13, and the ratio of the amount of carbon burned off from the holding mat 13b. In this case, the ECU 70 calculates the carbon deposition amount (current value) based on the equation (9). Then, the process proceeds to step S906.
- Carbon deposit (current value) ⁇ Carbon deposition amount (previous value) + EHC reaching carbon amount ⁇ x (1-burnout coefficient) Equation (9)
- the ECU 70 stores the carbon deposition amount (current value) calculated in step S905. Specifically, the ECU 70 updates the stored carbon deposition amount (previous value) with the carbon deposition amount calculated this time (current value). For example, the ECU 70 stores the carbon deposition amount (current value) in an SRAM or the like. Then, the process ends.
- the carbon deposition amount can be calculated with high accuracy. Therefore, in the above-described EHC warm-up determination process, the determination using the carbon deposition amount (step S804) can be accurately performed. Specifically, it is possible to accurately determine whether or not the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is reduced to a predetermined value or less based on the carbon deposition amount.
- the generated carbon amount, the EHC reached carbon amount, and the burnout coefficient are obtained using the functions F21, F22, and F23, respectively.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Instead of using such a function, the generated carbon amount, the EHC reaching carbon amount, and the burnout coefficient may be obtained by referring to a preset map.
- the carbon deposition amount (previous value) when the carbon deposition amount (previous value) is not stored, that is, when the stored carbon deposition amount (previous value) is erased.
- the maximum carbon amount deposited on the holding mat 13b (hereinafter referred to as “maximum carbon deposition amount”) may be set as the carbon deposition amount (previous value) to calculate the carbon deposition amount (current value). . That is, immediately after the battery is cleared, the maximum carbon deposition amount may be set to the carbon deposition amount (previous value). This can also reliably prevent erroneous determination of the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b, and can appropriately prevent the EHC 13 from leaking.
- the maximum carbon deposition amount for example, an amount obtained in advance through experiments or the like can be used.
- the embodiment in which the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is estimated based on only one of the holding mat temperature, the mat water absorption amount, and the carbon deposition amount, and the prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 is determined. Indicated. In another example, the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b is estimated based on any two of the holding mat temperature, the mat water absorption amount, and the carbon deposition amount, and prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 may be determined. it can.
- the prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 can be determined based on the holding mat temperature and the mat water absorption amount. In this example, even when the holding mat temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, if the mat water absorption amount is equal to or higher than the predetermined amount, energization of the EHC 13 is prohibited, and even if the mat water absorption amount is lower than the predetermined amount, When the temperature is equal to or higher than the predetermined temperature, energization of the EHC 13 is prohibited. That is, energization of the EHC 13 is permitted only when the holding mat temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature and the mat water absorption is lower than the predetermined amount.
- the insulation resistance of the holding mat 13b can be estimated based on all of the holding mat temperature, the mat water absorption amount, and the carbon deposition amount, and the prohibition / permission of energization of the EHC 13 can be determined.
- energization of the EHC 13 is permitted only when the holding mat temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature, the mat water absorption is lower than the predetermined amount, and the carbon deposition amount is lower than the predetermined amount. Prohibits energization of the EHC 13.
- the present invention is not limited to application to ordinary hybrid vehicles, but can also be applied to plug-in hybrid vehicles. Further, the present invention is not limited to application to a hybrid vehicle, and can also be applied to ordinary vehicles other than hybrid vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
[装置構成]
図1は、本実施形態におけるハイブリッド車両100の概略構成図を示す。なお、図1中の破線矢印は、信号の入出力を示している。
[制御方法の基本概念]
次に、本実施形態においてECU70が行う制御方法の基本概念について説明する。
[第1実施形態]
第1実施形態では、保持マット13bの温度(以下、適宜「保持マット温度」と呼ぶ。)に基づいて保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗を推定することで、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定する。こうするのは、保持マット温度に応じて保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗が変化する傾向にあるからである。具体的には、第1実施形態では、ECU70は、保持マット温度が所定温度以上である場合に、保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗が所定値以下に低下していると判定して、EHC13の通電を禁止する。この場合、ECU70は、EHC通電要求が発せられていても、通電による触媒暖機を実行しない。
次に、第1実施形態におけるEHC暖機判定について具体的に説明する。EHC暖機判定は、EHC13を暖機するか否かを判定すると共に、EHC13を暖機する場合に、通電による触媒暖機及びエンジン1による触媒暖機のいずれを実行するかを判定するために行われる(以下同様とする)。
次に、第1実施形態における保持マット温度の推定方法について説明する。ECU70は、温度推定手段として機能し、EHC担体13a、保持マット13b、及びケース13cのそれぞれの熱伝達を考慮に入れて、保持マット温度を推定する。具体的には、ECU70は、EHC13内の各構成部の温度差、及び、EHC13内の各構成部における熱の移動の時間遅れを考慮して、保持マット温度を推定する。なお、このように推定された保持マット温度は、上記したステップS103の判定(図6参照)で用いられる。
[第2実施形態]
次に、第2実施形態について説明する。第2実施形態では、保持マット13bが吸水している水分量(言い換えると、保持マット13bが保持している排気凝縮水の量に相当し、以下では適宜「マット吸水量」と呼ぶ。)に基づいて保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗を推定する点で、第1実施形態と異なる。つまり、第2実施形態では、保持マット温度の代わりにマット吸水量に基づいて、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定する点で、第1実施形態と異なる。具体的には、第2実施形態では、ECU70は、マット吸水量が所定量以上である場合に、保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗が所定値以下に低下していると判定して、EHC13の通電を禁止する。
次に、第2実施形態におけるEHC暖機判定について具体的に説明する。図10は、第2実施形態におけるEHC暖機判定処理を示すフローチャートである。この処理は、ECU70によって所定周期で繰り返し実行される。
次に、第2実施形態におけるマット吸水量の算出方法について説明する。第2実施形態では、ECU70は、水分量推定手段として機能し、排気通路12内に発生する凝縮水量と、排気通路12内に発生した凝縮水のうちEHC13に到達する凝縮水量と、保持マット13bが吸水している凝縮水量のうち排気熱によって蒸発する凝縮水量の割合を示す蒸発係数とに基づいて、マット吸水量を算出する。以下では、排気通路12内に発生する凝縮水量を「発生凝縮水量」と呼び、排気通路12内に発生した凝縮水のうちEHC13に到達する凝縮水量を「EHC到達凝縮水量」と呼ぶ。より詳しくは、「EHC到達凝縮水量」は、EHC13に到達する凝縮水のうち、保持マット13bが吸水する凝縮水量を意味するものとする。
=F11(前トリップ吸水量、ソーク時間、エンジン水温変化、外気温変化) 式(1)
式(1)において「前トリップ吸水量」は、今回のマット吸水量算出処理の開始時において記憶されているマット吸水量(前回値)、つまり前回のトリップの終了時に記憶されたマット吸水量(前回値)に相当する。また、式(1)中のソーク時間、エンジン水温変化、及び外気温変化は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値若しくは当該検出値に基づいて求められた値が用いられる。なお、関数F11は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
=Σ{F12(排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、エンジン水温、空燃比)} 式(2)
式(2)において「Σ」は、マット吸水量算出処理を実行する周期の間に発生する凝縮水量の総量を求めることを意味している。また、式(2)中の排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、エンジン水温、及び空燃比は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値若しくは当該検出値に基づいて求められた値が用いられる。なお、関数F12は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
=F13(発生凝縮水量、排気系設計諸元、排気ガス流速) 式(3)
式(3)において「排気系設計諸元」は、排気通路12の内径や、EHC13の断面積や、エンジン1のエキゾーストマニホールドからEHC13までの排気通路12の距離や、当該排気通路12の表面積などが挙げられる。このような排気系設計諸元は、予めメモリなどに記憶された値が用いられる。また、式(3)中の排気ガス流速は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値に基づいて求められた値が用いられる。なお、関数F13は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
=F14(排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、外気温、マット材料係数) 式(4)
式(4)中のマット材料係数は、予めメモリなどに記憶された値が用いられる。また、式(4)中の排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、及び外気温は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値若しくは当該検出値に基づいて求められた値が用いられる。なお、関数F14は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
={マット吸水量(前回値)+EHC到達凝縮水量}×(1-蒸発係数) 式(5)
ステップS510では、ECU70は、ステップS509で算出されたマット吸水量(今回値)を記憶させる。具体的には、ECU70は、記憶されているマット吸水量(前回値)を、今回算出されたマット吸水量(今回値)によって更新する。例えば、ECU70は、マット吸水量(今回値)をSRAMなどに格納する。そして、処理は終了する。
次に、上記したEHC暖機判定処理のステップS406(図10参照)で行われるエンジン起動要求判定について説明する。
[第3実施形態]
次に、第3実施形態について説明する。第3実施形態では、保持マット13bに堆積しているカーボンの量(以下、適宜「カーボン堆積量」と呼ぶ。)に基づいて保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗を推定する点で、第1及び第2実施形態と異なる。つまり、第3実施形態では、保持マット温度及びマット吸水量の代わりにカーボン堆積量に基づいて、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定する点で、第1及び第2実施形態と異なる。具体的には、第3実施形態では、ECU70は、カーボン堆積量が所定量以上である場合に、保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗が所定値以下に低下していると判定して、EHC13の通電を禁止する。
次に、第3実施形態におけるEHC暖機判定について具体的に説明する。図14は、第3実施形態におけるEHC暖機判定処理を示すフローチャートである。この処理は、ECU70によって所定周期で繰り返し実行される。
次に、第3実施形態におけるカーボン堆積量の算出方法について説明する。第3実施形態では、ECU70は、カーボン量推定手段として機能し、空燃比、排気ガス量、排気ガス温度、及びEHC13を含む排気系設計諸元などに基づいて、カーボン堆積量を算出する。具体的には、ECU70は、排気通路12内に発生するカーボンの量と、排気通路12内に発生したカーボンのうちEHC13に到達するカーボンの量と、保持マット13bに堆積しているカーボン量のうち焼失するカーボン量の割合を示す焼失係数とに基づいて、カーボン堆積量を算出する。以下では、排気通路12内に発生するカーボンの量を「発生カーボン量」と呼び、排気通路12内に発生したカーボンのうちEHC13に到達するカーボンの量を「EHC到達カーボン量」と呼ぶ。より詳しくは、「EHC到達カーボン量」は、EHC13に到達したカーボンのうち、保持マット13bに付着するカーボン量を意味するものとする。
=Σ{F21(排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、空燃比)} 式(6)
式(6)において「Σ」は、カーボン堆積量算出処理を実行する周期の間に発生するカーボン量の総量を求めることを意味している。また、式(6)中の排気ガス流量、排気ガス温度、及び空燃比は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値若しくは当該検出値に基づいて求められた値が用いられる。なお、関数F21は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
=F22(発生カーボン量、排気系設計諸元) 式(7)
式(7)において「排気系設計諸元」は、排気通路12の内径や、EHC13の断面積や、エンジン1のエキゾーストマニホールドからEHC13までの排気通路12の距離や、当該排気通路12の表面積などが挙げられる。このような排気系設計諸元は、予めメモリなどに記憶された値が用いられる。なお、関数F22は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
=F23(排気ガス温度、空燃比、外気温、マット材料係数) 式(8)
式(8)中のマット材料係数は、予めメモリなどに記憶された値が用いられる。また、式(8)中の排気ガス温度、空燃比、及び外気温は、例えばハイブリッド車両100に設けられたセンサの検出値が用いられる。なお、関数F23は、理論式などに基づいて設定される。
={カーボン堆積量(前回値)+EHC到達カーボン量}×(1-焼失係数) 式(9)
ステップS906では、ECU70は、ステップS905で算出されたカーボン堆積量(今回値)を記憶させる。具体的には、ECU70は、記憶されているカーボン堆積量(前回値)を、今回算出されたカーボン堆積量(今回値)によって更新する。例えば、ECU70は、カーボン堆積量(今回値)をSRAMなどに格納する。そして、処理は終了する。
[変形例]
上記では、保持マット温度、マット吸水量、及びカーボン堆積量のうちのいずれか1つのみに基づいて、保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗を推定し、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定する実施形態を示した。他の例では、保持マット温度、マット吸水量、及びカーボン堆積量のうちのいずれか2つに基づいて、保持マット13bの絶縁抵抗を推定し、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定することができる。例えば、保持マット温度及びマット吸水量に基づいて、EHC13の通電について禁止/許可を決定することができる。この例では、保持マット温度が所定温度未満であってもマット吸水量が所定量以上である場合には、EHC13の通電を禁止し、また、マット吸水量が所定量未満であっても保持マット温度が所定温度以上である場合には、EHC13の通電を禁止する。つまり、保持マット温度が所定温度未満で、且つマット吸水量が所定量未満である場合にのみ、EHC13の通電を許可する。
12 排気通路
13 EHC(電気加熱式触媒)
13a EHC担体
13b 保持マット
13c ケース
70 ECU
100 ハイブリッド車両
Claims (11)
- 内燃機関と、
触媒を担持する触媒担体、及び電気的絶縁性を有すると共に前記触媒担体を保持する担体保持部を具備しており、通電されることで暖機可能な電気加熱式触媒と、を有する車両に適用され、
前記担体保持部の絶縁抵抗が所定値以下に低下しているか否かを判定する絶縁抵抗判定手段と、
前記絶縁抵抗判定手段によって前記絶縁抵抗が前記所定値以下に低下していると判定された場合に、前記電気加熱式触媒の通電を禁止する通電禁止手段と、を備えることを特徴とする車両の制御装置。 - 前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記担体保持部の温度が所定温度以上である場合に、前記絶縁抵抗が前記所定値以下に低下していると判定する請求項1に記載の車両の制御装置。
- 前記触媒担体、前記担体保持部、及び前記触媒担体と前記担体保持部とを覆うケースのそれぞれの熱伝達に基づいて、前記担体保持部の温度を推定する温度推定手段を更に備え、
前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記温度推定手段によって推定された温度を用いて前記判定を行う請求項2に記載の車両の制御装置。 - 前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記担体保持部が吸水している水分量が所定量以上である場合に、前記絶縁抵抗が前記所定値以下に低下していると判定する請求項1に記載の車両の制御装置。
- 排気通路内に発生する凝縮水の量と、前記排気通路内に発生した凝縮水のうち前記電気加熱式触媒に到達する凝縮水の量と、前記担体保持部が吸水している水分量のうち排気熱によって蒸発する水分量の割合を示す蒸発係数とに基づいて、前記担体保持部が吸水している水分量を推定する水分量推定手段を更に備え、
前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記水分量推定手段によって推定された水分量を用いて前記判定を行う請求項4に記載の車両の制御装置。 - 前記水分量推定手段は、
前記水分量の推定を繰り返し行うと共に、前回推定された水分量を記憶し、記憶している前記前回推定された水分量を用いて前記水分量の推定を行い、
記憶している前記前回推定された水分量が消去された場合には、前記担体保持部が吸水する最大の水分量を前記前回推定された水分量に設定して前記推定を行う請求項5に記載の車両の制御装置。 - 前記通電禁止手段によって前記電気加熱式触媒の通電が禁止された場合に前記内燃機関を運転させる制御を行うと共に、前記担体保持部が吸水している水分が蒸発するように、前記内燃機関の運転を継続させる制御を行う手段を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の車両の制御装置。
- 前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記担体保持部に堆積しているカーボン量が所定量以上である場合に、前記絶縁抵抗が前記所定値以下に低下していると判定する請求項1に記載の車両の制御装置。
- 排気通路内に発生するカーボンの量と、前記排気通路内に発生したカーボンのうち前記電気加熱式触媒に到達するカーボンの量と、前記担体保持部に堆積しているカーボン量のうち焼失するカーボン量の割合を示す焼失係数とに基づいて、前記担体保持部に堆積しているカーボン量を推定するカーボン量推定手段を更に備え、
前記絶縁抵抗判定手段は、前記カーボン量推定手段によって推定されたカーボン量を用いて前記判定を行う請求項8に記載の車両の制御装置。 - 前記カーボン量推定手段は、
前記カーボン量の推定を繰り返し行うと共に、前回推定されたカーボン量を記憶し、記憶している前記前回推定されたカーボン量を用いて前記カーボン量の推定を行い、
記憶している前記前回推定されたカーボン量が消去された場合には、前記担体保持部に堆積する最大のカーボン量を前記前回推定されたカーボン量に設定して前記推定を行う請求項9に記載の車両の制御装置。 - 前記通電禁止手段によって前記電気加熱式触媒の通電が禁止された場合に前記内燃機関を運転させる制御を行うと共に、前記担体保持部に堆積しているカーボンが焼失するように、前記内燃機関の運転を継続させる制御を行う手段を更に備えることを特徴とする請求項8乃至10のいずれか一項に記載の車両の制御装置。
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JP2020033978A (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両及び車両の制御方法 |
JP2020033980A (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両及び車両の制御方法 |
JP6996456B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2022-01-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両及び車両の制御方法 |
US11286825B2 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2022-03-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Vehicle and control method for vehicle |
JP7047677B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2022-04-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両及び車両の制御方法 |
WO2022044746A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | 株式会社デンソー | 制御装置 |
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EP2549073A4 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
EP2549073B1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
US8661796B2 (en) | 2014-03-04 |
EP2549073A1 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
JP5333652B2 (ja) | 2013-11-06 |
JPWO2011114451A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
US20120260638A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
CN102667086B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
CN102667086A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
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