WO2011099285A1 - 膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法及び装置 - Google Patents
膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011099285A1 WO2011099285A1 PCT/JP2011/000732 JP2011000732W WO2011099285A1 WO 2011099285 A1 WO2011099285 A1 WO 2011099285A1 JP 2011000732 W JP2011000732 W JP 2011000732W WO 2011099285 A1 WO2011099285 A1 WO 2011099285A1
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- electrolyte membrane
- membrane
- catalyst
- catalyst layer
- polymer electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8828—Coating with slurry or ink
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly provided in a fuel cell used as a drive power source for mobile devices such as portable electronic devices, automobiles, distributed power generation systems, and home cogeneration systems. About.
- a fuel cell for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- a fuel cell generates electric power, heat, and water simultaneously by electrochemically reacting a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas containing oxygen such as air. It is a device to let you.
- a fuel cell is generally configured by stacking a plurality of cells and pressurizing them with fastening members such as bolts and bands.
- One cell is configured by sandwiching a membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter referred to as MEA: Membrane-Electrode-Assembly) between a pair of plate-like conductive separators.
- MEA Membrane-Electrode-Assembly
- MEA is composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane and a pair of electrode layers arranged on both sides of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- One of the pair of electrode layers is an anode electrode, and the other is a cathode electrode.
- Each of the pair of electrode layers includes a catalyst layer mainly composed of carbon powder carrying a metal catalyst and a porous and conductive gas diffusion layer disposed on the catalyst layer.
- the assembly of the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer is referred to as a membrane-catalyst layer assembly (CCM).
- CCM membrane-catalyst layer assembly
- the membrane-catalyst layer assembly can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- a first shape holding film is attached to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a first catalyst layer is formed on the other surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a 2nd shape maintenance film is affixed on this 1st catalyst layer.
- the first shape holding film attached to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane is removed, and a second catalyst layer is formed on this one surface.
- a catalyst ink containing a catalyst and a solvent is printed or applied on the polymer electrolyte membrane, and is left to dry at room temperature (see, for example, Patent Document 1). .
- the technique of producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly by directly printing or applying a catalyst ink on a polymer electrolyte membrane can extremely reduce the interface resistance between the polymer electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer. Therefore, it has attracted attention as an ideal method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane is usually a very thin member (for example, 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m) and easily deformed even with a little moisture.
- a very thin member for example, 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m
- wrinkles and pinholes are generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane due to swelling. Such wrinkles and pinholes are factors that reduce the power generation performance of the fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 aims to suppress the occurrence of wrinkles and pinholes by pasting a shape-retaining film on the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane opposite to the surface on which the catalyst ink is applied.
- Patent Document 2 aims to suppress swelling of the electrolyte / electrode assembly by preventing suction leakage using a cover and improving the adsorption power of the roller to the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technology for promoting drying by evaporating a solvent from a liquid of a coating film by an air flow from a blower. Further, for example, it is disclosed that the drying of the liquid is promoted by using a blowing device together with the heating of the circulating moving body.
- Patent Document 1 a catalyst ink containing a catalyst and a solvent is printed or applied on a polymer electrolyte membrane, and is left to dry at room temperature.
- the second catalyst layer is formed on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, wrinkles and pinholes are likely to occur in the polymer electrolyte membrane, and the effect of suppressing wrinkles and pinholes is not sufficient.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for manufacturing a membrane electrode assembly, which solves the above-described problem and can further suppress the occurrence of wrinkles and pinholes in a polymer electrolyte membrane. There is.
- the inventors of the present invention have found the following as a result of intensive studies in order to solve the problems of the prior art.
- the inventors of the present invention heat the catalyst ink applied to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane from the other surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane (indirect heating through the polymer electrolyte membrane). It was found that the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane can be sufficiently restored when dried. That is, when the catalyst ink is applied to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane, a dimensional change due to swelling occurs from one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane toward the inside.
- a method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly for a fuel cell comprising: A catalyst coating step of coating a catalyst ink on one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; A first drying step of drying the catalyst ink by heating the electrolyte membrane from the other surface side of the electrolyte membrane; After the first drying step, the electrolyte membrane is heated from one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane to dry the catalyst ink, and a second drying step of forming a catalyst layer on one side of the electrolyte membrane; , A method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly is provided.
- the catalyst in the second drying step, in addition to heating the electrolyte membrane from one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the catalyst is also heated from the other side.
- the method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the first aspect which is a step of drying ink and forming a catalyst layer on one surface of the electrolyte membrane, is provided.
- the membrane-catalyst according to the first or second aspect further includes a film sticking step of sticking a shape-retaining film to the other surface of the electrolyte membrane before the catalyst coating step.
- a method for producing a layered assembly is provided.
- a second catalyst application step of applying a second catalyst ink to the other surface of the electrolyte membrane A third drying step of drying the second catalyst ink by heating the electrolyte membrane from one side of the electrolyte membrane; After the third drying step, the electrolyte membrane is heated from the other surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane to dry the second catalyst ink, and a second catalyst layer is formed on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane. 4 drying steps; The method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the first aspect is further provided.
- the second catalyst in addition to heating the electrolyte membrane from the other surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane, the second catalyst is also heated from one surface side.
- the method for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the fourth aspect which is a step of drying the ink to form a second catalyst layer on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane.
- a first film sticking step of sticking a first shape retaining film on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane Before the second catalyst coating step, a second film sticking step of sticking a second shape retaining film on one surface of the electrolyte membrane; A first film peeling step for peeling the first shape-retaining film from the other surface of the electrolyte membrane after the second film sticking step and before the second catalyst coating step;
- the amount of heat applied to the electrolyte membrane in the second drying step is greater than the amount of heat applied to the electrolyte membrane in the first drying step.
- the heating temperature to the electrolyte membrane in the second drying step is higher than the heating temperature to the electrolyte membrane in the first drying step.
- an apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly for a fuel cell A transport device for transporting the polymer electrolyte membrane in the transport direction; A catalyst application device for applying catalyst ink to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane; First, the catalyst membrane is dried by heating the electrolyte membrane disposed downstream of the catalyst coating device in the transport direction and coated with the catalyst ink from the other surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane. A drying device; The catalyst membrane is dried by heating the electrolyte membrane that is disposed downstream of the first drying device in the transport direction and has passed through the first drying device from one surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane. A second drying device for forming a catalyst layer on one surface of the electrolyte membrane; An apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly is provided.
- the second drying device heats the electrolyte membrane that has passed through the first drying device from one surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane and also from the other surface side.
- the amount of heat applied to the electrolyte membrane by the second drying device is greater than the amount of heat applied to the electrolyte membrane by the first drying device.
- the apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the ninth or tenth aspect, wherein the heating temperature of the second drying device is higher than the heating temperature of the first drying device.
- the catalyst ink applied to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane is dried by heating from the other surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane. Therefore, the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane can be sufficiently restored.
- the catalyst ink is dried by heating from one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a membrane-catalyst layer assembly in which generation of wrinkles and pinholes in the molecular electrolyte membrane is suppressed can be obtained.
- the first drying device is disposed on the downstream side in the transport direction from the catalyst coating device, so that it is applied to one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the resulting catalyst ink can be heated from the other side of the polymer electrolyte membrane and dried to sufficiently restore the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the second drying device is disposed downstream of the first drying device in the transport direction, and therefore, generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the catalyst ink can be heated and dried from one side of the polymer electrolyte membrane with the swelling restored. As a result, a membrane-catalyst layer assembly in which generation of wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane is suppressed can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory diagram of an apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a polymer film having a structure in which a first shape retaining film is attached to the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane;
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a polymer film having a structure in which a first catalyst layer is formed on the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane from the state of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a polymer film having a structure in which a second shape-retaining film is attached to the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane in which the first catalyst layer is further formed from the state of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a polymer film having a structure in which the second shape retaining film is peeled from the state of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a polymer film having a structure in which a second catalyst layer is formed on the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane from the state of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for manufacturing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the present embodiment is used for a fuel cell used as a driving source for a moving body such as an automobile, a distributed power generation system, a household cogeneration system, and the like.
- the apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly includes a supply roll 11, a backup roll 12, a die 13, a preliminary drying apparatus 14 as an example of a first drying apparatus,
- This drying device 15 which is an example of a drying device and a winding roll 16 are provided.
- a polymer film 10 is wound around the supply roll 11.
- the polymer film 10 refers to polymer films 10a to 10e having the structure shown in any of FIGS.
- the catalyst layer 4a is formed on the first surface (one surface) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 as shown in FIG. 3, the polymer film 10a having the structure shown in FIG.
- a polymer film 10 a having a structure in which the first shape holding film 2 is attached to the second surface (the other surface) of the sheet-like polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is wound around the supply roll 11.
- the catalyst layer 4b is formed on the second surface (one surface) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 as shown in FIG. 6, the polymer film 10d having the structure shown in FIG.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is not particularly limited.
- a polymer electrolyte membrane made of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid for example, Nafion (registered trademark) manufactured by DuPont, USA, Flemion manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.). (Registered trademark), Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation, etc.) can be used.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is usually a member that is very thin and easily deforms even with a little moisture.
- the shape-retaining film 2 or 3 is formed on the first surface or the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 in order to improve handling and further suppress wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane. Is pasted.
- this invention is not limited to this, The shape maintenance film 2 or 3 does not necessarily need to be provided.
- first and second shape retaining films 2 and 3 for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polyimide, fluororesin, or the like can be used.
- the first and second shape retaining films 2 and 3 may be any film having heat resistance that does not thermally deform during lamination.
- the polymer film 10 drawn out from the supply roll 11 is suspended on the backup roll 12 and taken up on the take-up roll 16.
- the winding roll 16 includes a motor (not shown), and continuously rotates the polymer film 10 by continuously rotating with the driving force of the motor.
- the supply roll 11 and the take-up roll 16 constitute an example of a transport device that transports the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 in the transport direction X.
- the backup roll 12 is a cylindrical member whose diameter is set to 300 mm, for example. Since the shape maintaining film 2 or 3 is attached to the polymer electrolyte membrane 1, the backup roll 12 does not need to be provided with a suction function.
- the die 13 is disposed at a position facing the backup roll 12 with the polymer film 10 interposed therebetween.
- a supply pump P is connected to the die 13.
- the die 13 is configured to be able to discharge (apply) the catalyst ink for forming the catalyst layer supplied from the supply pump P toward the portion of the polymer film 10 that contacts the backup roll 12.
- the die 13 and the supply pump P constitute an example of a catalyst coating apparatus that applies catalyst ink to the first surface or the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the catalyst ink is an ink obtained by mixing carbon fine particles supporting a platinum-based metal catalyst with a solvent.
- the metal catalyst for example, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium and the like can be used. Carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, etc. can be used as the carbon powder.
- organic solvents such as water, alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol, and ethers, esters and fluorines can be used.
- the pre-drying device 14 is arranged on the downstream side in the transport direction X from the backup roll 12 so as to face the second surface (or the first surface) of the polymer film 10.
- the pre-drying device 14 uses the catalyst ink discharged from the die 13 toward the first surface (or the second surface) of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 on the second surface (or the first surface) side of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1. It is an apparatus that heats and dries. By the drying by the preliminary drying device 14, the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 can be sufficiently restored.
- the preliminary drying device 14 for example, an induction heating type or electromagnetic heating type heating device, a hot plate, a far infrared heater, or the like can be used.
- the heating temperature by the preliminary drying device 14 is too low, sufficient drying cannot be performed, and if it is too high, the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 may be damaged. Therefore, the heating temperature may be set within a range of 50 ° C. to 140 ° C., for example. preferable.
- the heating time by the preliminary drying device 14 is preferably as long as possible from the viewpoint of sufficiently restoring the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane 1, and is preferably set to, for example, 30 seconds or more.
- the length of the preliminary drying device 14 needs to be increased in order to increase the heating time by the preliminary drying device 14. In this case, a manufacturing apparatus will be enlarged.
- the production capacity of the membrane-catalyst layer assembly is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately set the heating time by the preliminary drying device 14 with these points in mind.
- the main drying device 15 is disposed so as to surround the polymer film 10 on the downstream side in the transport direction X from the preliminary drying device 14.
- the main drying device 15 is a device that heats and drys the catalyst ink dried by the preliminary drying device 14 from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1. By the drying by the main drying device 15, the solvent of the catalyst ink is completely dried to form the catalyst layer 4a (or 4b).
- a convection hot air drying device can be used as the main drying device 15.
- the heating temperature by the main drying device 15 is preferably the same as or higher than the heating temperature by the preliminary drying device 14. Thereby, even if the solvent of the catalyst ink cannot be sufficiently dried by the heating by the preliminary drying device 14, the drying of the catalyst ink by the heating by the main drying device 15 can be promoted. Thereby, generation
- the ratio of the heating temperature by the main drying device 15 to the heating temperature by the preliminary drying device 14 is preferably 1.0 to 2.0.
- the heating temperature by the preliminary drying device 14 is preferably 50 ° C. to 70 ° C.
- the heating temperature by the main drying device 15 is preferably 50 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- the drying device 15 since the drying device 15 directly dries the catalyst ink, the drying device 15 has a drying capacity superior to that of the preliminary device 14 that indirectly heats the catalyst ink through the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 or the like. For this reason, when the heating temperature by the main drying device 15 and the heating temperature by the preliminary drying device 14 are the same or higher, the heating time by the main drying device 15 is preferably the same as or longer than the heating time by the preliminary drying device 14. . That is, it is preferable that the heat amount of the main drying device 15 is the same as or larger than the heat amount of the preliminary drying device 14.
- the ratio of the heat amount of the main drying device 15 to the heat amount of the preliminary drying device 14 is preferably 1.0 to 25.5. Further, the ratio of the heat amount of the main drying device 15 to the heat amount of the preliminary drying device 14 is more preferably 1.0 to 12.0, and further preferably 1.0 to 5.3.
- the first shape retaining film 2 is attached to the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to produce the polymer film 10a shown in FIG. 2 (first film attaching step).
- the polymer film 10a shown in FIG. 2 is wound around the supply roll 11, and the polymer film 10a is set so as to be suspended on the backup roll 12 and wound up on the take-up roll 16 as shown in FIG.
- a motor (not shown) of the winding roll 16 is driven to continuously feed the polymer film 10 a from the supply roll 11 toward the winding roll 16.
- the catalyst ink is discharged from the supply pump P through the die 13 onto the polymer film 10 a positioned on the backup roll 12 by the feeding operation. As a result, the catalyst ink is applied to the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 (catalyst application step).
- the polymer film 10a coated with the catalyst ink sent to the upper side of the preliminary drying device 14 by the feeding operation is heated by the preliminary drying device 14.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is heated from the second surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to dry the catalyst ink, and the swelling of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is restored (first drying step).
- the polymer film 10 a coated with the catalyst ink sent into the main drying device 15 by the feeding operation is heated by the main drying device 15.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is heated from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to dry the catalyst ink, thereby forming the catalyst layer 4a as shown in FIG. Drying step).
- the polymer film 10b shown in FIG. 3 is wound around the winding roll 16 by continuously performing the feeding operation.
- the second shape retaining film 3 is attached to the second surface of the polymer film 10b shown in FIG. 3 wound around the take-up roll 16 (second film attaching step).
- the first shape-retaining film 2 is peeled from the polymer film 10c shown in FIG. 4 to create the polymer film 10d shown in FIG. 5 (first film peeling step).
- the polymer film 10 d shown in FIG. 5 is wound around the supply roll 11, and the polymer film 10 d is set so as to be suspended on the backup roll 12 and wound up on the take-up roll 16 as shown in FIG.
- the polymer film 10 d is set so that the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is exposed to the die 13. That is, the polymer film 10 is set so that the second surface of the polymer film 10 d faces the die 13 and the first surface of the polymer film 10 d faces the predrying device 14.
- a motor (not shown) of the winding roll 16 is driven to continuously feed the polymer film 10 d from the supply roll 11 toward the winding roll 16.
- the catalyst ink is discharged from the supply pump P through the die 13 onto the polymer film 10d positioned on the backup roll 12 by the feeding operation. Thereby, catalyst ink is apply
- the polymer film 10 d coated with the catalyst ink sent to the upper side of the preliminary drying device 14 by the feeding operation is heated by the preliminary drying device 14.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is heated from the second surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to dry the catalyst ink, and the swelling of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is restored (third drying step).
- the polymer film 10 d coated with the catalyst ink sent into the main drying device 15 by the feeding operation is heated by the main drying device 15.
- the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is heated from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to dry the catalyst ink, thereby forming the catalyst layer 4b as shown in FIG. Drying step).
- the polymer film 10e shown in FIG. 6 is wound around the winding roll 16 by continuously performing the feeding operation.
- the membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to this embodiment can be manufactured by peeling the second shape retaining film 3 from the polymer film 10e shown in FIG.
- the catalyst ink applied to the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is heated and dried from the second surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 can be sufficiently restored.
- the catalyst ink is dried by heating from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1. Therefore, a membrane-catalyst layer assembly in which generation of wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane is suppressed can be obtained.
- the predrying device 14 is disposed downstream of the die 13 for discharging the catalyst ink in the transport direction X, so that the polymer electrolyte membrane
- the catalyst ink applied to the first surface of one can be heated and dried from the second surface side of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to sufficiently restore the swelling generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the main drying device 15 is arranged downstream of the preliminary drying device 14 in the transport direction X, it is generated in the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the catalyst ink can be heated and dried from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 in a state where the swell is restored. As a result, a membrane-catalyst layer assembly in which generation of wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane is suppressed can be obtained.
- the apparatus for drying by heating from both the first surface and the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 is used as the main drying device 15, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the main drying device 15 a device that dries only the surface opposite to the surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 to be dried by the preliminary drying device 14 may be used.
- the main drying device 15 may be an induction heating type or electromagnetic heating type heating device, a hot plate, a far infrared heater, or the like. Even in such an apparatus, since the catalyst ink is directly dried, the apparatus has a drying capacity superior to that of the preliminary apparatus 14 that indirectly heats the catalyst ink via the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 or the like.
- the preliminary drying device 14 is provided separately.
- the backup roll 12 may have the function of the preliminary drying device 14. In this case, the necessity of providing the preliminary drying device 14 can be eliminated. Further, when the backup roll 12 is provided with a heating function and the predrying device 14 is provided, the swelling of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 can be quickly restored, and the manufacturing apparatus can be downsized. .
- Table 1 shows the thickness variation of each catalyst layer formed by changing the time required for the preliminary drying step and the main drying step.
- a hot plate was used as the preliminary drying device 14, and convection hot air drying was used as the main drying device 15.
- the heating temperature of the preliminary drying device 14 was 60 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the main drying device 15 was 90 ° C.
- the total heating time of the preliminary drying device 14 and the main drying device 15 was 180 seconds.
- the catalyst ink for forming the catalyst layer 4a on the first surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 the following was used. That is, after adding 10 g of ion-exchanged water to 5 g of carbon black having an average particle diameter of 50 to 60 nm carrying 50% by weight of platinum having an average particle diameter of 3 nm, 10 g of an ethanol solution containing 91% by weight of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid is added. The catalyst ink mixed while applying ultrasonic vibration was used.
- the catalyst ink for forming the catalyst layer 4b on the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1 the following was used. That is, after adding 15 g of ion-exchanged water to 5 g of carbon black having an average particle diameter of 50 to 60 nm carrying 50 wt% of an alloy of platinum and ruthenium having an average particle diameter of 2 to 3 nm, 91% by weight of perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid is contained. 10 g of an ethanol solution was added, and the catalyst ink mixed while applying ultrasonic vibration was used.
- the thickness variation of the catalyst layer 4a is almost the same regardless of whether or not the preliminary drying step is performed. This is considered to be because wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane were suppressed by attaching the first shape retaining film 2 to the second surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane 1.
- the method and apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst layer assembly according to the present invention can further suppress the occurrence of wrinkles and pinholes in the polymer electrolyte membrane. It is useful as a manufacturing method and apparatus for a membrane-catalyst layer assembly provided in a fuel cell used as a driving source for a home cogeneration system or the like.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献1の技術では、触媒と溶剤を含む触媒インクを高分子電解質膜上に印刷又は塗布し、室温で放置して乾燥している。特に、高分子電解質膜の一方の面に第2触媒層を形成するときに、高分子電解質膜にシワやピンホールが発生し易くなり、シワやピンホールを抑える効果は十分ではない。
本発明の第1態様によれば、燃料電池用の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法であって、
高分子電解質膜の一方の面に触媒インクを塗布する触媒塗布工程と、
前記電解質膜の他方の面側から前記電解質膜を加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥する第1乾燥工程と、
前記第1乾燥工程後に、前記電解質膜を当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の一方の面に触媒層を形成する第2乾燥工程と、
を含む、膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法を提供する。
前記電解質膜の一方の面側から前記電解質膜を加熱して前記第2触媒インクを乾燥する第3乾燥工程と、
前記第3乾燥工程後に、前記電解質膜を当該高分子電解質膜の他方の面側から加熱して前記第2触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の他方の面に第2触媒層を形成する第4乾燥工程と、
をさらに有する、第1態様に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法を提供する。
前記第2触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の一方の面に第2形状保持フィルムを貼り付ける第2フィルム貼付工程と、
前記第2フィルム貼付工程の後で且つ前記第2触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の他方の面から前記第1形状保持フィルムを剥離する第1フィルム剥離工程と、
をさらに含む、第4又は5態様に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法を提供する。
高分子電解質膜を搬送方向に搬送する搬送装置と、
高分子電解質膜の一方の面に触媒インクを塗布する触媒塗布装置と、
前記触媒塗布装置よりも前記搬送方向の下流側に配置され、前記触媒インクを塗布された前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の他方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥する第1乾燥装置と、
前記第1乾燥装置よりも前記搬送方向の下流側に配置され、前記第1乾燥装置を通過した前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の一方の面に触媒層を形成する第2乾燥装置と、
を有する、膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置を提供する。
以下、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1は、本発明の実施形態にかかる膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置の概略構成を示す図である。本実施形態にかかる膜-触媒層接合体は、例えば、自動車などの移動体、分散発電システム、家庭用のコージェネレーションシステムなどの駆動源として使用される燃料電池に用いられるものである。
2 第1形状保持フィルム
3 第2形状保持フィルム
4a,4b 触媒層
10 高分子フィルム
11 供給ロール
12 バックアップロール
13 ダイ
14 予備乾燥装置(第1乾燥装置)
15 本乾燥装置(第2乾燥装置)
16 巻取りロール
P 供給ポンプ
Claims (12)
- 燃料電池用の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法であって、
高分子電解質膜の一方の面に触媒インクを塗布する触媒塗布工程と、
前記電解質膜の他方の面側から前記電解質膜を加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥する第1乾燥工程と、
前記第1乾燥工程後に、前記電解質膜を当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の一方の面に触媒層を形成する第2乾燥工程と、
を含む、膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。 - 前記第2乾燥工程は、前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱することに加えて他方の面側からも加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の一方の面に触媒層を形成する工程である、請求項1に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。
- 前記触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の他方の面に形状保持フィルムを貼り付けるフィルム貼付工程をさらに含む、請求項1又は2に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第2乾燥工程後に、前記電解質膜の他方の面に第2触媒インクを塗布する第2触媒塗布工程と、
前記電解質膜の一方の面側から前記電解質膜を加熱して前記第2触媒インクを乾燥する第3乾燥工程と、
前記第3乾燥工程後に、前記電解質膜を当該高分子電解質膜の他方の面側から加熱して前記第2触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の他方の面に第2触媒層を形成する第4乾燥工程と、
をさらに有する、請求項1に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。 - 前記第4乾燥工程は、前記電解質膜を当該高分子電解質膜の他方の面側から加熱することに加えて一方の面側からも加熱して前記2触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の他方の面に第2触媒層を形成する工程である、請求項4に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第1触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の他方の面に第1形状保持フィルムを貼り付ける第1フィルム貼付工程と、
前記第2触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の一方の面に第2形状保持フィルムを貼り付ける第2フィルム貼付工程と、
前記第2フィルム貼付工程の後で且つ前記第2触媒塗布工程の前に、前記電解質膜の他方の面から前記第1形状保持フィルムを剥離する第1フィルム剥離工程と、
をさらに含む、請求項4又は5に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。 - 前記第2乾燥工程において前記電解質膜に加える熱量は、前記第1乾燥工程において前記電解質膜に加える熱量よりも大きい、請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。
- 前記第2乾燥工程における前記電解質膜への加熱温度は、前記第1乾燥工程における前記電解質膜への加熱温度よりも高い、請求項1~6のいずれか1つに記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造方法。
- 燃料電池用の膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置であって、
高分子電解質膜を搬送方向に搬送する搬送装置と、
高分子電解質膜の一方の面に触媒インクを塗布する触媒塗布装置と、
前記触媒塗布装置よりも前記搬送方向の下流側に配置され、前記触媒インクを塗布された前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の他方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥する第1乾燥装置と、
前記第1乾燥装置よりも前記搬送方向の下流側に配置され、前記第1乾燥装置を通過した前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥し、前記電解質膜の一方の面に触媒層を形成する第2乾燥装置と、
を有する、膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置。 - 前記第2乾燥装置は、前記第1乾燥装置を通過した前記電解質膜を、当該高分子電解質膜の一方の面側から加熱すると共に他方の面側からも加熱して前記触媒インクを乾燥する、請求項9に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置。
- 前記第2乾燥装置が前記電解質膜に加える熱量は、前記第1乾燥装置が前記電解質膜に加える熱量よりも大きい、請求項9又は10に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置。
- 前記第2乾燥装置の加熱温度は、前記第1乾燥装置の加熱温度よりも高い、請求項9又は10に記載の膜-触媒層接合体の製造装置。
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