WO2011070925A1 - 電気二重層キャパシタ - Google Patents
電気二重層キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011070925A1 WO2011070925A1 PCT/JP2010/071123 JP2010071123W WO2011070925A1 WO 2011070925 A1 WO2011070925 A1 WO 2011070925A1 JP 2010071123 W JP2010071123 W JP 2010071123W WO 2011070925 A1 WO2011070925 A1 WO 2011070925A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- double layer
- electric double
- fluorine
- layer capacitor
- electrolyte salt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- -1 sulfolane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F JOROOXPAFHWVRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methyl)azanium Chemical class CC[N+](C)(CC)CC SEACXNRNJAXIBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical class CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 53
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 13
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 10
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1COC(=O)O1 GKZFQPGIDVGTLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017008 AsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005011 alkyl ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)CC(C)(C)C1 HJOVHMDZYOCNQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CC(C)S(=O)(=O)C1 WKFQMDFSDQFAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEKLDGQKEZAPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(ethylamino)-1-(3-methylphenyl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCNC(C)C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C)=C1 GEKLDGQKEZAPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 GDTSJMKGXGJFGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylthiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound CC1CCS(=O)(=O)C1 CMJLMPKFQPJDKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUZHZBFVQSUQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetrafluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1(F)OC(=O)OC1(F)F VUZHZBFVQSUQDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRJXZTRTJWAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5-trifluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1(F)F CRJXZTRTJWAKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016467 AlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPDYZBOAGVJKOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(C)[N+](C)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C Chemical compound B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(C)[N+](C)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)C CPDYZBOAGVJKOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTDFMIFVMDINQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC Chemical compound B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].B([O-])([O-])[O-].C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC.C(C)[N+](CC)(CC)CC KTDFMIFVMDINQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013131 LiN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NClO Chemical compound NClO PHXQIAWFIIMOKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KPHGPGZVOHOUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.[F] Chemical class S1(=O)(=O)CCCC1.[F] KPHGPGZVOHOUNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMGNOQUKCGLETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid 1,2-difluoroethene Chemical compound C(O)(O)=O.FC=CF PMGNOQUKCGLETL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical class CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC BXHHZLMBMOBPEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AEHVMUMGWLAZNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC(C)C AEHVMUMGWLAZNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/60—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solvent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/62—Liquid electrolytes characterised by the solute, e.g. salts, anions or cations therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor and an electric double layer capacitor using the same.
- a solvent for dissolving an electrolyte salt of an electric double layer capacitor in which at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode is a polarizable electrode can be used stably with a withstand voltage of 3 V or more.
- ethylene carbonate and an oxidation potential (withstand voltage) The combined use with propylene carbonate, which is a high cyclic carbonate, has been proposed (Patent Document 1), and the limit of the withstand voltage is limited to about 2.7V.
- Patent Document 2 proposes to use a non-aqueous solvent containing sulfolane or a derivative thereof and a specific chain carbonate (chain carbonate).
- JP 2000-208372 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-306591
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric double layer capacitor having high withstand voltage, little deterioration, and excellent long-term reliability.
- the present invention includes an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent (I) and an electrolyte salt (II), and the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent (I) includes a sulfolane compound (Ia) and a fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib).
- the present invention relates to a characteristic electrolyte for an electric double layer capacitor.
- the present invention also relates to an electric double layer capacitor containing the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- an electric double layer capacitor having a high withstand voltage and excellent long-term reliability can be provided.
- the withstand voltage is high, the accumulated energy capacity is also increased, and an electric double layer capacitor having a high energy capacity can be provided.
- the electrolytic solution for an electric double layer capacitor of the present invention contains a specific mixed solvent (I) for dissolving an electrolyte salt and an electrolyte salt (II).
- the specific solvent for dissolving electrolyte salt used in the present invention contains a sulfolane compound (Ia) and a fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib).
- the sulfolane compound (Ia) may be a non-fluorine sulfolane compound or a fluorine-containing sulfolane compound.
- non-fluorine sulfolane compounds in addition to sulfolane, for example (Wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) and the like.
- fluorine-containing sulfolane compound examples include fluorine-containing sulfolane compounds described in JP-A No. 2003-132994, and among them, Are preferred.
- sulfolane, 3-methylsulfolane, and 2,4-dimethylsulfolane having excellent oxidation resistance and high decomposition voltage are preferable, and sulfolane is particularly preferable.
- fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib) examples include JP-A-8-37024, JP-A-9-97627, JP-A-11-26015, JP-A-2000-294281, and JP-A-2001-52737. Examples thereof include compounds described in JP-A-11-307123.
- the fluorine-containing chain ether is the formula (Ib): Rf 1 -O-Rf 2 (Rf 1 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and Rf 2 is an alkyl group that may contain a fluorine atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms) And a fluorine-containing chain ether represented by the formula:
- Rf 1 is a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- Rf 2 is an alkyl group that may contain a fluorine atom having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- a fluorine-containing chain ether represented by the formula:
- the oxidation resistance is excellent and the compatibility with the electrolyte salt is particularly excellent.
- Rf 1 for example, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, C 2 F 5 CH 2 —, CF 3 CFHCF 2
- Fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms such as CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF (CF 3 ) CH 2 —, C 2 F 5 CH 2 CH 2 —, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 —, etc., preferably 3 carbon atoms -6-containing fluorine-containing alkyl groups can be exemplified, and examples of Rf 2 include non-fluorine alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms: —CF 2 CF 2 H, —CF 2 CFHCF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CF 2 Preferred examples include fluorine-containing alkyl groups having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as H, —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —
- Rf 1 is preferably a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms
- Rf 2 is particularly preferably a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of good ion conductivity.
- fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib) include, for example, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 ,
- One or more types such as CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CFHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CFHCF 3 can be exemplified, and among them, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 and CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H have high decomposition voltage and low temperature characteristics It is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of maintenance of the above.
- the solvent for dissolving the electrolyte salt used in the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is only a combination of the sulfolane compound (Ia) and the fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib), and can improve the withstand voltage of the capacitor and reduce the internal resistance. Furthermore, long-term reliability (for example, high temperature load characteristics, charge / discharge cycle characteristics) can be improved, but if necessary, other solvents such as cyclic carbonate (Ic) and chain carbonate (Id) can be blended. Also good.
- the cyclic carbonate (Ic) may be a non-fluorine cyclic carbonate or a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate.
- non-fluorine cyclic carbonates examples include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), and vinylene carbonate.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- vinylene carbonate examples include vinylene carbonate.
- propylene carbonate (PC) is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing internal resistance and maintaining low temperature characteristics.
- fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate examples include mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-fluoroethylene carbonate and trifluoromethylethylene carbonate. Of these, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the withstand voltage of the capacitor.
- the chain carbonate (Id) may be a non-fluorine chain carbonate or a fluorine-containing chain carbonate.
- Non-fluorine chain carbonates include dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl isopropylene carbonate (MIPC), ethyl isopropyl carbonate (EIPC), 2,2,2-trifluoro Examples thereof include ethyl methyl carbonate (TFEMC).
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- MIPC methyl isopropylene carbonate
- EIPC ethyl isopropyl carbonate
- TFEMC 2,2,2-trifluoro Examples thereof include ethyl methyl carbonate (TFEMC).
- dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is preferred from the viewpoint of reducing internal resistance and maintaining low temperature characteristics.
- Rf 1a represents the formula: (Wherein X 1a and X 2a are the same or different H or F), and are preferably a fluoroalkyl group or an alkyl group having a terminal and preferably a fluorine content of 10 to 76% by mass, preferably An alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- Rf 2a is a chain represented by the above-mentioned formula or a fluoroalkyl group having —CF 3 at its terminal and preferably having a fluorine content of 10 to 76% by mass Carbonate;
- Rf 2b is a fluorine-containing ether group having a fluorine content of 10 to 76% by mass or A fluorine-containing chain carbonate represented by a fluorine-containing alkyl group
- Rf 1d and Rf 2d are H (CF 2 ) 2 CH 2 —, FCH 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, H (CF 2 ) 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 —, CF 3 CH 2 CH 2 —, CF 3 CF (CF 3 ) CH 2 CH 2 —, C 3 F 7 OCF (CF 3 ) CH 2 —, CF 3 OCF (CF 3 ) CH 2 —, CF 3 OCF 2 —, etc.
- a chain carbonate combined with a fluorine group is preferred.
- fluorine-containing chain carbonates the following are preferable from the viewpoint of reducing internal resistance and maintaining low temperature characteristics.
- solvents that can be blended include Fluorine-containing cyclic ether such as
- Fluorine-containing cyclic ether such as
- fluorinated lactones such as: nitrile solvents, furans, oxolanes and the like.
- the proportion of the sulfolane compound (Ia) in the solvent for dissolving the electrolyte salt is 100% by volume or less, more preferably 90% by volume or less, particularly 75% by volume or less and preferably 10% by volume or more. When in this range, the withstand voltage is maintained and the effect of reducing internal resistance is excellent.
- the proportion of the fluorinated chain ether (Ib) in the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent is 90% by volume or less, more preferably 80% by volume or less, particularly 75% by volume or less, and preferably 5% by volume or more. When in this range, the withstand voltage is maintained and the effect of reducing internal resistance is excellent.
- the total proportion of the sulfolane compound (Ia) and the fluorine-containing chain ether (Ib) in the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent is preferably 50 to 100% by volume, more preferably 60 to 100% by volume, and particularly preferably 70 to 100% by volume.
- the blending amount of the other solvent in the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent is preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 30% by volume or less.
- electrolyte salt (II) usable in the present invention examples include conventionally known ammonium salts and metal salts, liquid salts (ionic liquids), inorganic polymer type salts, organic polymer type salts, and the like. .
- electrolyte salts are particularly suitable compounds depending on the intended use of the electrolytic solution.
- Suitable electrolyte salts for capacitors include ammonium salts, but are not limited to the specific examples illustrated, including ammonium salts. In applications other than capacitors, known electrolyte salts can be used as appropriate for the application.
- a suitable ammonium salt is exemplified as an electrolyte salt for a capacitor.
- the ammonium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- the anion X ⁇ may be an inorganic anion or an organic anion.
- the inorganic anion include AlCl 4 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , TaF 6 ⁇ , I ⁇ and SbF 6 ⁇ .
- the organic anion include CF 3 COO ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ and the like.
- BF 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , and SbF 6 ⁇ are preferable from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance and ion dissociation properties.
- anion X ⁇ is the same as (IIA).
- This spirobipyridinium salt is excellent in terms of solubility, oxidation resistance and ionic conductivity.
- imidazolium salt (IIC): imidazolium salt
- IIC imidazolium salt
- Preferred examples are imidazolium salts represented by the formula (wherein R 10 and R 11 are the same or different and both are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anion).
- the imidazolium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- anion X ⁇ is the same as (IIA).
- This imidazolium salt is excellent in that it has low viscosity and good solubility.
- N-alkylpyridinium salt Formula (IID): A preferred example is an N-alkylpyridinium salt represented by the formula (wherein R 12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anion).
- R 12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anion.
- the N-alkylpyridinium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable from the viewpoint of improving oxidation resistance.
- anion X ⁇ is the same as (IIA).
- This N-alkylpyridinium salt is excellent in that it has low viscosity and good solubility.
- N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salt Preferred examples include N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salts represented by the formula (wherein R 13 and R 14 are the same or different and both are alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is an anion). Further, the oxidation resistance of the N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salt in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with a fluorine atom and / or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is improved. It is preferable from the point.
- anion X ⁇ is the same as (IIA).
- This N, N-dialkylpyrrolidinium salt is excellent in that it has low viscosity and good solubility.
- (IIA), (IIB) and (IIC) are preferable in terms of good solubility, oxidation resistance and ionic conductivity, (In the formula, Me is a methyl group; Et is an ethyl group; X, x, and y are the same as in the formula (IIA-1)). Is preferred.
- lithium salt as electrolyte salt.
- the lithium salt for example LiPF 6, LiBF 4, LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6, LiN (SO 2 C 2 H 5) 2 is preferred.
- a magnesium salt may be used to improve the capacity.
- the magnesium salt for example, Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 , Mg (OOC 2 H 5 ) 2 and the like are preferable.
- spirobipyridinium tetraborate triethylmethylammonium tetraborate or tetraethylammonium tetraborate is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining low temperature characteristics.
- the concentration of electrolyte salt (II) varies depending on the required current density, application, type of electrolyte salt, etc., but 0.3 mol / liter or more, further 0.5 mol / liter or more, especially 0.8 mol / liter. Thus, it is preferably 3.6 mol / liter or less, more preferably 2.0 mol / liter or less, and particularly preferably 1.6 mol / liter or less.
- the electrolytic solution used in the present invention is prepared by dissolving the electrolyte salt (II) in the solvent (I) for dissolving the electrolyte salt.
- the electrolytic solution may be a gel (plasticized) gel electrolytic solution in combination with a polymer material that dissolves or swells in the solvent used in the electrolytic solution of the present invention.
- Examples of such a polymer material include conventionally known polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, modified products thereof (JP-A-8-222270 and JP-A-2002-1000040); polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylonitrile, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Fluororesins such as vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-506726, Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-507407, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-294131); Examples thereof include composites with resins (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 11-35765 and 11-86630).
- ion conductive compounds described in JP-A-2006-114401 can also be used.
- This ion conductive compound has the formula (1-1): P- (D) -Q (1-1) [Wherein D represents the formula (2-1): -(D1) n- (FAE) m- (AE) p- (Y) q- (2-1) (In the formula, D1 represents the formula (2a): (Wherein, Rf is crosslinkable functional group a fluorine-containing ether group which may have; R 15 is a group or a bond that binds the Rf main chain) ether having a fluorine-containing ether group in the side chain represented by unit; FAE is represented by formula (2b): (Wherein, Rfa is hydrogen atom, a crosslinkable functional group which may have a fluorine-containing alkyl group; R 16 is a group or a bond that binds the Rfa main chain) a fluorine-containing alkyl group in its side chain represented by Ether units having: AE is the formula (2c): (In the formula, R 17 has a hydrogen
- R 18 is an ether unit represented by R 17 and a group or a bond which bonds the main chain
- Y represents the formulas (2d-1) to (2d-3): A unit comprising at least one of n is an integer of 0 to 200; m is an integer of 0 to 200; p is an integer of 0 to 10000; q is an integer of 1 to 100; provided that n + m is not 0, and the bonding order of D1, FAE, AE and Y is Not specified); P and Q are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom and / or an alkyl group which may contain a crosslinkable functional group, a phenyl group which may contain a fluorine atom and / or a crosslinkable functional group, -COOH A group, —OR 19 (R 19 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom and / or an alkyl group which may contain a crosslinkable functional group), an
- the electrolyte used in the present invention may contain other additives as necessary.
- other additives include metal oxides and glass.
- the electrolyte used in the present invention does not freeze at low temperatures (for example, 0 ° C. or ⁇ 20 ° C.) and the electrolyte salt does not precipitate.
- the viscosity at 0 ° C. is preferably 100 mPa ⁇ sec or less, more preferably 30 mPa ⁇ sec or less, and particularly preferably 15 mPa ⁇ sec or less.
- the viscosity at ⁇ 20 ° C. is preferably 100 mPa ⁇ sec or less, more preferably 40 mPa ⁇ sec or less, and particularly preferably 15 mPa ⁇ sec or less.
- Such an electrolytic solution can simultaneously improve the flame retardancy, the solubility of the electrolyte salt, and the compatibility with the hydrocarbon solvent, and can maintain low temperature characteristics, and further exceeds 3.5 V, and further 4. Since stable characteristics are obtained at a withstand voltage exceeding 0 V, it is excellent as an electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitors.
- At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a polarizable electrode, and the following electrodes described in detail in JP-A-9-7896 are used as the polarizable electrode and the nonpolarizable electrode. it can.
- the polarizable electrode mainly composed of activated carbon used in the present invention preferably contains non-activated carbon having a large specific surface area and a conductive agent such as carbon black imparting electronic conductivity.
- the polarizable electrode can be formed by various methods.
- a polarizable electrode composed of activated carbon and carbon black can be formed by mixing activated carbon powder, carbon black, and a phenolic resin, and firing and activating in an inert gas atmosphere and a water vapor atmosphere after press molding.
- the polarizable electrode is joined to the current collector with a conductive adhesive or the like.
- activated carbon powder, carbon black, and a binder can be kneaded in the presence of alcohol, formed into a sheet, and dried to form a polarizable electrode.
- a polarizable electrode For example, polytetrafluoroethylene is used as the binder.
- activated carbon powder, carbon black, binder and solvent may be mixed to form a slurry, and this slurry may be coated on a metal foil of a current collector and dried to form a polarizable electrode integrated with the current collector. it can.
- An electric double layer capacitor may be formed by using a polarizable electrode mainly composed of activated carbon for both electrodes, but a configuration using a non-polarizable electrode on one side, for example, a positive electrode mainly composed of a battery active material such as a metal oxide, and activated carbon
- a positive electrode mainly composed of a battery active material such as a metal oxide e.g., a battery active material such as a metal oxide
- activated carbon e.g., a positive electrode mainly composed of a battery active material such as a metal oxide
- a combination with a polar electrode is also possible.
- carbonaceous materials such as carbon black, graphite, expanded graphite, porous carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanohorn, and ketjen black may be used instead of or in combination with activated carbon.
- the non-polarizable electrode is preferably composed mainly of a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions, and an electrode obtained by occluding lithium ions in this carbon material is used as the electrode.
- a lithium salt is used as the electrolyte. According to the electric double layer capacitor having this configuration, a higher withstand voltage exceeding 4 V can be obtained.
- Solvents used for preparing the slurry for electrode preparation are preferably those that dissolve the binder.
- Dimethyl acid, ethanol, methanol, butanol or water is appropriately selected.
- Examples of the activated carbon used for the polarizable electrode include phenol resin activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon, and petroleum coke activated carbon. Among these, it is preferable to use petroleum coke activated carbon or phenol resin activated carbon in that a large capacity can be obtained.
- Activated carbon activation treatment methods include a steam activation treatment method, a molten KOH activation treatment method, and the like, and it is preferable to use activated carbon obtained by a molten KOH activation treatment method in terms of obtaining a larger capacity.
- Preferred conductive agents used for the polarizable electrode include carbon black, ketjen black, acetylene black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, metal fiber, conductive titanium oxide, and ruthenium oxide.
- the mixing amount of the conductive agent such as carbon black used for the polarizable electrode is so as to obtain good conductivity (low internal resistance), and if it is too large, the product capacity is reduced. It is preferable to set it as 50 mass%.
- activated carbon As the activated carbon used for the polarizable electrode, activated carbon having an average particle size of 20 ⁇ m or less and a specific surface area of 1500 to 3000 m 2 / g is used so that an electric double layer capacitor having a large capacity and a low internal resistance can be obtained.
- Preferred carbon materials for constituting an electrode mainly composed of a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions include natural graphite, artificial graphite, graphitized mesocarbon spherules, graphitized whiskers, gas layers. Examples thereof include a baked product of grown carbon fiber, furfuryl alcohol resin, and a baked product of novolac resin.
- the current collector may be any material that is chemically and electrochemically resistant to corrosion.
- As the current collector of the polarizable electrode mainly composed of activated carbon stainless steel, aluminum, titanium or tantalum can be preferably used. Of these, stainless steel or aluminum is a particularly preferable material in terms of both characteristics and cost of the electric double layer capacitor to be obtained.
- As a current collector of an electrode mainly composed of a carbon material capable of reversibly inserting and extracting lithium ions stainless steel, copper or nickel is preferably used.
- lithium ions In order to store lithium ions in a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions in advance, (1) mixing powdered lithium with carbon materials capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions. (2) A lithium foil is placed on an electrode formed of a carbon material capable of reversibly occluding and releasing lithium ions and a binder, and the lithium salt is placed in contact with the electrode.
- an electric double layer capacitor As an electric double layer capacitor, a wound type electric double layer capacitor, a laminate type electric double layer capacitor, a coin type electric double layer capacitor, etc. are generally known, and the electric double layer capacitor of the present invention is also of these types. Can do.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode made of a laminate (electrode) of a current collector and an electrode layer are wound through a separator to produce a wound element, and this wound element is made of aluminum, etc. And filled with an electrolytic solution, preferably a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, and then sealed with a rubber sealing body to be assembled.
- separator conventionally known materials and configurations can be used in the present invention.
- a polyethylene porous film, polypropylene fiber, glass fiber, cellulose fiber non-woven fabric and the like can be mentioned.
- a laminate type electric double layer capacitor in which a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via an electrolytic solution and a separator, or a positive electrode and a negative electrode are made coin-type by fixing with a gasket and an electrolytic solution and a separator.
- a configured coin type electric double layer capacitor can also be used.
- the electrolytic solution in the present invention is also useful as an electrolytic solution for electrochemical devices including various electrolytic solutions.
- Electrochemical devices include lithium secondary batteries, radical batteries, solar cells (especially dye-sensitized solar cells), fuel cells, various electrochemical sensors, electrochromic elements, electrochemical switching elements, aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum electrolytic capacitors
- a lithium secondary battery is particularly suitable. In addition, it can be used as an ionic conductor of an antistatic coating material.
- Example 1 100 parts by weight of activated carbon particles (YP50F manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd., specific surface area: 1600 m 2 / g, average particle size 6 ⁇ m), 3 acetylene black (Denka Black manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a conductive aid Parts by weight, 16 parts by weight of Ketjen Black (carbon ECP600JD manufactured by Lion Corporation), 6 parts by weight of elastomer binder (AZ-9001 manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.), surfactant (manufactured by Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) A10H) was mixed to prepare an electrode slurry.
- activated carbon particles YP50F manufactured by Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd., specific surface area: 1600 m 2 / g, average particle size 6 ⁇ m
- 3 acetylene black Diska Black manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Ketjen Black
- Edged aluminum (20CB manufactured by Nihon Densetsu Kogyo Co., Ltd., thickness of about 20 ⁇ m) is prepared as a current collector, and a conductive paint (manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industry Co., Ltd.) is used on both sides of the current collector using a coating device.
- a bunny height T602 was applied to form a conductive layer (thickness: 2 ⁇ m).
- the electrode slurry prepared above was applied to the conductive layer formed on both sides of the current collector using a coating apparatus to form an electrode layer (thickness: 110 ⁇ m), thereby producing an electrode.
- the current collector, the conductive layer, and the activated carbon layer are collectively referred to as an electrode.
- the electrode prepared above was cut to a width of 31 mm, and then wound together with a separator made by cutting TF45-30 from Nippon Kogyo Paper Industries Co., Ltd. to a width of 34 mm with a winding machine for EDLC. At that time, a tab lead for electrode drawing was connected by caulking to the electrode to produce a cylindrical wound body having a diameter of 16 mm.
- the cylindrical winding body is inserted into the cylindrical aluminum case in a dry chamber, and then the following electrolyte is injected and the rubber packing is inserted.
- a wound cell type ( ⁇ 18 mm ⁇ 40 mm) electric double layer capacitor was produced.
- Sulfolane, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 65/15/20 to prepare an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent.
- Spirobipyridinium triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF 4 ) was added to this electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter, and it was uniformly dissolved.
- Capacitance retention rate (%) (capacitance at each time / capacitance before start of evaluation (initial)) ⁇ 100
- the capacitance retention after 500 hours is 70% or more and the internal resistance increase rate is 400% or less, which is excellent in load characteristics at high temperature (70 ° C.). It has excellent cycle characteristics and rate performance in use, and has long-term reliability.
- Example 2 Sulfolane, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 65/15/20 to prepare an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent. Triethylmethylammonium (TEMABF 4 ) was added to the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter. Using the obtained solution as an electrolytic solution, various tests were performed on a wound cell type electric double layer capacitor produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- TEMABF 4 Triethylmethylammonium
- Example 3 A solvent for dissolving an electrolyte salt was prepared by mixing sulfolane and HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H at a volume ratio of 75/25.
- SBPBF4 spirobipyridinium tetrafluoroborate
- Example 4 A solvent for dissolving an electrolyte salt was prepared by mixing sulfolane and HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H at a volume ratio of 75/25. When triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEMABF4) was added to the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter, it was dissolved uniformly. Using the obtained solution as an electrolytic solution, various tests were performed on a wound cell type electric double layer capacitor produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- TEMABF4 triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
- Example 5 Sulfolane, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and ethyl methyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 65/15/20 to prepare an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent. Triethylmethylammonium (TEMABF 4 ) was added to the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter. Using the obtained solution as an electrolytic solution, various tests were performed on a wound cell type electric double layer capacitor produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- TEMABF 4 Triethylmethylammonium
- Comparative Example 1 HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and propylene carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 20/80 to prepare an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent.
- Spirobipyridinium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF4) was added to the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter, and it was uniformly dissolved.
- SBPBF4 Spirobipyridinium tetrafluoroborate
- Comparative Example 2 A solvent for dissolving an electrolyte salt was prepared by mixing sulfolane and dimethyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 75/25. Spirobipyridinium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF4) was added to the electrolyte salt dissolving solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.2 mol / liter, and it was uniformly dissolved. Using the obtained solution as an electrolytic solution, various tests were performed on a wound cell type electric double layer capacitor produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 3 HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H and dimethyl carbonate were mixed at a volume ratio of 20/80 to prepare an electrolyte salt dissolving solvent.
- Spirobipyridinium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF4) was added to this electrolyte salt dissolving solvent, but it did not dissolve uniformly.
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Abstract
Description
Rf1-O-Rf2
(Rf1は炭素数が1~10のフルオロアルキル基、Rf2は炭素数1~4のフッ素原子を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)
で示される含フッ素鎖状エーテルがあげられる。上記式(Ib)において、Rf2が非フッ素系のアルキル基である場合に比して、Rf2が含フッ素アルキル基である場合、耐酸化性に優れ、電解質塩との相溶性に特に優れているほか、高い分解電圧をもつ点、凝固点が低いことから低温特性の維持ができる点で好ましい。
式:
式:
HCFX1c-
(式中、X1cはHまたはF)で示される部位を末端に有しかつフッ素含有率が10~76質量%である含フッ素エーテル基;R2cは水素原子がハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよく、ヘテロ原子を鎖中に含んでいてもよいアルキル基)で示される含フッ素鎖状カーボネートなどがあげられる。
式(IIA):
式(IIA-1):
式(IIA-2):
などがあげられる。アルキルエーテル基を導入することにより、粘性の低下が図れる。
式(IIB):
式(IIC):
式(IID):
が好ましい。
P-(D)-Q (1-1)
[式中、Dは式(2-1):
-(D1)n-(FAE)m-(AE)p-(Y)q- (2-1)
(式中、D1は、式(2a):
FAEは、式(2b):
AEは、式(2c):
Yは、式(2d-1)~(2d-3):
nは0~200の整数;mは0~200の整数;pは0~10000の整数;qは1~100の整数;ただしn+mは0ではなく、D1、FAE、AEおよびYの結合順序は特定されない);
PおよびQは同じかまたは異なり、水素原子、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基、フッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいフェニル基、-COOH基、-OR19(R19は水素原子またはフッ素原子および/または架橋性官能基を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)、エステル基またはカーボネート基(ただし、Dの末端が酸素原子の場合は-COOH基、-OR19、エステル基およびカーボネート基ではない)]で表される側鎖に含フッ素基を有する非晶性含フッ素ポリエーテル化合物である。
(電極の作製)
活性炭粒子(クラレケミカル(株)製のYP50F、比表面積:1600m2/g、平均粒径6μm)を100重量部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラック(電気化学工業(株)製のデンカブラック)を3重量部、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン(株)製のカーボンECP600JD)を16重量部、エラストマーバインダー(日本ゼオン(株)製のAZ-9001)を6重量部、界面活性剤(東亜合成(株)製のA10H)を3重量部混合して電極用スラリーを調製した。
上記作製した電極を31mm幅に切断した後、ニッポン高度紙工業(株)のTF45-30を34mm幅に切断して作製したセパレータと共にEDLC用捲回機により捲回した。その際、電極に電極引出し用のタブリードをカシメ接続して、直径16mmの円筒捲回体を作製した。
スルホランとHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hとジメチルカーボネートとを体積比65/15/20で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸スピロビピリジニウムトリエチルメチルアンモニウム(SBPBF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。
得られた電気二重層キャパシタについて、初期特性、耐電圧を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
キャパシタの捲回セルに電子電源を接続した後、捲回セルに定電流充電しながら規定電圧まで充電電圧を上昇させる。充電電圧が規定電圧に到達してから10分間定電圧状態を維持し、充電電流が十分に降下しかつ飽和状態になったことを確認した後、定電流放電を開始し、0.1秒毎にセル電圧を計測する。キャパシタの静電容量(F)および内部抵抗(mΩ)は、社団法人電子情報技術産業協会(JEITA)のRC2377の計測方法に従って計測する。
電源電圧:3.0および3.1V
放電電流:500mA(作製した捲回セルの実測静電容量は50F)
捲回セル型キャパシタを温度70℃の恒温槽中に入れ、電圧3.0V、3.1Vを500時間印加して静電容量と内部抵抗を測定する。測定時期は、初期(0時間)、157時間、337時間、500時間および1000時間とする。得られた測定値から、つぎの計算式に従って静電容量保持率(%)および内部抵抗上昇率(%)を算出した。結果を表1に示す。
スルホランとHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hとジメチルカーボネートとを体積比65/15/20で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒にトリエチルメチルアンモニウム(TEMABF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スルホランとHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hを体積比75/25で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸スピロビピリジニウム(SBPBF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スルホランとHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hを体積比75/25で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸トリエチルメチルアンモニウム(TEMABF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スルホランとHCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hとエチルメチルカーボネートとを体積比65/15/20で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒にトリエチルメチルアンモニウム(TEMABF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hとプロピレンカーボネートを体積比20/80で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸スピロビピリジニウム(SBPBF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
スルホランとジメチルカーボネートとを体積比75/25で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸スピロビピリジニウム(SBPBF4)を1.2モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。得られた溶液を電解液として用い、実施例1と同様にして作製した捲回セル型の電気二重層キャパシタについて各種の試験を行った。結果を表1に示す。
HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hとジメチルカーボネートを体積比20/80で混合して電解質塩溶解用溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用溶媒に4フッ化ホウ酸スピロビピリジニウム(SBPBF4)を加えたが、均一に溶解しなかった。
Claims (7)
- 電解質塩溶解用溶媒(I)と電解質塩(II)とを含み、電解質塩溶解用溶媒(I)がスルホラン化合物および含フッ素鎖状エーテルを含むことを特徴とする電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 前記スルホラン化合物が、スルホランである請求項1記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 前記含フッ素鎖状エーテルが、Rf1-O-Rf2(Rf1は炭素数が1~10のフルオロアルキル基、Rf2は炭素数1~4のフッ素を含んでいてもよいアルキル基)である請求項1記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 前記含フッ素鎖状エーテルが、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3、HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2H、CF3CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3およびCF3CF2CH2OCF2CF2Hよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 前記電解質塩溶解用溶媒(I)が、環状カーボネートおよび鎖状カーボネートよりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 前記電解質塩(II)が、スピロビピリジニウム塩、トリエチルメチルアンモニウム塩またはテトラエチルアンモニウム塩である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の電解液、ならびに正極および負極を備える電気二重層キャパシタ。
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EP10835847.4A EP2511923A4 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2010-11-26 | Electric double layer capacitor |
US13/514,848 US8767376B2 (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2010-11-26 | Electric double layer capacitor |
JP2011545171A JP5392355B2 (ja) | 2009-12-11 | 2010-11-26 | 電気二重層キャパシタ |
CN201080055323.0A CN102667984B (zh) | 2009-12-11 | 2010-11-26 | 双电层电容器 |
KR1020127014986A KR101375450B1 (ko) | 2009-12-11 | 2010-11-26 | 전기 이중층 캐패시터 |
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JP2013026519A (ja) * | 2011-07-22 | 2013-02-04 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液、電気二重層キャパシタ、及び、モジュール |
JP2015076531A (ja) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、及び、電気化学デバイス |
EP2833381A4 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-11-04 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals | ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES, ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR |
JPWO2015087963A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-03-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及び電気化学デバイス |
JP2022174210A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-11-22 | キョーセラ・エイブイエックス・コンポーネンツ・コーポレーション | 高温で使用されるウルトラキャパシタ |
WO2023190482A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 非水電解液、及び電気化学デバイス |
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EP2833381A4 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2015-11-04 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals | ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES, ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITOR |
US9583272B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2017-02-28 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Electrolyte solution for electrochemical devices, aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and electric double layer capacitor |
JP2015076531A (ja) * | 2013-10-09 | 2015-04-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液、及び、電気化学デバイス |
JPWO2015087963A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-12 | 2017-03-16 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及び電気化学デバイス |
JP2022174210A (ja) * | 2016-05-20 | 2022-11-22 | キョーセラ・エイブイエックス・コンポーネンツ・コーポレーション | 高温で使用されるウルトラキャパシタ |
JP7444940B2 (ja) | 2016-05-20 | 2024-03-06 | キョーセラ・エイブイエックス・コンポーネンツ・コーポレーション | 高温で使用されるウルトラキャパシタ |
WO2023190482A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 非水電解液、及び電気化学デバイス |
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EP2511923A4 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
JPWO2011070925A1 (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
JP5392355B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
KR101375450B1 (ko) | 2014-03-17 |
US20120243145A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2511923A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
TW201203299A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
CN102667984B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
CN102667984A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
US8767376B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
KR20120090095A (ko) | 2012-08-16 |
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