WO2011054178A1 - 紧凑型折叠电动车 - Google Patents

紧凑型折叠电动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011054178A1
WO2011054178A1 PCT/CN2010/001746 CN2010001746W WO2011054178A1 WO 2011054178 A1 WO2011054178 A1 WO 2011054178A1 CN 2010001746 W CN2010001746 W CN 2010001746W WO 2011054178 A1 WO2011054178 A1 WO 2011054178A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pedal
front pillar
frame
folding
compact
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/001746
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘岗
Original Assignee
Liu Gang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liu Gang filed Critical Liu Gang
Priority to CN2010800027362A priority Critical patent/CN102216149A/zh
Publication of WO2011054178A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011054178A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K3/00—Bicycles
    • B62K3/002—Bicycles without a seat, i.e. the rider operating the vehicle in a standing position, e.g. non-motorized scooters; non-motorized scooters with skis or runners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
    • B62J43/13—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion on rider-propelled cycles with additional electric propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
    • B62J43/20—Arrangements of batteries characterised by the mounting
    • B62J43/28—Arrangements of batteries characterised by the mounting hidden within the cycle frame
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
    • B62J45/00—Electrical equipment arrangements specially adapted for use as accessories on cycles, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K15/00—Collapsible or foldable cycles
    • B62K15/006—Collapsible or foldable cycles the frame being foldable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor

Definitions

  • Design innovations typically involve miniature electric vehicles, especially electric scooters with rudders, electric scooters
  • the scooter referred to in this application is broad and the definition of a scooter in the traditional sense should not constitute an improper limitation of this innovation.
  • the city is crowded, and there is an urgent need for a compact, light and small folding electric vehicle, especially a miniature vehicle that can be carried around.
  • the overall performance of the body weight, weight and cruising range is very important. For example, on a bus, on a subway, in a crowd, on a small private car, you need to use it when traffic is heavy.
  • Electric scooters are developed based on human scooters and tend to be sporty and heavy.
  • the mature magnesium alloy frames have rarely been used in recent years .
  • the first searched for is CN01343241.9, which is closest to the technology. It shows a foldable electric scooter.
  • the pedal is an integral extruded profile cavity tube as a battery case. It has many advantages, but the limited load capacity and thick wall are necessary, which also leads to material consumption and heavy frame.
  • rechargeable lithium battery technology has just matured in recent years, limited by the previous rechargeable battery technology, the traditional mainstream products mostly use lead-acid batteries, the disadvantage is heavy, and laid under the pedals, resulting in the body after folding It is thick and heavy, and its weight is generally 25--50 kg, which is not convenient to carry.
  • the application number is CN03355497.8. Because of the drawbacks of charge and discharge memory, etc., nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen and other nickel-based batteries are hardly used in the field of electric scooters.
  • the folding structure of the frame is not compact, large in size, and has many parts.
  • the front pillar shaft sleeve has an arm extending obliquely downward, and after folding, at most, the handlebar portion can abut the tail end of the vehicle body.
  • the gap between the front pillar and the pedal has a gap of about 10-20 cm (because the size of the car is different)
  • the car body presents a frame of approximately triangle or c-shape, the structure is not tight, occupying space, and inconvenient carry.
  • the frame proposed in CN200830113822.6 is the front riser fold;
  • the frame proposed in CN200730150545.1 is the rear beam fold, which has the L-shaped frame, which is relatively compact and structured. Compact, but the handle and the station board take up space, which is slightly inferior to this innovative design. The key is that the human scooter can't really solve the traffic problem.
  • the traditional motor and its transmission mechanism many accessories, cumbersome assembly, untidy, not easy to scrub and maintain. It is usually placed on the pedal or under the pedal, which makes the body thick and takes up space.
  • the hub motor (referred to as the in-wheel motor and the in-wheel drive mechanism) can save space, but before this innovation, people need low-priced products, and various technologies are still immature. The demand for compact and light models is not obvious.
  • the advantages of the hub motor are not outstanding, and at present, the price of the hub motor is more expensive than the conventional motor and its transmission mechanism, so there is no reason for the hub motor to appear in the field of electric scooters.
  • the main purpose of this design innovation is to provide a compact, light and small folding electric vehicle that solves the aforementioned problems by improving the solution, especially through a combination of various improvements, to optimize and improve the conventional electric vehicle.
  • the space of the car body is fully utilized and the volume is smaller, which is about 30% less than the traditional product---100% of the space volume, thus reducing the transportation cost; reducing the weight of the car by 30%----100% It is easier to carry and convenient for people to travel;
  • the battery inside the one or more cavities of the frame member can be used to resist the explosion of the lithium battery, and the motor and other components can be arranged more reasonably on the pedal or the vehicle body, and the folding structure is more compact.
  • This kind of product can relieve people flow and traffic pressure, replace some vehicles, reduce the space occupied, and is suitable for people who travel, travel, and often travel outdoors.
  • Figure 1 is: one of the exploded view of the car body; the hinge and its assembly; the battery is placed on the pedal two ribs Inside the cavity tube; the wheel motor wheel, the outer circumference of the motor casing is provided with elastic wheel tires.
  • Figure 2 is a state in which the frame is folded along the folding axis, folded and contracted; the hinge and its assembly.
  • Figure 3 is the second exploded view of the car body, showing the folding shaft stop positioning mechanism and assembly; the lateral expansion branch casters, the rear two wheels.
  • FIG. 4 The rudder end has two convexities, in the folded and contracted state, The convexity of the rudder is inserted into the insertion position of the vehicle body.
  • Figure 5 The frame is deployed and the rudder is disengaged from the front post.
  • Figure 6 is: the rudder is inserted into the top of the front pillar of the car, forming an approximate T-shape;
  • the front pillar double-tube telescopic expansion and contraction has a locking mechanism and is positioned to be stretched; the frame is deployed and used. Lateral expansion of the branch casters, the first two rounds.
  • Figure 7 is: the frame is deployed; the rudder is externally inserted into the top of the front pillar, and the front pillar and the rudder form an approximation. Glyph; axis steering state, controlling the steering of the car body.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic exploded view showing the assembly of the assembly. Motor is set at The pivot axis of the front pillar is located at the rear end of the front pillar of the car and is located at the top of the axle.
  • Figure 9 is: The motor is placed on the pivot axis of the pedal at the end of the pedal.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlargement of Figure 9.
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle including the following solutions and various combinations of solutions.
  • the built-in frame of the component has a cavity inside the frame, and a battery and a wire line are arranged in the cavity.
  • built-in frame including frame components: pedals, front pillars, rudders, seatposts at the rear of the pedals,
  • the inside of the frame has a cavity in which a battery and a wire line are disposed.
  • the battery is preferably a lithium battery.
  • the component built-in frame is an integral extruded profile cavity tube as a battery case for accommodating the battery.
  • the pedal has at least two cavity-type ribs, two sets of batteries and wire lines are respectively disposed in the cavity, and the two cavity-type ribs define a cylindrical space.
  • the joint of the front pillar and the pedal has a hinge
  • the hinge has two cylindrical through-hole spaces adjacent to each other and a through-core core
  • the distance between the two axial mechanisms is in the horizontal direction
  • the front pillar and the pedal are tightly folded and contracted together, and the directions are the same, forming a 'one' shape
  • the rudder, the front pillar and the pedal are tightly folded and contracted together, and the directions are the same, forming a 'one' shape.
  • the front pillar and the rudder form an approximately T-shape or approximately a figure 7.
  • the cylindrical space is embedded to accommodate at least a portion of the front pillar.
  • the motor is located on the pivot axis of the front pillar or on the extension line, and the motor is located at the end of the front pillar of the vehicle, and/or The motor is located on the pivot axis of the pedal or on an extension line, and the motor is located at the rear end of the pedal.
  • the electric motor is preferably a hub motor.
  • the frame parts are magnesium alloys or magnesium alloys, of which metal magnesium accounts for 30% to 95% of the frame parts. Relative weight reduction.
  • the battery 4 is loaded from the port of the lumen, and two of the pedals 3
  • the cavity is separately installed to set the battery and the wire line D-1 and the battery and the wire line D-2.
  • the rear end of the pedal is connected to the rear wheel insert 5 to fasten the port fitted to the cavity, for example It can be disassembled or assembled by means of a threaded structure, and the rear wheel insert 5 assembles the rear brake pedal and the rear axle assembly to support its operation.
  • the battery is sealed inside the cavity.
  • the compact, light and small folding electric vehicle is a rudder, a front pillar, and a pedal.
  • the front pillar and the pedal Forming an approximate letter L shape
  • the pedal is transverse to the ground
  • the rudder is located at the top of the front pillar of the vehicle;
  • the folding shaft is the axis
  • the tail end of the pedal is attached to the top of the front pillar of the vehicle, and the front pillar and the pedal are
  • the tight folding and contraction are combined, and the pivot directions are uniform to form a 'one' shape; the two are axially active between the 'one' shape and the letter L shape, wherein
  • the battery can be set in one of the rudder, the vertical pipe column, the pedal, the seat column, or the battery can be set inside the two or more cavities at the same time, which can be any combination.
  • Component built-in frame including one or more of the following frame components:
  • the front pillar has a cavity inside, a battery A and a wire line are arranged in the cavity; a rudder has a cavity inside, and a battery B and a wire line are arranged in the cavity; There is a cavity inside, a battery C and a wire line are arranged in the cavity; the pedal has a cavity inside, and a battery D and a wire line are arranged in the cavity.
  • Rudder generally refers to a handlebar that is substantially horizontal and ground at the top of the column; seat post Generally speaking, it is mounted on the pedal and close to the tail end, and the column is substantially longitudinal to the ground, and has a seat for sitting on the top of the column, the seat column
  • the rear end is provided with a mounting position combined with a pedal, for example, by means of a screw or a rotary connection, and is provided as a detachable seat post. According to the mature products on the market, the general technical staff can understand, so it is not shown in the schematic diagram.
  • the pedal is two lumens, and the cavity is provided with a battery and a wire line respectively.
  • the two lumens define a cylindrical space.
  • the folding frame can be folded along the folding axis, and the cylindrical space can be embedded. At least part of the front pillar.
  • Connection ribs are provided or not provided between the two cavity-type ribs as needed. Between two lumens From the distance of 2--7 cm, when the human foot (shoe) is stepping on it, there is no obvious difference and discomfort in the feeling of the foot.
  • the longitudinal wall of the cavity tube forms a reinforcing rib structure which is favorable for bearing, which is good for bearing and, and the front pillar
  • the pedals can be tightly fitted together or compactly fitted together.
  • the length and width of the pedal can be set as needed, short and wide, which means enough to accommodate the pedaling area of the foot, for example, the pedal of the single foot 20--30 cm long, 10--20 cm wide, according to Need to be set to a wider double pedal or two side-by-side independent pedals.
  • the frame has a cavity that is used as a battery compartment. Circuits, controllers, and circuit boards, lights, power indicators, chargers, inverters, protection boards, and the like can be placed in the frame tube as needed.
  • the frame includes: front pillar, rudder, seat column, pedal, cavity tube is preferably a piece of integral material
  • the formed cavity for example, the sheet metal material is crimped and welded, preferably, is made of a profile material, such as a magnesium aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy pultrusion profile material, a cavity (cavity) structure on the profile, In addition to the square tube in the figure, it may be a round tube or other suitable shape.
  • the cavity is the battery mounting position, and the battery (meaning battery power, battery power pack) is placed in it.
  • the battery Lightweight portable battery with small size, light weight, fast charging speed and repeated charge and discharge.
  • Li batteries Li batteries mean: lithium ion batteries, lithium sub batteries, lithium manganese batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, lithium polymer batteries). Under special needs, it is not excluded: Lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, other batteries, energy storage cells, and electric energy pools are relatively common in economics.
  • the battery may be a battery of 8V to 56V, preferably a battery of about 12, 24, 36, 48V.
  • the battery capacity can be 2.5 AH---20 AH, preferably 4 AH---10 AH.
  • the battery unit body includes a plate shape, a cylindrical shape, and a square column shape.
  • Holes or terminals are provided at appropriate positions of the frame, wiring, electrical connection, and power is drawn through the wires on the frame.
  • different A series circuit or a parallel circuit is formed between the batteries inside the frame, and the battery power is supplied to the motor by means of the wires.
  • At least two power supply systems on the vehicle, with the circuit control device selectively switch the circuit of the battery pack inside the cavity of different frame members, and select a certain battery,
  • the battery power inside the different frame members is controlled to supply power to the motor respectively.
  • the main battery inside the frame is usually used.
  • the backup battery inside the other frame is used.
  • the battery wire is connected to the controller, and the circuit control switch is used for switching control.
  • the inserted circuit is connected to the terminal to switch the circuit.
  • the front pillar can be a telescopic member, for example, the inner tube 1 is a fixed tube, and the outer tube 2 is a sliding movable tube (or vice versa) ), the double tube telescopic expansion, which has a locking mechanism fixed to the extended opening and closing state.
  • the outer sleeve is provided with a transverse tightening fastening device 12, such as a threaded fastening. Retractable sleeve and its locking mechanism, It can be implemented according to the traditional folding bike and scooter traditional techniques, such as spring beading and eccentric hole quick clamping mechanism.
  • the front pillar can be set to be folded as needed, and the locking mechanism is fixed to the extension and opening state. It can be implemented in accordance with the conventional folding bicycle and folding scooter conventional techniques, and can be implemented in various ways, for example, the column folding mechanism of the application No. CN200830113822.6.
  • the pedal can also be set to be telescopically folded.
  • the beam folding mechanism of the application number CN200730150545.1 Using these two types of human scooters
  • the folding mechanism which abandons the existing station board and rudder, becomes the frame required for this electric vehicle, and is included in the scope of this innovation. (Of course, the rudder improvement described later in this application, the built-in battery of the frame, and the electric device are added. Wait, form an electric scooter)
  • the front pillar and/or the pedal are members that can be telescopic or folded, and the member has a telescopic or folded positioning mechanism, which is firm. Position the state of its expansion or collapse.
  • a telescopic or folded positioning mechanism Position the state of its expansion or collapse.
  • spring beading, eccentric hole quick tightening mechanism, screw fastening for example, spring beading, eccentric hole quick tightening mechanism, screw fastening.
  • the hinge joint comprises: two mutually adjacent substantially perpendicular shafting mechanisms, wherein the hinge joint 6 has a longitudinal shaft hole, and the bridge between the front pillar and the front wheel axle bracket 9 is located within the longitudinal shaft hole, and is bridged Combined with the longitudinal shaft hole
  • the rudder shaft mechanism has a transverse shaft hole
  • the pedal end joint 7 has a transverse shaft hole
  • the nail 8 passes through the aforementioned shaft hole and is combined to form a folding shaft mechanism.
  • the pedal end joint 7 is fastened to the front end of the pedal 3 lumen tube, for example, screwed, disassembled or assembled.
  • the front wheel axle frame 9 at the rear end of the front pillar of the vehicle is combined with the front wheel axle assembly to support its operation.
  • the shaft sleeve of the front pillar of the conventional scooter is 10-20 cm high, and in the present embodiment, the thickness (thickness, that is, the height of the longitudinal shaft hole) of the hinge 6 can be 1 cm to 9 cm, and the experiment It has been proven that 4-6 cm can meet the requirements, and in the case of compact demand, preferably 2-5 cm.
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle including the following frame components: rudder, front pillar, pedal, hinge, among them,
  • the front pillar and the pedal form an approximate letter L shape
  • the pedal is transverse to the ground
  • the rudder is located at the top of the front pillar
  • the folding shaft is used as the axis
  • the rear end of the pedal is attached to the top of the front pillar of the car
  • the front pillar and the pedal are The tight folding and contraction are combined, and the pivot directions are the same, forming a 'one' shape; the two are axially active between the 'one' shape and the letter L shape.
  • the joint portion of one end of the front pillar and the end of the pedal has at least two axially adjacent mechanisms, wherein a longitudinal pivoting mechanism is the front pillar of the front axle And a directional control rudder shaft for body steering; a lateral axle mechanism is a folding shaft between the front pillar and the pedal for changing the angle between the two.
  • the joint between one end of the front pillar and one end of the pedal is a hinge joint, and the joint has two axially adjacent mechanism, and the front pillar and the wheel frame are bridged and penetrated
  • the hinge joint becomes a rudder shaft mechanism that rotates on the hinge joint, so that the vehicle body is turned; the front end of the pedal is combined with the pedal end joint, and the nail penetrates through the pedal end joint, and the front end of the pedal is combined with the hinge joint to become a shaft hinged to the hinge joint.
  • Folding shaft mechanism Thereby, the front pillar and the pedal shaft are folded.
  • the joint of one end of the front pillar and the end of the pedal is a hinge, and the hinge has two axially adjacent mechanisms, preferably, in the horizontal direction, two axial mechanisms The distance between them is within 10 cm.
  • the hinges Preferably, when the projection or perspective is performed in two directions behind the front of the vehicle, the hinges have two axial holes that cross each other.
  • the hinge has two cylindrical through-hole spaces adjacent to each other and a through-core core.
  • the hinges may be assembled or welded together, preferably in one piece, having two cylindrical through-hole spaces that are substantially perpendicular to one another and in close proximity to each other.
  • the two axle moving mechanisms are close to each other, so that the front pillar can be embedded deeper, and even can be completely embedded in the cylindrical space of the pedal, and after embedding, a more nearly flush fitting can be obtained.
  • the frame is tightly folded and contracted together, basically attached Close together or basically mated together, this purpose and effect can greatly reduce the volume of the car body and make the car body slim, which is an ideal improvement.
  • two shaft holes on the hinge can be set as needed, and two axial mechanisms (longitudinal rudder shaft and lateral direction) can be added.
  • the distance between the folding shaft and the front pillar and the pedal can be 0 Cm - 4 cm, 4 cm - 8 cm, 8 cm - 12 cm, 12 cm - 16 cm, 16 cm - 20 cm, or even more larger gaps. This is the technology It can be done, and beyond, it is covered by the technical scope. After folding, whether the pedal is higher than the front pillar or the front pillar Higher than the pedal, in the end, both can be basically close together, is one of the purposes of this technology.
  • This design is biased towards a compact, lightweight, portable vehicle, so the two axes are either The distance between the two substantially perpendicular and mutually adjacent cylindrical through-hole spaces is within 10 cm. Thereby, the 20--10 cm gap of the conventional model is removed, and the removal is eliminated.
  • the traditional model has a triangular or c-shaped huge gap, which is improved to form a close-fitting shape; in addition, the battery is placed inside the frame, so that the body is greatly slimmed down.
  • Front pillar and pedal The flattened axis state, the angle between the two can reach 180 degrees, so the two can be axially movable within the range of 0 degrees to 180 degrees, especially in the range of 0 degrees to 120 degrees. activity.
  • the direction control rudder, the front pillar, the axle assembly coupling, the twisting direction control rudder, the front pillar of the vehicle slides in the hinge shaft hole,
  • the body is controlled by the rudder shaft mechanism on the hinge.
  • hinge 15 an exploded view, illustrating the assembled assembly.
  • a folding shaft stop fixing mechanism 16 which can control the angle between the two to firmly position the opened and folded state. This is illustrated in conjunction with Figures 2 and 3.
  • the folding shaft stop fixing mechanism 16 is fixed on the pedal, and has an elongated curved groove.
  • the hinge 15 has a screwing position, and a lateral tightening fastening device 17, such as a screw, can be provided. Fasten. when using it, The curved groove is pivoted with the folding axis as the axis, and when the desired position is reached, the screw is tightened.
  • the screw is fastened to achieve a fixed positioning of the stop.
  • it can also be a common eccentric quick-tension mechanism.
  • various implementations can be performed according to the conventional technology. This mechanism is not the focus of the disclosure, but merely indicates that the purpose can be achieved.
  • the top of the wheel frame 9 is convexly assembled with a bushing (or a bearing or the like), a hinge 15 or 6, a bushing (or a bearing or the like), a 'lower' 18 of the front pillar, a front pillar and a '
  • the lower brackets ' can be welded together, the top of the front wheel frame 9 has a shoulder, an inner hole, and an outer threaded region 19, and the external thread region 19 is screwed with the internal thread 20 of the 'lower bracket' 18, and then the transverse pin is used.
  • the pin is pinned (for example, screwed to the inner screw hole at the top of the axle fork).
  • the 'bridge' of the front pillar and the front wheel frame 9 passes through the hinge, and the 'bridge' becomes the core, which forms a car together with the hinge Steering shaft mechanism for body steering.
  • Extending along the horizontal direction of the hinge is a folding shaft mechanism, and the front end of the pedal is combined with it to form a folding mechanism.
  • the front pillar is coupled to the wheel frame and can be pivoted to the hinge to steer the body.
  • the rudder, the front pillar, and the pedal In the folded and contracted state, the rudder, the front pillar, and the pedal The tight folding and contraction are combined and the pivot direction is uniform to form a 'one' shape; in the unfolded state, the front pillar and the rudder form an approximately T-shape or approximately 7-shape.
  • the tight folding and contraction are combined to mean substantially abutting or substantially fitting together.
  • the rudder has a plugging mechanism, and in the folded and contracted state, the rudder insertion mechanism is combined with the insertion position of the vehicle body. In the unfolded state of use, the rudder insertion mechanism is combined with the insertion position at the top of the front pillar, and the front pillar and the rudder form an approximately 7-shape or approximately T-shape; The secure locking of the two can be combined by means of other auxiliary elements, the rudder being substantially transverse to the ground.
  • the rudder end portion has two convex portions, and the rudder end portion has a plugging mechanism.
  • the rudder insertion mechanism is combined with the insertion position of the vehicle body; in the deployed state, the rudder insertion mechanism is combined with the insertion position at the top of the front pillar to form an approximately figure-eight shape.
  • the structure of the plug-in joint can be implemented in various ways, for example, the elasticity of the material (using the elastic deformation of the material, increasing the friction force, achieving the mutual engagement between the components), and utilizing the close cooperation between the different components.
  • Plug and join This embodiment typically discloses that the rudder is coupled with the vehicle body, and it can be implemented in various ways, regardless of which one has a concave shape, which one is convex, what form of the plug-in mechanism, and after the plug-in
  • the key to the locking mechanism is that in the contracted and folded state,
  • the rudder and the car body can be tightly coupled and can be closely abutted, and the rudder is consistent with the pivot of the vehicle body, so that the entire body is compact after being folded and folded.
  • the front pillar, the rudder, the pedal, the tight folding and contraction are combined, and the tight folding and contraction are combined, which means These three, or the front pillar and the pedal have a small gap between them, which means that the gap is 0.5 cm - 10 cm.
  • the tight folding refers to substantially sticking Close together or substantially mated together means 0-1 PCT.
  • the car body front pillar
  • the foot pedals can be designed in several different sizes, such as for adults or for teenagers.
  • the total weight can be designed to be between 3 kg and 10 kg.
  • Pedal, front pillar It can be set to be telescopic or folded, and the length can be adjusted.
  • the length of the front pillar is 40 to 70 cm; the length of the pedal is within 20-50 cm, and in the extended state, the front pillar The length is 70 to 130 cm; the length of the pedal is within 40-100 cm.
  • the front direction of the front pillar of the car is controlled by a rudder length of 30---60 cm.
  • the motor power can be about 80W---400w, especially the motor of 100w---180w.
  • the motor is placed at The rear end of the front pillar of the car is basically located on the extension line of the front pillar.
  • the motor is placed at the end of the pedal and is located substantially on the pedal extension.
  • the extension of the pedal is tangent to the rear wheel. Make the body slim and reduce the thickness of the car body.
  • the cylindrical motor is basically set at On the pivot axis of the front pillar of the car.
  • the motor is located at the end of the front pillar of the car and is located at the top of the axle.
  • the front pillar of the car can be a round tube in which a battery and a motor can be placed.
  • the diameter of the battery and the motor are roughly equal, so that both of them can be placed in one round tube at the same time.
  • the pedal has a circular arc-shaped concave surface, and in the folded state, the pedal substantially abuts against the front pillar tube. At the same time, the arcuate concave surface of such a pedal has the function of reinforcing ribs.
  • the cylindrical motor is basically set at On the pivot axis of the pedal, the motor is located at the end of the pedal.
  • the motor can be disposed within a housing that is coupled to the pedal at one end and to the axle bracket at the other end.
  • the pivot axis of the motor is substantially equivalent to the pivot axis of the pedal.
  • the above is basically disposed on the pivot axis of the pedal, which can be slightly offset according to actual needs. Instead of the traditional model, it is placed above the pedal, much higher than the pedal.
  • FIG. 9 represents a conical bull gear that is placed on the axle; 30 represents a conical pinion that is placed at the output of the motor.
  • the tapered pinion 30 rotates to drive the conical bull gear 31, and the conical bull gear 31 rotates to drive the axle and the wheel to rotate.
  • the inner core of the conical bull gear 31 may be a flywheel (overrunning clutch).
  • 31 represents a gear transmission.
  • the details of the shifting, transmission, etc., are not clearer in the figures for a number of reasons, and are merely illustrative of the purpose of the motor installation and the principle that the motor rotates to drive the axle. The same is true of Figure 8.
  • the component layout is from start to finish: front pillar and hinge, pedal (built-in battery), rear axle bracket , axle components (including hub motors and wheels), rear brake pedals.
  • front pillar built-in battery
  • hinge 6 front axle bracket 9
  • Front axle assembly including hub motor and wheel
  • the motor is an in-wheel motor 10, which will be a hub motor Installed in the middle shaft of the axle mounting position, the outer circumference of the hub motor is provided with the elastic tire 11 , and the outer casing of the hub motor 10 and the elastic tire 11 are substantially not provided with spokes, thereby forming A wheel motor wheel.
  • In-wheel motor wheel including a hub motor wheel combined with a hub motor and a wheel, under normal circumstances, the hub motor It can be in the form of an outer rotor with a brushless low speed hub motor.
  • the outer circumference of the hub motor is tightly provided with a resilient ring tire.
  • the hub motor housing has a circumferential flange and a circumferential groove, and the annular elastic rubber (rubber or PU) tire is directly hooped in the circumferential groove of the hub motor casing, and the annular elastic rubber (rubber or PU material) tire Tightly fitting into it.
  • PU means Polyurethane material has been widely used in scooters.
  • a flange of not more than 2 cm and a hole are provided on the circumference of the motor casing; Wear a hard-wearing high-elastic rubber (rubber-plastic) tire (such as PU) on a rigid hard core (such as PP, ABS, PC, PA) with a flange of not more than 2 cm and a cavity on the inner core.
  • the flange of the circumference of the motor casing is assembled with the flange of the inner core by means of a screw, whereby an elastic wheel tire is provided on the circumference of the casing of the hub motor.
  • the meaning of the hub motor includes but is not limited to:
  • the motor and the transmission are placed in a space inside the wheel, and usually the motor and the transmission and related mechanisms are disposed within one housing.
  • the housing is supported for rotation on the same axis as the wheel axle of a wheel, the motor is disposed on one end of the wheel interior space in the width direction of the vehicle, the transmission is disposed on the other end, and the rotation of the motor rotor is transmitted to the transmission via the transmission to a housing and a wheel;
  • the axle includes a combination of a motor housing and a support for supporting the transmission. If you need more specific instructions, you can refer to the application CN99117980.3.
  • the electric motor or the hub motor has an overrunning clutch, and the vehicle body can be driven by human power or by electric power. As long as the energy of each method is greater than the energy of the other way, you can slide in this way.
  • a transcendental clutch there is no magnetoresistance and it can be manned.
  • the overrunning clutch is disposed inside the hub motor.
  • the hub motor wheel is used in a miniature electric scooter that can slim down the body and reduce size and thickness. Wheel motor wheel Can be applied to other mini-cars, not just to innovative and improved frames (built-in frame, tightly folded frame)
  • a conventional miniature electric scooter component is added, for example, Circuits and controllers, brakes, motors and drive components, lights, remaining charge indicators, chargers, main switches, other electronic control sections, axle assembly mounting positions, and axle assemblies.
  • the first axle assembly and the second axle assembly may be arranged as one wheel or two wheels according to circumstances, and the vehicle body is set to be a two-wheeled vehicle, a tricycle, a four-wheeled vehicle, a multi-wheeled vehicle, and the like.
  • the front casters of the car are The branch casters with lateral expansion and/or the rear casters of the vehicle are branch casters with lateral expansion. Combined with Figures 3 and 6, the casters of the car Branch casters with lateral expansion. For example: the first two rounds of tricycles, the last two rounds of tricycles, the first two rounds and the last two rounds of four-wheeled vehicles, of course, more casters can be set as needed.
  • the first two rounds can be placed on the wheel frame of the approximate 'inverted T shape'.
  • the casters are installed at both ends of the wheel frame, and the central part of the wheel frame is combined with the front pillar.
  • the extension line of the pedal is substantially tangent to the center line of the wheel diameter, or lower, thereby lowering the height of the pedal and lowering the center of gravity of the vehicle body.
  • a shock absorbing device can be arranged to resist certain bumps and increase the running speed.
  • the wheel carrier can also be approximately Y-shaped, approximately V-shaped, and approximated from its derivative variations.
  • the mechanism of the wheel carrier and the body damping mechanism can employ conventional techniques well known in the art, and applicants can do so by those skilled in the art, and thus will not be described in detail herein.
  • the frame Carbon fiber composites, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, and magnesium alloys are used. In particular, profiles with cavities.
  • the frame is made of magnesium or magnesium alloy containing magnesium as the main component, including the frame containing 30% - 95% metal magnesium.
  • the main purpose of this design is to be compact, portable, lightweight, and small-sized electric vehicles.
  • the single improvement proposed in the previous section may not be outstanding. Advantages, progress is not significant enough. In this case, the comprehensive use of two or more improvements is a prerequisite, so According to each of the foregoing single improvements, various combinations are made. And because the combination of solutions can further prove and highlight the advantages and significant improvements provided by each individual improvement. Specifically,
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle including the following frame components: rudder, front pillar, pedal, hinge
  • the front pillar and the pedal form an approximate letter L shape
  • the pedal is transverse to the ground
  • the rudder is located at the top of the front pillar
  • the folding shaft is taken as the axis
  • the pedal end is oriented
  • the front pillars of the front of the car are fitted together, and the front pillars and the pedals are tightly folded and contracted together, and the pivot directions are uniform to form a 'one' shape; the two are axially movable between the 'one' shape and the letter L shape.
  • batteries are also included. Also included are batteries, circuits, and controllers, motors, axle assembly mounting positions, and axle assemblies.
  • a compact, light and small folding electric vehicle which also includes, (Scheme 1): (described above) a tightly folded frame, and said a tightly folded frame is a component built-in frame (described above);
  • a compact, light and small folding electric vehicle which also includes, (Scheme 2): (described above) a tightly folded frame, and said
  • the tightly folded frame is the component built-in frame (described above), and the motor is placed on the frame, the motor is located a pivot axis of the front pillar or an extension line, and the motor is located at the rear end of the front pillar of the vehicle, and/or the motor is located on the pivot axis or the extension of the pedal, and the motor is located at the rear end of the pedal;
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle which also includes, (Scheme 3): (described above) component built-in frame, Also, the motor is disposed on the frame, the motor is located on the pivot axis of the front pillar or on the extension line, and the motor is located at the end of the front pillar of the vehicle, and/or the motor is located a pivot axis of the pedal or an extension line, and the motor is located at the tail end of the pedal;
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle which also includes, (Scheme 4): (described above) a tightly folded frame And, the motor is disposed on the frame, the motor is located on the pivot axis of the front pillar or on the extension line, and the motor is located at the end of the front pillar of the vehicle, and/or the motor is located a pivot axis of the pedal or an extension line, and the motor is located at the tail end of the pedal;
  • the built-in frame has a matching battery, including a lithium battery that can be repeatedly charged and discharged.
  • Compact, lightweight and compact folding electric vehicle including, front pillar and pedal a hinge, a steering rudder, a battery, a circuit, and a controller, a motor, an axle assembly mounting position, and an axle assembly, wherein the front end of the front pillar has a first axle assembly mounting position and an axle assembly, the pedal The rear end has a second axle assembly mounting position and an axle assembly.
  • the pedal length is within 100 cm (the pedal length is 30---100 cm);
  • the height of the front pillar is 40---130 cm. If the front pillar is telescopic, it will extend from 40---70 cm to 80---130 cm. .
  • Body weight between 3 kg and 10 kg, especially for light vehicles in the range of 4 kg - 8 kg (for example, the motor weighs 0.6 kg - 2.5 kg, the battery weighs 1.5 kg - 3.5 kg, Magnesium alloy profile frame weight is less than 1.5 kg, other accessories 0.5 kg).
  • the design speed of the car is between 5km/h and -30kmh, especially between 7km/h and -20km/h.
  • the car is slim and long after folding and contracting, and can be carried on the body without taking up too much volume.
  • the strap is placed on the strap, and the bag or the bag is placed in a suitable shape, and the back strap is carried on the body.
  • the structure is simplified, the parts and materials are reduced, the assembly is fast, the profile is manufactured, the mass production is easy, the cost is reduced, the price is lower, the appearance is more tidy, and the cleaning and maintenance are easy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称]　紧凑型折叠电动车 技术领域
设计创新一般涉及微型的电动 交通运输工具，特别涉及 带有方向舵的电动踏板车、电动滑板车 ，主流的称谓'电动滑板车'及其车辆分类 ，涉及中国外观设计分类 21-02 .在本申请中所称谓的滑板车是广义的，传统意义上的滑板车之定义，不应该构成对本创新的不当限定。
 背景技术
城市拥挤，人们迫切的需要一种紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，特别是，能随身携带的微型交通工具。 对于这类电动交通工具来说，车体体积、重量、续航里程的综合性能很重要。例如在公共汽车上、在地铁上、在人群中、在小型的私人轿车上携带，需要在交通拥挤时使用。
电动滑板车是基于人力滑板车发展起来的，倾向于运动型，比较沉重，近年成熟的 镁合金车架鲜少被应用于此。 检索到的，最早是申请号为 CN01343241.9 ，且与本技术最接近，其 示意了一种可折叠的电动滑板车 ，踏板是整体的挤拉伸型材空腔管作为电池盒，容置电池，具有很多优点，但是承压负载能力有限，厚壁，是其必需的，这也导致了材料耗费和车架沉重。
另外， 充电锂电池技术是近年刚刚成熟起来的，受限于先前的充电电池技术，传统的 主流的产品中 大多采用铅酸电池，缺点是沉重，且 布设在踏板之下， 致使 折叠之后的车身肥厚、沉重， 重量一般在25---50公斤，不便于携带，例如 申请号为 CN03355497.8 示意的。 因为充放电记忆等等弊病，所以几乎不在电动滑板车领域采用镍镉、镍氢等等镍系列电池。
另外， 车架折叠结构不紧凑，体积大，零件多，前立柱轴套管 之 后方具有一斜下延伸出来的臂，这种车折叠之后，至多是车把部位能贴靠在车体尾端或者踏板尾部， 车前立柱与踏板之间具有大约10---20厘米的间隙 （因为车的大小不同） ，车体呈现出近似三角形或者c形的框架，结构不紧密，占用空间， 不便于携带。 申请号为 CN200830113822.6中提出的车架是前立管折叠；申请号为CN200730150545.1中提出的车架是后梁折叠，这两者具有的L形车架，相对的做到了紧密折叠、结构紧凑，但是把手和站板占用空间，这比起本创新设计略逊一筹， 关键在于，人力滑板车，不能真正的解决交通出行问题。
另外， 传统 电机及其传动机构， 附件多，装配繁琐，不整洁，不易于擦洗和维护。一般设置在踏板上或下，致使 车身肥厚，占用空间。 轮毂电机（泛指轮内马达以及轮内驱动机构）可以节省空间，但是在本创新之前，人们更需要低价产品，加上各种技术还不成熟，紧凑轻小的车型需求不明显，使用轮毂电机的优势不突出，且目前，轮毂电机价格比传统电机 及其传动机构要贵，所以轮毂电机没有理由出现在电动滑板车领域。
直至今日，市场上涌现了大量的类似产品，例如申请号为CN99221593.5所提出的，加设座椅立管以及座椅。这类产品在电路以及控制器、刹车装置、电动机以及驱动组件、照明灯、电力指示灯、减震等等方面一直有所发展。
 技术问题
纵观前述的背景技术，各有优势和缺点，但是，突出的问题在于，现有的产品，综合性能欠妥 ，似乎没有一种产品是综合的解决前述问题。
技术解决方案
本设计创新的主旨是要提供一种紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，通过改进方案，特别是通过多项改进方案的组合，来优化、改进传统的电动车，解决前述问题。
有益效果
车体的空间被充分利用，体积更小，比传统产品减少了大约30%----100%的空间体积，这样减少运输成本；减轻车重30%----100% ，更易于携带，方便人们出行； 车架构件的一处或者多处腔管内部设置电池，可以抵抗锂电池爆炸，还可以更合理的在踏板或者车体上布设电动机以及其它零部件，折叠结构更紧凑。 这种产品能缓解人流和交通压力，替代某些车辆，减少占地空间，适用于出差、旅行、经常在室外出行流动的人员。各个改进方案的优点和积极效果将在后文中结合实施例给出。
附图说明
图1是：车体的爆炸分解图之一；铰节及其组装；电池安置于踏板 两个肋柱 腔管内；轮毂电动机车轮，电机外壳圆周设置弹性的车轮轮胎。
图2是：车架沿折叠轴折叠，折叠收缩后的状态；铰节及其组装之后。
图3 是：车体的爆炸分解图之二，示意折叠轴止动定位机构以及组装； 侧向扩展分支脚轮，后两轮。
图4 是： 方向舵端部具有两处外凸， 在折叠收缩 状态下 ， 方向舵的外凸插接在车体的插接位上。
图5 是：车架展开使用， 方向舵脱离前立柱插接位。
图6 是：方向舵插接在车前立柱顶部的插接位， 形成近似 T 字形 ； 车前立柱双管套叠伸缩，其具有锁定机构，被定位的伸展状态； 车架展开使用状 。 侧向扩展分支脚轮，前两轮。
图7 是：车架展开使用状态； 方向舵的外凸插接在车前立柱顶部的插接位，车前立柱与方向舵 形成近似 T 字形；轴动转向状态，控制车体的转向。
图8 是：爆炸分解示意，示意其组装装配。 电机设置在 车前立柱的枢轴线上，位于车前立柱的尾端，位于轮轴的顶部。
图9 是：电机设置在 踏板的枢轴线上，位于踏板的尾端。
图10 是：图9的局部放大。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，包括以下方案以及各种方案组合。
包括方案： 构件内置式车架 ，车架内部具有空腔，空腔中设置有电池以及电线线路 。
还包括方案： 构件内置式车架 ，包括车架部件：踏板、车前立柱、方向舵、踏板尾部的 座椅立柱， 车架内部具有空腔，空腔中设置有电池以及电线线路。所述电池优选为锂电池。 优选的， 构件内置式车架，是整体的挤拉伸型材空腔管作为电池盒，容置电池。 优选的， 踏板具有至少两个空腔型肋柱，所述的空腔中分别设置两组电池以及电线线路，两个空腔型肋柱界定出条柱形空间。
紧密折叠的车架，车前立柱与踏板的结合部具有铰节，铰节具有两个相互邻近的柱型通孔空间以及贯穿的轴芯，沿水平方向， 两个轴动机构的距离在 10厘米以内，折叠后，车前立柱与踏板这两者紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且方向一致，形成'一'字形，或者 方向舵、车前立柱、踏板这三者紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且方向一致，形成'一'字形。还包括方案： 车前立柱与方向舵形成近似 T字形或者近似 7字形。 优选的， 车架处于折叠收缩状态时，所述的条柱形空间嵌入容置至少部分车前立柱。
还包括方案： 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端。电动机优选为轮毂电机。
还包括方案： 车架部件是镁合金或者镁铝合金，其中，金属镁在车架部件中占百分之三十至百分之九十五。相对的减轻重量。
 本发明的实施方式
构件内置式车架
结合图1，从腔管的端口装入电池4，踏板3的两个 空腔分别装入设置电池以及电线线路D-1和电池以及电线线路D-2 。车架腔管 装入电池后，踏板的尾端连接有后轮插架5，紧固装配于空腔的端口，例如 借助螺接结构可以将其拆卸或者装配， 后轮插架5组装 后轮刹车踏板以及 后轮轴组件 ，支撑其运转 。 电池封堵于空腔内部。
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，是 方向舵、车前立柱、踏板，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，其中，
根据实际需要，可以在方向舵、竖管立柱、踏板、座椅立柱的某一个空腔里设置电池，也可以同时在两个、多个空腔内部都设置电池， 可以是任意一种搭配组合。
构件内置式车架， 包括以下一个或多个车架组成部分：
车前立柱，内部具有空腔，空腔中设置电池A以及电线线路；方向舵，内部具有空腔，空腔中设置电池B以及电线线路； 座椅立柱 ，内部具有空腔，空腔中设置电池C以及电线线路；踏板，内部具有空腔，空腔中设置电池D以及电线线路。
方向舵，一般是指，位于立柱顶端的、基本上横向与地面的车把； 座椅立柱 ，一般是指，安装于踏板且靠近尾端，基本上纵向于地面的立柱，在立柱顶端具有坐人用的座椅， 座椅立柱 的尾端设置有安装位与踏板结合，例如借助螺钉螺接或者旋转连接，设置成为可以拆卸的 座椅立柱， 参照市面上成熟的产品，一般技术人员都可以理解，所以没有用示意图表示。
结合图1，踏板是两个腔管，空腔中分别设置有电池以及电线线路，两个腔管界定出条柱形空间，沿着折叠轴，车架折叠，条柱形空间可以嵌入容置至少部分车前立柱。根据需要，在两个空腔型肋柱之间设置或者不设置连接筋。两个腔管之间 距离2---7厘米，人的脚（鞋）踏在上面的时候，脚的感觉没有明显区别和不适， 腔管的纵向壁形成利于承重的 加强肋结构，利于承重，而且， 车前立柱 与踏板可以紧密的贴合在一起，或者紧凑的嵌合在一起。这种改进，减少腔管的壁厚和用料，减轻重量、折叠紧密、减少电池外设所占的空间。在实际应用中，可以根据需要设置踏板的长短宽窄，短而宽，是指足以容纳脚的踩踏面积，例如单脚的踏板20---30厘米长，10---20厘米宽，可以根据需要设置成为比较宽的双脚踏板或者两个并列独立的单脚踏板。
车架具有的空腔被作为电池盒， 根据需要，可以将电路、控制器以及线路板、照明灯、电力指示灯、充电器、逆变器、保护板等等、其他构件设置于车架腔管内。
车架包括： 车前立柱、方向舵、 座椅立柱 、踏板，腔管最好 是 一块整体的材料 形成的空腔，例如片状金属材料卷曲后焊接， 优选的， 用型材来制作， 例如镁铝合金、镁合金挤拉成型的型材材料，型材上的空腔（型腔）结构 ， 除了图中方管之外，也可以是圆管，或者其他适宜的形状。 空腔 是电池安装位， 电池 （含义包括电池电源、电池电源组） 安放于其中 。
电池。 采用 体积小、重量轻、充电速度快、可反复充放电的轻型便携式电池。 优选的是锂电池 （锂电池 含义包括： 锂离子电池、 锂亚电池、锂锰电池、 磷酸铁锂电池、 锂聚合物电池 ） 。在 特种需要下，也不排除： 比较经济比较常见的 铅酸电池、 镍镉电池、镍氢电池、电容、燃料电池 、其他蓄电池、 储能池、电能池 。 电池可以是8V至56V的电池，优选的是12、24、36、48V左右的电池。电池容量可以使2.5AH---20AH，优选为4AH---10AH的电池。 电池单元体 包括板 片状、圆柱状、方柱状。
在车架 适宜的位置设置 孔洞或者接线端子，走线，电连接，电力经车架上的电线通引出。根据需要选择，不同 车架内部的电池之间形成串联电路或者并联电路，借助导线将电池电力供给电机。 可以设置成双电池组供电，即， 不同车架构件空腔内部的电池形成 车上的至少两个供电系统，借助 电路控制装置 ， 对不同车架构件空腔内部的电池组的电路进行选择切换， 选择使用某一组电池， 控制不同车架构件内部的电池电力分别向电动机供电。这样，平常时候使用一个车架内部的主电池，电力用完之后，再使用另外一个车架内部的备用电池，例如，电池电线连接至控制器，用电路控制开关进行切换控制；或者设置便于拔插的电路接插端子，对电路进行切换控制。
紧密折叠的车架
结合图1、6、7 ， 车前立柱可以是伸缩的构件，例如内管1为固定管，外管2是滑动活动管（反之也可以 ），双管套叠伸缩 ，其具有锁定机构固定住伸展开合状态。外套管设置横向的旋紧紧固装置12，例如螺接紧固。能伸缩的套管及其锁定机构， 可以按照常见的折叠车、滑板车传统技术来实现，做多种实施，例如弹簧顶珠、偏心孔快速扳紧机构。
车前立柱可以根据需要设置成为折叠式， 以及锁定机构固定住伸展开合状态 ，可以按照常见的折叠自行车和折叠滑板车传统技术来实现，做多种实施，例如 申请号 CN200830113822.6 的立柱折叠机构。 踏板也可以设置成为伸缩折叠的。例如申请号 CN200730150545.1 的横梁折叠机构。 采用这 两种 人力滑板车的 折叠机构，废弃现有的站板和方向舵，成为本电动车所需的车架，纳入本创新的范畴，（当然，再加入本申请后文描述的方向舵改进、车架内置电池、设电动装置等等，构成电动滑板车）
所以，车前立柱和/或踏板 是可以伸缩或折叠的构件，并且该构件上具有伸缩或折叠的定位机构，牢固的 定位其伸缩或折叠的状态。例如弹簧顶珠、偏心孔快速扳紧机构、 螺接紧固。
结合图1 ，说明一种铰节以及舵轴机构、折叠轴机构。 一种铰节6， 铰节包括：两个相互邻近的基本上相互垂直的轴动机构，其中，铰节6具有一纵向轴孔， 车前立柱与前轮轴架9之间的桥接处位于 纵向轴孔之内 ，桥接处与 纵向轴孔结合 成为 舵轴机构 ； 铰节6具有一横向轴孔， 踏板端接头7具有 横向的轴孔 ，穿钉8穿过 前述的轴孔 ，共同结合成为 折叠 轴 机构 ，踏板端接头7与踏板3腔管的前端紧固结合，例如用穿钉 螺接，拆卸或者装配。 车前立柱尾端的前轮轴架9与前轮轴组件结合，支撑其运转。 一般来说，传统滑板车前立柱的轴套管高10---20厘米，而本方案中，铰节6的厚度（厚度，即纵向轴孔的高度）1厘米至9厘米即可，实验证明，4-6厘米就能满足要求，在紧凑的需求下，优选2-5厘米。
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，
在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部至少具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构，其中，一纵向轴动机构，是掌管 车前立柱 以及方向控制的舵轴，用于车体转向；一横向轴动机构，是掌管 车前立柱 与踏板 之间的折叠轴， 用于改变 两者 之间的夹角。
结合图2、4， 所述的紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，是指 车前立柱与踏板之间具有很少的间隙，是指间隙1厘米---10厘米。 所述的紧密折叠是指基本上 贴 靠在一起或者基本上嵌合在一起，是指0-1厘米。 因为车的大小各不不同，给出的数值来仅供理解，数值的界定并不是最恰当的，不应因此限制本创新的范畴。
车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部为铰节，铰节具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构， 车前立柱与轮架联轴桥接，且贯穿于 铰节，成为 轴动于铰节的 舵轴机构 ，从而车体转向；踏板前端与踏板端接头结合，穿钉贯穿于踏板端接头，将踏板前端与 铰节结合，成为 轴动于铰节 的折叠轴机构， 从而车前立柱与踏板轴动折叠。
车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部为铰节，铰节具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构，优选的，沿水平方向， 两个轴动机构 之间的距离在10厘米以内。优选的，在车前车后两个方向进行投影或者透视的时候，铰节具有的两个轴孔交叉重合。
铰节具有两个相互邻近的柱型通孔空间以及贯穿而过的轴芯。铰节可以是组装或者焊接成一体，优选的是一整体的，具有两个基本上相互垂直的且相互紧邻的圆柱型通孔空间。
可以在此折叠结构上稍稍调整，例如两个轴动机构靠近，使车前立柱嵌入的更深，甚至可以完全的嵌入踏板的条柱形空间，嵌入之后，得到更加接近平齐的嵌合。 车架紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，基本上 贴 靠在一起或者基本上嵌合在一起，此目的和效果，能极大的减小车体体积，使车体瘦身，这是比较理想的改进。明显的是，可以根据需要设置铰节上的两个轴孔，增加两个轴动机构（纵向的舵轴和横向的 折叠轴） 的间距， 车前立柱与踏板 两者之间距离可以是 0 厘米---4厘米、4厘米---8厘米、8厘米---12厘米、12厘米---16厘米、16厘米-20厘米，乃至于更多更大的间隙。这是本技术 能做到，且超越的，其涵盖在本技术范围内。折叠后，无论是踏板高于 车前立柱 ，还是 车前立柱 高于踏板，最终，两者都是可以基本贴靠在一起，是本技术的目的之一。
本设计偏重于 紧凑、轻小、 便携式车辆，所以，所述的两个轴动机构或者 两个基本上相互垂直的且相互紧邻的圆柱型通孔空间的距离在10厘米以内。由此，去除了 传统车型具有的20--10厘米间隙， 去除了 传统车型具有的三角形或者c形的巨大间隙，改进之后呈现出紧密贴合的一字形；再加上将电池设置在车架内部，使车体极大的瘦身。
车前立柱与踏板 的平展轴动状态，两者之间的夹角可以达到180度，所以两者可以在0度至180度夹角范围内轴向活动， 特别是 在0度至120度 夹角范围内轴向活动。
结合图7 ，方向控制舵、 车前立柱、轮轴组件联轴， 扭动方向控制舵， 车前立柱 在铰节轴孔中滑动转动， 借助铰节上的 舵 轴机构，控制车体转向。
结合图3 ，是又一种铰节15， 爆炸图，示意了组合装配。车前立柱与踏板3之间 具有折叠轴止动固定机构16，它可以控制住二者之间的夹角，使张开、折合的状态牢固的定位。 结合图2、3 ， 示意了该 止动机构的组装使用，折叠轴止动固定机构16固结在踏板上，它具有一狭长的弧形槽，铰节15具有螺接位， 可以设置横向的旋紧紧固装置17，例如螺接紧固。使用时， 弧形槽以折叠轴为轴心轴动，到达所需位置时， 旋紧 螺接紧固，实现止动固定定位。除了螺接紧固之外，还可以是常见的偏心孔快速扳紧机构。为了达到相同的目的，可以按照传统技术做多种实施，该机构并不是本文需要揭示的重点所在，只是示意本目的能够得以实现。
结合 图1、3，前 轮架9的顶部外凸依次套装装配有轴套（或者轴承之类）、铰节15或者6、轴套（或者轴承之类）、车前立柱的'下托'18，车前立柱与'下托'可以焊接在一起，前轮架9的顶部外凸具有台肩、内孔、外螺纹区域19，外螺纹区域19与'下托'18的内螺纹20螺接，再用横向的销子销住（例如用螺柱螺接于轮轴叉架顶部的内螺孔）。无论是哪一方凸，或者哪一方是凹，最终，车前立柱与前轮架9的'桥接处'从铰节穿过，实质上'桥接处'成为轴芯，它与铰节共同形成车体转向的舵轴机构。沿着铰节水平方向延伸的是折叠轴机构，踏板前端与之结合，共同成为折叠机构。这仅仅是一个实施例，代表性的示意：实质上，车前立柱与轮架联轴，可以轴动于铰节，从而使车体转向。
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，具有紧密折叠的车架，包括，
在折叠收缩 状态下 ， 方向舵、车前立柱、踏板这三者 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形； 在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与方向舵 形成近似 T 字形或者近似7字形。
所述的紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，是指基本上 贴 靠在一起或者基本上嵌合在一起。
在一个实施例中，
方向舵具有接插机构， 在折叠收缩 状态下 ， 方向舵的插接机构与车体的插接位结合 ， 在展开使用状态下，方向舵的插接机构与车前立柱顶部的插接位结合，车前立柱与方向舵 形成近似7字形或者近似 T 字形； 可以再借助其它辅助元件将二者稳固的锁定结合在一起，方向舵基本上横向于地面 。
更具体的实施例，
结合图4、5、6 ， 方向舵中部具有两处外凸，方向舵中部具有插接机构， 在折叠收缩 状态下 ， 方向舵的插接机构与车体的插接位相结合；在展开使用状态下，方向舵的插接机构与车前立柱顶部的插接位相结合， 形成近似 T 字形。或者，依照前述的示意，
结合图7 ， 方向舵端部具有两处外凸，方向舵端部具有插接机构， 在折叠收缩 状态下 ， 方向舵的插接机构与车体的插接位相结合；在展开使用状态下，方向舵的插接机构与车前立柱顶部的插接位相结合， 形成近似7字形。
插接结合的结构，可以有多种方式，例如，例如材料的弹性（利用材料的弹性变形，加大摩擦力，实现元件之间相互卡合）、利用不同元件之间的紧密配合，从而实现插接结合。本实施例代表性的揭示了，方向舵与车体插接结合，它可以有多种实现手段，无论是哪一方具有凹，哪一方外凸，是何种形式的接插机构以及插接之后的锁定机构，关键在于，在收缩折叠状态下， 方向舵与车体可以紧密结合，也能做到紧密贴靠，方向舵与车体的枢轴相一致，这样，整个车体在收缩折叠之后，体积是非常紧凑的。
如图4所示，前立柱、方向舵、踏板， 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，所述的紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，是指 这三者，或者前立柱与踏板这两者之间具有很少的间隙，是指间隙0.5厘米---10厘米。 所述的紧密折叠是指基本上 贴 靠在一起或者基本上嵌合在一起,是指0-1厘。
根据使用者的身高和体重，车体（ 车前立柱、 脚踏板）可以被设计成几种不同的规格，例如成人用的、或者青少年用的。总重量可以设计成为3公斤至10公斤之间。踏板、 车前立柱 ，可以设置成为伸缩或者折叠的，能调节长度。例如，收缩团聚之后， 车前立柱 的长度为40至70厘米； 踏板长度在20-50厘米以内，在伸展使用状态下， 车前立柱 的长度为70至130厘米； 踏板长度在40-100厘米以内。 车前立柱 顶端的横向方向控制舵长度在30---60厘米左右。
电动机以及电动机位置。 电机功率可以是80W---400w左右，特别是，100w---180w的电机。
电动机及其布局设置的方法是多种多样的，后面的实施例代表性的描述技术的实现 ：电动机设置在 车前立柱尾端，基本上位于车前立柱延长线上。 或者，电动机设置在 踏板尾端，基本上位于踏板延长线上。 踏板的延长线相切于后车轮， 使车体瘦身，减小车体的厚度。实施例：
结合图8 ， 是爆炸分解示意图，示意其组装装配。 柱形的电机基本上设置在 车前立柱的枢轴线上。电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，位于轮轴的顶部。车前立柱是可以是圆管，里面可以放置电池和电机，电池与电机的直径大致相当，所以它们二者可以同时被放入一个圆管内。踏板具有圆弧形凹面，在折叠状态下，这种踏板与车前立柱圆管基本上吻合贴靠在一起。同时，这种踏板的圆弧形凹面具有加强肋的功能。
结合图9 ， 是爆炸分解示意图，示意其组装装配。 柱形的电机基本上设置在 踏板的枢轴线上，电动机位于踏板的尾端。电机可以设置在一个壳体之内，所述壳体一端与踏板连接，另一端是轮轴架。电机的枢轴线与踏板的枢轴线大致相当，当然，需要强调，所述的基本上设置在踏板的枢轴线上，它是可以根据实际需要，稍微有所偏离。而非传统车型那样，设置在踏板之上，远远高于踏板。
结合图10 ，这是图9的局部。31代表的是锥形大齿轮，它设置在轮轴上；30代表的是锥形小齿轮，它设置在电机的输出端。锥形小齿轮30旋转，带动锥形大齿轮31，锥形大齿轮31转动，带动轮轴以及车轮转动。锥形大齿轮31的内芯可以是一个飞轮（超越离合器）。实际上，31代表了一种齿轮变速器。由于多种原因，变速、传动机构等等细节没有在图中表示的更清楚，仅仅是给出示意实现本目的：电机安装，以及电机旋转带动轮轴的原理。图8也是如此。
结合图1，组件布局由头至尾依次为 ： 车前立柱与 铰节、踏板 （内置 电池）、 后轮轴架 、轮轴组件（包括轮毂电机以及车轮）、后轮刹车踏板。
结合图1，组件布局由上至下依次为 ： 车前立柱（内置 电池）、铰节6、 前轮轴架9 、前轮轴组件（包括轮毂电机以及车轮）。
所述的电动机是轮毂电动机10，将轮毂电动机 安装在轮轴安装位的中轴，轮毂电动机的外壳圆周设置有弹性车轮胎11，轮毂电动机10的外壳与弹性车轮胎11之间基本上不设置辐条，从而形成 一种轮毂电动机车轮。轮毂电动机车轮 ， 包括了一种轮毂电动机与车轮结合而成的轮毂电动机车轮，在通常情况下，轮毂电动机 可以采用外转子形式，采用无刷式低速轮毂电动机。轮毂电动机的外壳圆周紧密的设置有弹性环状车轮胎。例如，轮毂电动机外壳具有圆周凸边和圆周凹沟，环状弹性橡胶（橡塑或者PU）轮胎直接套箍在轮毂电动机外壳的圆周凹沟内，环状弹性橡胶（橡塑或者PU材料）轮胎紧密的嵌合其中。PU是指 聚氨酯材质，已经广泛的应用在滑板车上。
结合图1，为了减小轮径，轮毂电动机10的外壳圆周与弹性车轮11之间基本上没有辐条，举例：在电动机外壳圆周设置不大于2厘米的凸边以及孔洞； 在刚性硬质的内芯（例如PP、ABS、PC、PA材质）上包覆耐磨高弹的 橡胶（橡塑）轮胎（例如 PU ），内芯上设置不大于2厘米的凸边以及空洞， 借助螺丝将电动机外壳圆周的凸边与 内芯的凸边 装配在一起，从而，在轮毂电动机的外壳圆周设置弹性的车轮轮胎。
轮毂电动机其含义包括但不限于此： 将电机以及变速器设置于车轮内部的空间里，通常电机以及变速器以及相关机构被设置在一个壳体之内。 该壳体被支撑在与一车轮的轮轴相同的轴线上转动，电机在车辆的宽度方向上被设置在车轮内部空间的一端上，变速器被设置在另一端上，电机转子的转动经由变速器传递至壳体以及车轮；轮轴包括电机壳体和用于支撑变速器的支撑件相互连接所构成的组合装置。 如果需要更具体的说明，则可以参见申请 CN99117980.3 。
根据前述，所述的电动机或者轮毂电动机 带有超越离合器， 车体 可以利用人力滑行或者利用电力驱动 ，只要每种方式的能量大于另一种方式的能量，就可以以此方式滑行。 采用超越式离合器，没有磁阻，可以人力滑行 。 例如将超越离合器设置在轮毂电动机的内部。
轮毂电动机车轮应用在 微型电动 踏板车，能使车体瘦身，减小体积和 厚度。这种 轮毂电动机车轮 可以应用于其它微型 车领域，而不仅仅是设置于创新改进的车架（ 构件内置式车架 、紧密折叠的车架 ）
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车
根据前文的改进方案，加设传统的微型电动踏板车零部件，例如， 电路以及控制器、刹车装置、电动机以及驱动组件、照明灯、剩余电量指示灯、充电器、总开关、其他电子控制部分、轮轴组件安装位以及轮轴组件。
后轮上方设置踩踏刹车板 。可以根据情况将第一轮轴组件、第二轮轴组件设置成一个轮或者两个轮，将车体设置成为两轮车、三轮车、四轮车、多轮车等等变化。车的前脚轮是 具有侧向扩展的分支脚轮和/或 车的后脚轮是 具有侧向扩展的分支脚轮。结合图3、6 ，车的脚轮 具有侧向扩展的分支脚轮。例如：前两轮的三轮车、后两轮的三轮车、前两轮和后两轮的四轮车，当然根据需要可以设置更多脚轮。前两轮，可以设置在近似'倒T形'的轮架上，轮架两端安装脚轮，轮架中央部分与车前立柱结合。这样，即使安装大轮径的车轮，踏板的延长线基本上相切于车轮轮径的中线，或者更低，从而降低踏板的高度，降低车体的重心。在轮架适当的位置可以设置减震装置，抗击一定的颠簸，提高行驶速度。除了T形的轮架之外，轮架也可以是近似Y字形、近似V字形，及其衍生变化得出的近似形。轮架的机构以及车体减震机构可以采用本领域内公知的传统技术，申请人为本领域内的普通技术人员都可以做到，所以在此不做详细描述。
车架。采用碳纤维复合材料、 铝合金 、 镁铝合金、镁合金 。特别是带有空腔的型材。优选的， 车架以金属镁为主要成分的镁合金或者镁铝合金，包括，车架含有30%---95%金属镁。
本设计主旨在于， 紧凑、便携、轻巧、体积小 的电动车 ，前文提出的单一的改进方案很可能不具备突出的 优势，进步不够显著。 在这种情况下，综合的运用两个或者多个改进方案，成为必备条件， 所以， 根据前述各个单一的改进方案，将其做各种组合。又因为，通过组合方案才能进一步证明并且突出各个单一的改进方案提供的优势和显著地进步。具体地说，
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车 ，包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
还包括， 电池、电路以及控制器、电动机、轮轴组件安装位以及轮轴组件，
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其还包括， （ 方案1）：（前文所述的） 紧密折叠的车架 ，并且，所述 紧密折叠的车架 是（前文所述的） 构件内置式车架；
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其还包括， （ 方案2）：（前文所述的） 紧密折叠的车架 ，并且，所述 紧密折叠的车架 是（前文所述的） 构件内置式车架， 并且，电动机设置在所述车架上， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端；
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其还包括， （ 方案3）：（前文所述的） 构件内置式车架， 并且，电动机设置在所述车架上， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端；
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其还包括， （ 方案4）：（前文所述的） 紧密折叠的车架 ，并且，电动机设置在所述车架上， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端；
构件内置式车架 之内具有 配套的电池 ，包括，可 反复充放电的 锂电池。
紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，包括， 车前立柱、踏板 、铰节、方向控制舵、电池、电路以及控制器、电动机、轮轴组件安装位以及轮轴组件，其中， 车前立柱尾端 具有第一轮轴组件安装位以及轮轴组件， 踏板 尾端具有第二轮轴组件安装位以及轮轴组件。
在以下实施例中，给出更具体的相应条件，但是 不局限于此，可以根据需要设置成为体积更加宽大或者更加窄小、更重量型或者更轻量型的车、功率更大或者更小、速度更快或者更慢的车。 可以是各种 电池，电池容量、电机功率、车体的尺寸和重量等等条件也可以根据需要而设置。
踏板长度在100厘米以内（踏板长度30---100厘米）； 车前立柱高40---130厘米，如果车前立柱是伸缩的，则从40---70厘米伸缩展至80---130厘米 。车体重量：3公斤至10公斤之间，特别是指4公斤---8公斤范围内的轻型车辆，（例如，电动机重0.6公斤----2.5公斤，电池重1.5公斤---3.5公斤， 镁合金 型材车架重量小于1.5公斤，其它配件0.5公斤）。 车的设计时速在5km/h---30kmh之间，特别是指7km/h----20km/h之间。
本车折叠收缩之后呈瘦长形，可以背负在身上而不占用太多的体积，例如，设置背带手提带、装入适宜形状的提包或者袋子里面，借助背带背负在身上。
说明书附图和说明书示意了本设计创新目的之所在，示意了如何达到这些目的，示意了这些目的是能够实现的，本设计不仅仅是片面的提供这些实施例，而是要用示范案例来揭示性的提出创新重点，提供一类以这些重点为核心内容的创新。在不背离揭示的核心思想下，另 有无数种具体实施的方案，本申请不可能详细的逐一的列举 ， 本文仅仅是示意实现的手段， 按照本设计的创新思想，本领域的普通技术人员可以不用创造性的劳动就可以 做出等效变化和等效修改以达到相同的目的， 在本申请中没有过多的去赘述，实质上这些 都属于本创新所揭示的。
在适宜的情况下、在允许的范围内，申请人有权利做适当的修改，对电池、电机、车体（重量、尺寸）、 车前立柱与踏板之间的间隙，已经给出的区间范围内任意划界，修改成为说明书或者权利要求书的一部分。 申请人有权利将本申请中的内容写入权利要求书，或者根据需要将技术特征或者部件做任意的组合方案或者分解方案，并且写入权利要求书，作为本申请增加的权利要求或者作为分案申请的权利要求书之用途。
工业实用性
由于本设计的改进和优化，简化了结构、减少了零部件和用料、组装快；采用型材制造，易于量产，缩减了成本，价格更低； 外观更整洁，易于擦洗和维护。
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  1. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车 ，包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括 构件内置式车架 ：车架内部具有空腔，空腔中设置有电池以及电线线路 ,电力经车架上的电线通道引出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的 构件内置式车架 ，其特征是，所述的 构件内置式车架包括以下一个车架部件或者多个车架部件：车前立柱、方向舵、 座椅立柱。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的 构件内置式车架 ，其特征是，所述的 构件内置式车架 包括车架部件：踏板 。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑轻小型折叠电动车 ， 其特征还包括： 踏板具有至少两个空腔型肋柱，所述的空腔中分别设置有电池以及电线线路，两个空腔型肋柱界定出条柱形空间，车架处于折叠收缩状态时，所述的条柱形空间嵌入容置至少部分车前立柱。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其特 征包括， 构件内置式车架 是 一块整体材料 的具 有型腔的空管，便携式 反复充放电的电池安放于其中 ，所述 电池包括，锂电池。
  6. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，具有电池、电机、控制器，还包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端 贴合 ，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换， 所述车架是 紧密折叠的车架：
    车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部至少具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构，其中，一纵向的轴动机构，是掌管 车前立柱 以及方向控制的舵轴，用于车体转向；一横向的轴动机构，是掌管 车前立柱 与踏板 之间的折叠轴， 用于改变 两者 之间的夹角， 折叠收缩时，
    车前立柱 、踏板这两者紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，
    或者 车前立柱 、踏板、方向舵这三者紧密折叠收缩结合在一起。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其特 征还包括，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与方向 舵 形成近似 T 字形或者近似7字形。
  8. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，
    和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的紧凑轻小型折叠电动车 ， 其特征还包括： 所述的电动机是轮毂电动机，轮毂电动机 设置在轮轴安装位的中轴，轮毂电动机的外壳圆周设置弹性车轮胎，从而形成 一种轮毂电动机车轮。
  10. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下部件组成的车架：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括，车架是构件内置式车架，并且构件内置式车架是紧密折叠的车架，其中，构件内置式车架是权利要求 1 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的构件内置式车架；紧密折叠的车架是权利要求6 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的紧密折叠的车架。
  11. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括，车架是构件内置式车架，并且构件内置式车架是紧密折叠的车架，其中，构件内置式车架是权利要求 1 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的构件内置式车架；紧密折叠的车架是权利要求6 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的紧密折叠的车架 ；
    并且，电动机设置在所述车架上， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端。
  12. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括，车架是构件内置式车架，构件内置式车架是权利要求 1 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的构件内置式车架架，并且，
    电动机设置在所述车架上，电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端。
  13. 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 包括以下车架部件：方向舵、车前立柱、踏板、 铰节 ，其中，在展开使用状态下，车前立柱与踏板 形成近似字母L形， 踏板横向于地面，方向舵位于车前立柱顶部； 折叠收缩时，以折叠轴为轴心，踏板尾端向 车前立柱顶端贴合，车前立柱与踏板 紧密折叠收缩结合在一起，且枢轴方向一致，形成'一'字形；两者在'一'字形与字母L形之间轴动活动转换，
    其还包括，车架是紧密折叠的车架 ，紧密折叠的车架是权利要求6 所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车的紧密折叠的车架， 并且，电动机设置在所述车架上， 电动机 位于 车前立柱的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于车前立柱的尾端，和/或 电动机 位于 踏板的枢轴线上或者延长线上，并且，电动机位于踏板的尾端。
  14. 根据权利要求1或2或6或8或10或11或12或13任意一项所述的紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其特征包括：车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部为铰节，铰节具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构，
    车前立柱与轮架桥接联轴，且贯穿于铰节的纵向轴孔，装配结合,车前立柱沿着纵向轴孔轴动，成为舵轴机构之轴心，从而车体沿其转向；穿钉贯穿于踏板前端的横向轴孔和铰节的横向轴孔，装配结合，成为折叠轴机构之轴心，从而车前立柱与踏板沿其轴动折叠。
  15. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其 特征还包括： 车前立柱一端与踏板一端的结合部为铰节，铰节具有两个相互邻近的轴动机构，沿水平方向， 两个轴动机构 之间的距离在10厘米以内。
  16. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其特征还包括： 所述的紧密折叠是指基本上 贴 靠在一起或者基本上嵌合在一起。
  17. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其特征还包括： 所述的紧密折叠 是指间隙0.5厘米---10厘米。
  18. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车， 其特征还包括 ： 车前立柱与踏板之间 具有折叠轴止动固定机构，其包括螺接定位、快速扳紧定位，定位二者之间的夹角，牢固的定位张开的状态、牢固的定位折合的状态。
  19. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其 特征还包括： 车的前脚轮是 具有侧向扩展的分支脚轮和/或 车的后脚轮是 具有侧向扩展的分支脚轮。
  20. 根据权利要求1或2或 6 或8或10或11或12或13 任意一项所述的 紧凑轻小型折叠电动车，其 特征还包括：车架部件是镁合金或者镁铝合金，其中，金属镁在车架部件中占百分之三十至百分之九十五。
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