WO2011046093A1 - 荷電粒子線装置、及び膜厚測定方法 - Google Patents
荷電粒子線装置、及び膜厚測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011046093A1 WO2011046093A1 PCT/JP2010/067824 JP2010067824W WO2011046093A1 WO 2011046093 A1 WO2011046093 A1 WO 2011046093A1 JP 2010067824 W JP2010067824 W JP 2010067824W WO 2011046093 A1 WO2011046093 A1 WO 2011046093A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/3002—Details
- H01J37/3005—Observing the objects or the point of impact on the object
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/02—Details
- H01J37/244—Detectors; Associated components or circuits therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/26—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
- H01J37/28—Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes with scanning beams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
- H01J37/305—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching
- H01J37/3053—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching for evaporating or etching
- H01J37/3056—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects for casting, melting, evaporating or etching for evaporating or etching for microworking, e.g. etching of gratings, trimming of electrical components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/244—Detection characterized by the detecting means
- H01J2237/24475—Scattered electron detectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/245—Detection characterised by the variable being measured
- H01J2237/24571—Measurements of non-electric or non-magnetic variables
- H01J2237/24578—Spatial variables, e.g. position, distance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2237/00—Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
- H01J2237/30—Electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects
- H01J2237/317—Processing objects on a microscale
- H01J2237/3174—Etching microareas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charged particle beam apparatus capable of monitoring a film thickness.
- FIB focused ion beam
- TEM Transmission Electron Microscope
- STEM scanning transmission electron microscope
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 3223431
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent No. 3221797
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a thin film processed by FIB is irradiated with an electron beam, the irradiation intensity and transmission intensity of the electron beam are detected, and the film thickness is monitored from this intensity ratio.
- Patent Document 4 discloses that a desired film thickness is determined from a change in signal luminance detected by a transmission electron detector or a scattered electron detector by irradiating a thin film processed with FIB with an electron beam. It is described to do.
- Japanese Patent No. 3223431 Japanese Patent No. 3221797 Japanese Patent No. 3119959 JP 2006-127850 A
- the irradiation amount of the electron beam to be irradiated is not necessarily constant because it varies depending on the state of the electron source. Due to this change in irradiation amount, the amount of transmitted electrons also varies. For this reason, in order to obtain accurate film thickness information, a film thickness calculation means capable of canceling the influence of the dose change is necessary.
- An object of the present invention relates to providing a charged particle beam apparatus capable of suppressing an error due to an external condition and accurately monitoring a film thickness.
- the present invention irradiates a sample with an electron beam, individually detects a signal for each region according to the scattering angle of a transmission electron beam, calculates the individual signal intensity from each other, and calculates an accurate film thickness. About.
- the present invention it is possible to process a thin film sample with an accurate film thickness, and it is possible to improve the accuracy of structural observation, elemental analysis, and the like.
- the figure which shows the structural example of a charged particle beam apparatus The figure which shows the structural example of a concentric circular division
- the figure explaining suitable light-receiving region selection of a transmission electron detector The figure which shows the element mapping image of a process sample.
- region of a transmission electron detector The figure which shows the example of GUI display of multiple area
- an electron beam optical system that irradiates an electron beam, a sample stage on which a sample is placed, a transmission electron detector that detects a transmission electron in which a detection unit is divided into a plurality of regions, and a plurality of regions
- a charged particle beam apparatus comprising: an arithmetic mechanism that calculates an intensity ratio between a transmission electron beam detected by a first region and a transmission electron beam detected by a second region; and a display device that displays a film thickness of the sample.
- the electron beam optical system irradiates the sample with an electron beam
- the detection unit detects the transmitted electron beam transmitted through the sample with a transmission electron detector divided into a plurality of regions.
- a film thickness measurement method for a sample that calculates the intensity ratio of the transmission electron beam detected by the first region and the transmission electron beam detected by the second region in the plurality of regions, and displays the film thickness of the sample by a display device Is disclosed.
- the embodiment discloses that the transmission electron beam intensity detected by the region detecting the transmission electron beam having a small scattering angle is divided by the transmission electron beam intensity detected by the region detecting the transmission electron having a large scattering angle. .
- the first region and / or the second region when the transmission electron beam detected by the first region and / or the second region satisfies a predetermined condition is disclosed.
- the first region and / or the second region is changed based on the constituent element of the sample at the location irradiated with the electron beam.
- the embodiment discloses that a spectroscopic detector for detecting a constituent element of a sample is provided.
- the spectral detector is an X-ray detector.
- an input device for inputting a constituent element of a sample is disclosed. Moreover, it discloses that the constituent elements of the sample are input to the arithmetic device by the input device.
- the embodiment discloses displaying the average film thickness in a desired region of the sample.
- the embodiment discloses that the film thickness distribution in a desired region of the sample is displayed.
- a charged particle beam apparatus including an ion beam optical system that irradiates a sample with an ion beam is disclosed. Moreover, it discloses that a thin film is formed on a sample by irradiating the sample with the ion beam by the ion beam optical system.
- the embodiment discloses that the ion beam irradiation is controlled based on the output of the calculation mechanism.
- a charged particle beam apparatus capable of simultaneously irradiating an ion beam and an electron beam is disclosed. Moreover, it discloses that the thin film formation on the sample by ion beam irradiation and the thin film measurement by electron beam irradiation are simultaneously performed.
- a charged particle beam apparatus including a transfer mechanism for transferring a sample piece separated from an original sample by ion beam processing is disclosed. Moreover, measuring the film thickness of the sample piece isolate
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of a charged particle beam apparatus.
- the charged particle beam apparatus includes a movable sample stage 102 on which the sample 101 is placed, a sample position control device 103 that controls the position of the sample stage 102 in order to specify the observation or processing position of the sample 101, An ion beam optical system 105 that performs processing by irradiating the sample 101 with the ion beam 104, an ion beam optical system controller 106 that controls the ion beam optical system 105, and secondary electrons that detect secondary electrons from the sample 101. It has a detector 107. The secondary electron detector 107 is controlled by the secondary electron detector control device 108.
- the electron beam optical system 110 that irradiates the sample 101 with the electron beam 109 is controlled by the electron beam optical system controller 111.
- the transmission electron detector 113 that detects the transmission electron beam 112 transmitted through the sample 101 is controlled by the transmission electron detector control device 114.
- the X-ray detector 115 that detects X-rays excited from the sample 101 by irradiation with the electron beam 109 is controlled by the X-ray detector control device 116.
- the central processing unit 117 for example, a personal computer or a workstation is generally used.
- a display device 118 that displays an output from the central processing unit 117 is provided.
- the sample stage 102, the ion beam optical system 105, the secondary electron detector 107, the electron beam optical system 110, the transmission electron detector 113, the X-ray detector 115, and the like are disposed in the vacuum container 119.
- the ion beam 104 formed by the ion beam optical system 105 is processed by irradiating the sample 101 placed on the sample stage 102, and the thickness of the sample 101 is determined by a signal from the transmission electron detector 113. Monitor.
- the ion beam optical system 105 is arranged in the vertical direction and the electron beam optical system 110 is arranged in the oblique direction.
- the arrangement form of the optical system is not limited to this.
- the ion beam optical system 105 may be disposed in an oblique direction
- the electron beam optical system 110 may be disposed in a vertical direction.
- both the ion beam optical system 105 and the electron beam optical system 110 may be arranged obliquely.
- FIG. 2 shows a detector having a detection region divided into concentric circular regions.
- the position of the detector 206 is controlled by the transmission electron detector control device 114 of FIG. 1 so that the position directly irradiated with the electron beam 109 when the sample 101 is not present is located in the central region 201 of the detector 206.
- the wiring 207 and the like are used to send signals in each region to the transmission electron detector control device 114.
- the detector 206 is composed of, for example, a semiconductor detector.
- the regions 201 to 205 are insulated from each other so that signals are not mixed with each other.
- an electron-hole pair depending on the energy of electrons is formed.
- the generation energy of electron-hole pairs at room temperature is about 3.6 eV. Therefore, if the energy of the transmission electron beam 112 is 30 kV, about 8000 electrons per electron. -Hole pairs will be generated. This electron-hole pair is detected as a current through the wiring 207, and the amount of transmitted electrons is monitored.
- the detector 206 does not necessarily need to be formed in one layer.
- a hole is formed in the region 201 and a detector is provided in the second layer, so that only electrons passing through the hole in the first layer are accurately detected. It is also possible to detect it. Moreover, it does not necessarily have to be concentric as shown in FIG. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the region 301 to 305 is configured and the region 301 is positioned so as to correspond to the region 201 in FIG. You may make it detect. In the case of this structure, there is an advantage that the structure is simple and it is easy to arrange in a narrow space. On the other hand, the concentric circular shape of FIG. 2 has an advantage that the amount of signal on the outside is large.
- FIG. 4 is a view of the detector 206 as seen from a cross section passing through the center thereof.
- the electron beam 109 irradiated to the sample 101 becomes a transmission electron beam 112 spread by the interaction with the sample, and is irradiated to the respective regions 201 to 205 of the detector 206.
- region 201 near the center is the electron beam which permeate
- a sample obtained by imaging a sample with a signal that is not relatively scattered is generally called a bright-field image (Bright-Field image, hereinafter referred to as BF image).
- the electron beam applied to the outer region 205 is an electron beam that has been greatly scattered in the sample 101.
- a sample obtained by imaging a sample with a signal that has been greatly scattered is generally called a dark field image (Dark-Field image, hereinafter referred to as DF image).
- DF image dark field image
- the boundary between BF and DF is not physically determined but relative.
- the areas 201 and 202 are BF
- the areas 203 to 205 are DF.
- the area 201 is BF1
- the area 202 is BF2
- the area 203 is DF1
- the area 204 is DF2
- the area 205 Will be referred to as DF3.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparatively thick sample.
- the probability that the electron beam is scattered becomes relatively large.
- the transmission electron beam 502 spreads, and many electron beams are irradiated also to the area
- the sample 601 is relatively thin as shown in FIG. 6, since the interaction with the sample atoms is small, the probability that the electron beam goes straight becomes relatively large. For this reason, the signal intensity of the areas 201 and 202 near the center is increased.
- the irradiation area is expressed as if it is an electron beam boundary line.
- the electron beam is not irradiated only on the inner side.
- whether the inner intensity tends to increase or not is merely expressed in a visually easy-to-understand manner, and actual electron beams are distributed in a certain proportion in the regions 201 to 205.
- FIG. 7 and 8 show the film thickness dependence of the signal intensity due to the light receiving region of the transmission electron detector.
- FIG. 7 representatively shows signal strength 701 of BF1 (signal of region 201) and signal strength 702 of DF3 (signal of region 205) in an easy-to-understand manner.
- the signal intensity 701 of BF1 increases as the film thickness decreases (goes to the left on the graph), while the signal intensity 702 of DF3 decreases (the left side on the graph). To go down).
- FIG. 8 also shows five regions, and each signal is normalized by a signal amount of a certain film thickness T0.
- the BF1 signal strength 801 monotonously increases as the film thickness decreases
- the BF2 signal strength 802 has a peak in the middle of the film thickness decrease
- the DF1 signal strength 803, the DF2 signal strength 804, and the DF3 signal strength 805 are films. It decreases monotonically due to the decrease in thickness.
- this tendency depends on the element and changes. For example, it is necessary to understand that DF1 does not necessarily decrease monotonously due to a decrease in film thickness, but in the case of a certain element (for example, silicon), it decreases monotonically as shown in FIG.
- This series of explanations is performed under the condition that a certain element (for example, silicon) has the tendency shown in FIGS.
- a certain element for example, silicon
- the film thickness can be calculated backward from the signal value of BF1, for example.
- the absolute value of the signal intensity 701 varies depending on the intensity of the electron beam 109.
- the intensity of the electron beam 109 varies depending on the conditions of the electron beam optical system 110 in FIG.
- a change in electron beam intensity caused by what can be controlled by the electron beam optical system controller 111, such as lens intensity, can be estimated to some extent.
- the electron beam intensity often fluctuates due to an unexpected change in the state of the electron source, and it is very difficult to keep the irradiation electron beam intensity constant. For this reason, when the irradiation electron beam intensity becomes weak, the signal intensity of the BF1 signal decreases from a signal intensity 901 to a signal intensity 902 as shown in FIG. In this case, even if the BF1 signal can be acquired, the correct film thickness cannot be calculated because it is not known which of the signal intensity 901 and the signal intensity 902 is correct.
- the signal intensity decreases from the signal intensity 1001 to the signal intensity 1002.
- the reduction ratio from the signal intensity 901 to the signal intensity 902 due to the decrease in the amount of irradiated electrons is equal to the reduction ratio from the signal intensity 1001 to the signal intensity 1002. Therefore, if the BF1 signal is divided by the DF3 signal, the fluctuation of the electron beam 109 can be canceled.
- a graph of the film thickness dependence of this division signal is shown in FIG. As described above, the effect of fluctuations in irradiation electron intensity can be ignored by dividing.
- the BF1 signal, the DF3 signal, and the like can be simultaneously acquired by the detector of FIG. 2, it is possible to acquire the division result in real time with irradiation.
- BF1 whose signal monotonously increases as the film thickness decreases, is monotonously decreased and divided by DF3 having the largest rate of change, so that it is steeper than any signal shown in FIG. Can be obtained. That the signal changes sharply with respect to the film thickness means that the film thickness resolution becomes higher. That is, if the obtained BF1 / DF3 intensity is A, the film thickness T can be calculated with high accuracy.
- FIG. 12 shows a case of a relatively light element sample (having a small atomic weight).
- the probability that the electron beam is scattered becomes relatively small. Since the probability that the transmission electron beam 1202 goes straight is relatively large, the signal intensity of the region 201 and the region 202 near the center is increased.
- the sample 1301 is a relatively heavy element (having a large atomic weight) as shown in FIG. 13, the interaction with the sample atom is large, so that the electron beam is relatively spread, and the outer region 205 has a large amount.
- An electron beam will be irradiated.
- the irradiation area is expressed as if it were the boundary line of the electron beam.
- the electron beam is not irradiated only on the inner side, and the sample constituent elements are light.
- the heavy one it is merely expressed in a visually easy-to-understand manner whether the inner strength tends to increase or not, and the actual electron beam is distributed in a certain proportion in the regions 201 to 205.
- FIG. 14 shows the signal strength of BF1 (the signal of the region 201).
- the signal intensity 1401 when the sample material is carbon (atomic weight 12.01)
- the signal intensity 1402 when silicon (atomic weight 28.09)
- the signal intensity 1403 when tungsten (atomic weight 183.9) are shown. Show.
- the signal intensity of BF2 (the signal of the region 202) is shown in FIG.
- the signal intensity 1501 of carbon and the signal intensity 1502 of silicon have a peak in the middle.
- this BF2 signal is used in the film thickness monitor, for example, in the case of carbon, for one signal intensity A, two film thicknesses T1 and T2 are calculated backward, and it cannot be determined which is correct. This occurs when there is a peak in the middle even when the signal division as described with reference to FIG. 11 is used.
- the signal intensity 1503 of BF2 since the signal intensity 1503 of BF2 does not have a peak in the middle, it can be used for film thickness monitoring.
- the usable area and the unusable areas 201 to 205 vary depending on the constituent elements of the sample.
- this DF3 signal is used as a denominator as shown in FIG. 11, it diverges and the film thickness cannot be monitored.
- the signal strength 1603 of the inner DF2 (the signal of the region 204) has a sufficient signal strength even in the thin region 1602, and is desirably used as a denominator of division instead of DF3 of FIG.
- a method of using another region for example, an inner region as a denominator is very effective.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of a problem in the case of tungsten.
- the signal intensity 1701 of BF1 (the signal of the area 201) is almost zero in the thick area 1702.
- this BF1 signal is used for the numerator, the signal becomes almost zero and the film thickness cannot be monitored.
- the signal intensity 1703 of BF2 (the signal of the area 202) on the outermost side has a sufficient signal intensity even in the thick area 1702, and it is desirable to use it for the numerator of division instead of BF1 in FIG.
- a method of using another (for example, the outer) region for the molecule is very effective.
- a region to be used for division may be determined in advance for the element, and a method of changing the region when the signal intensity becomes smaller than a predetermined signal intensity Aw is also possible.
- Element information can be obtained from the signal of the X-ray detector 115 of FIG. 1, for example. That is, by irradiating the sample 101 with the electron beam 109 and detecting X-rays generated from the irradiated region, it is possible to specify the element in that region. Therefore, by scanning the electron beam 109 on the cross section of the sample 101, an element mapping image as shown in FIG. 18 can be obtained.
- colors are displayed for each element, and the regions 1801, 1802, 1803, 1804, and 1805 are composed of different elements.
- the content density for each element may be displayed by contrast or the like.
- X-ray detection for acquiring the mapping image and signal detection of each of the areas 201 to 205 in the transmission electron beam detector of FIG. 2, for example, can be performed simultaneously. Therefore, while obtaining element information by X-ray detection, the optimum detection region for the film thickness monitor is selected from the regions 201 to 205, and the signal intensity ratio of the selected region is obtained by calculation processing. It is possible to calculate the thickness.
- element information acquisition by X-ray detection is described here, element information can be obtained in the same manner even when other means such as electron energy loss spectroscopy or reflection electron energy spectroscopy is used. Is available.
- the constituent elements of the sample 101 are known by design, such as a semiconductor device.
- the element can be designated in advance by the user.
- the region 1901 and the region 1902 in FIG. 19 are designated on the GUI on an image formed by secondary electrons, reflected electrons, or transmitted electrons by scanning with the electron beam 109.
- the constituent elements of the region 1901 The user inputs in the input area 1903.
- silicon (Si) is selected from the pull-down menu.
- a detection region optimal for silicon from the regions 201 to 205 for example, select the region 201 for the numerator and 205 for the denominator. It becomes possible.
- the X-ray detector 115 and the X-ray detector control device 116 of FIG. 1 can be removed from the apparatus configuration by manually inputting the element species.
- the energy of the irradiated electrons is constant (for example, 30 kV).
- the energy of the irradiated electrons can actually be changed.
- the amount of transmitted electrons changes depending on the energy of irradiated electrons, and the signal ratio itself of the regions 201 to 205 of the detector 206 also changes. That is, the signal intensity shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, FIG.
- the signal intensity of the entire transmitted electrons decreases as the energy of the irradiated electrons decreases, but the regions 201 to 205 do not decrease at the same rate, and the amount of transmitted electrons on the region 201 side (near the center) does not decrease.
- the reduction is greater.
- the calibration curve corresponding to FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 14, 15, 17, etc. is also changed. It is desirable that the regions 201 to 205 to be used are also changed depending on the energy of the irradiation electrons.
- the policy for selecting the optimum region for the calculation is the same as that described above.
- FIGS. 20 to 26 show the display method of the film thickness when the film thickness information is acquired by the above method.
- a secondary electron image 2001 in FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional image of the sample 101.
- the sample is not limited to a secondary electron image, and may be a transmission electron image, a reflection electron image, an element mapping image, or the like.
- An image of 101 is desirable. This is because the position error of the region designated for the film thickness monitor does not occur because it has the same deflection scanning information as the electron beam 109 used for the film thickness monitor.
- the cursor 2002 when the position where the film thickness is desired to be monitored is designated by the cursor 2002, the film thickness calculated by the above method is displayed in the film thickness display area 2003.
- the meter display area 2101 in FIG. 21 is configured to indicate a needle that can swing the film thickness value at the cursor position.
- the change in film thickness depending on the position can be visually recognized.
- the film thickness is monitored simultaneously with the processing by the ion beam 104 using the meter display area 2101, it is possible to visually recognize the state in which the film thickness is decreased by the processing by the shake of the meter needle. Easy to understand the situation.
- a pop-up display as shown in FIG. 22 is possible.
- a pop-up 2201 is a balloon displayed near the cursor position, and displays the film thickness corresponding to the cursor position such as a secondary electron image as a numerical value inside the balloon. Thereby, the film thickness can be recognized without taking the eyes off the secondary electron image 2001.
- FIG. 23 shows an example of numerical film thickness display by region designation.
- a monitor area 2301 in FIG. 23 is an area where information is averaged, and the size and position can be changed. For example, the size can be set by a drag operation, and the position can be changed by a cursor, a cross key on the keyboard, or the like.
- the film thickness in this area is displayed in the film thickness display area 2302. Note that a meter display as shown in FIG. 24 or a pop-up display as shown in FIG. 25 may be used.
- a sharp in-plane film thickness change hardly occurs. Therefore, when measuring the film thickness produced by the ion beam, if such an area average film thickness display is used, FIG. More stable information than the point data as shown in FIG. 22 can be obtained.
- the calculated film thickness is assigned to contrast, pseudo color, or the like, and the film thickness distribution of the region corresponding to the secondary electron image or the like is changed by contrast change or color change. It may be displayed in the display area 2601. In this case, it is possible to overlook the film thickness distribution depending on the position.
- the film thickness can be recognized by comparing the contrast between the contrast bar 2602 and the film thickness distribution display area 2601, for example. In the example of FIG. 26, it can be seen that the upward direction is thin, and the thickness increases as it goes downward.
- an accurate numerical value or the like may be displayed as shown in FIGS. 20 to 25 by bringing a cursor or an average area on the film thickness distribution display area 2601. In this case, it is possible to recognize both the overall trend and the detailed numerical value.
- FIG. 27 shows a GUI display example of the light receiving region of the transmission electron detector.
- the molecule use area display unit 2701 in FIG. 27 displays the area used for the numerator of calculation, and in the example of FIG. 27, the BF1 signal is selected from the area 201.
- the denominator use area display unit 2702 displays an area used for the denominator of calculation, and in this example, the DF3 signal is selected from the area 205. While displaying the region of the detector thus selected, the user designates the region of the detector by selecting the region of the numerator use region display unit 2701 and the denominator use region display unit 2702 with the cursor. It is also possible. Furthermore, as shown in the example of the denominator use area display unit 2801 in FIG. 28, addition of a plurality of areas can be used for the denominator and the like. The same applies to the molecule use area display section.
- the arithmetic processing between the signals of the areas 201 to 205 selected in this way is performed by a semiconductor device included in the transmission electron detector control device 114. For this reason, high-speed real-time processing is possible.
- the film thickness of the sample to be ion beam processed can be accurately monitored, so that high-precision observation and analysis sample preparation are possible.
- FIG. 29 shows a configuration example of a charged particle beam apparatus with a function of extracting a small sample piece.
- the original sample stage 2901 can place an original sample 2902 such as a semiconductor wafer, a chip or a lump.
- a probe 2903 for extracting a sample piece from the original sample 2902 is held at the tip of the probe driving mechanism 2904.
- a probe controller 2905 controls the probe position and the like.
- An assist gas source 2906 for supplying an assist gas used for ion beam assist deposition or ion beam assist etching is controlled by a gas source control device 2907.
- the probe control device 2905, the gas source control device 2907, and the like are controlled by the central processing unit 117. Instead of the probe, a microfork that can sandwich the sample piece or a micromanipulator that can hold the sample piece may be used.
- FIG. 30 shows a flow of extracting a small sample piece.
- the three rectangular holes 3002, 3003, and 3004 are processed by the ion beam 3001 around the desired cross section (in the direction of three sides) of the original sample 2902 placed on the original sample stage 2901.
- a deposition film 3009 (a tungsten film in this embodiment) is formed by irradiating an ion beam 3001 to a region including the probe tip while supplying a deposition gas 3008 from an assist gas source 2906, and a sample piece. 3007 and the probe 2903 are fixed.
- the ion beam 3001 is irradiated in parallel to the desired cross section and processed to near the desired cross section.
- FIB processing is performed on both sides little by little while repeating the above (b) and (c) to finish the target thin film.
- a thin film sample having a desired film thickness can be prepared by irradiating the thin film portion with an electron beam as shown in Example 1 and monitoring the film thickness during or between the thin film processes. It becomes possible. Further, when the thin film processing of FIGS. 31 (b) and (c) is automatically performed, the processing of FIGS. 31 (b) and (c) is automatically repeated until the film thickness is set in advance, and the film thickness set in advance is set. If the film thickness monitor information matches, the processing, that is, ion beam irradiation is stopped.
- the sample piece as shown in the present embodiment can be held on the thin sample carrier 3010, the possibility of shielding the electron beam transmission for film thickness monitoring is reduced, and accurate film thickness monitoring is facilitated. Can be done. This is also effective in obtaining element information by detecting X-rays described in Example 1, and the possibility that incorrect element information is obtained by irradiating scattered electrons in the vicinity region is reduced. Accurate film thickness measurement can be realized. In addition, since it is possible to perform operations such as processing a sample with a precise film thickness for a desired observation section from a large original sample in a single vacuum sample chamber, a sample that changes in quality by reacting with the atmosphere. In this case, a thin film sample can be reliably produced, and the processing throughput can be improved.
- FIG. 32 shows a configuration example of a charged particle beam apparatus with a gas ion beam.
- a gas ion beam optical system 3201 that irradiates the sample 101 with a gas ion beam is controlled by a gas ion beam optical system controller 3202.
- the gas ion beam optical system control device 3202 is controlled from the central processing unit 117 in the same manner as other control device devices.
- a gallium ion beam is generally used as the ion beam 104 used for thin film processing. This is because the focusability of the gallium ion beam is excellent and it is effective for microfabrication. However, since gallium itself is a heavy metal, it is not preferable for analysis or the like that gallium remains in the processed sample. Furthermore, in order to focus the beam finely, high acceleration is necessary, but when processing with a high acceleration ion beam, a layer called a damage layer is formed. For example, when the sample to be processed is a silicon crystal, if the sample is processed with an accelerated gallium ion beam of about 30 kV, the silicon crystal is broken and an amorphous layer of about 30 nm is formed on one side.
- argon or xenon is often used as the gas ion.
- the thin film is irradiated with these gas ions at a low acceleration of, for example, 1 kV or less and finished.
- FIG. 33 shows this state.
- the sample thin film is irradiated with a gas ion beam 3301 and the region 3302 is irradiated.
- the gas ion beam is widely irradiated as a final finish.
- the processing is controlled not by the irradiation position management but by the time management.
- the present invention contributes to improvement of semiconductor device failure analysis and structure analysis technology.
- the present invention can be used not only for semiconductor devices but also for high-resolution observation of steel, light metals, polymer polymers, biological samples, and the like.
- the merit that a sample having an accurate film thickness can be produced by an apparatus in which ion beam processing and a film thickness monitor are integrated has been described.
- the present invention can also be used for an apparatus for measuring the film thickness of a sample manufactured by another ion beam apparatus or a sample manufactured by mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, or the like.
Abstract
Description
102 試料ステージ
103 試料位置制御装置
104,3001 イオンビーム
105 イオンビーム光学系
106 イオンビーム光学系制御装置
107 二次電子検出器
108 二次電子検出器制御装置
109 電子線
110 電子線光学系
111 電子線光学系制御装置
112,502,1202 透過電子線
113 透過電子検出器
114 透過電子検出器制御装置
115 X線検出器
116 X線検出器制御装置
117 中央処理装置
118 表示装置
201~205,301~305,1801~1805,1901,1902,3302 領域
206 検出器
701,702,801~805,901,902,1001,1002,1101,1401~1403,1501~1503,1601,1603,1701,1703 信号強度
1602 薄い領域
1702 厚い領域
1903 元素入力領域
2001 二次電子像
2002 カーソル
2003,2302 膜厚表示領域
2101 メータ表示領域
2201 ポップアップ
2301 モニタ領域
2601 膜厚分布表示領域
2602 コントラストバー
2701 分子使用領域表示部
2702,2801 分母使用領域表示部
2901 元試料台
2902 元試料
2903 プローブ
2904 プローブ駆動機構
2905 プローブ制御装置
2906 アシストガス源
2907 ガス源制御装置
3002~3004 矩形穴
3005 溝
3006 支持部
3007 試料片
3008 デポジションガス
3009,3011 デポジション膜
3010 サンプルキャリア
3201 ガスイオンビーム光学系
3202 ガスイオンビーム光学系制御装置
3301 ガスイオンビーム
Claims (26)
- 電子線を照射する電子線光学系と、試料を載置する試料台と、透過電子を検出する透過電子検出器を有する荷電粒子線装置において、
前記透過電子検出器の検出部が複数の領域に分割されており、
当該複数の領域における第1の領域が検出した透過電子線と第2の領域が検出した透過電子線の強度比を演算する演算機構と、
前記試料の膜厚を表示する表示装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記演算機構は、散乱角の小さな透過電子線を検出する領域が検出した透過電子線強度を、散乱角の大きな透過電子を検出する領域が検出した透過電子線強度により除することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記演算機構は、前記第1の領域、及び/又は前記第2の領域が検出した透過電子線検出が所定条件となった場合に、前記第1の領域、及び/又は前記第2の領域を変更することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記演算機構は、電子線が照射されている箇所における試料の構成元素に基づいて、前記第1の領域、及び/又は前記第2の領域を変更することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記試料の構成元素を検出する分光検出器を備えることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項5記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記分光検出器がX線検出器であることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記試料の構成元素を入力する入力装置を備えることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記表示装置は、前記試料の所望領域における平均膜厚を表示することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記表示装置は、前記試料の所望領域における膜厚分布を表示することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項1記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記試料に対してイオンビームを照射するイオンビーム光学系を備えることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項10記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
前記イオンビーム光学系は、前記演算機構の出力に基づいてイオンビームの照射を制御することを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項10記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
イオンビームと電子線を同時に照射できることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 請求項10記載の荷電粒子線装置において、
イオンビーム加工により元試料から分離された試料片を移送する移送機構を備えることを特徴とする荷電粒子線装置。 - 試料の膜厚測定方法であって、
電子線光学系により、試料に電子線を照射し、
検出部が複数の領域に分割された透過電子検出器により、前記試料を透過した透過電子線を検出し、
演算機構により、前記複数の領域における第1の領域が検出した透過電子線と第2の領域が検出した透過電子線の強度比を演算し、
表示装置により、前記試料の膜厚を表示する膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記演算機構により、散乱角の小さな透過電子線を検出する領域が検出した透過電子線強度を、散乱角の大きな透過電子を検出する領域が検出した透過電子線強度により除することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記第1の領域、及び/又は前記第2の領域が検出した透過電子線検出が所定条件となった場合に、前記第1の領域、及び/又は前記第2の領域を変更することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
電子線が照射されている箇所における試料の構成元素に基づいて、前記第1領域、及び/又は前記第2領域を変更することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
分光検出器により、前記試料の構成元素を検出することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項18記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記分光検出器がX線検出器であることを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
入力装置により、前記試料の構成元素を前記演算機構に入力することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記試料の所望領域における平均膜厚を表示することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記試料の所望領域における膜厚分布を表示することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項14記載の膜厚測定方法において、
イオンビーム光学系により前記試料に対してイオンビームを照射し、前記試料に薄膜を形成することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項23記載の膜厚測定方法において、
前記イオンビーム光学系は、前記演算機構の出力に基づいてイオンビームの照射を制御することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項23記載の膜厚測定方法において、
イオンビーム照射による前記試料への薄膜形成と、電子線照射による薄膜測定とを同時に実施することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。 - 請求項23記載の膜厚測定方法において、
イオンビーム加工により元試料から分離された試料片の膜厚を測定することを特徴とする膜厚測定方法。
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