WO2011043280A1 - セルロース系樹脂およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロース系樹脂およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011043280A1 WO2011043280A1 PCT/JP2010/067334 JP2010067334W WO2011043280A1 WO 2011043280 A1 WO2011043280 A1 WO 2011043280A1 JP 2010067334 W JP2010067334 W JP 2010067334W WO 2011043280 A1 WO2011043280 A1 WO 2011043280A1
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- cellulose
- derivative
- group
- acid
- cardanol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/08—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids of monobasic organic acids with three or more carbon atoms, e.g. propionate or butyrate
- C08B3/10—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids of monobasic organic acids with three or more carbon atoms, e.g. propionate or butyrate with five or more carbon-atoms, e.g. valerate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/16—Preparation of mixed organic cellulose esters, e.g. cellulose aceto-formate or cellulose aceto-propionate
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose resin and a method for producing the same.
- Bioplastics made from plants can contribute to oil depletion countermeasures and global warming countermeasures, and in addition to general products such as packaging, containers, and fibers, they are also being used in durable products such as electronic devices and automobiles.
- Cellulose is a polymer in which ⁇ -glucose is polymerized, but has high crystallinity, so it is hard and brittle and has no thermoplasticity. Furthermore, since it contains many hydroxyl groups, it has high water absorption and low water resistance. Therefore, various studies for improving the characteristics of cellulose have been conducted.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-255801 discloses a biodegradable graft polymer having thermoplasticity obtained by ring-opening graft polymerization of ⁇ -caprolactone to cellulose acetate having a hydroxyl group. .
- non-edible part components other than cellulose are also being developed.
- cardanol derived from cashew nut shells and rosin derived from rosin (especially abietic acid, which is the main component) have a stable molecular output and are excellent in functionality due to their characteristic molecular structure. Has been applied.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-8035 discloses a fiber substrate made of aramid pulp and cellulose fiber, a filler made of calcium carbonate and cashew dust, and a binder made of phenol resin.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-32869 discloses a friction material formed using a base substrate made of aramid fibers and cellulose fibers, a filler made of graphite and cashew dust, and an organic-inorganic composite binder. Has been. It is described that this friction material is applied to clutch facing of a power transmission system such as an automobile.
- Non-Patent Document 1 (George John et al., Polymer Bulletin, 22, p. 89-94 (1989)) describes a grafting reaction in which a paper sheet is immersed in cardanol and the cardanol is bonded to cellulose constituting the paper sheet. It is described that the water resistance of paper can be improved by performing the above. In this grafting reaction, it is described that a terminal double bond of cardanol and a hydroxy group of cellulose are bonded in the presence of boron trifluoride diethyl ether (BF 3 -OEt 2 ).
- boron trifluoride diethyl ether BF 3 -OEt 2
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-86334 describes addition of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and / or ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and purified rosin.
- a colorless rosin derivative obtained by subjecting the reaction product to a hydrogenation reaction is disclosed, and is described as being suitable for a pigment coating agent, a paper sizing agent, a flux and the like.
- Patent Document 5 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-33395 discloses rosins, polyhydric alcohols, trivalent or higher polyvalent carboxylic acids or anhydrides, and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated polybasic acids. An esterification reaction product obtained by reaction is disclosed as a sizing agent component.
- Non-Patent Document 2 (Muhammad A. Hussain, Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 46, p.747-752 (2008)) describes hydroxypropylcellulose derivatives grafted with abietic acid. . This derivative is described as exhibiting swellability with respect to water and organic solvents, and may be applied to sustained-release agents.
- Cellulosic bioplastics are insufficient in strength, heat resistance, water resistance, and thermoplasticity due to the influence of the characteristics of cellulose itself. Especially, these characteristics are necessary for application to durable products such as exteriors for electronic devices. Improvement is necessary.
- Cellulosic bioplastics can also be reduced in heat resistance and strength (especially rigidity) by adding a plasticizer to improve the thermoplasticity, or by reducing the uniformity of the plasticizer and bleeding out the plasticizer. Problem of seeping out).
- plasticizer made of petroleum raw material
- the plant utilization rate is lowered.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cellulosic resin having a high plantiness and a high utilization rate of non-edible parts, and a method for producing the same, with improved thermoplasticity, mechanical properties and water resistance.
- a cellulose resin in which cardanol or a derivative thereof and abietic acid or a derivative thereof are bonded to cellulose or a derivative thereof.
- a molding material containing the above cellulose resin as a base resin.
- a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group of cellulose and a phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol is reacted with cardanol to form a cardanol derivative;
- a method for producing a cellulose-based resin comprising a step of reacting the cardanol derivative and abietic acid or a derivative thereof with cellulose or a derivative thereof, and binding the cardanol derivative and the abietic acid or a derivative thereof to the cellulose or the derivative thereof. Is done.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a cellulosic resin having improved plant properties and high utilization rate of non-edible parts, and a method for producing the same, with improved thermoplasticity, mechanical properties, and water resistance.
- the cellulosic resin according to an embodiment of the present invention is obtained by grafting cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) to cellulose (or a derivative thereof) in a graft form (hereinafter “grafted”). is there.
- Such grafting can improve mechanical properties (particularly toughness) and water resistance.
- the amount of plasticizer added can be reduced or the plasticizer need not be added.
- a decrease in heat resistance and strength (particularly rigidity) can be suppressed as compared with a cellulose resin to which a plasticizer is added, the homogeneity of the resin can be increased, and the problem of bleeding out can be solved.
- the addition amount of the plasticizer made of petroleum raw material can be reduced or not added, the plant property can be improved as a result.
- cellulose, cardanol, and abietic acid are all non-edible parts of plants, the utilization rate of non-edible parts can be increased.
- Cellulose is a linear polymer of ⁇ -glucose represented by the following formula (1), and each glucose unit has three hydroxyl groups (hydroxy groups). Using these hydroxyl groups, cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) can be grafted.
- Cellulose is a main component of vegetation and is obtained by separating other components such as lignin from vegetation. In addition to those obtained in this manner, cotton or pulp having a high cellulose content can be purified or used as it is.
- the polymerization degree of cellulose is preferably in the range of 50 to 5000, more preferably 100 to 3000, as the glucose polymerization degree. If the degree of polymerization is too low, the strength, heat resistance, etc. of the produced resin may not be sufficient. On the other hand, if the degree of polymerization is too high, the melt viscosity of the produced resin becomes too high, which may hinder molding.
- Cellulose (or a derivative thereof) may be mixed with chitin or chitosan having a similar structure. When mixed, 30% by mass or less is preferable, and 20% by mass or less is preferable, 10 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- examples of the cellulose derivative include those obtained by acylating, etherifying, or grafting a part of these hydroxyl groups.
- organic acid esters such as cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, and cellulose propionate
- inorganic acid esters such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose sulfate, and cellulose phosphate
- cellulose acetate propionate cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate
- Examples include hybrid esters such as phthalate and cellulose nitrate acetate; etherified celluloses such as methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- cellulose grafted with styrene (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, ⁇ -caprolactone, lactide, glycolide and the like.
- esterified cellulose, etherified cellulose, and grafted cellulose may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- cellulose for example, at least one acylated cellulose selected from cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, and cellulose butyrate in which a part of the hydroxyl group is acylated is preferably used.
- acylated cellulose selected from cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, and cellulose butyrate in which a part of the hydroxyl group is acylated is preferably used.
- cellulose derivative is used to include both a cellulose compound and a compound having a cellulose skeleton obtained by introducing a functional group biologically or chemically from cellulose as a raw material.
- Cardanol is a component contained in cashew nut shells, and is an organic compound composed of a phenol moiety and a linear hydrocarbon moiety represented by the following formula (2).
- a cardanol component obtained by extraction and purification from cashew nut shell liquid can be used.
- the linear hydrocarbon portion of cardanol contributes to the improvement of the flexibility and hydrophobicity of the resin, and the phenol portion has a highly reactive phenolic hydroxyl group used for grafting.
- a cellulosic structure to which cardanol (or a derivative thereof) is imparted in a brush shape is formed.
- mechanical properties In particular, the toughness can be improved, thermoplasticity can be imparted, and the water resistance can be improved by the hydrophobicity of cardanol.
- Grafting can be performed by a dehydration bond reaction between a phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and a hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof).
- a dehydration catalyst such as sulfuric acid, toluenesulfonic acid or hydrogen chloride can be added.
- a cellulose carbon atom to which a hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and a cardanol carbon atom to which a phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) is bonded are connected via an oxygen atom.
- grafting can be performed using a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group of cellulose and a phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol.
- a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group of cellulose and a phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol.
- the cellulose carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and the cardanol carbon atom to which the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) is bonded are linked via an organic linking group.
- the graft reaction efficiency can be improved and side reactions can be suppressed.
- the organic linking group is selected from a first bond selected from an ester bond, an ether bond and a urethane bond bonded to the cellulose carbon atom, and an ester bond, an ether bond and a urethane bond bonded to the cardanol carbon atom.
- a second bond may be included.
- this polyfunctional compound and cardanol are bonded using the phenolic hydroxyl group of this cardanol and the functional group of this polyfunctional compound, and the obtained cardanol derivative and cellulose (or a derivative thereof) are combined with this cellulose (or a derivative thereof). Or a derivative thereof) and a functional group (functional group derived from a polyfunctional compound) of the cardanol derivative.
- the hydroxyl group of cellulose (or its derivative) and the hydroxyl group of cardanol (or its derivative) disappear to form a graft bond, and the hydrophobic structure of cardanol is introduced into cellulose (or its derivative). Water resistance can be improved.
- the use of the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol and the hydroxyl group of cellulose can improve the efficiency of the grafting reaction and the molecular structure formed. From the viewpoint of water resistance, it is preferable.
- Such grafting is more efficient because it uses a highly reactive phenolic hydroxyl group compared to grafting that utilizes unsaturated bonds (double bonds) in the linear hydrocarbon portion of cardanol. Grafting can be realized.
- the phenol part of cardanol reacts with cellulose and is immobilized, so that the interaction between the linear hydrocarbon parts of the grafted cardanol is increased and the mechanical properties are increased. It is possible to obtain the desired improvement effect. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol is eliminated and grafted, it is advantageous from the viewpoint of improving water resistance (suppressing water absorption) as compared with grafting not using phenolic hydroxyl group. .
- the polyfunctional compound and the organic linking group preferably include a hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 2 or more, and preferably 20 or less carbon atoms, or 14 or less carbon atoms. Is more preferable, and 8 or less is more preferable. If the number of carbon atoms is too large, the molecule becomes too large and the reactivity decreases, and as a result, it may be difficult to increase the grafting rate.
- a divalent group is preferable, and a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a heptamethylene group, an octamethylene group, a decamethylene group, a dodecamethylene group, Divalent linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group (straight chain alkylene group) such as hexadecamemethylene group; cycloheptane ring, cyclohexane ring, cyclooctane ring, bicyclopentane ring, tricyclohexane ring, bicyclooctane ring, bicyclononane ring And divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as a tricyclodecane ring; divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and a biphenylene group, and
- the rigidity of the resin can be improved due to their rigidity.
- the hydrocarbon group is a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, the toughness of the resin can be improved due to its flexibility.
- the functional group of the polyfunctional compound is preferably a group selected from a carboxyl group, a carboxylic anhydride group, a carboxylic acid halide group (particularly a carboxylic acid chloride group), an acrylic group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a halogen group.
- a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid anhydride group, a halogen group (particularly a chloride group), and an isocyanate group are preferable.
- As the functional group to be reacted with the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol a carboxylic anhydride group, a halogen group (especially a chloride group) and an isocyanate group are particularly preferable.
- a carboxylic acid halide group (particularly a carboxylic acid chloride group), an acid anhydride group, an acrylic group, and an isocyanate group are particularly preferable.
- the carboxylic acid halide group can be formed by acid-haliding a carboxyl group before grafting.
- the acid anhydride group may be oligomerized.
- Such a polyfunctional compound include dicarboxylic acid, carboxylic anhydride, dicarboxylic acid halide, monochlorocarboxylic acid, acrylic acid and derivatives thereof, and diisocyanates.
- dicarboxylic acids include malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, pentadecanedicarboxylic acid, and hexadecanedicarboxylic acid
- carboxylic acid anhydrides include these dicarboxylic acids. Examples include acid anhydrides and maleic anhydride. Maleic anhydride may be oligomerized.
- dicarboxylic acid halide examples include acid halides of these dicarboxylic acids.
- Monochlorocarboxylic acids include monochloroacetic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid, 3-fluoropropionic acid, 4-chlorobutyric acid, 4-fluorobutyric acid, 5-chlorovaleric acid, 5-fluorovaleric acid, 6-chlorohexanoic acid, 6 -Fluorohexanoic acid, 8-chlorooctanoic acid, 8-fluorooctanoic acid, 12-chlorododecanoic acid, 12-fluorododecanoic acid, 18-chlorostearic acid, 18-fluorostearic acid.
- acrylic acid and its derivatives include acrylic acid, acrylic acid chloride, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid chloride.
- Diisocyanates include tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), tolidine diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate.
- IPDI xylylene diisocyanate
- XDI xylylene diisocyanate
- TMXDI tetramethylxylene diisocyanate
- 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate 1,8-diisocyanate methyloctane
- lysine ester triisocyanate 1 , 3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI: hydrogenated MDI) And the like.
- tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) can be preferably used.
- a functional group of such a polyfunctional compound is reacted with the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol to form a cardanol derivative, and the cardanol derivative and cellulose (or a derivative thereof) are converted into the hydroxyl group of cellulose (or a derivative thereof) and the cardanol. It can couple
- a carboxylic acid-based polyfunctional compound (dicarboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride or monochlorocarboxylic acid) is reacted with cardanol, the phenolic hydroxyl group of this cardanol and the functional group of this polyfunctional compound (carboxyl group, carboxylic acid anhydride) Group or a halogen group (especially a chloride group) is reacted to form a cardanol derivative, and the remaining functional group (carboxyl group) is converted into a carboxylic acid halide group (particularly a carboxylic acid chloride group).
- Grafting can be carried out by reacting this cardanol derivative with cellulose (or a derivative thereof) and reacting the hydroxyl group of the cellulose (or derivative thereof) with the carboxylic acid halide group of the cardanol derivative. In this case, grafting can be performed very efficiently.
- the cellulose carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group of cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and the hydrocarbon group of the polyfunctional compound are, for example, an ester bond, an ether bond or a urethane bond, preferably Is bonded via an ester bond
- the cardanol carbon atom to which the phenolic hydroxyl group of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) is bonded to the organic linking group of the polyfunctional compound is, for example, an ester bond, an ether bond or a urethane bond, preferably Are bonded through an ester bond or an ether bond.
- Cardanol is preferably converted to a saturated bond by hydrogenation of an unsaturated bond (double bond) of the linear hydrocarbon portion of cardanol.
- the conversion rate (hydrogenation rate) of unsaturated bonds by hydrogenation is preferably 90 mol% or more, and more preferably 95 mol% or more.
- the residual ratio of unsaturated bonds in cardanol after hydrogenation is preferably 0.2 or less, more preferably 0.1 or less.
- the aromatic ring of the phenol part of cardanol may be hydrogenated and converted into a cyclohexane ring.
- cardanol (or a derivative thereof) is grafted to cellulose (or a derivative thereof) with many unsaturated bonds in the linear hydrocarbon moiety, side reactions are likely to occur, and the grafting may not be performed efficiently. In some cases, the solubility of the grafted product in the solvent may be significantly reduced.
- grafting a cardanol derivative in which unsaturated bonds in the straight-chain hydrocarbon moiety are sufficiently converted to saturated bonds by hydrogenation side reactions are suppressed and grafting can be performed efficiently. It is possible to suppress a decrease in solubility of the chemical product in a solvent.
- the method for hydrogenation is not particularly limited, and a normal method can be used.
- the catalyst include noble metals such as palladium, ruthenium, and rhodium, nickel, or a metal selected from these metals supported on a support such as activated carbon, activated alumina, or diatomaceous earth.
- a reaction system a batch system in which a reaction is performed while suspending and stirring a powdered catalyst, or a continuous system using a reaction tower filled with a molded catalyst can be employed.
- the solvent for hydrogenation may not be used depending on the method of hydrogenation. However, when a solvent is used, alcohols, ethers, esters, and saturated hydrocarbons are usually used.
- the reaction temperature at the time of hydrogenation is not particularly limited, but can usually be set to 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 50 to 200 ° C. If the reaction temperature is too low, the hydrogenation rate will be slow, and conversely if too high, the decomposition products may increase.
- the hydrogen pressure at the time of hydrogenation is usually 10 to 80 kgf / cm 2 (9.8 ⁇ 10 5 to 78.4 ⁇ 10 5 Pa), preferably 20 to 50 kgf / cm 2 (19.6 ⁇ 10 5 to 49). 0.0 ⁇ 10 5 Pa).
- Hydrogenation can be performed before the cardanol derivative is formed, after the cardanol derivative is formed, before the grafting, and after the cardanol derivative is grafted. From the viewpoint of hydrogenation and grafting reaction efficiency, etc. Before the grafting of the cardanol derivative is preferable, and before the formation of the cardanol derivative is more preferable.
- the ratio (grafting rate) of cardanol (or derivative thereof) bound to cellulose (or derivative thereof) to cellulose (or derivative thereof) is cardanol (or derivative thereof) per glucose unit of cellulose (or derivative thereof).
- DS CD is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and still more preferably 0.2 or more. If the DS CD is too low, the effect of grafting may not be sufficiently obtained.
- Abietic acid exists as a main component of rosin, and has a rigid and hydrophobic hydrocarbon moiety represented by the following formula (3) and a reactive functional group (carboxyl group).
- a reactive functional group carboxyl group
- those derived from pine resin can be supplied stably.
- the grafting of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) can be performed using the carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof), and as a result, the abietic acid to which the carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) is bonded.
- a carbon atom and a cellulose carbon atom to which a hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded are linked via at least a bond derived from a carboxyl group.
- Such grafting of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) can be performed by a dehydration condensation reaction between a carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) and a hydroxyl group of cellulose (or a derivative thereof). Moreover, it can carry out by converting the carboxylic acid group of abietic acid (or its derivative) into an acid halide group (especially an acid chloride group) and reacting this acid halide group with a cellulose hydroxyl group. In this case, grafting can be performed more efficiently.
- the abietic acid carbon atom to which the carboxyl group of abietic acid (or its derivative) is bonded and the cellulose carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group in cellulose (or its derivative) is bonded are linked via an ester bond.
- grafting of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) can be performed using a polyfunctional compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group of cellulose and a carboxyl group of abietic acid or a functional group converted from the carboxy group.
- a cellulose carbon atom to which a hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and an abietic acid carbon atom to which a carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) is bonded are connected via an organic linking group. Is done.
- Such grafting has high graft reaction efficiency and can suppress side reactions.
- this polyfunctional compound and abietic acid are bonded to each other using the carboxyl group (or its acid halide group) of this abietic acid and the functional group of this polyfunctional compound, and the resulting abietic acid derivative and cellulose (or The derivative thereof) can be bound to the hydroxyl group of the cellulose (or derivative thereof) and the functional group of the abietic acid derivative (functional group derived from a polyfunctional compound).
- the hydroxyl group of cellulose (or a derivative thereof) and the carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) are eliminated to form a graft bond, and the hydrophobicity of abietic acid to cellulose (or a derivative thereof)
- a condensed polycyclic structure can be introduced.
- the polyfunctional compound for grafting abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) and the organic linking group preferably contain a hydrocarbon group, and the hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 2 or more, The number of carbon atoms is preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 14 or less. If the number of carbon atoms is too large, the molecule becomes too large and the reactivity decreases, and as a result, it may be difficult to increase the grafting rate.
- hydrocarbon group a flexible linear hydrocarbon group is more preferable.
- abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) having a rigid condensed polycyclic structure the effect of improving strength by grafting can be improved by imparting appropriate flexibility by the organic linking group.
- a hydrocarbon group a divalent group is preferable, and a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, a heptamethylene group, an octamethylene group, a decamethylene group, a dodecamethylene group, Straight chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group (alkylene group) such as hexadecamemethylene group; cycloheptane ring, cyclohexane ring, cyclooctane ring, bicyclopentane ring, tricyclohexane ring, bicyclooctane ring, bicyclononane ring, tricyclodecane ring, etc.
- a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group a divalent aromatic ring hydrocarbon group such as a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring and a biphenylene group; and a divalent group composed of a combination of these groups.
- examples of the functional group capable of reacting with the carboxyl group of abietic acid include a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, an oxazoline group, an oxazine group, and an aziridine group. And a hydroxyl group and an amino group are preferred.
- examples of the functional group capable of reacting with the acid halide group in which the carboxyl group of abietic acid is converted include a hydroxyl group and an amino group.
- examples of the functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group of cellulose include a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid halide group, an epoxy group, an isocyanate group, and a halogen group.
- a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid halide group (especially a carboxylic acid chloride group) and a halogen group (especially a chloride group) are preferred, a carboxyl group and a carboxylic acid halide group (especially a carboxylic acid chloride group) are more preferred, and a carboxylic acid halide group (particularly, Carboxylic acid chloride groups) are particularly preferred.
- polyfunctional compound having such a functional group examples include 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid, 7-hydroxyenanthic acid, and 8-hydroxycaprylic acid. , 12-hydroxylauric acid, 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, 16-hydroxypaltimic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as 18-hydroxystearic acid and their acid halides (especially acid chloride), 3-aminopropion Acid, 4-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminovaleric acid, 6-aminocaproic acid, 7-aminoenanthic acid, 8-aminocaprylic acid, 12-aminolauric acid, 15-aminopentadecanoic acid, 16-aminopaltimic acid, 12- Amino stearic acid, 18-aminos Aminocarboxylic acids and acid halides, such as stearic acid (particularly acid chloride) and the like.
- a functional group of such a polyfunctional compound is reacted with a carboxyl group of abietic acid to form an abietic acid derivative, and this abietic acid derivative and cellulose (or a derivative thereof) are combined with a hydroxyl group of the cellulose (or a derivative thereof). It can couple
- a polyfunctional compound having a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group is reacted with abietic acid, the carboxyl group of this abietic acid (or its acid halide group) and the hydroxyl group of this polyfunctional compound are reacted to form an abietic acid derivative, The remaining functional groups (carboxyl groups) are converted into carboxylic acid halide groups (particularly carboxylic acid chloride groups).
- Grafting can be carried out by reacting this abietic acid derivative with cellulose (or a derivative thereof) and reacting the hydroxyl group of the cellulose (or derivative thereof) with the carboxylic acid halide group of the abietic acid derivative. In this case, grafting can be performed more efficiently.
- the cellulose carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group of cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and the hydrocarbon group of the polyfunctional compound are, for example, via an ester bond, an ether bond or a urethane bond.
- the abietic acid carbon atom to which the carboxyl group of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) is bonded and the hydrocarbon group of the polyfunctional compound are, for example, via an ester bond, an amide bond, an amide ester bond or an amino ester bond.
- Abietic acid is preferably converted to a saturated bond by hydrogenation of an unsaturated bond. 90 mol% or more is preferable and, as for the conversion rate of the unsaturated bond by hydrogenation, 95 mol% or more is more preferable.
- abietic acid or a derivative thereof
- Hydrogenation of abietic acid can be performed in the same manner as the hydrogenation of cardanol described above.
- Hydrogenation of abietic acid can be performed either before forming the abietic acid derivative, before forming the abietic acid derivative, before grafting, or after grafting of the abietic acid derivative. From the viewpoint of efficiency and the like, it is preferable before grafting of the abietic acid derivative, and more preferably before formation of the abietic acid derivative.
- the ratio (grafting rate) of abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) bound to the cellulose (or a derivative thereof) to the cellulose (or a derivative thereof) is the abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) per glucose unit of the cellulose (or a derivative thereof) Derivative) addition number (average value), that is, the number of hydroxyl groups bonded to abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) (hydroxyl substitution degree, DS Ab ) (average value).
- DS Ab is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.1 or more, and still more preferably 0.2 or more. If the DS Ab is too low, the effect of grafting may not be sufficiently obtained.
- the total number of additions of cardanol or a derivative thereof and abietic acid or a derivative thereof per glucose unit is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably 0.2 or more.
- 0.3 or more is more preferable, and 0.4 or more is particularly preferable.
- the maximum value of the total degree of substitution (DS Total ) is theoretically “3”, but is preferably 2.5 or less, more preferably 2 or less, from the viewpoint of ease of production (grafting), and 1.5 The following is more preferable. Furthermore, the total substitution degree may be 1 or less, and a sufficient improvement effect can be obtained.
- the ratio DS Ab / DS CD is preferably 5/95 or more, more preferably 10/90 or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently obtaining the grafting effect of both abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) and cardanol (or a derivative thereof).
- 15/85 or more is more preferable, 20/80 or more is particularly preferable, while 95/5 or less is preferable, 90/10 or less is more preferable, 80/20 or less is more preferable, and 70/30 or less is particularly preferable.
- the grafting of abietic acid (or its derivative) and the grafting of cardanol (or its derivative) may be grafted together in the presence of abietic acid (or its derivative) and cardanol (or its derivative), Any of them may be grafted first, but it is preferable to graft cardanol (or a derivative thereof) after grafting abietic acid (or a derivative thereof) from the viewpoint of grafting reaction efficiency.
- a specific reactive hydrocarbon compound may be grafted onto cellulose (or a derivative thereof). Thereby, a cellulose resin can be improved to a desired characteristic.
- This reactive hydrocarbon compound is a compound having at least one functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group in cellulose (or a derivative thereof), such as a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid halide group or a carboxylic acid anhydride group, an isocyanate group, or The hydrocarbon compound which has an acryl group is mentioned.
- At least one compound selected from monocarboxylic acids such as aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, aromatic monocarboxylic acids, and alicyclic monocarboxylic acids, acid halides or acid anhydrides thereof, aliphatic monoisocyanates
- at least one compound selected from aromatic monoisocyanate and alicyclic monoisocyanate, acrylic acid ester, and methacrylic acid ester include fatty acids having straight or branched side chains.
- Aromatic monocarboxylic acids include those in which a carboxyl group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring, and those in which a carboxyl group is bonded to an aromatic ring via an alkylene group (for example, a methylene group or an ethylene group) Are combined).
- Alicyclic monocarboxylic acids include those in which a carboxyl group is directly bonded to the alicyclic ring, those in which a carboxyl group is bonded to the alicyclic ring via an alkylene group (eg, methylene group, ethylene group) (aliphatic carboxylic acid to the alicyclic ring). Group to which a group is bonded).
- Examples of the aliphatic monoisocyanate include those obtained by reacting an aliphatic diisocyanate with an aliphatic monoalcohol having a linear or branched side chain in a ratio of 1: 1.
- Examples of the aromatic monoisocyanate include those obtained by reacting an aromatic diisocyanate with an aliphatic monoalcohol having a linear or branched side chain in a ratio of 1: 1.
- Examples of the acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester include esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an aliphatic monoalcohol having a linear or branched side chain.
- the reactive hydrocarbon compound preferably has 1 to 32 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms is too large, the molecule becomes too large and the reaction efficiency is lowered due to steric hindrance, and as a result, it becomes difficult to increase the grafting rate.
- This reactive hydrocarbon compound is effective for improving the characteristics particularly when it is arranged so as to fill a gap in a three-dimensional structure composed of grafted cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and abietic acid (or a derivative thereof). is there.
- this reactive hydrocarbon compound is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group, it is particularly effective for improving rigidity and heat resistance, and particularly when it is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Effective for improving toughness.
- aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as reactive hydrocarbon compounds include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, 2-ethyl-hexanecarboxylic acid, undecyl Acids, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, melicic acid, lactelic acid, etc.
- Saturated fatty acids of these unsaturated acids such as butenoic acid, pentenoic acid, hexenoic acid, octenoic acid, undecylenic acid, oleic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid; and their derivatives. These may further have a substituent.
- Aromatic monocarboxylic acids used as reactive hydrocarbon compounds include those having a carboxyl group introduced into a benzene ring such as benzoic acid; aromatic carboxylic acids having an alkyl group introduced into a benzene ring such as toluic acid; phenyl An aliphatic carboxylic acid group introduced into a benzene ring such as acetic acid and phenylpropionic acid; an aromatic carboxylic acid having two or more benzene rings such as biphenyl carboxylic acid and biphenyl acetic acid; naphthalene carboxylic acid, tetralin carboxylic acid, etc. Examples thereof include aromatic carboxylic acids having a condensed ring structure; derivatives thereof.
- Examples of the alicyclic monocarboxylic acid used as the reactive hydrocarbon compound include those in which a carboxyl group is introduced into an alicyclic ring such as cyclopentanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, and cyclooctanecarboxylic acid; and alicyclic rings such as cyclohexylacetic acid. Those having an aliphatic carboxylic acid group introduced; derivatives thereof.
- the reactive functional group in these reactive hydrocarbon compounds only needs to be a functional group capable of reacting with the hydroxyl group of cellulose, in addition to a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid halide group (particularly a carboxylic acid chloride group), and a carboxylic acid anhydride group.
- a carboxyl group and a carboxylic acid halide group are preferable, and a carboxylic acid chloride group is particularly preferable.
- Examples of carboxylic acid halide groups (particularly carboxylic acid chloride groups) include acid halide groups (particularly acid chloride groups) in which the carboxyl groups of the above-mentioned various carboxylic acids are acid-halogenated.
- the reactive hydrocarbon compound used in the present embodiment is at least one monocarboxylic acid selected from an aromatic carboxylic acid and an alicyclic carboxylic acid, its acid halide or the like, particularly from the viewpoint of the rigidity (bending strength, etc.) of the resin.
- the acid anhydride is preferred.
- Addition number of reactive hydrocarbon compound per glucose unit of cellulose (or a derivative thereof) (addition number of acyl group) (average value), that is, the number of hydroxyl groups bonded to the reactive hydrocarbon compound (hydroxyl substitution degree, DS XX ) (average value) is preferably from 0.1 to 0.6, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.5, from the viewpoint of obtaining a desired effect.
- the number of hydroxyl groups remaining per glucose unit (hydroxyl residual degree, DS OH ) (average value) after grafting of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and a reactive hydrocarbon compound ensures sufficient water resistance. Therefore, 0.9 or less is preferable and 0.7 or less is more preferable.
- This reactive hydrocarbon compound can be grafted in the grafting step of cardanol (or a derivative thereof) and abietic acid (or a derivative thereof). This makes it possible to graft uniformly. In this case, these may be added simultaneously or separately, but after grafting cardanol (or a derivative thereof) or abietic acid (or a derivative thereof), a reactive hydrocarbon compound is added and grafted. Thus, the grafting reaction efficiency can be improved.
- Grafting treatment is carried out at an appropriate temperature in a solvent capable of dissolving cellulose (or a derivative thereof), cardanol (or a derivative thereof), abietic acid (or a derivative thereof), and, if necessary, a reactive hydrocarbon compound. This can be done by heating.
- cellulose is difficult to dissolve in ordinary solvents, it can be dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide-amine solvents, dimethylformamide-chloral-pyridine solvents, dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride solvents, imidazolium ionic liquids, and the like.
- a cellulose derivative whose solubility has been changed by previously binding a carboxylic acid or alcohol to a part of the hydroxyl group of cellulose and reducing the intermolecular force can be used.
- An acylated cellulose in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group is substituted with an acyl group such as an acetyl group, a propionyl group, or a butyryl group is preferable, and cellulose acetate that is acetated (acetylated) using acetic acid or acetic acid chloride is particularly preferable.
- Acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and halides and anhydrides of these acids used for these acylations are included in the above-mentioned reactive hydrocarbon compounds.
- Part or all of the hydrogen compound can be added (grafted) to the hydroxyl group of cellulose prior to grafting of cardanol (or a derivative thereof).
- cellulose hydroxyl groups that have not been used for grafting of cardanol (or derivatives thereof) and abietic acid (or derivatives thereof) remain as hydroxyl groups, and those modified by acetylation or the like as described above or reactions
- a functional hydrocarbon compound is added (grafted).
- the conversion rate of the hydroxyl group can be set as appropriate.
- the number of hydroxyl groups remaining per glucose unit (hydroxyl group residual degree, DS OH ) (average value) of the cellulose-based resin after grafting is preferably 0.9 or less, 0 .7 or less is more preferable.
- the cellulose hydroxyl group is preferably partially acylated with the reactive hydrocarbon, and cardanol (or its derivative) and abietic acid (or its) From the viewpoint of the aforementioned grafting treatment of the derivative), it is preferable that the cellulose hydroxyl group is appropriately acylated (particularly acetylated) before the grafting.
- the number of acyl groups added per glucose unit (average value) of cellulose (or a derivative thereof), that is, the number of acylated hydroxyl groups (hydroxyl substitution degree, DS AC ) (average value) provides a sufficient acylation effect.
- the hydroxyl substitution degree DS AC by this acylation is preferably 2.7 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less, and 2.2 or less. Further preferred.
- the total degree of substitution (DS Ab + DS CD ) can be set, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 2.0.
- the acyl group added by this acylation is preferably at least one selected from an acetyl group, a propionyl group, and a butyryl group.
- the degree of substitution in the case of acetylation is indicated as DS Ace
- the degree of substitution in the case of propionylation is indicated as DS Pr
- the degree of substitution in the case of butyrylation is indicated as DS Bu .
- the cellulose resin of the present embodiment is a total mass ratio of the cellulose component, cardanol component, and abietic acid component to the whole cellulose resin after grafting (plant component ratio).
- the cellulose component corresponds to the structure represented by the above formula (1) in which the hydroxyl group is not acylated or grafted
- the cardanol component corresponds to the structure represented by the above formula (2)
- thermoplasticity and elongation at break can be further improved by adding a plasticizer.
- plasticizers include phthalate esters such as dibutyl phthalate, diaryl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di-2-methoxyethyl phthalate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, and methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate; Tartrate esters such as dibutyl tartrate; adipates such as dioctyl adipate and diisononyl adipate; polyhydric alcohol esters such as triacetin, diacetyl glycerol, tripropionitrile glycerol and glycerol monostearate; triethyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, Phosphate esters such as tricres
- plasticizers include cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid esters such as dihexylcyclohexanedicarboxylate, dioctylcyclohexanedicarboxylate, and di-2-methyloctylcyclohexanedicarboxylate; and trimes such as dihexyl trimellitic acid, diethylhexyl trimellitic acid and dioctyl trimellitic acid Mellitic acid esters; pyromellitic acid esters such as dihexyl pyromellitic acid, diethylhexyl pyromellitic acid, and dioctyl pyromellitic acid.
- An agent can also be used.
- the compatibility between the cellulose resin of the present embodiment and the plasticizer can be improved, so that the effect of adding the plasticizer can be further improved.
- an inorganic or organic granular or fibrous filler can be added as necessary.
- a filler By adding a filler, strength and rigidity can be further improved.
- the filler include mineral particles (talc, mica, calcined siliceous clay, kaolin, sericite, bentonite, smectite, clay, silica, quartz powder, glass beads, glass powder, glass flake, milled fiber, wallast.
- organic fibers natural fibers, papers, etc.
- inorganic fibers glass fibers, asbestos fibers, carbon fibers, silica fibers, silica / alumina fibers, wollastonite, zirconia fibers, potassium titanate fibers) Etc.
- metal fibers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a flame retardant can be added to the cellulose-based resin of the present embodiment as necessary. By adding a flame retardant, flame retardancy can be imparted.
- the flame retardant include metal hydrates such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and hydrotalcite, basic magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, silica, alumina, talc, clay, zeolite, brominated flame retardant, three Examples thereof include antimony oxide, phosphoric acid flame retardants (aromatic phosphate esters, aromatic condensed phosphate esters, etc.), compounds containing phosphorus and nitrogen (phosphazene compounds), and the like. These flame retardants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a flame retardant a reaction product of phosphorus oxide, phosphoric acid or a derivative thereof and cardanol, or a polymer of these reaction products can be used.
- a flame retardant When such a flame retardant is used, the interaction between the cellulose resin of the present embodiment and the flame retardant is strengthened, and an excellent flame retardant effect is obtained.
- a flame retardant include a reaction product obtained by reacting phosphorus oxide (P 2 0 5 ) or phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) with a hydroxyl group of cardanol, or adding hexamethylenetetramine to the reaction product. Polymerized polymers are exemplified.
- the impact resistance improver can be added to the cellulose-based resin of the present embodiment as necessary.
- Impact resistance can be improved by adding impact resistance improver.
- the impact resistance improver include rubber components and silicone compounds.
- the rubber component include natural rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, and synthetic rubber.
- the silicone compound an organic polysiloxane formed by polymerization of alkylsiloxane, alkylphenylsiloxane, or the like, or a side chain or a terminal of the organic polysiloxane is polyether, methylstyryl, alkyl, higher fatty acid ester, alkoxy, Examples thereof include modified silicone compounds modified with fluorine, amino group, epoxy group, carboxyl group, carbinol group, methacryl group, mercapto group, phenol group and the like. These impact modifiers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the silicone compound is preferably a modified silicone compound (modified polysiloxane compound).
- This modified silicone compound has a main chain composed of repeating units of dimethylsiloxane, and a part of the side chain or terminal methyl group is an amino group, an epoxy group, a carbinol group, a phenol group, a mercapto group, Organic containing at least one group selected from carboxyl group, methacryl group, long chain alkyl group, aralkyl group, phenyl group, phenoxy group, alkylphenoxy group, long chain fatty acid ester group, long chain fatty acid amide group, and polyether group
- a modified polydimethylsiloxane having a structure substituted with a substituent is preferred.
- the modified silicone compound has such an organic substituent, the affinity for the above-mentioned cardanol-added cellulose resin is improved, the dispersibility in the cellulose resin is improved, and a resin composition having excellent impact resistance is obtained. Obtainable.
- a modified silicone compound a product produced according to an ordinary method or a commercially available product can be used.
- the same kind of dimethylsiloxane repeating unit and organic substituent-containing siloxane repeating unit may be connected continuously, alternately connected or randomly.
- the modified silicone compound may have a branched structure.
- the number average molecular weight of the modified silicone compound is preferably 900 or more, more preferably 1000 or more, preferably 1000000 or less, more preferably 300000 or less, and further preferably 100000 or less.
- the molecular weight of the modified silicone compound is sufficiently large, loss due to volatilization during kneading with the molten cellulose resin can be suppressed during the production of the cardanol-added cellulose resin composition.
- the molecular weight of the modified silicone compound is not too large, it is possible to obtain a uniform molded article with good dispersibility.
- a value measured by GPC of a 0.1% chloroform solution of a sample (calibrated with a polystyrene standard sample) can be adopted.
- the amount of such a modified silicone compound added is preferably 1% by mass or more and more preferably 2% by mass or more with respect to the whole cellulose resin composition from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient addition effect. 20 mass% or less is preferable and 10 mass% or less is more preferable from the point which ensures characteristics, such as an intensity
- the modified silicone By adding such a modified silicone compound to the cellulose resin, the modified silicone can be dispersed in the resin with an appropriate particle size (for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m), and the impact resistance of the resin composition is improved. it can.
- an appropriate particle size for example, 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m
- a cardanol polymer containing cardanol as a main component may be used. Since such an impact resistance improving agent is excellent in compatibility with the cellulose resin of the present embodiment, a higher impact resistance improving effect can be obtained.
- formanol is added to cardanol, and a cardanol polymer obtained by reaction of this with an unsaturated bond in the linear hydrocarbon of cardanol, or cardanol, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, diethoxytrifluoroboron, etc.
- Examples thereof include a cardanol polymer obtained by adding a catalyst and reacting unsaturated bonds in a linear hydrocarbon of cardanol.
- additives that are applied to ordinary resin compositions such as a colorant, an antioxidant, and a heat stabilizer may be added as necessary.
- thermoplastic resin may be added to the cellulose-based resin of the present embodiment as necessary.
- thermoplastic resin having excellent flexibility such as thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU).
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
- the addition amount of such a thermoplastic resin (particularly TPU) is such that, from the viewpoint of obtaining a sufficient addition effect, the entire composition containing the cellulose resin of the present embodiment (particularly the cellulose resin and the thermoplastic resin (particularly TPU) Is preferably 1% by mass or more, and more preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the amount of the thermoplastic resin added is preferably 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 15% by mass or less, from the viewpoints of securing properties such as the strength of the cellulose resin and suppressing bleeding out.
- thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) suitable for improving the impact resistance those prepared using a polyol, a diisocyanate, and a chain extender can be used.
- this polyol examples include polyester polyol, polyester ether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, and polyether polyol.
- polyester polyol examples include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, etc.), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc.), and alicyclic dicarboxylic acids.
- Polyvalent carboxylic acids such as acids (hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, etc.) or their acid esters or acid anhydrides, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene Glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,3-octane Diols, polyhydric alcohols such as 1,9-nonanediol or Polyester polyols obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of a mixture of these; polylactone diols obtained by ring-opening polymerization of lactones monomer ⁇ - caprolactone, and the like.
- acids hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydr
- polyester ether polyol examples include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, etc.), aromatic dicarboxylic acids (phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, etc.), alicyclic Polycarboxylic acids such as dicarboxylic acids (hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, etc.) or their acid esters or anhydrides, and diethylene glycol or alkylene oxide adducts (propylene oxide adducts, etc.) And a compound obtained by a dehydration condensation reaction with a glycol or the like or a mixture thereof.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, etc.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acids
- polycarbonate polyol examples include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6
- One or more polyhydric alcohols such as hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, diethylene glycol, and diethylene carbonate
- Polycarbonate polyol obtained by reacting with dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate or the like. Further, it may be a copolymer of polycaprolactone polyol (PCL) and polyhexamethylene carbonate (PHL).
- polyether polyol examples include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol and the like obtained by polymerizing cyclic ethers such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and tetrahydrofuran, and copolyethers thereof.
- TPU examples include tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), tolidine diisocyanate, and 1,6-hexamethylene.
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- MDI 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- NDI 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate
- TPU 1,6-hexamethylene.
- Diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), xylylene diisocyanate (XDI), hydrogenated XDI, triisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 1,6,11-undecane triisocyanate, 1,8-diisocyanate methyloctane Lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,3,6-hexamethylene triisocyanate, bicycloheptane triisocyanate, dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate Over preparative (hydrogenated MDI; HMDI) or the like.
- MDI isophorone diisocyanate
- XDI xylylene diisocyanate
- HDI hydrogenated XDI
- triisocyanate triisocyanate
- TMXDI tetramethylxylene diisocyanate
- TXDI tetramethylx
- a low molecular weight polyol can be used as a chain extender used to form TPU.
- the low molecular weight polyol include ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6 -Aliphatic polyols such as hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerin; Aromatic glycols such as 1,4-dimethylolbenzene, bisphenol A, ethylene oxide or propylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A are listed.
- thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers may be used alone or in combination.
- various mixing agents and a cellulose resin are hand-mixing, a well-known mixer,
- a well-known mixer for example, it can be produced by melting and mixing with a compounding apparatus such as a tumbler mixer, a ribbon blender, a single-screw or multi-screw mixer / extruder, a kneader kneader, or a kneading roll, and granulating it into an appropriate shape if necessary.
- various additives and a resin dispersed in a solvent such as an organic solvent are mixed, and if necessary, a coagulation solvent is added to mix the various additives and the resin. And then the solvent is evaporated.
- the cellulosic resin according to the embodiment described above can be used as a base resin of a molding material.
- a molding material made of a resin composition containing the cellulose-based resin as a base resin is suitable for a molded body such as a casing such as an exterior for an electronic device.
- the base resin means a main component in the composition, and means that other components are allowed to be contained within a range that does not interfere with the function of the main component.
- this main component accounts for preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, further preferably 80% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 90% by mass or more in the composition. To do.
- a chlorinated hydrogenated cardanol was prepared according to the following.
- the glass transition temperature was measured by DSC (product name: DSC6200, manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
- the total content (mass%) of the plant components relative to the entire sample was determined.
- the cellulose component corresponds to the structure represented by the above formula (1) in which the hydroxyl group is not acylated or grafted
- the cardanol component is calculated to correspond to the structure represented by the above formula (2).
- grafted cellulose acetate was prepared according to the following.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 3 L of methanol with stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the solid was separated by filtration.
- the solid separated by filtration was air-dried overnight and further vacuum-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 13 g of grafted cellulose acetate.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 3 L of methanol with stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the solid was separated by filtration.
- the solid separated by filtration was air-dried overnight and further vacuum-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 13 g of grafted cellulose acetate.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 3 L of methanol with stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the solid was separated by filtration.
- the solid separated by filtration was air-dried overnight and further vacuum-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 13 g of grafted cellulose acetate.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 3 L of methanol with stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the solid was separated by filtration.
- the solid separated by filtration was air-dried overnight and further vacuum-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 13 g of grafted cellulose acetate.
- Example 12 Chlorinated hydrogenated cardanol (cardanol derivative 2) prepared in Synthesis Example 3, chlorided hydrogenated abietic acid (Abietic acid derivative) prepared in Synthesis Example 2, and biphenylcarbonyl chloride (BCC) as a reactive hydrocarbon
- grafted cellulose acetate was prepared according to the following.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 3 L of methanol with stirring to cause reprecipitation, and the solid was separated by filtration.
- the solid separated by filtration was air-dried overnight and further vacuum-dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 13 g of grafted cellulose acetate.
- Cellulose acetate propionate 20 g (hydroxyl amount 0.021 mol) was dissolved in dehydrated dioxane 400 mL, and triethylamine 3.1 mL (0.022 mol) was added as a reaction catalyst and an acid scavenger.
- a solution prepared by dissolving 21 g (0.065 mol) of chlorinated hydrogenated abietic acid prepared in Synthesis Example 2 in dioxane (40 mL) was added to this solution, and the mixture was heated to reflux at 100 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the reaction solution was slowly added dropwise to 6 L of methanol while stirring to reprecipitate, and the solid was filtered off. The filtered solid was air dried overnight and further vacuum dried at 105 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain 22 g of hydrogenated abietic acid grafted cellulose acetate propionate.
- Example 1 The cellulose acetate before grafting used in Example 1 was used as a comparative sample.
- the cellulose acetate was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1B.
- the cellulose acetate did not melt even when heated and did not show thermoplasticity. Further, since the molding could not be performed, the bending test could not be performed.
- Triethyl citrate (trade name: Citroflex-2, manufactured by Pfizer Inc.) as a plasticizer was added to the cellulose acetate before grafting used in Example 1 so that the content with respect to the entire resin composition was 45% by mass. The mixture was then mixed (temperature 200 ° C., screw rotation speed 60 rpm) with an extrusion mixer (HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder (Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.)) To prepare a cellulose acetate resin composition.
- HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.
- Comparative Example 3 A cellulose acetate resin composition was prepared according to the same amount and method as in Comparative Example 2 except that the amount of triethyl citrate added was changed to 56% by mass with respect to the entire resin composition.
- Comparative Example 4 A cellulose acetate resin composition was produced according to the same amount and method as in Comparative Example 2 except that the amount of triethyl citrate added was changed to 34% by mass with respect to the entire resin composition.
- Example 5 The cellulose acetate before grafting used in Example 13 was used as a comparative sample.
- the cellulose acetate was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- This cellulose acetate did not melt even when heated and did not exhibit thermoplasticity. Further, since the molding could not be performed, the bending test could not be performed.
- Triethyl citrate (manufactured by Pfizer, trade name: Citroflex-2) as a plasticizer was added to the cellulose acetate before grafting used in Example 13 so that the content with respect to the entire resin composition was 20% by mass. The mixture was then mixed (temperature 190 ° C., screw rotation speed 60 rpm) with an extrusion mixer (HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder (Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.)) To prepare a cellulose acetate resin composition.
- HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.
- Comparative Example 7 A cellulose acetate resin composition was prepared according to the same amount and method as in Comparative Example 6 except that the amount of triethyl citrate added was changed to 40% by mass with respect to the entire resin composition.
- the obtained sample (grafted cellulose acetate) was measured by 1 H-NMR (manufactured by Bruker, product name: AV-400, 400 MHz), the DS CD was 0.50.
- the grafted cellulose resin of this example has no decrease in plant component ratio compared to the cellulose derivative (cellulose acetate) before grafting that does not exhibit thermoplasticity.
- the grafted cellulose resin of this example exhibits thermoplasticity (press formability) and excellent bending properties, and further has improved tensile properties (particularly tensile breaking strain (toughness, elongation)) and water resistance (water absorption).
- the grafted cellulose-based resin of the present Example is more flexible than the one obtained by adding a plasticizer to the cellulose derivative before grafting (bending strength, Flexural modulus), tensile properties and water resistance are improved, and high heat resistance (glass transition temperature) is obtained without lowering the plant component ratio.
- Examples 13 to 14 and Comparative Examples 5 to 7 are examples in which the acetyl group added to the cellulose hydroxyl group was increased compared to Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4. Even in such a case, when Examples 13 to 14 and Comparative Example 5 are compared, the grafted cellulose-based resin of the present Example is a plant component compared to the cellulose derivative before grafting that does not exhibit thermoplasticity. Without lowering the rate, it exhibits thermoplasticity (press formability) and excellent bending properties, and further improved tensile properties (particularly tensile fracture strain) and water resistance.
- the grafted cellulose-based resin of this example has a bending property (flexural strength, bending strength) higher than that obtained by adding a plasticizer to the cellulose derivative before grafting. Flexural modulus), tensile properties and water resistance are improved, and high heat resistance is obtained without lowering the plant component ratio.
- Examples 15 to 16 and Comparative Examples 8 to 11 are examples of cellulose resins prepared using a cellulose derivative in which a butyryl group or a propionyl group is added to a hydroxyl group in addition to an acetyl group. Even in such a case, when Examples 15 to 16 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9 are compared, the grafted cellulose-based resin of the present example has a lower plant component ratio than the cellulose derivative before grafting. Excellent thermoplastic and bending properties are obtained, and tensile properties (especially tensile breaking strain) and water resistance are improved.
- the grafted cellulose resin of this Example has a bending property (flexural strength, bending strength) higher than that obtained by adding a plasticizer to the cellulose derivative before grafting. Flexural modulus), tensile properties and water resistance are improved, and high heat resistance is obtained without reducing the plant component ratio.
- a cellulose resin having a high plant component ratio (high plantability), improved water resistance, good thermoplasticity (press moldability) and sufficient heat resistance.
- high bending characteristics can be obtained for the press-molded body, and tensile characteristics (particularly toughness) can be improved for the film molded body.
- the grafted cellulose resin of this example has a high plant component ratio and a high utilization ratio of the non-edible part.
- the grafted cellulose resin of this example is more rigid (flexural strength, flexural elasticity) than the one in which the cardanol derivative is grafted but the abietic acid derivative is not grafted. Rate, tensile strength, tensile modulus) and water resistance.
- the same effects as described above are obtained in the comparison between Examples 13 to 14 and Reference Example 2 and in the comparison between Examples 15 to 16 and Reference Examples 3 to 4.
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Abstract
Description
前記カルダノール誘導体とアビエチン酸又はその誘導体を、セルロース又はその誘導体と反応させ、該セルロース又はその誘導体に、該カルダノール誘導体と該アビエチン酸又はその誘導体を結合させる工程を有するセルロース系樹脂の製造方法が提供される。
これらの材料から得られる熱可塑性ポリウレタンエラストマー(TPU)に、シリコーン化合物が共重合されていると、さらに優れた耐衝撃性を得ることができる。
カルダノールの直鎖状炭化水素部分の不飽和結合が水素化された水添カルダノール(ACROS Organics製、m-n-ペンタデシルフェノール)を原料とした。この水添カルダノールを、1H-NMR(Bruker社製、製品名:AV-400、400MHz)で測定したところ不飽和結合が検出されなかったので、水添率は少なくとも90モル%以上であることが確認できた。そのフェノール性水酸基を無水コハク酸と反応させることでカルボキシル基を付与し、カルボキシル化水添カルダノールを得た。次に、このカルボキシル基をオキサリルクロライドでクロライド化して酸クロライド基へ変換し、クロライド化水添カルダノールを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、クロライド化水添カルダノールを作製した。
水添アビエチン酸(イーストマンケミカル社製、商品名:Foral AX-E)を原料とした。この水添アビエチン酸を、1H-NMR(Bruker社製、製品名:AV-400、400MHz)で測定したところ不飽和結合が検出されなかったので、水添率は少なくとも90モル%以上であることが確認できた。この水添アビエチン酸21g(0.069mol)を脱水クロロホルム200mLに溶解し、オキサリルクロライド13g(0.11mol)とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド0.14mL(1.8mmol)を加え、室温で72時間撹拌した。クロロホルム、過剰のオキサリルクロライド及びN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを減圧留去した。このようにして、カルボキシル基が酸クロライド基へ変換された、クロライド化水添アビエチン酸22g(0.068mol)を得た。
カルダノールの直鎖状炭化水素部分の不飽和結合が水素化された水添カルダノール(ACROS Organics製、m-n-ペンタデシルフェノール)を原料とし、そのフェノール性水酸基をモノクロロ酢酸と反応させることでカルボキシル基を付与し、カルボキシル化水添カルダノールを得た。次に、このカルボキシル基をオキサリルクロライドでクロライド化して酸クロライド基へ変換し、クロライド化水添カルダノールを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、クロライド化水添カルダノールを作製した。
シグマアルドリッチジャパン(株)製ビフェニル酢酸6.0g(0.028mol)を脱水クロロホルム60mlに溶解させ、オキサリルクロライド3.7g(0.029mol)とN,N-ジメチルホルムアミド0.04mL(0.51mmol)を加え、室温で72時間攪拌した。クロロホルム、過剰のオキサリルクロライド及びN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドを減圧留去し、ビフェニル酢酸クロライド6.5g(0.028mol)を得た。
合成例1で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体1)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
プレス成形を下記条件で行って成形体を得、その際の成形性を下記基準にしたがって評価した。
(成形条件)
温度:170℃、時間:2分、圧力:100kgf(9.8×102N)、
成形体サイズ:厚み:2mm、幅:13mm、長さ:80mm。
(評価基準)
○:良好、△:不良(ボイド、ヒケ、一部未充填が発生)、×:成形不可。
DSC(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製、製品名:DSC6200)によりガラス転移温度を測定した。
上記の成形により得られた成形体について、JIS K7171に準拠して曲げ試験を行った。
試料2gをクロロホルム20mLに溶解した溶液を調製し、この溶液を用いてキャスティングを行い、カッターナイフで切り出して幅10mm、長さ60mm、厚さ0.2mmのフィルムを作製した。このフィルムについて、JIS K7127に準拠して引張試験を行った。
JIS K7209に準拠して吸水率を測定した。具体的には、成形体を24時間、常温の純水に浸漬した際の重量増加率を測定した。
セルロース成分、カルダノール成分、アビエチン酸成分を植物成分として、試料全体に対する植物成分の合計含有率(質量%)を求めた。ここでセルロース成分は、水酸基がアシル化やグラフト化されていない前記の式(1)で示される構造に対応し、カルダノール成分は前記の式(2)で示される構造に対応するものとして算出した。
合成例1で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体1)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例1で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体1)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)、合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)、および反応性炭化水素としてベンゾイルクロライド(BC)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)、合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)、および反応性炭化水素としてフェニルプロピオニルクロライド(PPA)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)、合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)、および反応性炭化水素としてシクロヘキサンカルボン酸クロライド(CHC)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)、合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)、および反応性炭化水素として合成例4で作製したビフェニル酢酸クロライド(BAA)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)、合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)、および反応性炭化水素としてビフェニルカルボニルクロライド(BCC)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-80、DSAce=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-40、DSAce=2.4)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業株式会社製、商品名:LM-40、DSAce=2.4)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテートブチレート(イーストマンケミカル製、商品名:CAB-381-20、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりの酢酸の付加数(アセチル化の置換度:DSAce)=1.0、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりの酪酸の付加数(ブチリル化の置換度DSBu)=1.66)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートブチレートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートブチレートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)と合成例2で作製したクロライド化水添アビエチン酸(アビエチン酸誘導体)を、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(イーストマンケミカル製、商品名:CAP-482-20、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりの酢酸の付加数(アセチル化の置換度:DSAce)=0.18、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりのプロピオン酸の付加数(プロピオニル化の置換度DSPr)=2.49)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートプロピオネートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートプロピオネートを作製した。
実施例1で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートを比較試料とした。
実施例1で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートに、可塑剤としてクエン酸トリエチル(ファイザー社製、商品名:Citroflex-2)を、樹脂組成物全体に対する含有量が45質量%となるように添加し、押し出し混合機(HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder (Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.))で混合(温度200℃、スクリュー回転速度60rpm)し、セルロースアセテート樹脂組成物を作製した。
クエン酸トリエチルの添加量を、樹脂組成物全体に対して56質量%となるように変更する以外は比較例2と同様の分量、方法に従って、セルロースアセテート樹脂組成物を作製した。
クエン酸トリエチルの添加量を、樹脂組成物全体に対して34質量%となるように変更する以外は比較例2と同様の分量、方法に従って、セルロースアセテート樹脂組成物を作製した。
実施例13で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートを比較試料とした。
また、成形もできなかったため曲げ試験を行えなかった。
実施例13で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートに、可塑剤としてクエン酸トリエチル(ファイザー社製、商品名:Citroflex-2)を、樹脂組成物全体に対する含有量が20質量%となるように添加し、押し出し混合機(HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder (Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.))で混合(温度190℃、スクリュー回転速度60rpm)し、セルロースアセテート樹脂組成物を作製した。
クエン酸トリエチルの添加量を、樹脂組成物全体に対して40質量%となるように変更する以外は比較例6と同様の分量、方法に従って、セルロースアセテート樹脂組成物を作製した。
実施例15、16で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートをそれぞれ比較試料とした。
実施例15、16で使用したグラフト化前のセルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネートに、可塑剤としてクエン酸トリエチル(ファイザー社製、商品名:Citroflex-2)を、樹脂組成物全体に対する含有量が27質量%となるように添加し、押し出し混合機(HAAKE MiniLab Rheomex extruder (Model CTW5, Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, Mass.))で混合(温度180℃、スクリュー回転速度60rpm)し、セルロースアセテートブチレート樹脂組成物、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート樹脂組成物を作製した。
合成例1で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体1)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業(株)製、商品名:LM-80、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりの酢酸の付加数(アセチル化の置換度:DSAce)=2.1)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)を、セルロースアセテート(ダイセル化学工業(株)製、商品名:LM-40、セルロースのグルコース単位当たりの酢酸の付加数(アセチル化の置換度:DSAce)=2.4)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)を、セルロースアセテートブチレート(イーストマンケミカル社製、商品名:CAB-381-20)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートブチレートを作製した。
合成例3で作製したクロライド化水添カルダノール(カルダノール誘導体2)を、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(イーストマンケミカル社製、商品名:CAP-482-20)に結合させ、グラフト化セルロースアセテートプロピオネートを得た。具体的には、下記に従って、グラフト化セルロースアセテートプロピオネートを作製した。
Claims (31)
- セルロース又はその誘導体に、カルダノール又はその誘導体とアビエチン酸又はその誘導体が結合されてなるセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のグルコース単位あたりの、前記カルダノール又はその誘導体の付加数DSCDが0.05以上であり、
前記セルロース又はその誘導体のグルコース単位あたりの、前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体の付加数DSAbが0.05以上である、請求項1に記載のセルロース系樹脂。 - 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のグルコース単位当たりの、前記カルダノール又はその誘導体と前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体の合計付加数DSTotalが2.5以下である、請求項2に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- DSCDに対するDSAbの比率DSAb/DSCDが、5/95~95/5の範囲にある、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記カルダノール又はその誘導体中の不飽和結合が水素添加されている、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体中の不飽和結合が水素添加されている、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のセルロース水酸基と、前記カルダノール又はその誘導体のフェノール性水酸基を利用して、該セルロース又はその誘導体と該カルダノール又はその誘導体が結合されている、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース水酸基が結合しているセルロース炭素原子と前記フェノール性水酸基が結合しているカルダノール炭素原子が有機連結基を介して連結され、
前記有機連結基は、前記セルロース炭素原子に結合する、エステル結合、エーテル結合およびウレタン結合から選ばれる第1の結合と、前記カルダノール炭素原子に結合する、エステル結合、エーテル結合およびウレタン結合から選ばれる第2の結合を含む、請求項7に記載のセルロース系樹脂。 - 前記有機連結基は、炭素数1~20の2価の炭化水素基を含む、請求項8に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース炭素原子と前記炭化水素基は、前記第1の結合としてエステル結合を介して結合され、
前記カルダノール炭素原子と前記炭化水素基は、前記第2の結合としてエステル結合又はエーテル結合を介して結合されている、請求項9に記載のセルロース系樹脂。 - 前記セルロース又はその誘導体の水酸基が結合するセルロース炭素原子と、前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体のカルボキシル基が結合するアビエチン酸炭素原子が、少なくともカルボキシル基由来の結合を介して連結されている、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記のカルボキシル基由来の結合はエステル結合である、請求項11に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のセルロース水酸基に、該セルロース水酸基と反応できる官能基を持つ反応性炭化水素化合物が付加されてなる、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記反応性炭化水素化合物は、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸ハライド基又はカルボン酸無水物基を持つ炭化水素化合物である、請求項13に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記反応性炭化水素化合物は、脂肪族カルボン酸、芳香族カルボン酸および脂環族カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種のモノカルボン酸、その酸ハロゲン化物又はその酸無水物である、請求項13に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のセルロース水酸基に、アセチル基、プロピオニル基及びブチリル基から選ばれる少なくとも一種のアシル基が付加されている、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース又はその誘導体のセルロース水酸基に、アセチル基、プロピオニル基及びブチリル基から選ばれる少なくとも一種の第1のアシル基、及び芳香族カルボン酸および脂環族カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種のモノカルボン酸由来の第2のアシル基が付加され、
該セルロース又はその誘導体のグルコース単位あたりの、前記第2のアシル基の付加数DSXXが0.1以上である、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。 - グルコース単位あたりの残存するセルロース水酸基の個数DSOHが0.9以下である、請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 前記セルロース成分、前記カルダノール成分及び前記アビエチン酸成分の合計量が樹脂全体に対して50質量%以上である、請求項1から18のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂。
- 請求項1から19のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂をベース樹脂として含む樹脂組成物よりなる成形用材料。
- セルロースの水酸基及びカルダノールのフェノール性水酸基と反応できる多官能化合物を、カルダノールと反応させてカルダノール誘導体を形成する工程と、
前記カルダノール誘導体とアビエチン酸又はその誘導体を、セルロース又はその誘導体と反応させ、該セルロース又はその誘導体に、該カルダノール誘導体と該アビエチン酸又はその誘導体を結合させる工程を有するセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体を前記セルロース又はその誘導体と反応させた後に、前記カルダノール誘導体を該セルロース又はその誘導体と反応させる、請求項21に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記多官能化合物は、炭素数1~20の2価の炭化水素基を含む、請求項21又は22に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記多官能化合物は、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸ハライド基、カルボン酸無水物基、エポキシ基、イソシアネート基、及びハロゲン基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を含む、請求項21から23のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記多官能化合物は、カルボン酸無水物基を含む化合物、又はカルボキシル基とハロゲン基を含む化合物である、請求項21から23のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記多官能化合物は、カルボキシル基又はカルボン酸無水物基を含み、
前記カルダノール誘導体を形成した後、該カルダノール誘導体のカルボキシル基をカルボン酸ハライド基へ変換する工程をさらに有する、請求項21から25のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。 - 前記カルダノール又はその誘導体中の不飽和結合を水素添加する工程をさらに有する、請求項21から26のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記アビエチン酸又はその誘導体中の不飽和結合を水素添加する工程をさらに有する、請求項21から27のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記セルロース水酸基と反応できる官能基を持つ反応性炭化水素化合物を、前記セルロース又はその誘導体と反応させ、該セルロース又はその誘導体に該反応性炭化水素化合物を結合させる、請求項21から28のいずれか一項に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記反応性炭化水素化合物は、カルボキシル基、カルボン酸ハライド基又はカルボン酸無水物基を持つ炭化水素化合物である、請求項29に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
- 前記反応性炭化水素化合物は、脂肪族カルボン酸、芳香族カルボン酸および脂環族カルボン酸から選ばれる少なくとも一種のモノカルボン酸、その酸ハロゲン化物又はその酸無水物である、請求項29に記載のセルロース系樹脂の製造方法。
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