WO2011034102A1 - 高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート及びその製造方法、ならびに、これを用いた高耐食性熱交換器 - Google Patents
高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート及びその製造方法、ならびに、これを用いた高耐食性熱交換器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011034102A1 WO2011034102A1 PCT/JP2010/065968 JP2010065968W WO2011034102A1 WO 2011034102 A1 WO2011034102 A1 WO 2011034102A1 JP 2010065968 W JP2010065968 W JP 2010065968W WO 2011034102 A1 WO2011034102 A1 WO 2011034102A1
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- sacrificial anode
- aluminum alloy
- anode material
- brazing sheet
- brazing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
- B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/089—Coatings, claddings or bonding layers made from metals or metal alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet and a method for producing the same, and a high corrosion resistance heat exchanger using the same, and more particularly, as a passage constituent material for high-temperature compressed air or refrigerant in a heat exchanger such as an intercooler.
- the present invention relates to a suitably used high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet, a method for producing the same, and a high corrosion resistance heat exchanger using the same.
- Aluminum alloys are lightweight and have high thermal conductivity, and can be realized with high corrosion resistance by appropriate processing. Therefore, they are used in automotive heat exchangers such as radiators, condensers, evaporators, heaters, and intercoolers.
- As a tube material for automotive heat exchangers Al-Mn alloy such as 3003 alloy is used as the core material, and brazing material of Al-Si alloy or sacrificial anode material of Al-Zn alloy is clad on one side.
- a two-layer clad material, and a three-layer clad material clad with a brazing material of an Al—Si alloy on the other side are used.
- the clad material and corrugated fins are combined and usually joined by brazing at a high temperature of about 600 ° C.
- a high temperature of about 600 ° C.
- the tube material of this heat exchanger If there is a corrosive liquid in the tube material of this heat exchanger, the tube material penetrates due to the occurrence of pitting corrosion, or the thickness of the tube material decreases due to uniform corrosion and the pressure resistance decreases. May burst. As a result, there is a risk of leakage of air, cooling water, or refrigerant circulating inside.
- the corrosive liquid present in the tube material is a neutral or weakly acidic liquid such as engine cooling water or cooler refrigerant. In such a corrosive environment, the external brazing function and the corrosion resistance of the tube material are considered. In order to satisfy both, a heat exchanger was configured using a brazing sheet clad with an Al—Si brazing material added with Zn.
- exhaust gas condensed water containing exhaust gas components due to condensation
- This condensed water may be strongly acidic, and the conventional brazing sheet clad with the Al—Si brazing material added with Zn has insufficient corrosion resistance.
- the corrosion rate of aluminum is greatly affected by pH, and the corrosion rate increases as the pH decreases. According to the potential-pH diagram, it is a general idea that when pH is 4 or less, Al 3+ is stable and it is difficult to use aluminum as a corrosion-resistant material. Further, when the surface of the brazing sheet is an Al—Si brazing material to which Zn is added, the surface Si particles serve as a cathode, and Zn promotes dissolution of Al, so that the corrosion rate is further increased. Furthermore, if chloride ions are present in the solution, the chloride ions destroy the passive film and pitting corrosion occurs. Since the exhaust gas condensed water contains chloride ions, it has a property of inducing pitting corrosion.
- the tube material of the heat exchanger when the exhaust gas passes through the tube material of the heat exchanger, corrosion due to low pH is suppressed, and at the same time, the tube material is also provided with a sacrificial anticorrosive action, thereby suppressing the occurrence and growth of pitting corrosion.
- the components of the exhaust gas condensate vary depending on various conditions, but the pH may be 3 or less strongly acidic, and the chloride ion concentration may be 5 ppm or more having pitting corrosion-inducing properties.
- the conventional material has a brazing function on both sides of the tube material, but has a higher corrosion resistance than a brazing sheet clad with a conventional Al-Si brazing material added with Zn.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe brazing sheets in which a material having a Si addition amount higher than 1.5 to 6.0% is used and is clad on a core material. When a large amount of Si is added to the sacrificial anode material in this way, a part of the sacrificial anode material dissolves during brazing heat and acts as a brazing material, and brazing with bare fins is possible, while some is solid.
- the brazing sheet based on these technologies assumes that a neutral or weakly acidic liquid such as a radiator, condenser, or evaporator flows as the corrosive environment inside the tube material. Corrosion resistance is insufficient in corrosive environments where low liquids are present.
- the sacrificial anode material contains 15000-40000 Si particles of 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m / mm 2. It is said that. As already mentioned, the Si particles become the cathode in the corrosion reaction and increase the corrosion rate. Since the 0.1 to 1.0 ⁇ m Si particles dissolve during brazing heat and become a brazing material, the corrosion rate of the undissolved sacrificial anode material is not increased, but 1.0 ⁇ m or more Si particles dissolve. Since the remaining sacrificial anode material remains after the brazing heat, the corrosion rate is increased.
- Patent Document 3 describes in more detail the size and number density of Si particles, but it also relates to the distribution of fine particles, and limits the number density of coarse Si particles of 1.0 ⁇ m or more. Has no description or suggestion.
- the tube material of the heat exchanger when automobile exhaust gas passes through the inside of the tube material of the heat exchanger, for example, the corrosion due to low pH is suppressed, and at the same time, the tube material also has a sacrificial anti-corrosion action, causing pitting corrosion. It is necessary to suppress growth. In the prior art, it has been difficult to obtain corrosion resistance that can withstand use in such a corrosive environment.
- the present invention was made to solve such problems, and in an aluminum alloy brazing sheet, the brazing sheet has a good brazing property without diffusion of the molten brazing into the core material, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy brazing sheet having excellent corrosion resistance against exhaust gas condensate after brazing, in particular, an aluminum alloy brazing sheet that can be suitably used as a fluid passage component of a heat exchanger for automobiles, and a method for producing the same. To do.
- the present inventors have obtained a sacrificial anode material having a specific alloy composition, wherein the Si content, the Zn content, and the cladding thickness satisfy the relational expression of characteristics, It has been found that the problem can be solved by using a clad material having a predetermined density of Si particles, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention relates to the aluminum alloy core material according to claim 1, the sacrificial anode material clad on one surface of the core material, and the Al—Si alloy clad on the other surface of the core material.
- the sacrificial anode material contains Si: 2.5 to 7.0 mass%, Zn: 1.0 to 5.5 mass%, Fe 0.05 to 1.0 mass%.
- a highly corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy brazing sheet characterized in that it is an aluminum alloy composed of the balance Al and inevitable impurities, and the cladding thickness of the sacrificial anode material is 25 to 80 ⁇ m.
- the present invention provides the aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to claim 2, wherein the sacrificial anode material includes an aluminum alloy core material and a sacrificial anode material clad on both surfaces of the core material.
- the sacrificial anode material is Si: 2.5 to 7.0 mass%.
- Zn 1.0 to 5.5 mass%, Fe 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, an aluminum alloy composed of the balance Al and inevitable impurities, and the cladding thickness of each sacrificial anode material is 25 to 80 ⁇ m It was set as the highly corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy brazing sheet characterized by being.
- the present invention provides the sacrificial anode material according to claim 3, wherein the sacrificial anode material is Ti 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, and V0.05 to 0. It was set as the aluminum alloy which further contains 1 or more types selected from 3 mass%.
- the sacrificial anode material is defined by the following formula (1), where the Si content is Sic (mass%), the Zn content is Znc (mass%), and the cladding thickness is T ( ⁇ m).
- the present density of Si particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is set to 5000 particles / mm 2 or less, and is equivalent to a circle of 5.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the existence density of Si particles having a diameter was set to 500 particles / mm 2 or less.
- the average crystal grain size in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material is 80% or more of the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material after the high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet is subjected to brazing heat. It was.
- the present invention is a high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet used for a tube material of a heat exchanger into which exhaust gas of an automobile flows.
- the present invention provides a tube material having a sacrificial anode material as an inner surface by using the high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to claim 7 and forming an inner fin by arranging a bare fin on the sacrificial anode material surface.
- the sacrificial anode material and the bare fin are formed by brazing and joining, and a high corrosion resistance heat exchanger is obtained.
- the present invention provides the method for producing a highly corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the production process of the sacrificial anode material includes a casting process, a heating process, and a hot process.
- the cooling rate V (° C./s) of the ingot of the sacrificial anode material and the Si content Sic (mass%) of the sacrificial anode material satisfy the following formula (2), and casting:
- the heating process after the process the ingot of the sacrificial anode material is heated and held at 300 to 500 ° C.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a highly corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the sacrificial anode material is produced by the method according to claim 9,
- a high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing characterized by including a hot rolling step in which the time required for rolling the laminated material after the process is 40 minutes or less and the temperature of the laminated material at the end of rolling is 300 ° C. or less. It was set as the manufacturing method of a sheet
- an aluminum alloy brazing sheet having sufficient corrosion resistance is provided in an environment where, for example, automobile exhaust gas passes through the inside of the tube material of the heat exchanger.
- the aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention suppresses uniform corrosion due to the low pH of the corrosive liquid after the brazing heat, and generates and grows pitting corrosion due to chloride ions contained in the corrosive liquid.
- this brazing sheet is excellent in brazing properties such as fin joint rate and erosion resistance, for example, it is lightweight and excellent in heat conductivity as a heat exchanger for automobiles, and is suitably used as a tube material for heat exchangers for automobiles.
- the high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention can exert its effect to the maximum when used in a heat exchanger through which the exhaust gas of an automobile passes through the inside of the tube material.
- the pH is low, a large amount of H + is present in the liquid, so the corrosion rate is high, and when the surface of the brazing sheet is an Al—Si brazing material to which Zn is added, the surface Si particles serve as the cathode.
- Zn promotes dissolution of aluminum, the corrosion rate is further increased.
- the brazing sheet according to the present invention solves the problems peculiar to such exhaust gas condensate, and when used as a tube material of a heat exchanger through which the exhaust gas of an automobile passes, the brazing of the present invention.
- the sheet suppresses corrosion and maximizes its effect.
- the corrosion rate is not so high, so the effects of the present invention are not exhibited effectively.
- the passive film is destroyed by chloride ions and pitting corrosion occurs.
- the exhaust gas condensate produced inside the tube material contains chloride ions and has pitting corrosion inducing properties.
- the sheet suppresses the occurrence and growth of pitting corrosion and maximizes the effect.
- the corrosive environment may not have pitting corrosion induction, and the effects of the present invention are not exhibited effectively.
- a pH of 3 or less and a chloride ion concentration of 5 ppm or more are preferable.
- the Si content is 2.5 to 7.0 mass% (hereinafter simply referred to as “%”). If it is less than 2.5 mass%, only a small liquid phase is generated, so that external brazing is difficult to function. On the other hand, if it exceeds 7.0%, the amount of the liquid phase generated during brazing heating is excessively increased, the sacrificial anode material portion existing as the remaining solid phase is decreased, and the corrosion resistance is lowered.
- the Si content is preferably 3.0 to 6.0%.
- Zn Zn can lower the potential, and by forming a potential difference from the core material, corrosion resistance can be improved by the sacrificial anode effect.
- the Zn content is 1.0 to 5.5%. If it is less than 1.0%, the effect of improving the corrosion resistance by the sacrificial anode effect is not sufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5.5%, the corrosion rate increases and the sacrificial anode material disappears early and the corrosion resistance decreases.
- Fe Fe easily forms Al-Fe-based and Al-Fe-Si-based compounds, and these compounds act as cathodes in aluminum and lower the corrosion resistance.
- the Fe content is 0.05 to 1.0%. If it is less than 0.05%, high-purity aluminum ingots must be used, resulting in high costs. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.0%, the cathode reaction is activated and the corrosion resistance becomes insufficient.
- the Fe content is preferably 0.1 to 0.5%.
- Ti Ti improves strength by solid solution strengthening and also improves corrosion resistance.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the Ti content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- Zr Zr improves the strength by solid solution strengthening, and also precipitates an Al—Zr intermetallic compound and acts on the coarsening of crystal grains after brazing.
- the Zr content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the Zr content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- Cr Cr improves the strength by solid solution strengthening, and also precipitates an Al—Cr intermetallic compound and acts on coarsening of the crystal grains after brazing.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the Cr content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- V V improves strength by solid solution strengthening and also improves corrosion resistance.
- the V content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the V content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- Sic (mass%) as Si content, Znc (mass) as Zn content, and cladding thickness T ( ⁇ m) of sacrificial anode material Is not only restricted within the respective ranges, but preferably satisfies the above formula (1) from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance.
- X in Formula (1) represents the total amount of Zn in the sacrificial anode material that remains as a solid without being dissolved during the heat of brazing addition.
- the ratio of the sacrificial anode material remaining as a solid at the time of brazing addition heat is determined by Si (mass%), which is the Si content, and is given by (1.1-0.1 Sic).
- the X value obtained by multiplying Znc (mass%) and the cladding thickness T ( ⁇ m) is an index indicating the total amount of Zn in the sacrificial anode material remaining as a solid.
- a more preferable X value range is 140 or less.
- the corrosion rate increases as the X value increases, but the corrosion rate of aluminum in the acidic region becomes a negative exponential function with respect to pH. Therefore, the difference in the corrosion rate due to the difference in X value increases as the pH decreases. . Therefore, the lower the pH of the liquid to be exposed, the more superior the present invention is.
- the X value is larger than 150, the corrosion rate is high and the corrosion resistance is not sufficient in the environment of the exhaust gas condensed water having a pH of 3 or less.
- the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material The clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material constituting the aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention is regulated to 25 to 80 ⁇ m. The reason will be described.
- the sacrificial anode material used in the present invention has not only a sacrificial anticorrosive effect, but also a part of the sacrificial anode material that melts during brazing heat application to braze the bare fins.
- the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material is less than 25 ⁇ m, the Si component of the sacrificial anode material diffuses from the sacrificial anode material into the core material during brazing heating.
- the amount of residual Si in the sacrificial anode material during brazing decreases, and it becomes difficult to secure a molten liquid phase amount for brazing.
- the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material exceeds 80 ⁇ m, the flowing brazing material becomes excessive, and erosion that the brazing material erodes the fin material occurs.
- the existence density of Si particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more in the matrix is important. That is, the density of Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more in the matrix of the sacrificial anode material is preferably 5000 pieces / mm 2 or less.
- the Si particles become the cathode in the corrosion reaction and increase the corrosion rate. Since Si particles of less than 1.0 ⁇ m are melted during brazing addition heat to become a brazing material, the corrosion rate of the undissolved sacrificial anode material is not increased.
- the Si particles of 1.0 ⁇ m or more remain in the sacrificial anode material that remains undissolved after the heat of brazing, thereby increasing the corrosion rate. Since the corrosion rate of aluminum in the acidic region is a negative exponential function with respect to pH, the lower the pH, the greater the difference in corrosion rate due to the difference in Si particle density with a circle equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more. Therefore, the lower the pH of the exposed liquid, the more superior the present invention is. By setting the existence density of Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more to 5000 particles / mm 2 or less, the corrosion rate of the sacrificial anode material is suppressed and sufficient corrosion resistance is obtained.
- Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is more than 5000 particles / mm 2 , the corrosion rate of the sacrificial anode material is increased and sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained.
- a more preferable density of Si particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more is 3000 particles / mm 2 or less.
- the crystal grain size of the sacrificial anode material after being subjected to brazing heat is coarse.
- the existence density of Si particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more in the matrix of the sacrificial anode material as a metal structure of the sacrificial anode material in the base plate is 500 particles / mm 2 or less. Since Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more become the core of recrystallization during brazing addition heat, the crystal grain size after brazing becomes relatively fine when the density of such Si particles is high. .
- the crystal grain size of the sacrificial anode material after brazing becomes smaller than 80% of the cladding thickness.
- the density of Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more is more preferably 400 particles / mm 2 or less. From the above viewpoints, there is no lower limit to the density of Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more. However, in the component of the sacrificial anode material defined by the brazing sheet of the present invention, 10 / mm 2 or less. It is difficult to do.
- the average crystal grain size in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material is 80% or more of the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material. It is preferable that When the aluminum alloy brazing sheet of the present invention is brazed, molten brazing is generated at the grain boundaries of the sacrificial anode material, so that when exposed to a corrosive environment after brazing, the grain boundaries corrode locally.
- the average grain size in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material after brazing is 80% or more of the clad thickness of the sacrificial anode material, or between the sacrificial anode material in the thickness direction or between the sacrificial anode material and the core material Since there are few grain boundaries existing at the interface, dropout of crystal grains due to intergranular corrosion is suppressed. Therefore, it takes a long time for the sacrificial anode material to disappear due to corrosion, and sufficient corrosion resistance can be obtained.
- the average crystal grain size in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material after brazing is less than 80% of the cladding thickness of the sacrificial anode material, the sacrificial anode material in the thickness direction or between the sacrificial anode material and the core material Since there are many grain boundaries at the interface, crystal grains are likely to fall off due to intergranular corrosion. Therefore, the sacrificial anode material disappears early and sufficient corrosion resistance cannot be obtained.
- the crystal grain size of the sacrificial anode material after brazing is more preferably 90% or more of the cladding thickness of the sacrificial anode material.
- the aluminum alloy used in the core material of the present invention is preferably a JIS 3000 series alloy, for example, an Al—Mn series alloy such as JIS 3003 alloy.
- the main components are described below.
- Si Si forms an Al—Mn—Si-based intermetallic compound together with Mn, and improves the strength by dispersion strengthening or by solid solution strengthening in the aluminum matrix.
- the Si content is 0.1 to 1.2%. If it is less than 0.1%, the above effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 1.2%, the melting point of the core material is lowered and the possibility of melting is increased.
- the Si content is preferably 0.1 to 1.0%.
- Fe Fe easily forms an intermetallic compound having a size that can become a recrystallization nucleus, and makes the crystal grain size after brazing coarse so as to suppress the diffusion of the wax from the brazing material to the core material.
- the Fe content is 0.05 to 1.0%. If it is less than 0.05%, high-purity aluminum ingots must be used, resulting in high costs. If it exceeds 1.0%, the crystal grain size after brazing becomes fine and brazing diffusion may occur.
- the Fe content is preferably 0.1 to 0.5%.
- Cu Cu improves the strength by solid solution strengthening.
- the Cu content is 0.05 to 1.2%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 1.2%, the possibility of cracking of the aluminum alloy during casting becomes high.
- the Cu content is preferably 0.3 to 1.0%.
- Mn Mn forms an Al—Mn—Si-based intermetallic compound together with Si, and improves the strength by dispersion strengthening or by solid solution in an aluminum matrix.
- the Mn content is 0.6 to 1.8%. If the content is less than 0.6%, the above effect is insufficient. If the content exceeds 1.8%, a giant intermetallic compound is easily formed during casting, and the plastic workability is lowered.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.8 to 1.6%.
- Mg Mg improves the strength by precipitation of Mg 2 Si.
- the Mg content is preferably 0.05 to 0.5%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may be insufficient, and if it exceeds 0.5%, brazing may be difficult.
- the Mg content is more preferably 0.15 to 0.4%.
- Ti Ti improves the strength by solid solution strengthening.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If the content is less than 0.05%, the above effects may be insufficient. If the content exceeds 0.3%, a giant intermetallic compound may be easily formed, and plastic workability may be reduced.
- the Ti content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- Zr Zr improves the strength by solid solution strengthening, and also precipitates an Al—Zr intermetallic compound and acts on the coarsening of crystal grains after brazing.
- the Zr content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the Zr content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- Cr Cr improves the strength by solid solution strengthening, and also precipitates an Al—Cr intermetallic compound and acts on coarsening of the crystal grains after brazing.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the Cr content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- V V improves strength by solid solution strengthening and also improves corrosion resistance.
- the V content is preferably 0.05 to 0.3%. If it is less than 0.05%, the above effect may not be obtained. If it exceeds 0.3%, it becomes easy to form a giant intermetallic compound, and the plastic workability may be lowered.
- the V content is more preferably 0.1 to 0.2%.
- the core material is Si: 0.1 to 1.2 mass%, Fe: 0.05 to 1.0 mass%, Cu: 0.05 to 1.2 mass%, Mn: 0.6 to 1.8 mass. %, And an aluminum alloy composed of the balance Al and inevitable impurities is preferably used. Further, in this composition, Mg: 0.05 to 0.5 mass%, Ti: 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, Zr: 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.3 mass%, and V: An aluminum alloy further containing one or more selected from 0.05 to 0.3 mass% may be used.
- brazing material a commonly used Al—Si alloy can be used.
- the alloy composition is not particularly limited, and for example, JIS 4343, 4045, 4047 alloys (Al-7 to 13 mass% Si) are preferably used.
- E Manufacturing method of high corrosion resistance aluminum alloy brazing sheet
- E-1 Manufacture of core material
- the core material used for the aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention is cast by a normal semi-continuous casting method. If necessary, homogenization treatment is performed at 400 to 620 ° C. for 1 to 20 hours, and then the thickness is adjusted by chamfering or the like to produce a core material ingot.
- the sacrificial anode material used in the present invention includes a casting step by semi-continuous casting, a step of heating the resulting ingot, and a step of hot rolling this.
- the density of Si particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more in the matrix is set to 5000 particles / mm 2 or less, and the equivalent circle diameter of 5.0 ⁇ m or more. It is preferable that the abundance density of the Si particles having a ratio of 500 particles / mm 2 or less. Thereby, coarsening of Si particles is prevented.
- the cooling rate of the ingot in the casting process of the sacrificial anode material is controlled, the heating temperature and the heating time in the heating process after the casting process are controlled, and the temperature at the end of hot rolling after the heating process is controlled.
- the cooling rate of the sacrificial anode material is controlled to a certain reference value or more, which means that the reference value increases as the Si content increases.
- the cooling rate at the time of casting is a cooling rate when the slab center part solidifies. It is more preferable that the cooling rate (V) at the time of casting the sacrificial anode material and the Si content (Sic) added to the sacrificial anode material satisfy the following formula (3). V ⁇ Sic / 4 (3)
- the ingot of the sacrificial anode material obtained by the casting is rolled to a predetermined thickness in the hot rolling process.
- the ingot temperature in the heating step before the hot rolling step is preferably 300 to 500 ° C. and the holding time is preferably 1 to 10 hours. If the temperature of the ingot exceeds 500 ° C. or the holding time exceeds 10 hours, the Si particles in the sacrificial anode material become coarse and a more appropriate distribution cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. On the other hand, if the temperature of the ingot is less than 300 ° C., the deformation resistance at the time of hot rolling is large and rolling may be difficult, and if the holding time is less than 1 hour, the temperature of the ingot may not be uniform.
- the ingot of the sacrificial anode material is subjected to a hot rolling process after the heating process.
- the temperature of the ingot at the end of hot rolling is preferably 350 ° C. or less. If the temperature at the end of hot rolling exceeds 350 ° C., the Si particles in the sacrificial anode material become coarse and a more appropriate distribution cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance.
- the plate thickness of the sacrificial anode material after hot rolling is determined by the target cladding rate and the ingot thickness of the core material, but is usually about 10 to 100 mm.
- Brazing material is also produced by a casting process and a hot rolling process, but no special control is required here, and it is usually cast at a cooling rate of 0.3 ° C / s or more, and 1 at 500 ° C or less. After being heated for more than an hour, it is hot rolled.
- An aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention uses a core material, a sacrificial anode material and a brazing material manufactured by the above method, and a sacrificial anode material on one surface of the core material and a brazing material on the other surface.
- a mating process to form a mating material a heating process for heating the ingot of the mating material, and a combined hot rolling process for rolling the heated mating material Including.
- the temperature and holding time of the ingot in the heating process are 1 to 10 hours at 400 to 500 ° C. If the ultimate temperature of the ingot exceeds 500 ° C. or the holding time exceeds 10 hours, the Si particles in the sacrificial anode material become coarse and a more appropriate Si distribution cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance. On the other hand, when the temperature reached to the ingot is less than 400 ° C., the core material, the sacrificial anode material, and the brazing material may not be metal-bonded, and when the heating time is less than 1 hour, the temperature of the laminated material may not be uniform.
- the laminated material that has undergone the heating process is subjected to a combined hot rolling process.
- the time required for the combined hot rolling process is preferably 40 minutes or less.
- the temperature of the laminated material at the end of the laminated hot rolling process is preferably 300 ° C. or lower. If the rolling time exceeds 40 minutes or the temperature at the end of rolling exceeds 300 ° C., the Si particles in the sacrificial anode material become coarse and a more appropriate Si distribution cannot be obtained, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance.
- the time required for the combined hot rolling is more preferably at least 10 minutes.
- the material When hot rolling is performed so that the time is less than 10 minutes, the material may be cracked, the sacrificial anode material or the brazing material may be peeled off, and it may be extremely difficult to ensure manufacturability.
- the plate thickness at the end of the combined hot rolling it is usually about 2 to 10 mm.
- the aluminum alloy brazing sheet obtained by the combined hot rolling is then rolled to a predetermined plate thickness by cold rolling.
- an annealing process may be performed once or twice. There are no particular restrictions on the conditions of the cold rolling or annealing process, but usually, annealing is performed in the middle of cold rolling, and then rolling of about 5 to 80% is performed to obtain a predetermined sheet thickness to be H1X tempered or predetermined After rolling to plate thickness, annealing is performed to make H2X refining.
- the annealing process is usually performed at 200 to 500 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours using a batch furnace, or at 200 to 550 ° C. using a continuous furnace.
- the thickness of the aluminum alloy brazing sheet of the present invention and the clad rate of the brazing material layer are not particularly limited, but usually about 0.6 mm when used as an intercooler tube material for circulating compressed air by a turbocharger.
- the following thin brazing sheet can be obtained.
- the plate thickness is not limited to this range, and can be used as a relatively thick material having a thickness of about 0.6 mm to about 5 mm.
- the clad rate of the brazing material layer is usually about 3 to 20%.
- the aluminum alloy brazing sheet according to the present invention suppresses the uniform corrosion due to the low pH of the corrosive liquid in the state after the brazing addition heat, and the pitting corrosion due to the chloride ion contained in the corrosive liquid. It has the effect of suppressing generation and growth at the same time, is excellent in strength, and has good brazing properties. Therefore, it is suitable for, for example, a lightweight automotive heat exchanger.
- Inner Fin Material Next, the configuration and component range of the inner fin material when the aluminum alloy brazing sheet of the present invention is used in a heat exchanger having an inner fin will be described. Bare fins are used for the inner fins. As described above, when the inner fin has the brazing filler metal, the Si particles in the brazing filler metal serve as a cathode in the environment of the exhaust gas condensed water to increase the corrosion rate. Therefore, a bare fin having excellent corrosion resistance is used.
- the Al alloy component of the inner fin material is limited to Cu 0.1% or less and Zn 0.5% or less. Cu becomes a cathode in the environment of exhaust gas condensate, and increases the corrosion rate by inducing intergranular corrosion.
- the components other than Cu and Zn in the inner fin are not particularly limited, but pure Al-based, Al-Fe-based, and Al-Mn-based alloys are usually used.
- the method for producing the heat exchanger according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is usually produced by molding and combining parts such as tubes, fins, headers, etc., and then brazing by heating to about 600 ° C.
- the method for producing the heat exchanger according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is usually produced by molding and combining parts such as tubes, fins, headers, etc., and then brazing by heating to about 600 ° C.
- the heat exchanger obtained in this way has high pressure resistance characteristics and good corrosion resistance, so in an automotive heat exchanger or the like that serves as an environment for exhaust gas to pass through the tube material. , Can exhibit good durability.
- the sacrificial anode material having the alloy components shown in Table 1 and the core material alloy having the alloy components shown in Table 2 were each cast by DC casting and finished by facing each side.
- the ingot thicknesses of the core material and the sacrificial anode material at this time were both 500 mm.
- Table 1 shows the cooling rate of the sacrificial anode material in the casting process and the value of Sic / 5.
- JIS 4045 alloy was used as a brazing material, and the sacrificial anode material and 4045 alloy brazing material were each rolled to a desired thickness through a heating step and a hot rolling step.
- Table 3 shows the conditions of the heating process and the hot rolling process of the sacrificial anode material.
- the sacrificial anode material of Table 1 was combined as the skin material 1 on one side of the core material, and the sacrificial anode material or 4045 alloy brazing material of Table 1 was combined as the skin material 2 on the other surface.
- These laminated materials were subjected to a heating step and a hot rolling step to produce a 3.5 mm three-layer clad material.
- Table 3 shows the conditions for the heating process and the hot rolling process of the laminated material.
- These clad materials were subjected to intermediate annealing (condition: held at 400 ° C. for 5 hours) and final cold rolling to prepare samples as H1n tempered plate materials having a thickness of 0.5 mm.
- the sacrificial anode material shown in Table 1 as the skin material 1 As shown in Table 4, in the present invention example and the comparative example, the sacrificial anode material shown in Table 1 as the skin material 1, the sacrificial anode material or 4045 alloy brazing material shown in Table 1 as the skin material 2, and Table 2 And the process conditions shown in Table 3 were combined.
- G-2 Measurement of the existence density of Si particles
- the existence density of Si particles having a circle-equivalent diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or more is obtained by observing a cross section of the sacrificial anode material of the sample etched with the Keller solution with a microscope. Measured by. In the case where the sacrificial anode material was clad on both sides, the skin material 1 was used as the measurement surface.
- G-3 Measurement of average crystal grain size of sacrificial anode material after brazing After subjecting the sample to brazing addition heat with a plate material alone, the L-ST surface is polished and anodized using Barker's solution, and polarized And the average crystal grain size in the thickness direction of the sacrificial anode material was measured. The observation magnification was 100 times, and the average of all crystal grains of the sacrificial anode material in the three fields of view was taken as the average crystal grain size. In the case where the sacrificial anode material was clad on both sides, the skin material 1 was used as the measurement surface.
- brazeability 3003 alloy was formed into a fin by corrugation, combined with the sacrificial anode material surface of the sample, immersed in a 5% fluoride flux aqueous solution, and subjected to brazing addition heat at 80 ° C. for 3 minutes.
- the brazing property is “ ⁇ ”, and the fin joint ratio is less than 95% and / or the sample has melted.
- Brazing property was set to “x”.
- Sacrificial anode material and brazing material thickness X value, presence density of Si particles having equivalent circle diameter of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or more in sacrificial anode material, thickness of sacrificial anode material after brazing Table 6 shows the results of the average crystal grain size, the corrosion depth, and the brazing property in the vertical direction.
- Comparative Example 15 the corrosion resistance was inferior because the sacrificial anode material had too many Si components.
- Comparative Example 16 the corrosion resistance was inferior because there was too much Zn component in the sacrificial anode material.
- Comparative Example 17 the corrosion resistance was inferior because the Zn component of the sacrificial anode material was too small.
- Comparative Example 18 the corrosion resistance was inferior because there was too much Fe component in the sacrificial anode material.
- Comparative Example 19 the brazing property was inferior because the Si component of the sacrificial anode material was too small.
- Comparative Example 20 since the thickness of the sacrificial anode material was too thin, the brazeability was inferior.
- Comparative Example 21 since the thickness of the sacrificial anode material was too thick, the brazing property was inferior.
- the aluminum alloy clad material according to the present invention has the effect of suppressing the uniform corrosion due to the low pH of the corrosive solution and also suppressing the occurrence and growth of pitting corrosion due to the chloride ion contained in the corrosive solution. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a corrosion-resistant material such as a fluid passage constituent material of a heat exchanger for automobiles, for example.
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Abstract
Description
X=(1.1-0.1×Sic)×Znc×T (1)
V≧Sic/5 (2)
まず、本発明の効果が最大限に発揮される腐食環境について説明する。本発明に係る高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートは、チューブ材内部を自動車の排気ガスなどが通過する熱交換器に用いられる場合に効果を最大限に発揮することができる。上述のように、pHが低いと液中にH+が多く存在するため腐食速度が速く、ブレージングシートの表面がZnを添加したAl-Si系ろう材である場合、表層のSi粒子がカソードとなり、しかもZnがアルミニウムの溶解を促進するため、腐食速度が更に増大することになる。本発明に係るブレージングシートはこのような排ガス凝縮水に特有の問題点を解決するものであり、内部を自動車の排気ガスなどが通過する熱交換器のチューブ材として用いられる場合、本発明のブレージングシートは腐食を抑制し、その効果を最大限に発揮する。内部を排気ガスが通過しない熱交換器のチューブ材として用いられる場合、腐食速度はさほど大きくないため、本発明の効果は有効には発揮されない。
B-1.Si
Siを添加することにより犠牲陽極材の融点が低下して液相を生じさせ、これによってろう付けを可能にする。Si含有量は2.5~7.0mass%(以下、単に「%」と記す)である。2.5mass%未満では、液相が僅かしか生じないので外部ろう付けが機能し難い。一方、7.0%を超えると、ろう付け加熱時に生じる液相量が多くなり過ぎ、残存固相として存在する犠牲陽極材部分が少なくなり、耐食性が低下する。Si含有量は、好ましくは3.0~6.0%である。
Znは電位を卑にすることができ、心材との電位差を形成することで犠牲陽極効果により耐食性を向上することができる。Znの含有量は1.0~5.5%である。1.0%未満では、犠牲陽極効果による耐食性向上の効果が十分ではない。一方、5.5%を超えると、腐食速度が速くなり早期に犠牲陽極材が消失して耐食性が低下する。
FeはAl-Fe系やAl-Fe-Si系の化合物を形成し易く、これらの化合物はアルミニウム中でカソードとなり耐食性を低下させる。Fe含有量は、0.05~1.0%である。0.05%未満では、高純度アルミニウム地金を使用しなければならなくなってコスト高を招く。一方、1.0%を超えると、カソード反応が活性化して耐食性が不十分となる。Fe含有量は、好ましくは0.1~0.5%である。
Tiは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、耐食性も向上させる。Ti含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では、上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Ti含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Zrは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、Al-Zr系の金属間化合物を析出させてろう付後の結晶粒粗大化に作用する。Zr含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Zr含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Crは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、Al-Cr系の金属間化合物を析出させてろう付後の結晶粒粗大化に作用する。Cr含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Cr含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Vは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、耐食性も向上させる。V含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。V含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
これら、Ti、Zr、Cr、Vは、犠牲陽極材中に必要により少なくとも1種が添加されていればよい。
さらに、Si含有量であるSic(mass%)、Zn含有量であるZnc(mass)、そして犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さT(μm)については、それぞれの範囲内に規制するだけではなく、これらが上記式(1)を満たすことが耐食性の観点から好ましい。式(1)におけるXは、ろう付加熱時において溶解せずに固体として残存する犠牲陽極材中のZnの総量を表すものである。
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートを構成する犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さは25~80μmに規定されるが、その理由について説明する。本発明に用いる犠牲陽極材は犠牲防食効果だけでなく、ろう付加熱時にその一部が溶融してろう材となり、ベアフィンとろう付接合する役割も果たす。犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さが25μm未満では、犠牲陽極材のSi成分がろう付け加熱中に犠牲陽極材から芯材中へ拡散してしまう。その結果、ろう付け時における犠牲陽極材中の残存Si量が少なくなり、ろう付けのための溶融した液相量の確保が困難となる。また、犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さが80μmを超えると、流動するろう材が過剰となりフィン材をろうが侵食するエロージョンが生じてしまう。
さらに、素板における犠牲陽極材の金属組織については、マトリックス中における円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子の存在密度が重要である。すなわち、犠牲陽極材のマトリックス中における円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子の存在密度を、5000個/mm2以下とするのが好ましい。既に述べたように、Si粒子は腐食反応においてカソードとなり腐食速度を増大させる。1.0μm未満のSi粒子はろう付加熱時に溶解してろう材となるため、溶け残った犠牲陽極材の腐食速度を増大させることはない。一方、1.0μm以上のSi粒子は溶け残った犠牲陽極材中にろう付加熱後も残存するため、腐食速度を増大させる。酸性領域でのアルミニウムの腐食速度はpHに対して負の指数関数となるため、pHが低いほど円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子密度の違いによる腐食速度の差は大きくなる。そのため、晒される液のpHが低いほど、本発明の優位性が発揮されるのである。円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子の存在密度が5000個/mm2以下とすることにより、犠牲陽極材の腐食速度が抑制されて十分な耐食性が得られる。円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子の存在密度が5000個/mm2より多い場合には、犠牲陽極材の腐食速度が増大して十分な耐食性が得られない。なお、円相当直径1.0μm以上のSi粒子のより好ましい存在密度は、3000個/mm2以下である。
本発明のアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートでは、ろう付加熱された後において、犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径が、前記犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さの80%以上であることが好ましい。本発明のアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートはろう付すると犠牲陽極材の粒界に溶融ろうが生成するため、ろう付後に腐食環境に晒されると、粒界が局部腐食する。ろう付後の犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径が犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さの80%以上である場合、厚さ方向における犠牲陽極材の中間、或いは、犠牲陽極材と心材との界面に存在する粒界が少ないため、粒界腐食による結晶粒の脱落が抑制される。そのため犠牲陽極材が腐食によって消失するまでには長時間を要し、十分な耐食性を得ることができる。ろう付後の犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径が犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さの80%未満の場合、厚さ方向における犠牲陽極材の中間、或いは、犠牲陽極材と心材との界面に粒界が多く存在するため、粒界腐食による結晶粒の脱落が生じ易い。そのため犠牲陽極材が早期に消失してしまい、十分な耐食性を得ることができない。なお、ろう付後の犠牲陽極材の結晶粒径は、より好ましくは犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さの90%以上である。
本発明の心材に用いるアルミニウム合金はJIS 3000系合金、例えばJIS 3003合金等のAl-Mn系合金が好適である。主な成分について以下に説明する。
Siは、Mnと共にAl-Mn-Si系の金属間化合物を形成し、分散強化により又はアルミニウム母相中に固溶して固溶強化により強度を向上させる。Si含有量は、0.1~1.2%である。0.1%未満では上記効果が不十分となり、1.2%を超えると心材の融点が低下し、溶融が起こる可能性が高くなる。Si含有量は、好ましくは0.1~1.0%である。
Feは、再結晶核となり得るサイズの金属間化合物を形成し易く、ろう付後の結晶粒径を粗大にしてろう材から心材へのろうの拡散を抑制する。Fe含有量は、0.05~1.0%である。0.05%未満では高純度アルミニウム地金を使用しなければならずコスト高となり、1.0%を超えるとろう付後の結晶粒径が微細となり、ろう拡散が生じる虞がある。Fe含有量は、好ましくは0.1~0.5%である。
Cuは、固溶強化により強度を向上させる。Cu含有量は、0.05~1.2%である。0.05%未満では上記効果が不十分となり、1.2%を超えると鋳造時におけるアルミニウム合金の割れ発生の可能性が高くなる。Cu含有量は、好ましくは0.3~1.0%である。
Mnは、SiとともにAl-Mn-Si系の金属間化合物を形成し、分散強化により又はアルミニウム母相中に固溶して固溶強化により強度を向上させる。Mn含有量は、0.6~1.8%である。0.6%未満では上記効果が不十分となり、1.8%を超えると鋳造時に巨大金属間化合物が形成され易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる。Mn含有量は、好ましくは0.8~1.6%である。
Mgは、Mg2Siの析出により強度を向上させる。Mg含有量は、0.05~0.5%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が不十分となる場合があり、0.5%を超えるとろう付が困難となる場合がある。Mg含有量は、より好ましくは0.15~0.4%である。
Tiは、固溶強化により強度を向上させる。Ti含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が不十分となる場合があり、0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Ti含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Zrは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、Al-Zr系の金属間化合物を析出させてろう付後の結晶粒粗大化に作用する。Zr含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Zr含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Crは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、Al-Cr系の金属間化合物を析出させてろう付後の結晶粒粗大化に作用する。Cr含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。Cr含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
Vは固溶強化により強度を向上させると共に、耐食性も向上させる。V含有量は、0.05~0.3%とするのが好ましい。0.05%未満では上記効果が得られない場合がある。0.3%を超えると巨大金属間化合物を形成し易くなり、塑性加工性を低下させる場合がある。V含有量は、より好ましくは0.1~0.2%である。
ろう材には、通常用いられているAl-Si系合金を使用することができる。合金組成は特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、JIS4343、4045、4047合金(Al-7~13mass%Si)が好適に用いられる。
E-1.心材の製造
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートに用いる心材は、通常の半連続鋳造法で鋳造される。必要に応じて400~620℃で1~20時間の均質化処理を行い、その後、面削などで厚さを調整して、心材の鋳塊が作製される。
本発明で用いる犠牲陽極材は、半連続鋳造による鋳造工程と、得られる鋳塊を加熱する工程と、更にこれを熱間圧延する工程とを含む。犠牲陽極材の耐食性を更に向上させるには、マトリックス中において、1.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度を5000個/mm2以下とし、かつ、5.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度を500個/mm2以下とするのが好ましい。これによって、Si粒子の粗大化が防止される。そのためには、犠牲陽極材の鋳造工程における鋳塊の冷却速度を制御し、鋳造工程後の加熱工程における加熱温度及び加熱時間を制御し、加熱工程後における熱間圧延終了時の温度を制御する必要がある。
V≧Sic/4 (3)
ろう材も鋳造工程と熱間圧延工程により製造されるが、ここでは特別な制御は必要なく、通常は0.3℃/s以上の冷却速度で鋳造され、500℃以下で1時間以上加熱された後に熱間圧延される。
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートは、上記の方法で製造される心材、犠牲陽極材及びろう材を用いて、心材の一方の面に犠牲陽極材を他方の面にろう材を組み合わせて、或いは、心材の両面に犠牲陽極材を組み合わせて、合わせ材とする合わせ工程と、合わせ材の鋳塊を加熱する加熱工程と、加熱した合わせ材を圧延する合わせ熱間圧延工程とを含む。これら合わせ材の製造工程においても、犠牲陽極材のマトリックス中に存在する1.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度を5000個/mm2以下とするように制御するのが好ましい。これによって、Si粒子の粗大化が防止されて、耐食性が更に向上する。
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートは、ろう付加熱後の状態において、腐食液のpHが低いことによる均一腐食を抑制し、なおかつ腐食液に塩化物イオンが含まれることによる孔食の発生・成長をも同時に抑制する効果を有し、強度に優れ、ろう付性も良好であるので、例えば軽量の自動車用熱交換器用として好適である。
次に、本発明のアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートを、インナーフィンを有する熱交換器に使用する場合の、インナーフィン材の構成及び成分範囲について説明する。
インナーフィンには、ベアフィンを使用する。上述のように、インナーフィンがろう材を有する場合には、排ガス凝縮水の環境において、ろう材中のSi粒子がカソードとなり腐食速度が増大する。そこで、耐食性に優れるベアフィンが用いられる。
インナーフィン材のAl合金成分としては、Cu0.1%以下、Zn0.5%以下に制限される。Cuは排ガス凝縮水の環境においてカソードとなり、また粒界腐食を誘起することにより腐食速度を増大させるため、Cu含有量が0.1%を超えると腐食後の強度低下が大きくなり、熱交換器の耐圧強度を低下させてしまう。Znは排ガス凝縮液の環境においてアルミニウムの溶解を促進し腐食速度を増大させるため、含有量が0.5%を超えると腐食後の強度低下が大きく、熱交換器の耐圧強度を低下させてしまう。なお、インナーフィンにおけるCu、Zn以外の成分については特に制限はないが、通常、純Al系、Al-Fe系、Al-Mn系の合金が用いられる。
上記のようにして作製した試料の犠牲陽極材及びろう材の厚さを測定し、式(1)で与えられるX値を算出した。また、犠牲陽極材中における1.0μm以上及び5.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度をそれぞれ測定した。さらに、これらの試料を600℃で3分間のろう付加熱に供し、犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径、耐食性、ろう付性を評価した。
試料のL-ST面を研磨で面出しし、ケラー氏液でエッチングして、合金成分の違いによるコントラストの差異を顕微鏡で観察することにより、犠牲陽極材及び4045合金ろう材の厚さを測定した。
1.0μm以上及び5.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度は、前記のケラー氏液でエッチングしたサンプルの犠牲陽極材の断面を顕微鏡で観察することによって測定した。なお、両面に犠牲陽極材がクラッドされたものについては、皮材1を測定面とした。
試料を板材単独にてろう付加熱に供した後、L-ST面を研磨で面出しし、バーカー氏液を用いて陽極酸化させ、偏光をかけた顕微鏡で観察し、犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径を測定した。観察倍率は100倍とし、3視野における犠牲陽極材の全結晶粒の平均を取って平均結晶粒径とした。なお、両面に犠牲陽極材がクラッドされたものについては、皮材1を測定面とした。
試料を板材単独にてろう付加熱に供した後、50mm×50mmに切り出し、皮材2の面を樹脂によってマスキングして皮材1の犠牲陽極材がクラッドされた面を試験面とした。表5に示した成分の水溶液中にて、50℃で1000時間の浸漬試験に供した。試験終了後、濃硝酸よって腐食性生物を除去し、犠牲陽極材面に発生した腐食の深さを焦点深度法により測定し、最も深かったものを腐食深さとした。水溶液A、B、C、Dでの評価において、全ての水溶液で腐食深さが150μm未満である場合を合格(○)とし、一つでも150μm以上のものがある場合を不合格(×)とした。
3003合金をコルゲートによりフィンに成形して、試料の犠牲陽極材面と組合せ、5%のフッ化物フラックス水溶液中に浸漬し、80℃で3分間ろう付加熱に供した。この試験コアのフィン接合率が95%以上であり、なおかつ試料に溶融が生じていない場合をろう付性「○」とし、フィン接合率が95%未満及び/又は試料に溶融が生じた場合をろう付性が不十分「×」とした。
比較例16では、犠牲陽極材のZn成分が多過ぎるため耐食性が劣った。
比較例17では、犠牲陽極材のZn成分が少な過ぎるため耐食性が劣った。
比較例18では、犠牲陽極材のFe成分が多過ぎるため耐食性が劣った。
比較例19では、犠牲陽極材のSi成分が少なすぎるためろう付性が劣った。
比較例20では、犠牲陽極材の厚さが薄過ぎたため、ろう付け性が劣った。
比較例21では、犠牲陽極材の厚さが厚過ぎたため、ろう付け性が劣った。
Claims (10)
- アルミニウム合金の心材と、当該心材の一方の面にクラッドされた犠牲陽極材と、前記心材の他方の面にクラッドされたAl-Si系合金のろう材とを備えるアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートにおいて、前記犠牲陽極材が、Si:2.5~7.0mass%、Zn:1.0~5.5mass%、Fe0.05~1.0mass%を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金であり、当該犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さが25~80μmであることを特徴とする高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- アルミニウム合金の心材と、当該心材の両面にクラッドされた犠牲陽極材とを備えるアルミニウム合金ブレージングシートにおいて、前記犠牲陽極材が、Si:2.5~7.0mass%、Zn:1.0~5.5mass%、Fe0.05~1.0mass%を含有し、残部Alと不可避的不純物からなるアルミニウム合金であり、前記各犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さが25~80μmであることを特徴とする高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- 前記犠牲陽極材が、Ti0.05~0.3mass%、Zr:0.05~0.3mass%、Cr:0.05~0.3mass%及びV0.05~0.3mass%から選択される1種以上を更に含有するアルミニウム合金である、請求項1又は2に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- 前記犠牲陽極材のSi含有量をSic(mass%)、Zn含有量をZnc(mass%)、クラッド厚さをT(μm)として、下記式(1)により定まるXの値が150以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
X=(1.1-0.1×Sic)×Znc×T (1) - 前記犠牲陽極材のマトリックス中において、1.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度が5000個/mm2以下であり、かつ、5.0μm以上の円相当直径を有するSi粒子の存在密度が500個/mm2以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- 高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートがろう付加熱された後において、前記犠牲陽極材の厚さ方向における平均結晶粒径が、当該犠牲陽極材のクラッド厚さの80%以上である、請求項5に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- 自動車の排気ガスが流入する熱交換器のチューブ材に使用される、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシート。
- 請求項7に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートを用いて犠牲陽極材を内面とするチューブ材とし、当該犠牲陽極材面にベアフィンを配してインナーフィンを成し、前記犠牲陽極材とベアフィンをろう付け接合して形成されることを特徴とする高耐食性熱交換器。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートの製造方法であって、前記犠牲陽極材の製造工程が鋳造工程と加熱工程と熱間圧延工程とを含み、鋳造工程において、前記犠牲陽極材の鋳塊の冷却速度V(℃/s)と犠牲陽極材のSi含有量Sic(mass%)とが下記式(2)を満たし、鋳造工程後の加熱工程において、犠牲陽極材の鋳塊を300~500℃で1~10時間加熱保持し、加熱工程後の熱間圧延工程において、終了時における犠牲陽極材の温度を350℃以下とすることを特徴とする高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートの製造方法。
V≧Sic/5 (2) - 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートの製造方法であって、請求項9に記載の方法で製造される犠牲陽極材と、アルミニウム合金の心材と、Al-Si系合金のろう材とを組み合わせて合わせ材とする合わせ工程と、合わせ工程後において合わせ材を400~500℃で1~10時間加熱保持する加熱工程と、加熱工程後において合わせ材を圧延するのに要する時間を40分以下とし、圧延終了時における合わせ材の温度を300℃以下とする合わせ熱間圧延工程とを含むことを特徴とする高耐食性アルミニウム合金ブレージングシートの製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2489750B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
WO2011034102A4 (ja) | 2011-06-09 |
JP5602747B2 (ja) | 2014-10-08 |
EP2489750A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
US9095934B2 (en) | 2015-08-04 |
JPWO2011034102A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
US20120279694A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
EP2489750A4 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
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