WO2011033977A1 - 冷媒圧縮機、及び、冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷媒圧縮機、及び、冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011033977A1 WO2011033977A1 PCT/JP2010/065441 JP2010065441W WO2011033977A1 WO 2011033977 A1 WO2011033977 A1 WO 2011033977A1 JP 2010065441 W JP2010065441 W JP 2010065441W WO 2011033977 A1 WO2011033977 A1 WO 2011033977A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- refrigerant
- vane
- compression unit
- chromium
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/30—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members
- F04C18/34—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
- F04C18/356—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member
- F04C18/3562—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation
- F04C18/3564—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids having the characteristics covered by two or more of groups F04C18/02, F04C18/08, F04C18/22, F04C18/24, F04C18/48, or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F04C18/08 or F04C18/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members with vanes reciprocating with respect to the outer member the inner and outer member being in contact along one line or continuous surfaces substantially parallel to the axis of rotation the surfaces of the inner and outer member, forming the working space, being surfaces of revolution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/08—Rotary pistons
- F01C21/0809—Construction of vanes or vane holders
- F01C21/0881—Construction of vanes or vane holders the vanes consisting of two or more parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2230/00—Manufacture
- F04C2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
- F04C2230/21—Manufacture essentially without removing material by casting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2230/00—Manufacture
- F04C2230/90—Improving properties of machine parts
- F04C2230/91—Coating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2230/00—Manufacture
- F04C2230/90—Improving properties of machine parts
- F04C2230/92—Surface treatment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0403—Refractory metals, e.g. V, W
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0403—Refractory metals, e.g. V, W
- F05C2201/0406—Chromium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0436—Iron
- F05C2201/0439—Cast iron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0436—Iron
- F05C2201/0439—Cast iron
- F05C2201/0442—Spheroidal graphite cast iron, e.g. nodular iron, ductile iron
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12542—More than one such component
- Y10T428/12549—Adjacent to each other
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12576—Boride, carbide or nitride component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerant compressor and a refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- a sliding member for example, a vane or a piston
- a compression unit that compresses the refrigerant in the refrigerant compressor.
- a refrigerant compressor with improved wear resistance of the sliding member a refrigerant compressor described in Patent Document 1 below is known.
- the sliding member (vane) of the refrigerant compressor described in Patent Document 1 forms a nitrided layer on the surface of a base material (base material) to cure the base material, and an intermediate layer and a single layer or 2 A layer of an amorphous carbon layer is formed.
- the lower layer (base material side) is a hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon layer
- the upper layer is a metal-containing amorphous carbon layer.
- An object of the present invention is to suppress deformation of a base material of a vane used in a refrigerant compressor, improve adhesion of a film formed on the surface of the base material, and further, a member that is in sliding contact with the vane and the vane. Is to provide a refrigerant compressor capable of suppressing the wear of the refrigeration compressor and a refrigeration cycle apparatus using the refrigeration compressor.
- a refrigerant compressor includes a compression unit that compresses a refrigerant used in a refrigeration cycle, a vane that is slidably provided in the compression unit, and that has a metal material as a base material, and a surface of the base material.
- the first layer is made of a single layer of chromium
- the second layer is made of an alloy layer of chromium and tungsten carbide
- the third layer is a metal-containing amorphous material containing at least one of tungsten and tungsten carbide.
- the fourth layer is made of an amorphous carbon layer containing no carbon and containing carbon and hydrogen.
- the chromium content is higher on the first layer side than on the third layer side
- the tungsten carbide content is higher on the third layer side than on the first layer side.
- the content of at least one of tungsten or tungsten carbide is higher on the second layer side than on the fourth layer side.
- the roller is made of flake graphite cast iron containing molybdenum, nickel, and chromium.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes the above-described refrigerant compressor, a condenser connected to the compressor and condensing refrigerant compressed by the compressor, connected to the condenser, and condensed by the condenser.
- An expansion device that expands the generated refrigerant
- an evaporator that is connected to the expansion device and the compressor and evaporates the refrigerant expanded by the expansion device and then recirculates the refrigerant to the compressor.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a sealed sintered metal [sintered metal treated with a porosity sealing process] in the second embodiment. It is a graph which shows the abrasion loss of a vane and a roller.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 functions as a condenser during a cooling operation and as an evaporator during a heating operation, as well as a four-way valve 3 and a closed rotary refrigerant compressor [a hermetically-sealed rotary-type refrigerant compressor] 2
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the expansion device 5, an indoor heat exchanger 6 that functions as an evaporator during cooling operation and also functions as a condenser during heating operation, and an accumulator 7 are connected to each other.
- the refrigerant circulates in the above-described apparatus of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1.
- the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 2 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger (condenser) 4 via the four-way valve 3 as indicated by the solid arrow, It is condensed by heat exchange.
- the condensed refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger (evaporator) 6 through the expansion device 5.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor heat exchanger 6 evaporates by heat exchange with room air, and cools the room air.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the indoor heat exchanger 6 is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 2 through the four-way valve 3 and the accumulator 7.
- the refrigerant discharged from the refrigerant compressor 2 is supplied to the indoor heat exchanger (condenser) 6 via the four-way valve 3 and exchanges heat with room air, as indicated by broken line arrows.
- the condensed refrigerant flows out of the indoor heat exchanger 6 and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger (evaporator) 4 through the expansion device 5.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 4 evaporates by heat exchange with the outdoor air.
- the evaporated refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and is sucked into the refrigerant compressor 2 through the four-way valve 3 and the accumulator 7.
- the refrigerant flows sequentially in the same manner, and the operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is continued.
- the refrigerant HFC refrigerant, HC (hydrocarbon) refrigerant, carbon dioxide refrigerant or the like is used.
- the refrigerant compressor 2 is a two-cylinder type and includes a sealed case 2a.
- An electric motor 8 and a rotary compression unit 9 are accommodated in the sealed case 2a.
- the electric motor 8 and the rotary compression unit 9 are connected via a rotary shaft [an ⁇ rotary shaft] 10.
- the rotating shaft 10 has eccentric parts 10a and 10b.
- the electric motor 8 includes a rotor 8a and a stator 8b.
- the electric motor 8 may be any of a brushless DC synchronous motor driven by an inverter, an AC motor, a motor driven by a commercial power source, and the like.
- Refrigerant oil 11 for lubricating the rotary compression unit 9 is stored at the bottom of the sealed case 2a.
- refrigerating machine oil 11 POE (polyol ester), PVE (polyvinyl ether), PAG (polyalkylene glycol), or the like is used.
- the rotary compression unit 9 includes a first compression unit 9a and a second compression unit 9b.
- the first compression unit 9a includes a cylinder 13a that forms a cylinder chamber 12a
- the second compression unit 9b includes a cylinder 13b that forms a cylinder chamber 12b.
- a roller 14a and a vane (sliding member) 15a are accommodated in the cylinder 13a.
- a roller 14b and a vane (sliding member) 15b are accommodated in the cylinder 13b.
- a part of the second compression unit 9 b is cross-sectioned with a different cut surface [cross-sectioned with a different cross-sectional plane].
- the roller 14a is fitted in the eccentric portion 10a of the rotating shaft 10, and rotates eccentrically in the cylinder chamber 12a as the rotating shaft 10 rotates.
- the roller 14 b is fitted in the eccentric portion 10 b of the rotary shaft 10 and rotates eccentrically in the cylinder chamber 12 b as the rotary shaft 10 rotates.
- the rollers 14a and 14b are made of flake graphite cast iron containing molybdenum, nickel, and chromium.
- the 1st compression unit 9a and the 2nd compression unit 9b have the same structure.
- the vane 15a is slidably accommodated in a slot 16a formed in the cylinder 13a.
- a spring (not shown) that urges the vane 15a in a direction to bring the tip of the vane 15a into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the roller 14a is housed in the groove 16a.
- the vane 15b is also slidably accommodated in a groove 16b formed in the cylinder 13b.
- a spring 35b (see FIG. 2) that urges the vane 15b in a direction to bring the tip of the vane 15b into contact with the outer peripheral surface of the roller 14b is housed in the groove 16b.
- Both ends of the cylinder 13a of the first compression unit 9a are covered with the main bearing 17 and the partition plate 18, respectively, and a cylinder chamber 12a is formed inside.
- Both ends of the cylinder 13b of the second compression unit 9b are covered with the auxiliary bearing 19 and the partition plate 18, respectively, and a cylinder chamber 12b is formed inside.
- the main bearing 17 is provided with a discharge hole 20a communicating the cylinder chamber 12a and the internal space of the sealed case 2a and a discharge valve 21a for opening and closing the discharge hole 20a.
- the auxiliary bearing 19 is provided with a discharge hole 20b for communicating the cylinder chamber 12b and the internal space of the sealed case 2a, and a discharge valve 21b for opening and closing the discharge hole 20b.
- a discharge pipe 22 for discharging the compressed refrigerant in the sealed case 2a toward the four-way valve 3 is connected to the upper part of the sealed case 2a.
- a suction pipe 23 that guides the refrigerant from the accumulator 7 into the cylinder chambers 12a and 12b is connected to the lower portion of the side surface of the sealed case 2a.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the edge of the vane 15a or 15b.
- the vanes 15a and 15b have the same structure.
- the base material 24 of the vane 15a (15b) is formed by cold forging chrome molybdenum steel which is a metal material.
- the base material 24 is subjected to surface hardening treatment by carburizing and quenching, and the surface hardness is set to Pickers hardness 650.
- the surface hardening treatment does not mean that only the surface of the base material 24 is hardened, but means that at least the surface of the base material 24 is hardened, and the whole base material 24 may be hardened. Including.
- a film 29 in which the first to fourth layers 25 to 28 are sequentially laminated is formed on the surface of the base material 24 that has been subjected to the surface hardening treatment.
- the first layer 25 is a single layer of chromium (Cr).
- the second layer 26 is an alloy layer of chromium and tungsten carbide (WC).
- the third layer 27 is an amorphous carbon layer containing tungsten (W).
- the fourth layer 28 is an amorphous carbon layer containing no carbon and containing carbon and hydrogen.
- the third layer 27 may be an amorphous carbon layer containing tungsten carbide instead of tungsten, or an amorphous carbon layer containing both tungsten and tungsten carbide.
- the chromium content is higher on the first layer 25 side than on the third layer 27 side, and the tungsten carbide content is higher on the third layer 27 side than on the first layer 25 side.
- a content gradient [content gradient] is formed.
- the third layer 27 is formed with a content gradient in which the content of tungsten is higher on the second layer 26 side than on the fourth layer 28 side.
- the thicknesses of the layers 25 to 28 are 0.1 ⁇ m for the first layer 25, 0.2 ⁇ m for the second layer 26, 0.5 ⁇ m for the third layer 27, and 2.2 ⁇ m for the fourth layer 28, respectively.
- the overall thickness dimension is 3 ⁇ m.
- the graph of FIG. 5 has shown the result of having measured each wear amount of the vane 15b (15a) and the roller 14b (14a) by the driving
- Example 1 Vane A film 29 is formed on the surface-cured substrate 24 (vanes 15a and 15b in FIG. 4). Roller: formed of flake graphite cast iron containing molybdenum, nickel and chromium (rollers 14a and 14b).
- Comparative Example 1 Vane formed of high speed steel (SKH51). Roller: formed of flake graphite cast iron containing molybdenum, nickel and chromium.
- Comparative Example 2 Vane: formed of high speed steel (SKH51).
- Roller formed of flake graphite cast iron (similar to the rollers 14a and 14b).
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are attached to the rotary compression unit 9 of the refrigerant compressor 2, and the liquid refrigerant is forcibly and repeatedly sucked into the rotary compression unit 9.
- the vane struck the roller violently.
- the condensation temperature was 65 ° C.
- Example 5 shows that the amount of wear of the vanes and rollers of Example 1 is significantly smaller than the amount of wear of the vanes and rollers of the other comparative examples.
- the base material 24 formed of the metal of the vanes 15a and 15b to surface hardening treatment by carburizing and quenching, the elastic deformation of the base material 24 at the time of high load action can be suppressed. For this reason, deformation of the film 29 at the time of high load action can be suppressed, and adhesion between the substrate 24 and the film 29 and between the layers 25 to 28 in the film 29 can be improved.
- the first layer 25 is a single layer of chromium
- the second layer 26 is an alloy layer of chromium and tungsten carbide
- the third layer 27 is tungsten and tungsten.
- a metal-containing amorphous carbon layer containing at least one of carbides is used
- the fourth layer 28 is an amorphous carbon layer containing carbon and hydrogen that does not contain metal.
- the chromium content is higher on the first layer 25 side than the third layer 27 side
- the tungsten carbide content is higher on the third layer 27 side than the first layer 25 side.
- a content gradient is formed.
- a content rate gradient is formed so that the content rate of tungsten is higher on the second layer 26 side than on the fourth layer 28 side.
- the hardness differences between the first layer 25 and the second layer 26, between the second layer 26 and the third layer 27, and between the third layer 27 and the fourth layer 28 are reduced. Since the adhesion between the layers 25 to 28 is improved, the occurrence of cracks in the film 29 can be suppressed.
- the fourth layer 28 located on the outermost side of the coating 29 is an amorphous carbon layer containing carbon and hydrogen that does not contain a metal
- the amorphous carbon layer containing a metal is provided on the outermost side. Can also be increased in hardness, and the wear resistance of the vanes 15a and 15b can be improved.
- the tips of the vanes 15a and 15b having the coating 29 formed on the surface of the surface-hardened base material 24 were formed of flake graphite cast iron containing molybdenum, nickel and chromium.
- the amount of wear of the vanes 15a and 15b and the rollers 14a and 14b can be reduced by bringing them into sliding contact with the rollers 14a and 14b, respectively. Therefore, the amount of wear of the vanes 15a and 15b and the rollers 14a and 14b is small, and a highly reliable refrigerant compressor 2 can be realized.
- the first embodiment is performed even if the surface hardening treatment is not performed. The same effect is obtained.
- the cylinders 13a and 13b are made of flake graphite cast iron, or are made of sintered metal whose surface is sealed.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the sintered metal 30 whose surface is sealed.
- the sintered metal 30 has a base 31 formed of iron, copper, and a carbon-based sintered alloy, and a film 32 of iron trioxide is formed on the surface of the base 31 by steam treatment. In the sintering process, pores 33 are formed on the surface of the substrate 31, and the pores 33 are filled with the coating 32. It should be noted that a slight dent 34 is likely to be formed above the air holes 33 on the surface of the film 32.
- FIG. 7 shows the measurement of the total wear amount of the vane 15a (15b) and the cylinder 13a (13b) at the sliding contact portion between the side surface of the vane 15a (15b) and the surface of the groove 16a (16b) of the cylinder 13a (13b). It is a graph which shows a result.
- the vane 15a (15b) is also formed with a film 29 on the side surface in sliding contact with the surface of the groove 16a (16b).
- vanes 15a and 15b having the film 29 formed on the side surfaces in all Examples A to D were used.
- Example A cylinders 13a and 13b formed of spheroidal graphite cast iron are used.
- Example B cylinders 13a and 13b formed of flake graphite cast iron are used.
- Example C vanadium and phosphorus are used. Cylinders 13a and 13b formed of added flake graphite cast iron were used.
- Example D cylinders 13a and 13b formed of sintered metal 30 having coating 31 shown in FIG. 7 were used.
- the above measurement is performed by attaching the vane on which the film 29 is formed and the cylinders of Examples A to D to the rotary compression unit 9 of the refrigerant compressor 2 and rotating them.
- the liquid refrigerant was forcibly and repeatedly sucked into the compression unit 9 to make the vane violently collide with the roller.
- Example A spheroidal graphite cast iron
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the relationship between the material of the rotating shaft 10, the presence or absence of the coating 29 on the rotating shaft 10, and the shaft seizure property [burnout characteristics of the shaft].
- the seizure property may be in order of rank C, B, A.
- the refrigerant compressor 2 is required to increase the variable rotational speed of the rotary compression unit 9.
- the rotation shaft 10 and the bearings may be in direct contact without an oil film. is there. Therefore, the formation of the film 29 on the surface of the rotating shaft 10 can suppress seizure during the operation state at the low frequency rotation, and can reduce the wear of the sliding contact portion.
- the end surfaces of the bearings are in sliding contact with the side surfaces of the vanes 15a and 15b, respectively.
- the bearings 17 and 19 are made of flake graphite cast iron, and are made of sintered metal 30 (FIG. 6) whose surface is sealed as described in the second embodiment.
- the above-described coating 29 is also formed on the side surfaces of the vanes 15a and 15b that are in sliding contact with the bearings 17 and 19.
- the bearings 17 and 19 are formed of flake graphite cast iron, and the bearings 17 and 19 are formed of the sintered metal 30 having the film 31. ,.
- the wear resistance of the bearings 17 and 19 was measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the measurement is performed by attaching the vanes having the coating 29 to the rotary compression unit 9 of the refrigerant compressor 2 and the bearings 17 and 19 made of different materials, and rotating the compression.
- the liquid refrigerant was forcibly and repeatedly sucked into the unit 9 repeatedly, and the vanes 15a and 15b were violently collided with the rollers 14a and 14b.
- the bearings 17 and 19 are both formed when the bearings 17 and 19 are made of flake graphite cast iron and when the bearings 17 and 19 are made of the sintered metal 30 having the coating 32. It can be seen that good wear resistance (rank A) can be obtained.
- flake graphite cast iron is characterized by having a fine graphite structure, has excellent oil retention in a use environment where there is concern about running out of oil, and can improve wear resistance.
- the oil retention is enhanced by the above-described recess 34, so that the wear resistance is improved.
- the fifth embodiment relates to a combination of the type of refrigerating machine oil 11 stored in the sealed case 2a and the type of refrigerant.
- an HFC refrigerant is used as the refrigerant, and POE (polyol ester) or PVE (polyvinyl ether) is used as the refrigerator oil 11.
- the HFC-based refrigerant containing no chlorine has no lubricity, and the lubricity of the sliding part depends only on the refrigerating machine oil 11. For this reason, compared with the case where the refrigerant
- POE polyol ester
- PVE polyvinyl ether
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Abstract
Description
第1実施形態について、図1~図5に基づいて説明する。図1は、第1実施形態に係る冷凍サイクル装置1を示す模式図である。
(実施例1)
ベーン:表面硬化させた基材24上に皮膜29が形成されている(図4のベーン15a及び15b)。
ローラ:モリブデン、ニッケル及びクロムを含む片状黒鉛鋳鉄で形成されている(ローラ14a及び14b)。
(比較例1)
ベーン:高速度鋼[high speed steel](SKH51)で形成されている。
ローラ:モリブデン、ニッケル及びクロムを含む片状黒鉛鋳鉄で形成されている。
(比較例2)
ベーン:高速度鋼(SKH51)で形成されている。
ローラ:片状黒鉛鋳鉄で形成されている(ローラ14a及び14bと同様)。
(比較例3)
ベーン:表面硬化させた基材24上に皮膜29が形成されている(図4のベーン15a及び15bと同様)。
ローラ:片状黒鉛鋳鉄で形成されている。
第2実施形態を、図6及び図7に基づいて説明する。なお、第2実施形態及び以下に説明する他の実施形態において、冷媒圧縮機の基本的構造は第1実施形態の冷媒圧縮機2と同じであるので、それらの基本的構造については、図1~図4を参照して説明する。
第3実施形態を、下記表1に基づいて説明する。本実施形態では、回転軸10の表面に第1層25~第4層28からなる上述した皮膜29が形成されている。
第4実施形態を、表2に基づいて説明する。
第5実施形態について説明する。第5実施形態は、密閉ケース2a内に貯留される冷凍機油11の種類と冷媒の種類との組み合わせに関する。
Claims (5)
- 冷媒圧縮機であって、
冷凍サイクルで使用される冷媒を圧縮する圧縮ユニットと、
前記圧縮ユニットに摺動可能に設けられた、金属材料を基材とするベーンと、
前記基材の表面に第1~4層が順に積層されて形成された皮膜と、
前記圧縮ユニットに回転可能に設けられた、前記ベーンの先端が摺接するローラと、を備え、
前記第1層は、クロムの単一層からなり、
前記第2層は、クロム及びタングステンカーバイトの合金層からなり、
前記第3層は、タングステン及びタングステンカーバイトの少なくとも一方を含有する金属含有アモルファス炭素層からなり、
前記第4層は、金属を含有しない、炭素及び水素を含むアモルファス炭素層からなり、
前記第2層では、クロム含有率が前記第3層側より前記第1層側で高く、かつ、タングステンカーバイトの含有率が前記第1層側より前記第3層側で高く、
前記第3層では、タングステン又はタングステンカーバイトの少なくとも前記一方の含有率が前記第4層側より前記第2層側が高く、
前記ローラは、モリブデン、ニッケル及びクロムを含む片状黒鉛鋳鉄よりなる、
ことを特徴とする冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記圧縮ユニットが、前記ベーン及び前記ローラを収納するシリンダをさらに有しており、
前記シリンダが、片状黒鉛鋳鉄、又は、表面が封孔処理された焼結金属よりなる、ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記圧縮ユニットが、回転可能な回転軸をさらに有しており、
前記回転軸が、金属材料の基材と、該基材上に積層された前記第1~4層からなる前記皮膜とで形成されている、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の冷媒圧縮機。 - 前記圧縮ユニットが、前記ベーンと摺接する軸受をさらに有しており、
前記軸受が、片状黒鉛鋳鉄、又は、表面が封孔処理された焼結金属よりなる、ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷媒圧縮機。 - 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の冷媒圧縮機と、
前記圧縮機に接続され、前記圧縮機で圧縮された冷媒を凝縮する凝縮器と、
前記凝縮器に接続され、前記凝縮器で凝縮された冷媒を膨張させる膨張装置と、
前記膨張装置及び前記圧縮機に接続され、前記膨張装置によって膨張された冷媒を蒸発させた後に前記圧縮機に還流させる蒸発器とを備えたことを特徴とする冷凍サイクル装置。
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CN201080041541.9A CN102549266B (zh) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-08 | 制冷剂压缩机及制冷循环装置 |
JP2011531898A JP5543973B2 (ja) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-08 | 冷媒圧縮機、及び、冷凍サイクル装置 |
US13/496,660 US8899949B2 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-09-08 | Refrigerant compressor and refrigeration cycle apparatus |
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WO2013151043A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
JP2017014990A (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-19 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | ロータリ圧縮機 |
WO2017138175A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-12 | 2017-08-17 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 回転式圧縮機及び冷凍サイクル装置 |
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JP5810221B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-09 | 2015-11-11 | 東芝キヤリア株式会社 | 回転式圧縮機および冷凍サイクル装置 |
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JPWO2011033977A1 (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
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