WO2011021383A1 - 光触媒膜を備えたガラス物品 - Google Patents
光触媒膜を備えたガラス物品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011021383A1 WO2011021383A1 PCT/JP2010/005080 JP2010005080W WO2011021383A1 WO 2011021383 A1 WO2011021383 A1 WO 2011021383A1 JP 2010005080 W JP2010005080 W JP 2010005080W WO 2011021383 A1 WO2011021383 A1 WO 2011021383A1
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide particles
- silicon oxide
- titanium oxide
- film
- glass plate
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 326
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 167
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 56
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 20
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 9
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 silicon alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFLJTEHFZZNCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCOC(=O)C=C GFLJTEHFZZNCTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRNJBCMSTRNIOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanolate silicon(4+) Chemical compound [Si+4].[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C.[O-]C CRNJBCMSTRNIOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005348 self-cleaning glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropan-2-yl silicate Chemical compound CC(C)O[Si](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C ZUEKXCXHTXJYAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/22—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with other inorganic material
- C03C17/23—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
- C09D1/02—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
- C09D5/1612—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09D5/1618—Non-macromolecular compounds inorganic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/40—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer
- C03C2217/42—Coatings comprising at least one inhomogeneous layer consisting of particles only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/71—Photocatalytic coatings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/259—Silicic material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass article provided with a glass plate and a photocatalytic film. More specifically, the present invention relates to an improvement in film strength of a photocatalytic film having a photocatalytic function and a light reflection suppressing function.
- a glass plate using a photocatalytic function of a titanium oxide film is manufactured as a so-called “self-cleaning glass” and is commercially available.
- the photocatalytic function of the titanium oxide film decomposes the organic matter adhering to the surface of the glass plate to weaken the adhesion of the organic matter, and enables the organic matter to be washed with rainwater or the like.
- the refractive index of titanium oxide (about 2.5 for anatase type) is higher than the refractive index of glass, the light reflectance of the glass plate increases when a titanium oxide film is formed on the surface of the glass plate.
- the photocatalyst film which can suppress the increase in a light reflectivity is considered in consideration of the use in the use (for example, a solar cell, a greenhouse) where the increase in a light reflectivity is not especially desirable.
- This photocatalytic film is obtained by reducing the refractive index of the film by including silicon oxide particles having a refractive index smaller than that of titanium oxide together with the titanium oxide particles.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a photocatalytic film 11 composed of submicron-sized silicon oxide particles 16 to which nano-sized titanium oxide particles 15 are attached, as shown in FIG. (Claim 1; FIG. 1).
- the photocatalytic film 11 has a reflection suppressing function and an amphipathic property (realization of a low contact angle with respect to both water and liquid paraffin) in addition to the original photocatalytic function.
- the amphipathic property of the photocatalytic film 11 is brought about by an increase in the surface roughness of the silicon oxide particles 16 accompanying the adhesion of the titanium oxide particles 15 (paragraphs 0033-0036).
- the electrostatic adhesion method is a method that requires coating of silicon oxide particles and titanium oxide particles in two steps together with the charging operation of the substrate before film formation. When applied to mass production, the production efficiency is low. And an increase in manufacturing cost becomes a problem.
- the photocatalyst film disclosed in Patent Document 1 basically has a structure having no binder, unlike the photocatalyst film formed by the sol-gel method.
- a photocatalytic film lacking a binder interposed between particles or between a particle and a substrate is not practical, especially considering long-term outdoor use, because the film has insufficient strength. .
- the photocatalytic film disclosed in Patent Document 1 has a high production cost and is not suitable for long-term use.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a photocatalyst film containing silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and a binder component.
- This photocatalytic film can be formed by a sol-gel method.
- the binder component is added to the film forming solution at a ratio of less than 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and binder component based on the state of hydrolyzable silicone.
- hydrolyzable silicone remains in the membrane through hydrolysis and polycondensation, it is necessary to note that the amount of binder that actually constitutes the membrane is less than the amount shown based on hydrolyzable silicone. There is.
- the display of 10 parts by mass of hydrolyzable silicone shown in Example 9 (Comparative Example) in Table 2 of Patent Document 2 is based on the state converted to silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), and the binder component in the film This means that the amount of is slightly less than 10 parts by mass.
- the reason why the amount of the binder component is limited in Patent Document 2 is to secure a large number of voids between the particles and to easily guide the gas to be decomposed into the photocatalyst film (paragraph 0013). For this reason, in Patent Document 2, it is preferable that substantially no hydrolyzable silicone is added (paragraph 0026).
- the average particle size of titanium oxide particles is adjusted to 10 nm to 100 nm (Claim 1), and the average particle size of silicon oxide particles (inorganic oxide particles) is adjusted to 10 nm to less than 40 nm (Claim 4). Yes.
- the average particle diameter of a silicon oxide particle will not become 4 times or more of the average particle diameter of a titanium oxide particle.
- a silicon oxide particle having an average particle size smaller than that of titanium oxide particles is selected. If the silicon oxide particles are smaller than the titanium oxide particles, the silicon oxide particles are likely to be interposed between the titanium oxide particles and the substrate, and the erosion of the organic base material by the titanium oxide particles, which should be considered in Patent Document 2. This is convenient for prevention (paragraph 0014).
- the photocatalytic film disclosed in Patent Document 2 is also insufficient in strength because the amount of the binder is small.
- JP 2010-134462 discloses a photocatalytic film made of a titanium dioxide matrix in which silicon oxide particles are embedded in the matrix. This photocatalytic film is formed by a sol-gel method.
- the photocatalyst film disclosed in Patent Document 3 has silicon oxide particles, but does not have titanium dioxide particles.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a photocatalytic film produced using silicon oxide particles having an average sphere diameter of 10 nm to 15 nm and 18 nm to 30 nm in the column of the mode for carrying out the invention (paragraph 0107). , Paragraph 0108). Since the silicon oxide particles are too small, the photocatalytic film disclosed in Patent Document 3 has low wear resistance, and the film strength is not sufficient.
- Patent Document 3 also discloses a photocatalyst film produced using elongated fibrous silicon oxide particles having an average diameter of 10 nm to 15 nm and a length of 30 nm to 150 nm (paragraph 0111).
- the silicon oxide particles may be fibrous.
- the present invention includes a glass plate and a photocatalyst film formed on the surface thereof, and a glass article in which the reflectance of light incident on the glass plate is reduced by the photocatalyst film.
- the object is to improve the film strength of the photocatalyst film, specifically, the abrasion resistance while maintaining the glass article, and to improve the glass article to be suitable for long-term use.
- the present invention is a glass article comprising a glass plate and a photocatalytic film formed on the surface of the glass plate, wherein the reflectance of light incident on the glass plate is reduced by the photocatalytic film,
- the photocatalytic film includes a binder component composed of silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and silicon oxide, The silicon oxide particles are 50 to 82% by mass, the titanium oxide particles are 8 to 40% by mass, and the binder component is 7 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide particles, and the binder component.
- the average particle size of the silicon oxide particles is at least 5 times the average particle size of the titanium oxide particles;
- Some silicon oxide particles contained in the photocatalyst film are protruding silicon oxide particles, Provided is a glass article in which a part of titanium oxide particles contained in the photocatalytic film is interposed between the protruding silicon oxide particles and the glass plate.
- the protruding silicon oxide particles are 1) not in contact with the glass plate, and 2) when there are titanium oxide particles in contact with the silicon oxide particles, than the top of the titanium oxide particles.
- the top is placed at a position farther from the glass plate than the top of the titanium oxide particle closest to the silicon oxide particle.
- 3) refers to silicon oxide particles whose top is exposed on the surface of the photocatalytic film.
- the film strength of the photocatalytic film is improved by adding a predetermined amount or more of the binder component to the total amount of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide particles and the binder component.
- the titanium oxide particles are contained in a predetermined amount or more with respect to the total amount, and the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles is set to the silicon oxide particles. Therefore, the surface area per unit mass of the titanium oxide particles was ensured by making it relatively small.
- the silicon oxide particles are contained in a predetermined amount or more in order to ensure the strength of the film and to exhibit the reflection suppressing function.
- the film structure of the photocatalytic film is also suitable for securing the strength of the film.
- a glass article according to the present invention includes a glass plate 2 and a photocatalytic film 1 formed on the surface thereof.
- the photocatalytic film 1 includes titanium oxide particles 5 and silicon oxide particles 6 and 7. Although not shown, the photocatalyst film 1 also includes a binder component made of silicon oxide. The binder component is present on the surface of the particles or between the particles or at the contact portion between the particles and the substrate, and plays a role of increasing the bonding force between the particles or between the particles and the substrate at the contact portion.
- the particles (titanium oxide particles 5, silicon oxide particles 6 and 7) constituting the photocatalyst film 1 those conventionally used for constituting the photocatalyst film can be used without particular limitation.
- each of the particles 5, 6, and 7 is selected so that the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 is five times or more than the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles 5. If there is a difference in the average particle size to this extent, the titanium oxide particles 5 will have voids in the film, especially the particles 6 and 7 and the glass even if the relatively large silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 are in contact with each other. It is possible to easily enter the gap between the plate 1.
- titanium oxide particles that can enter between these three silicon oxide particles
- the particle size of is about 0.155 times the particle size of the silicon oxide particles (the particle size of the silicon oxide particles is about 6.5 times the particle size of the titanium oxide particles).
- the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 are not closely arranged. Therefore, as a matter of course, it is better if the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 is 6.5 times or more than the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles 5. If it is 5 times or more, the titanium oxide particles 5 can sufficiently enter between the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 and between the particles 6 and 7 and the substrate 2.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 is preferably 10 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 50 nm to 150 nm. If the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 is too large, a desired reflection suppressing function cannot be obtained and the haze ratio (cloudiness value) of the photocatalyst film 1 may be too high. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 is too small, it becomes difficult to ensure a large ratio of the titanium oxide particles 5 to the average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles 5 is preferably 5 nm to 80 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 20 nm. If the average particle size of the titanium oxide particles 5 is too large, it is difficult to make the ratio of the average particle size of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 within a desirable range. If the average particle size of the titanium oxide particles 5 is too large, a large surface area per unit mass of the titanium oxide cannot be secured, and the photocatalytic function may be deteriorated. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter of the titanium oxide particles 5 is too small, the titanium oxide particles may aggregate during preparation of the coating liquid, and a uniform coating liquid may not be obtained.
- the average particle diameter is obtained by observing the photocatalyst film 1 with a magnification of 50,000 to 500,000 times from the direction perpendicular to the surface of the glass plate 2 by SEM. Specifically, for any 50 particles that can observe the entire particle, the longest diameter and the shortest diameter are measured, and the average value is used as the particle diameter of each particle. The particle size.
- the titanium oxide particles 5 and the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 have the same particle size.
- the particle diameters of the titanium oxide particles 5 are described by the measured values based on the observation by the SEM described above, and all of them are preferably in the range of 2 to 100 nm, particularly 5 to 20 nm.
- the particle diameters of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 are described by the measured values based on the above observation, and it is preferable that all of them are in the range of 20 to 250 nm, particularly 50 to 150 nm.
- it is preferable that all of the titanium oxide particles 5 and the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 are substantially spherical.
- substantially spherical is described by the measured values of the longest diameter and the shortest diameter based on the above observation, and the ratio (longest diameter / shortest diameter) is in the range of 1.0 to 1.5. Say. If substantially spherical particles are used, it becomes easy to ensure voids between the particles.
- Some silicon oxide particles 7 (7b) are not in direct contact with the glass plate 2 and are connected to the glass plate 2 through other particles 5 and 6. Further, the silicon oxide particles 7 (7b) are located at a position (upper side in the drawing) where the tops thereof are higher than the titanium oxide particles 5 present around the silicon oxide particles 7 (7b). More specifically, the silicon oxide particle 7 has its top at a position higher than the top of the titanium oxide particle 5 in contact therewith (position away from the glass plate 2), and the top is exposed to the film surface. is doing. Although the silicon oxide particles 7b are not in contact with the titanium oxide particles, the silicon oxide particles 7b have a top portion at a position higher than the top portion of the titanium oxide particles 5b closest thereto.
- these silicon oxide particles 7 (7b) are referred to as “protruding silicon oxide particles”.
- the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 (7b) play a role in resisting stress when stress is applied to the film from the outside.
- the silicon oxide particles 6a shown in FIG. 1 are separated from the glass plate 2, the silicon oxide particles 6a do not correspond to protruding silicon oxide particles because they have a top portion at a position lower than the top portion of the titanium oxide particles 5a in contact therewith.
- the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 are supported by silicon oxide particles 6 that do not correspond to the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 and are fixed to the glass plate 2 via the silicon oxide particles 6.
- a binder component is interposed between the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 and between the silicon oxide particles 6 and the glass plate 2 to reinforce the skeleton (silicon oxide skeleton) of the film composed of these particles 6 and 7. .
- a structure in which the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 are supported by other silicon oxide particles 6 and fixed to the glass plate 2 (more specifically, a path from the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 to the glass plate 2 only through the silicon oxide particles 6
- the structure in which the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 are supported so as to exist is suitable for improving the strength of the film.
- voids in the photocatalytic film 1 also increase. Relatively small titanium oxide particles 5 enter this void.
- many titanium oxide particles 5 exist around the skeleton of the film composed of the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 at positions where it is difficult to directly receive the stress applied to the film from the outside. Part of the titanium oxide particles 5 penetrates into the gap between the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 formed below the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 and the glass plate 2. If the titanium oxide particles 5 are present in the voids where the particles are difficult to enter, it can be said that the titanium oxide particles 5 have sufficiently entered the voids around the silicon oxide skeleton of the film.
- titanium oxide particles 5 enter the gaps between the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 and the glass plate 2, the structure of the photocatalyst film 1 becomes dense as a whole, and resistance to stress applied from the outside increases.
- the fine titanium oxide particles 5 may easily develop their photocatalytic function by agglomeration.
- One method for allowing the titanium oxide particles 5 to enter a large amount of voids and making them more easily aggregated is to add a surfactant to the film forming solution.
- membrane improves by adding surfactant. This is presumably because the addition of the surfactant causes the titanium oxide particles to enter the voids of the film and the film becomes dense as a whole, and unevenness in the reflected color of the film is reduced.
- the titanium oxide particles 5 do not exist at a position higher than the top of the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 (substantially all (for example, 95% or more) of the particles 5 are formed by connecting the tops of the protruding silicon oxide particles 7 to each other. A part of the film is exposed on the film surface in a state of being agglomerated on the silicon oxide particles 6 not corresponding to the protruding silicon oxide particles 7. Since the binder component in the film is limited to a small amount, the titanium oxide particles 5 are agglomerated in a porous state, and particularly in a portion exposed on the film surface, the photocatalytic function is easily exhibited.
- the projecting silicon oxide particles 7 are preferably present in a number of 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more, and more preferably 5 or more when a square region having a side of 500 nm is set on the surface of the glass plate 2. Is more preferable.
- the number of protruding silicon oxide particles 7 in the region can be counted by observing with an SEM.
- silicon oxide is suitable as the binder component of the photocatalytic film 1.
- the binder made of silicon oxide has high affinity with the silicon oxide particles 6 and 7 and the glass plate 2 and is suitable for reinforcing these particles 6 and 7.
- the binder made of silicon oxide has a low refractive index, it is advantageous for the expression of the reflection suppressing function by the photocatalytic film 1.
- a hydrolyzable silicone compound typified by silicon alkoxide is preferably used as its supply source.
- silicon alkoxide include silicon tetramethoxide, silicon tetraethoxide, silicon tetraisopropoxide, etc., but any compound known to be capable of forming silicon oxide by a sol-gel method can be used as a binder supply source. There is no particular restriction on the use of.
- the ratio of the binder component composed of silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, and silicon oxide is 50 to 82% by mass of silicon oxide particles and 8 to 40% by mass of titanium oxide particles with respect to the total amount of these.
- the binder component may be 7 to 20% by mass.
- the total amount of these may be 50 to 82% by mass of silicon oxide particles, 8 to 40% by mass of titanium oxide particles, and 8 to 20% by mass of the binder component.
- the silicon oxide particles are 60 to 82% by mass, the titanium oxide particles are 8 to 25% by mass, and the binder component is 10 to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount.
- the silicon oxide particles are 60 to 80% by mass, the titanium oxide particles are 10 to 25% by mass, and the binder component is 10 to 18% by mass based on the total amount of these.
- the silicon oxide particles are 50 to 57% by mass, the titanium oxide particles are 30 to 40% by mass, and the binder component is 8 to 14% by mass with respect to the total amount. In this case, it is easy to obtain particularly excellent photocatalytic functional properties. Moreover, it is easy to obtain excellent antireflection characteristics.
- the silicon oxide particles are 65 to 75% by mass
- the titanium oxide particles are 13 to 23% by mass
- the binder component is 10 to 16% by mass with respect to the total amount of these. Also in this case, it is easy to obtain a particularly excellent antireflection function characteristic. Also, excellent photocatalytic functional properties are easily obtained.
- the photocatalytic function When there are too many silicon oxide particles, the photocatalytic function is lowered due to the lack of titanium oxide particles, and the film strength is lowered due to the lack of binder components. When there are too few silicon oxide particles, film
- the film thickness of the photocatalyst film 1 is not particularly limited, but may be 20 nm to 500 nm, particularly 50 nm to 250 nm, for example.
- the photocatalytic film 1 can be formed by a sol-gel method using a forming solution (coating solution) containing silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide particles and a binder supply source.
- a forming solution coating solution
- a specific example of the formation of the photocatalytic film 1 by the sol-gel method will be described in the column of the following example.
- the light transmittance and light reflectance of the glass article were measured using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation UV-3100).
- the reflectance was measured by using the surface on which the photocatalyst film was formed as a measurement surface, making light incident on the measurement surface from the normal direction, and introducing directly reflected light with a reflection angle of 8 ° into the integrating sphere.
- the non-measurement surface was colored black by spray coating in order to exclude the reflected light from the non-measurement surface opposite to the measurement surface (the surface on which the photocatalytic film was not formed).
- the transmittance was measured by making light incident on the measurement surface without coloring the non-measurement surface black and introducing the transmitted light into an integrating sphere.
- the wavelength range of 400 to 1200 nm was averaged, and the average transmittance and average reflectance were calculated. Furthermore, the change in average transmittance accompanying the formation of the photocatalytic film was calculated. Specifically, the average transmittance of the glass plate on which no photocatalyst film was formed was measured in the same manner as described above, and the change in the average transmittance accompanying the formation of the photocatalyst film was calculated.
- the Taber abrasion test was conducted by an abrasion test according to JIS R3212. That is, using a commercial Taber abrasion tester (5150 ABRASER manufactured by TABER INDUSTRIES), the CS-10F abrasion wheel was rotated 500 times while being pressed against the photocatalyst film with a force of 2.45N. Before and after this test, the total light transmittance was measured using HZ-1S manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., and the change in the total light transmittance due to the abrasion test was calculated.
- the remaining ratio of the film (the area ratio of the film remaining after the test) is visually confirmed, and the remaining ratio of the film is “A” when 70% or more, “B” when 30% or more and less than 70%, and 30%. Less than “C” was assigned.
- the reciprocating wear test was conducted by a wear test in accordance with EN standard 1096-2: 2001. That is, using a flat abrasion tester (Daiei Scientific Instruments) manufactured to meet the measurement conditions specified in EN-1096-2, pressing the felt rotated at 6 rpm against the surface of the photocatalyst film with 4N force , And reciprocated 500 times at an average speed of 7.2 m / min. After this test, the peeling state of the film was visually confirmed, and the case where there was no peeling of the film was evaluated as “a”, and the case where a part of the film was peeled was evaluated as “b”.
- methylene blue degradation activity evaluation> The methylene blue decomposition activity index was evaluated by a method based on JIS R1703-2. Silicone grease for vacuum was applied to the end face of the ring cell, and the ring cell was fixed to the surface of the photocatalyst film. 35 mL of methylene blue aqueous solution (0.01 mmol / L) was put in the ring cell, the methylene blue aqueous solution was brought into contact with the photocatalyst film, and a cover glass was placed on the cell.
- the region where the ring cell on the surface of the photocatalyst film was fixed was irradiated with ultraviolet rays through a cover glass for 80 minutes. Before and after UV irradiation, 3 mL of the aqueous solution was sampled and the absorbance was measured. Based on the change in absorbance, the methylene blue decomposition activity index (unit: nmol / L ⁇ min) by the photocatalyst film was calculated.
- Example 1 27.6 g of ethylene glycol ethyl ether (manufactured by Sigma Aldrich; organic solvent), tetraethoxysilane (KBE-04 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd .; binder supply source) 1.7 g, colloidal silica fine particle dispersion (PL-manufactured by Fuso Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 7: Solid content concentration 22.9%, primary particle size (average particle size) 75 nm, dispersion medium: water 15.3 g, titanium oxide fine particle dispersion (solid content concentration 20%, primary particle size (average particle size) 10 nm , Dispersion medium: water) 5.0 g, 0.4 g of 1N hydrochloric acid (hydrolysis catalyst) were weighed in a glass container and stirred in an oven maintained at 40 ° C.
- ethylene glycol ethyl ether manufactured by Sigma Aldrich; organic solvent
- tetraethoxysilane KBE-04 manufactured by
- the solid content concentration in this high-concentration solution is 10%, and the mass ratio of the binder component in terms of silicon oxide particles (colloidal silica fine particles), titanium oxide fine particles, and SiO 2 is 70:20:10.
- 245.1 g of isopropyl alcohol, 12.9 g of propylene glycol, and 42.0 g of high-concentration solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution (film forming solution).
- the solid content concentration in this coating solution is 1.4%.
- Example 2 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a coating solution was prepared. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 2, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 70:15:15. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of the glass plate with the photocatalyst film thus obtained. Moreover, the state which observed the formed photocatalyst film
- Example 3 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Subsequently, the coating liquid was prepared using each raw material shown in Table 3. Specifically, 240.8 g of isopropyl alcohol, 12.8 g of propylene glycol, 45.0 g of high-concentration solution, and a surfactant diluted to 10% with isopropyl alcohol (CoatOSil 3505 manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan GK) 1 0.5 g was mixed to prepare a coating solution. Thereafter, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 70:15:15.
- the surfactant is a silicone surfactant. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 4 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 3. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 4, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 55.2: 35: 9.8. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film. Moreover, the state which observed the formed photocatalyst film
- Example 5 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 3. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 5, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 54.4: 34.8: 10.8. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 6 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 3. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 6, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 61.4: 27.8: 10.8. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 7 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 3. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 7, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 51.5: 35.5: 13. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 8 Using each raw material shown in Table 3, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 3. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 3. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 8, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 57.5: 35: 7.5. Table 1 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 9 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 4. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 9, the mass ratio of the binder component converted to silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide fine particles, and SiO 2 is 58:31:11. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 10 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 4. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 10, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 52.5: 38: 9.5. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 11 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 using the raw materials shown in Table 4. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 11, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 51:39:10. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 12 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Then, using each raw material shown in Table 4, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Example 12, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 55:35:10. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Example 1 248.0 g of isopropyl alcohol, 13.1 g of propylene glycol, and 39.0 g of high-concentration solution were mixed to prepare a coating solution. Thereafter, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. .
- the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 85: 10: 5.
- the solid content concentration in the coating solution is 1.3%.
- Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Table 4 shows the amount of each raw material used in producing each of the high concentration solution and the coating solution, the solid content concentration of the high concentration solution, and the solid content concentration of the coating solution.
- Comparative Example 2 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Subsequently, the coating liquid was prepared using each raw material shown in Table 4. Specifically, 247.4 g of isopropyl alcohol, 13.1 g of propylene glycol, 39.0 g of high-concentration solution, and a surfactant diluted to 10% with isopropyl alcohol (CoatOSil 1211 manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan LLC) 0 .6 g was mixed to prepare a coating solution. Thereafter, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the mass ratio of the binder component converted into silicon oxide particles, titanium oxide fine particles, and SiO 2 in Comparative Example 2 is 85: 10: 5, as in Comparative Example 1.
- the solid content concentration in the coating solution is 1.3%.
- the surfactant is a silicone surfactant. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film. Also in Comparative Example 2, since all of the film was detached from the glass plate by the Taber abrasion test (residual rate 0%), the change in light transmittance before and after the test was not measured.
- Comparative Example 3 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and then a coating solution was prepared. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Comparative Example 3, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 85: 5: 10. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Comparative Example 4 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. Subsequently, using each raw material shown in Table 4, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Comparative Example 4, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 70: 0: 30. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- Comparative Example 5 Using each raw material shown in Table 4, a high concentration solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1. Subsequently, using each raw material shown in Table 4, a coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2. The amount of each raw material added was the amount shown in Table 4. Further, a glass plate with a photocatalyst film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. In Comparative Example 5, the mass ratio of the silicon oxide particles, the titanium oxide fine particles, and the binder component converted to SiO 2 is 48.5: 36: 15.5. Table 2 shows the results of evaluation of this glass plate with a photocatalyst film.
- the glass plates with photocatalyst films obtained in Examples 1 to 12 all have a photocatalytic function and a reflection suppressing function.
- the glass plates with photocatalyst films obtained in Examples 1 to 12 have an average reflectance at a wavelength of 400 to 1200 nm of 3.1% or less, and have preferable reflection suppressing functional characteristics. If the average reflectance at a wavelength of 400 to 1200 nm is 2.9% or less, more preferable reflection suppressing functional characteristics are obtained. Further, the glass plates with photocatalyst films obtained in Examples 1 to 12 have a methylene blue decomposition activity index of 3 nmol / L ⁇ min or more, and have excellent photocatalytic functional properties.
- the protruding silicon oxide particles are supported by a plurality of silicon oxide particles and fixed to the glass plate. Further, the titanium oxide particles are aggregated between the silicon oxide particles and between the particles and the substrate, a part of the titanium oxide particles are interposed between the protruding silicon oxide particles and the glass plate, It can also be confirmed that a part of the film is exposed on the film surface in an aggregated state. Since the amount of the binder is small, the titanium oxide particles are aggregated in a porous state in which voids are secured between the particles. Furthermore, substantially all of the titanium oxide particles (95% or more on the number basis) are present below the surface formed by connecting the tops of the protruding silicon oxide particles.
- protruding silicon oxide particles on the outermost surface of the photocatalyst film is considered to be one of the reasons for exhibiting an excellent antireflection function and having high wear resistance.
- titanium oxide particles are not present on the outermost surface of the photocatalyst film, the presence of the titanium oxide particles in the vicinity of the outermost surface is considered to be one of the causes for exhibiting an excellent photocatalytic function.
- Example 2 shows that the change in light transmittance after the Taber abrasion test was slightly reduced by the addition of the surfactant. This is presumably because titanium oxide particles entered the voids of the film due to the addition of the surfactant, and the film became dense as a whole. Moreover, it can also be confirmed from the above comparison that the addition of the surfactant improved the decomposition activity index of methylene blue. When the structure of the membrane was analyzed in more detail to identify the cause, it was confirmed that the portion where the titanium oxide particles were aggregated was increased by the addition of the surfactant. It is considered that the portion where the titanium oxide particles aggregated in a porous state contributed to the decomposition of methylene blue.
- the film thickness of the photocatalyst film is in the range of 100 to 200 nm
- the silicon oxide particles and the titanium oxide particles are substantially spherical
- the average particle diameter is It was also confirmed that the raw material almost coincided with the above-mentioned values.
- a glass article provided with a photocatalytic film with improved film strength can be provided.
- this glass article is useful in many fields, it has a great utility value as a glass article that is expected to be used for a long period of time outdoors, such as a cover glass for solar cells, a glass for greenhouses, and the like.
Abstract
Description
前記光触媒膜が、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン粒子、および酸化ケイ素からなるバインダー成分を含み、
前記酸化ケイ素粒子、前記酸化チタン粒子、および前記バインダー成分の総量に対し、前記酸化ケイ素粒子が50~82質量%、前記酸化チタン粒子が8~40質量%、前記バインダー成分が7~20質量%の範囲で含まれており、
前記酸化ケイ素粒子の平均粒径が前記酸化チタン粒子の平均粒径の5倍以上であり、
前記光触媒膜に含まれる一部の酸化ケイ素粒子が、突出酸化ケイ素粒子であり、
前記光触媒膜に含まれる一部の酸化チタン粒子が、前記突出酸化ケイ素粒子と前記ガラス板との間に介在している、ガラス物品、を提供する。
分光光度計(島津製作所 UV-3100)を用いてガラス物品の光線透過率および光線反射率を測定した。反射率は、光触媒膜を形成した面を測定面とし、測定面に対し法線方向から光を入射させ、反射角8°の直接反射光を積分球に導入して測定した。この際、測定面と反対側の非測定面(光触媒膜を形成していない面)からの反射光を排除するため、非測定面はスプレー塗布により黒色に着色した。透過率は、非測定面を黒色に着色することなく、測定面に光を入射させ、透過光を積分球に導入して測定した。こうして得た透過または反射スペクトルから、波長400~1200nmの範囲を平均化して、平均透過率および平均反射率を算出した。さらに、光触媒膜の形成に伴う平均透過率の変化を算出した。具体的には、光触媒膜を形成していないガラス板についても、上記と同様、平均透過率を測定し、光触媒膜の形成に伴う平均透過率の変化を算出した。
テーバー摩耗試験は、JIS R3212に準拠した摩耗試験によって行った。すなわち、市販のテーバー摩耗試験機(TABER INDUSTRIES社製5150 ABRASER)を用い、CS-10F摩耗輪を2.45Nの力で光触媒膜に押しつけながら、500回転させた。この試験前後にスガ試験機社製HZ-1Sを用いて全光線透過率を測定し、摩耗試験による全光線透過率の変化を算出した。また、膜の残存率(試験後に残存している膜の面積比率)を目視により確認し、膜の残存率が70%以上を「A」、30%以上70%未満を「B」、30%未満を「C」とした。
往復摩耗試験(EN摩耗試験)は、EN規格1096-2:2001に準拠した摩耗試験によって行った。すなわち、EN-1096-2に明記された測定条件に合うように製造された平面摩耗試験機(大栄科学機器製作所)を用い、6rpmで回転させたフェルトを4Nの力で光触媒膜面に押し付けながら、平均速度7.2m/分の速さで500回往復させた。この試験後に膜の剥離状態を目視にて確認し、膜の剥離がない場合を「a」、膜の一部が剥離している場合を「b」として評価した。
光触媒膜の表面における水滴の接触角の紫外線照射による変化を測定した。紫外線照射は、ブラックライト(主波長352nm、1mW/cm2)を20時間照射することにより行った。水滴の接触角はドロップマスター300(協和界面科学製)により測定した。なお、紫外線照射前の膜の表面はエタノールで軽く拭いておいた。
メチレンブルー分解活性指数をJIS R1703-2に準拠した方法で評価した。リングセルの端面に真空用シリコーングリスを塗り、光触媒膜の表面にリングセルを固定した。メチレンブルー水溶液(0.01mmol/L)35mLをリングセル内に入れ、光触媒膜にメチレンブルー水溶液を接触させるとともに、カバーガラスをセルの上に置いた。ブラックライト(主波長352nm、1mW/cm2)を用い、光触媒膜の表面のリングセルを固定した領域に、カバーガラスを通して紫外線を80分間照射した。紫外線照射前後において上記水溶液を3mL採取し、吸光度を測定した。吸光度の変化に基づいて、光触媒膜によるメチレンブルー分解活性指数(単位:nmol/L・min)を算出した。
エチレングリコールエチルエーテル(シグマアルドリッチ製;有機溶媒)27.6g、テトラエトキシシラン(信越化学工業社製KBE-04;バインダー供給源)1.7g、コロイダルシリカ微粒子分散液(扶桑化学工業社製PL-7;固形分濃度22.9%、一次粒子径(平均粒径)75nm、分散媒:水)15.3g、酸化チタン微粒子分散液(固形分濃度20%、一次粒子径(平均粒径)10nm、分散媒:水)5.0g、1N塩酸(加水分解触媒)0.4gをガラス製容器に秤量し、これを40℃に保持したオーブン内で8時間攪拌して、高濃度溶液を得た。この高濃度溶液における固形分濃度は10%であり、酸化ケイ素粒子(コロイダルシリカ微粒子)、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は70:20:10となる。次いで、イソプロピルアルコール245.1g、プロピレングリコール12.9g、高濃度溶液42.0gの割合で混合し、コーティング溶液(膜の形成溶液)を調製した。このコーティング溶液における固形分濃度は1.4%である。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合し、次いでコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例2における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は70:15:15となる。こうして得た光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。また、形成した光触媒膜をSEMで観察した状態を図3として示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いてコーティング液を調合した。具体的には、イソプロピルアルコール240.8g、プロピレングリコール12.8g、高濃度溶液45.0g、イソプロピルアルコールで10%に希釈した界面活性剤(モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・ジャパン合同会社製CoatOSil3505)1.5gを混合してコーティング液を調製し、以降は実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例3における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は70:15:15となる。なお、上記界面活性剤は、シリコーン系界面活性剤である。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例4における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は55.2:35:9.8となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。また、形成した光触媒膜をSEMで観察した状態を図4として示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例5における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は54.4:34.8:10.8となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例6における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は61.4:27.8:10.8となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例7における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は51.5:35.5:13となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。
表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表3に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表3に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例8における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は57.5:35:7.5となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表1に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例9における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は58:31:11となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例10における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は52.5:38:9.5となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例3と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例11における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は51:39:10となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、実施例1と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。実施例12における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は55:35:10となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
エチレングリコールエチルエーテル27.7g、テトラエトキシシラン0.9g、コロイダルシリカ微粒子分散液18.6g、酸化チタン微粒子分散液2.5g、1N塩酸0.4gをガラス製容器に秤量し、これを40℃に保持したオーブン内で8時間攪拌して、高濃度溶液を得た。この高濃度溶液における固形分濃度は10%である。また、各原料の製造元および品番は実施例1に示したとおりである。次いで、イソプロピルアルコール248.0g、プロピレングリコール13.1g、高濃度溶液39.0gの割合で混合し、コーティング溶液を調製し、以降は実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例1における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は85:10:5となる。コーティング溶液における固形分濃度は1.3%である。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。高濃度溶液およびコーティング液のそれぞれを製造する際に用いた各原料の添加量と、高濃度溶液の固形分濃度およびコーティング液の固形分濃度とを表4に示す。なお、比較例1では、テーバー摩耗試験により、膜のすべてがガラス板から脱落したため(残存率0%)、同試験前後の光線透過率の変化は測定しなかった。形成した光触媒膜をSEMで観察した状態を図5として示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いてコーティング液を調合した。具体的には、イソプロピルアルコール247.4g、プロピレングリコール13.1g、高濃度溶液39.0g、イソプロピルアルコールで10%に希釈した界面活性剤(モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・ジャパン合同会社製CoatOSil1211)0.6gを混合してコーティング液を調製し、以降は実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例2における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は、比較例1と同様、85:10:5となる。コーティング溶液における固形分濃度は1.3%である。なお、上記界面活性剤は、シリコーン系界面活性剤である。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。比較例2においても、テーバー摩耗試験により、膜のすべてがガラス板から脱落したため(残存率0%)、同試験前後の光線透過率の変化は測定しなかった。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合し、次いでコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例3における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は85:5:10となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例2と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例4における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は70:0:30となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例1と同様にして高濃度溶液を調合した。次いで、表4に示した各原料を用いて、比較例2と同様にしてコーティング液を調合した。各原料の添加量は表4に示す量とした。さらに実施例1と同様にして、光触媒膜付きガラス板を得た。比較例5における、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン微粒子、およびSiO2に換算したバインダー成分の質量比は48.5:36:15.5となる。この光触媒膜付きガラス板についての評価の結果を表2に示す。
Claims (7)
- ガラス板と前記ガラス板の表面に形成された光触媒膜とを備え、前記光触媒膜により前記ガラス板に入射する光の反射率が低減されたガラス物品であって、
前記光触媒膜が、酸化ケイ素粒子、酸化チタン粒子、および酸化ケイ素からなるバインダー成分を含み、
前記酸化ケイ素粒子、前記酸化チタン粒子、および前記バインダー成分の総量に対し、前記酸化ケイ素粒子が50~82質量%、前記酸化チタン粒子が8~40質量%、前記バインダー成分が7~20質量%の範囲で含まれており、
前記酸化ケイ素粒子の平均粒径が前記酸化チタン粒子の平均粒径の5倍以上であり、
前記光触媒膜に含まれる一部の酸化ケイ素粒子が、突出酸化ケイ素粒子であり、
前記光触媒膜に含まれる一部の酸化チタン粒子が、前記突出酸化ケイ素粒子と前記ガラス板との間に介在している、ガラス物品。
ただし、突出酸化ケイ素粒子とは、1)前記ガラス板に接触しておらず、2)当該酸化ケイ素粒子に接触する酸化チタン粒子がある場合には当該酸化チタン粒子の頂部よりも前記ガラス板から離れた位置に、当該酸化ケイ素粒子に接触する酸化チタン粒子がない場合には当該酸化ケイ素粒子に最も近接した酸化チタン粒子の頂部よりも前記ガラス板から離れた位置に、その頂部を有し、3)その頂部が前記光触媒膜の表面に露出している、酸化ケイ素粒子を指す。 - 前記酸化ケイ素粒子、前記酸化チタン粒子、および前記バインダー成分の総量に対し、前記酸化ケイ素粒子が50~57質量%、前記酸化チタン粒子が30~40質量%、前記バインダー成分が8~14質量%の範囲で含まれている、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記酸化ケイ素粒子、前記酸化チタン粒子、および前記バインダー成分の総量に対し、前記酸化ケイ素粒子が60~82質量%、前記酸化チタン粒子が8~25質量%、前記バインダー成分が10~20質量%の範囲で含まれている、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記酸化ケイ素粒子、前記酸化チタン粒子、および前記バインダー成分の総量に対し、前記酸化ケイ素粒子が65~75質量%、前記酸化チタン粒子が13~23質量%、前記バインダー成分が10~16質量%の範囲で含まれている、請求項3に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記ガラス板の表面に設定した一辺が500nmの正方形の領域において、前記突出酸化ケイ素粒子が4個以上存在する、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記突出酸化ケイ素粒子が、突出酸化ケイ素粒子に該当しない酸化ケイ素粒子を介して前記ガラス板に固定されている、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記光触媒膜に含まれる一部の酸化チタン粒子が、突出酸化ケイ素粒子に該当しない酸化ケイ素粒子上で凝集した状態で前記光触媒膜の表面に露出している、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。
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Cited By (13)
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JP5680537B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
US8541106B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 |
JP5969061B2 (ja) | 2016-08-10 |
KR20120064673A (ko) | 2012-06-19 |
EP2468694A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
CN102471144A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
JPWO2011021383A1 (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
EP2468694A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
CN102471144B (zh) | 2014-11-05 |
US20120148832A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
KR101729802B1 (ko) | 2017-04-24 |
JP2015129081A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
EP2468694B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
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