WO2011018980A1 - 薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011018980A1 WO2011018980A1 PCT/JP2010/063314 JP2010063314W WO2011018980A1 WO 2011018980 A1 WO2011018980 A1 WO 2011018980A1 JP 2010063314 W JP2010063314 W JP 2010063314W WO 2011018980 A1 WO2011018980 A1 WO 2011018980A1
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- film
- lithium
- negative electrode
- secondary battery
- electrode film
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0421—Methods of deposition of the material involving vapour deposition
- H01M4/0428—Chemical vapour deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0472—Vertically superposed cells with vertically disposed plates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thin film lithium secondary battery, and more particularly to a technique that does not alter the metal lithium film of the negative electrode.
- the object to be processed is transferred to the film forming chamber after the negative electrode lithium thin film is deposited in the deposition chamber, and a protective film is formed on the lithium thin film to be processed.
- a processing object is transported from the vapor deposition chamber to the film forming chamber
- the processing target is carried from the vapor deposition chamber into the transport apparatus, and the transport apparatus is transported to the film forming apparatus in dry air.
- the processing target is carried into the film forming apparatus and the processing target is moved in dry air, the surface of the processing target is altered.
- an inert gas such as argon is introduced into the transport device, and the argon gas is removed from the surface of the object to be processed. Attempts have been made not to alter the surface of the object to be treated.
- commercially available argon gas contains residual gases such as moisture and oxygen as impurities, and the moisture in the argon gas reacts with the lithium on the surface of the object to be treated, so that lithium becomes lithium hydroxide or lithium oxide. As a result, the lithium thin film of the negative electrode is altered.
- the present invention was created to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide a method of manufacturing a thin film lithium secondary battery that does not alter the metal lithium film of the negative electrode.
- the present invention provides a substrate, a positive electrode film disposed on the substrate and having a structure in which lithium can be inserted and removed, and disposed on the positive electrode film in contact with the positive electrode film.
- a lithium-containing thin film lithium having an electrolyte membrane in which lithium ions can move and a negative electrode film made of metallic lithium disposed on and in contact with the electrolyte membrane on the electrolyte membrane
- a method for producing a secondary battery comprising: forming a negative electrode film; exposing the negative electrode film to the atmosphere; and subjecting the negative electrode film to a surface treatment gas containing a diluent gas that does not react with metallic lithium and carbon dioxide.
- This is a method for producing a thin film lithium secondary battery in which a surface is brought into contact and a lithium carbonate film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode film. Furthermore, the present invention provides a method in which, after the lithium carbonate film is formed, the substrate is placed in the atmosphere in a state where the substrate is placed in a carrier box filled with one of the dilution gas and the surface treatment gas. It is a manufacturing method of the thin film lithium secondary battery moved in. The present invention is a method for manufacturing a thin film lithium secondary battery, wherein a protective film is formed on the lithium carbonate film after the lithium carbonate film is formed.
- the present invention is the method for producing a thin film lithium secondary battery, wherein the surface treatment gas contains the carbon dioxide at a partial pressure of 0.01% to 4%.
- the present invention includes a substrate, a positive electrode film disposed on the substrate and formed in a structure in which lithium can be inserted and removed, and disposed on the positive electrode film in contact with the positive electrode film, containing lithium ions,
- the present invention is the thin film lithium secondary battery in which the lithium carbonate film is provided on the surface and side surfaces of the negative electrode film.
- a thin film lithium secondary battery can be manufactured without altering the metal lithium film of the negative electrode.
- Reference numeral 90 in FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view of a thin film lithium secondary battery obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention
- reference numeral 90 in FIG. 1 (b) is AA ′ of reference numeral 90 in FIG. 1 (a).
- FIG. The thin film lithium secondary battery 90 includes a substrate 70, a positive electrode current collector film 91, a negative electrode current collector film 94, a positive electrode film 92, a negative electrode film 95, an electrolyte film 93, and a protective film 96. Yes.
- the positive electrode current collector film 91 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 are disposed at spaced positions on the surface of the substrate 70.
- the positive electrode film 92 is disposed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector 91, and the electrolyte film 93 is disposed on the surface of the positive electrode film 92.
- the negative electrode film 95 is disposed on the surface of the electrolyte film 93 and is in contact with and electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector film 94 while being insulated from the positive electrode film 92.
- the negative electrode film 95 has a lithium carbonate film 97, and the lithium carbonate film 97 is formed on the surface and side surfaces of the negative electrode film 95.
- the negative electrode film 95 is a metallic lithium film, and the lithium carbonate film 97 does not alter the metallic lithium film as will be described later.
- the protective film 96 is disposed on the lithium carbonate film 97 so that moisture does not enter the film below the protective film 96.
- the positive electrode current collector film 91 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 are each one of an Al film, a Ti film, and a Pt film here, but the positive electrode current collector film 91 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 are each. May be a conductive film.
- the electrolyte film 93 is a LiPON film here, but may be a polymer film or an inorganic compound film containing lithium ions and having a structure in which lithium ions can move.
- the protective film 96 is a resin film.
- the positive electrode film 92 contains lithium, for example, a LiCoO 2 film, a LiNiO 2 film, a LiMn 2 O 4 film, and the like.
- the LiCoO 2 film is a LiCoO 2 film, but it is possible to insert lithium and desorb the inserted lithium. Any film having a structure may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector film 94 and the positive electrode current collector film 91 are connected to a power source, and a negative voltage is applied to the negative electrode current collector film 94.
- a positive voltage is applied to the positive electrode film 92
- lithium in the positive electrode film 92 is desorbed from the positive electrode film 92, becomes lithium ions, and moves into the electrolyte film 93.
- lithium ions in the electrolyte membrane 93 are deposited as lithium, forming a lithium metal film on the negative electrode film 95.
- the negative electrode current collector film 94 and the positive electrode current collector film are in a state where there is a potential difference between the negative electrode current collector film 94 and the positive electrode current collector film 91.
- 91 is connected by a conductive wire through a load, the metallic lithium of the negative electrode film 95 is eluted as lithium ions into the electrolyte film 93, and the lithium ions in the electrolyte film 93 are inserted into the positive electrode film 92 as lithium. Then, current flows from the positive electrode current collector film 91 to the negative electrode current collector film 94 through the load.
- the thin film lithium secondary battery 90 can be charged and discharged.
- membrane 92 and the protective film 96 of the thin film lithium secondary battery 90 is demonstrated.
- Reference numeral 71 in FIG. 2A is a plan view of the object to be processed after the electrolyte membrane 93 is disposed on the surface of the positive electrode film 92, and the positive electrode current collector film 91 is disposed at a spaced position on the surface of the substrate 70. And the negative electrode current collector film 94 are disposed, and the positive electrode current film 92 is formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector film 91 so that a part of the positive electrode current collector film 91 and the surface of the negative electrode current collector film 94 are exposed.
- the electrolyte membrane 93 is laminated in this order. In this state, the surface of the electrolyte membrane 93 is also exposed.
- Reference numeral 71 in FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′ of the processing object 71 in FIG.
- Reference numeral 50 in FIG. 3 denotes a vapor deposition apparatus used in the present invention.
- the vapor deposition apparatus 50 includes a first vacuum chamber 51 and a preparation / extraction chamber 52.
- the first vacuum chamber 51 and the charging / unloading chamber 52 are connected via a gate valve 53.
- a transfer device 54 is arranged inside the charging / unloading chamber 52, and when a processing object is mounted on the transfer device 54 and the gate valve 53 between the charging / unloading chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51 is opened.
- the processing object can be carried into and out of the first vacuum chamber 51 from the charging / unloading chamber 52.
- the evacuation devices 55 and 56 are connected to the charging / discharging chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51.
- the vacuum evacuation devices 55 and 56 are operated, the inside of the charging / discharging chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51 are respectively connected.
- a vacuum atmosphere can be obtained.
- a gas introduction device 57 is connected to the charging / discharging chamber 52.
- the gas introduction device 57 has a cylinder (not shown) in which the surface treatment gas is stored, and can introduce the surface treatment gas into the charging / unloading chamber 52.
- the surface treatment gas is a mixed gas of argon gas and carbon dioxide.
- a substrate holder 59 is disposed on the ceiling inside the first vacuum chamber 51, and a vapor deposition source 49 in which metallic lithium is disposed is disposed on the bottom surface.
- the vapor deposition source 49 is provided with a heater 48.
- the power source of the heater 48 is activated and the vapor deposition source 49 is heated in the first vacuum chamber 51. From 49, vapor of metallic lithium is released.
- the gate valve 53 between the charging / unloading chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51 is closed, the vacuum exhaust device 56 connected to the first vacuum chamber 51 is operated, and the inside of the first vacuum chamber 51 is evacuated. Keep it.
- the entrance door 58 provided in the preparation / extraction chamber 52 is opened, the processing object 71 is carried into the preparation / extraction chamber 52 from the air or a dry atmosphere, and the entrance door 58 is closed.
- a gate valve between the charging / discharging chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51 is provided. 53 is opened, and the processing object 71 is carried into the first vacuum chamber 51 from the charging / unloading chamber 52 with the vacuum atmosphere maintained.
- the processing object 71 is held by the substrate holder 59 with the surface on which the electrolyte membrane 93 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 are disposed facing the vapor deposition source 49 side.
- a mask 76 having an opening 77 is disposed on the surface of the processing object 71, the periphery of the processing object 71 is covered, and an electrolyte film 93 of the processing object 71 is formed on the bottom surface of the opening 77.
- the metal lithium in the vapor deposition source 49 is evaporated, and the vapor of the metal lithium is evacuated in the vacuum chamber 51.
- the vapor passes through the opening 77 of the mask 76 and reaches the surface of the object 71 to be processed, and a negative electrode film 95 made of a metal lithium film covering the surface and side surfaces of the electrolyte film 93 is formed.
- An electrolyte film 93 is disposed between the negative electrode film 95 and the positive electrode film 92, and the negative electrode film 95 and the positive electrode film 92 are not in contact with each other and are insulated.
- the negative electrode film 95 is also formed on the exposed negative electrode current collector film 94 surface, and the negative electrode film 95 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 are in contact with each other. Therefore, the negative electrode film 95 on the electrolyte membrane 93 is electrically connected to the negative electrode current collector film 94.
- the processing object 71 shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) has a negative electrode film 95 formed on the surface of the electrolyte membrane 93, and the processing object 80 shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). It becomes. 4A is a plan view of the processing object 80, and FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C 'of the processing object 80 in FIG. 4A.
- the inside of the preparation / extraction chamber 52 is evacuated by a vacuum evacuation device 55 to form a vacuum atmosphere.
- the gate valve 53 between the charging / unloading chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51 is opened to convey the processing object 71 into the charging / unloading chamber 52, and between the charging / unloading chamber 52 and the first vacuum chamber 51.
- the evacuation in the charging / unloading chamber 52 is stopped, and the gas introducing device 55 connected to the charging / unloading chamber 52 is operated to supply the surface treatment gas into the charging / unloading chamber 52 in a vacuum atmosphere. Introduce.
- the surface treatment gas is introduced until the pressure in the charging / discharging chamber 52 reaches atmospheric pressure.
- the exposed surface of the negative electrode film 95 of the processing object 80 is in contact with the surface treatment gas without being exposed to moisture-containing air, and the metallic lithium located on the exposed surface of the negative electrode film 95 is carbon dioxide in the surface treatment gas.
- the lithium carbonate film 97 is formed on the surface and side surfaces of the negative electrode film 95 made of a metal lithium film by reacting with lithium carbonate (FIG. 6). In this state, the surface of the lithium carbonate film 97 is exposed. Since the lithium carbonate film 97 does not transmit moisture and oxygen, the moisture and oxygen do not reach the negative electrode film 95 below the lithium carbonate film 97.
- Carbon dioxide in the surface treatment gas is contained at a pressure content of 0.01% or more and 4% or less of the total pressure when the pressure of the treatment gas is the total pressure.
- the processing object 81 was carried into a glove box filled with argon gas not containing moisture without being exposed to the atmosphere, and the door 58 was opened and taken out.
- the lithium carbonate film 97 is formed in the charging / unloading chamber 52.
- the processing object 80 in which the negative electrode film 95 is formed is carried into a glove box filled with a processing gas without being exposed to the atmosphere.
- a lithium carbonate film 97 may be formed in the box.
- the lithium carbonate film 97 is formed on the surface of the negative electrode film 95 made of a metal lithium film, moisture gas does not penetrate into the metal lithium film under the lithium carbonate film 97. Since the hydroxide film is not formed on the metal lithium film, the metal lithium film is not altered. The metallic lithium film undergoes a discoloration reaction due to a combined reaction of oxidation and hydroxylation. However, after the lithium carbonate film 97 is provided, even if it contacts a trace amount of oxygen gas or moisture gas, the composite reaction does not occur, so the discoloration occurs. do not do.
- metal lithium is more likely to be a carbonate than a hydroxide or oxide.
- a lithium carbonate film 97 is formed before the hydroxide film is formed on the surface of the metal lithium film. Therefore, even when gaseous water is contained in the surface treatment gas, the metallic lithium film is not altered by the contained moisture.
- the surface treatment gas is a mixed gas of argon gas and carbon dioxide, but a mixed gas of rare gas other than argon and carbon dioxide can also be used.
- a mixed gas of N 2 gas and carbon dioxide can also be used.
- a surface treatment gas containing a diluent gas that does not react with metallic lithium and a carbon dioxide gas, such as a gas containing one or both of a rare gas and N 2 gas, can be used.
- the formed metal lithium film is not exposed to the atmosphere, and is brought into contact with the surface treatment gas before lithium hydroxide and lithium oxide are formed.
- a carrier box 65 is disposed in the glove box, and a processing object 81 on which a lithium carbonate film 97 is formed is disposed in the carrier box 65 filled with the dilution gas or the surface treatment gas.
- the carrier box 65 is hermetically sealed, and the carrier box 65 is unloaded from the glove box in a state where air does not enter the carrier box 65, and is transported to the film forming apparatus.
- a surface treatment gas is introduced into the charging / unloading chamber 52, whereby the carrier box 65.
- the lithium carbonate film 97 may be formed on the surface of the processing object 81.
- a film forming apparatus is a film forming apparatus, and the film forming apparatus 30 has a second vacuum chamber 31.
- a vacuum evacuation device 35 is connected to the second vacuum chamber 31. When the vacuum evacuation device 35 is operated, the second vacuum chamber 31 can be evacuated to a vacuum atmosphere.
- a substrate holder 32 is disposed on the ceiling of the second vacuum chamber 31, and first and second containers 33 and 34 are disposed on the bottom of the second vacuum chamber 31.
- the first and second containers 33 and 34 are provided with first and second heaters 23 and 24, respectively. Two kinds of chemical substances that can be combined with each other are supplied to the first and second containers 33 and 34, respectively.
- the processing object 81 on which the lithium carbonate film 97 is formed is carried into the second vacuum chamber 31 from the inlet door 36 without being exposed to the atmosphere via a glove box (not shown) and a loading chamber (not shown).
- the inside of the second vacuum chamber 31 is evacuated by the evacuation device 35, holds the processing object 81 on the substrate holder 32, and the exposed surface of the lithium carbonate film 99 of the processing object 81 and the first surface.
- the second containers 33 and 34 are made to face each other.
- a diamine compound such as 1,12 diaminododecane is arranged in the first container 33 and an isocyanate compound such as 1,3 bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane is arranged in the second container 34 to generate respective vapors.
- vapor separately reaches and reacts on the exposed surface of the lithium carbonate film 97 to form a protective film 96 made of a polyurea film on the exposed surface of the lithium carbonate film 97.
- the exposed surface and side surfaces of the lithium carbonate film 97 are covered with a protective film 96.
- the object 81 to be processed has a thin film lithium secondary battery 90 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B by forming a protective film 96 on the lithium carbonate film 97.
- the thin film lithium secondary battery 90 is taken out from the second vacuum chamber 31 to the atmosphere.
- the protective film 96 made of a polyurea film is formed here by vapor deposition polymerization reaction
- the protective film 96 made of a SiO 2 film or SiN film may be formed by a sputtering method, and the protective film 96 is below the protective film 96.
- any film that does not allow moisture in the atmosphere to enter the film to be formed may be used. Note that a part of the positive electrode current collector film 91 and the negative electrode current collector film 94 is exposed by protruding from the protective film 96, and the part can be connected to an external circuit.
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Abstract
Description
従来では、蒸着室から成膜室へ処理対象物を搬送する際は、蒸着室から運搬装置内へ処理対象物を搬入し、運搬装置を乾燥空気中で成膜装置まで運搬し、運搬装置から成膜装置内へ処理対象物を搬入しており、乾燥空気中で処理対象物を移動させるときに、処理対象物の表面が変質している。
しかし市販されているアルゴンガス中には不純物として水分および酸素等の残留ガスが含まれており、アルゴンガス中の水分が処理対象物の表面のリチウムと反応してリチウムが水酸化リチウムや酸化リチウムになり、負極のリチウム薄膜が変質してしまう。
さらに、本発明は、前記炭酸リチウム膜の形成後、前記基板を、前記希釈ガス又は前記表面処理ガスのいずれか一方のガスで充満させたキャリアボックス内に配置した状態で、前記キャリアボックスを大気中で移動させる薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法である。
本発明は、前記炭酸リチウム膜の形成後、前記炭酸リチウム膜上に保護膜を形成する薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法である。
本発明は、前記表面処理ガスには、前記二酸化炭素を0.01%以上4%以下の分圧で含有させる薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法である。
本発明は、基板と、前記基板上に配置され、リチウムが挿入離脱可能な構造に形成された正極膜と、前記正極膜上に前記正極膜と接触して配置され、リチウムイオンを含有し、リチウムイオンが移動可能な電解質膜と、前記電解質膜上に前記電解質膜と接触して配置された金属リチウムから成る負極膜とを有し、充放電可能な薄膜リチウム二次電池であって、前記負極膜上に、前記負極膜と接触して形成された炭酸リチウム膜が配置さた薄膜リチウム二次電池である。
さらに、本発明は、前記炭酸リチウム膜は、前記負極膜の表面と側面に設けられた薄膜リチウム二次電池である。
71、80、81……処理対象物
91……正極集電体膜
92……正極膜
93……電解質膜
94……負極集電体膜
95……負極膜
96……保護膜
97……炭酸リチウム膜
薄膜リチウム二次電池90は基板70と、正極集電体膜91と、負極集電体膜94と、正極膜92と、負極膜95と、電解質膜93と、保護膜96とを有している。
正極膜92は、正極集電体91の表面に配置され、電解質膜93は、正極膜92の表面に配置されている。
負極膜95は、電解質膜93の表面に配置され、正極膜92とは絶縁された状態で負極集電体膜94と接触して電気的に接続されている。
負極膜95は、炭酸リチウム膜97を有し、炭酸リチウム膜97は、負極膜95の表面と側面に形成されている。
保護膜96は、炭酸リチウム膜97上に配置され、水分が保護膜96より下の膜へ侵入しないようにしている。
電解質膜93は、ここではLiPON膜であるが、リチウムイオンを含有し、リチウムイオンが移動できる構造のポリマー膜や無機化合物膜でもよい。ここでは保護膜96は樹脂膜である。
以下では、薄膜リチウム二次電池90の負極膜92と保護膜96の形成について説明する。
図2(b)の符号71は図2(a)の処理対象物71のB-B’線截断断面図である。
第一の真空槽51と仕込取出室52はゲートバルブ53を介して接続されている。ここでは仕込取出室52の内部には搬送装置54が配置されており、搬送装置54に処理対象物を装着させ仕込取出室52と第一の真空槽51との間のゲートバルブ53を開けると仕込取出室52から第一の真空槽51への処理対象物の搬入と搬出を行うことができる。
仕込取出室52に設けられた入口扉58を開けて大気中、又は乾燥雰囲気中から処理対象物71を仕込取出室52内へ搬入し、入口扉58を閉める。
仕込取出室52に接続された真空排気装置55を動作させ、仕込取出室52の内部を真空排気して真空雰囲気にした後、仕込取出室52と第一の真空槽51との間のゲートバルブ53を開けて、真空雰囲気を維持した状態で処理対象物71を仕込取出室52から第一の真空槽51内へ搬入する。
真空槽51内では、処理対象物71の表面に開口77を有するマスク76が配置されており、処理対象物71の周囲が覆われ、開口77の底面には、処理対象物71の電解質膜93の表面と、その周辺の部分と、負極集電体膜94の一部とが露出されており、その状態で蒸着源49内の金属リチウムを蒸発させ、真空槽51内に金属リチウムの蒸気を放出させると、その蒸気はマスク76の開口77を通過して処理対象物71の表面に到達し、電解質膜93の表面と側面とを覆った金属リチウム膜から成る負極膜95が形成される。
この負極膜95と正極膜92の間には電解質膜93が配置されており、負極膜95と正極膜92は接触しておらず、絶縁されている。
また、負極膜95は、露出した負極集電体膜94表面にも形成され、負極膜95と負極集電体膜94とは接触しており、その部分の負極膜95は、電解質膜93上の部分の負極膜95に接続されており、従って、電解質膜93上の部分の負極膜95は、負極集電体膜94に電気的に接続されている。
所定膜厚の金属リチウム膜から成る負極膜95を形成後、蒸着源49の加熱を停止し、蒸着を終了させる。
処理対象物80の負極膜95の露出した面は、水分を含んだ大気と触れることなく表面処理ガスに接触し、負極膜95の露出した面に位置する金属リチウムが表面処理ガス中の二酸化炭素と反応し、炭酸リチウムが生成され金属リチウム膜から成る負極膜95の表面と側面に、炭酸リチウム膜97が形成される(図6)。この状態では、炭酸リチウム膜97は、表面が露出している。
炭酸リチウム膜97は水分や酸素を透過させないので、炭酸リチウム膜97の下の負極膜95には水分や酸素が到達しないようになる。
表面処理ガス中の二酸化炭素は、処理ガスの圧力を全圧とすると全圧の0.01%以上4%以下の圧力の含有量で含有されている。
ここでは、仕込取出室52内で炭酸リチウム膜97を形成したが、大気に曝さずに、処理ガスが充満されたグローブボックス内に負極膜95が形成された処理対象物80を搬入し、グローブボックス内で炭酸リチウム膜97を形成してもよい。
金属リチウム膜は、酸化と水酸化の複合反応によって変色反応を起こすが、炭酸リチウム膜97を設けた後は、微量な酸素ガスや水分ガスに接触しても、複合反応を起こさないので、変色しない。
グローブボックス内には、キャリアボックス65が配置されており、上記希釈ガスや、上記表面処理ガスで充満されたキャリアボックス65内に、炭酸リチウム膜97が形成された処理対象物81を配置し、キャリアボックス65を気密に封止し、キャリアボックス65内に大気が侵入しない状態でグローブボックスから搬出し、成膜装置へ運搬する。仕込取出室52内が真空雰囲気のときに、処理対象物81を、仕込取出室52内のキャリアボックス65に配置した後、仕込取出室52内に表面処理ガスを導入することで、キャリアボックス65内で処理対象物81の表面に炭酸リチウム膜97を形成しても良い。
炭酸リチウム膜97が形成された処理対象物81は、不図示のグローブボックスと、不図示の搬入室を介して、入口扉36から第二の真空槽31内に大気に曝さられずに搬入される。
ここでは第一の容器33に1,12ジアミノドデカンなどのジアミン化合物を配置し、第二の容器34に1,3ビス(イソシアネートメチル)シクロヘキサンなどのイソシアネート化合物を配置して、それぞれの蒸気を発生させ、炭酸リチウム膜97の露出した表面上で蒸気を別々に到達させ反応させてポリウレア膜から成る保護膜96を炭酸リチウム膜97の露出した表面上に形成する。炭酸リチウム膜97の露出した表面と側面は保護膜96に覆われる。
ここでは蒸着重合反応によりポリウレア膜からなる保護膜96を形成したが、スパッタリング法によってSiO2膜やSiN膜から成る保護膜96を形成してもよく、保護膜96は、保護膜96より下に形成される膜に大気中の水分を侵入させない膜であればよい。
なお、正極集電体膜91と負極集電体膜94は、一部が保護膜96からはみ出して露出されており、その部分が外部回路に接続できるようになっている。
Claims (6)
- 基板と、
前記基板上に配置され、リチウムが挿入離脱可能な構造に形成された正極膜と、
前記正極膜上に前記正極膜と接触して配置され、リチウムイオンを含有し、リチウムイオンが移動可能な電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜上に前記電解質膜と接触して配置された金属リチウムから成る負極膜とを有し、
充放電可能な薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法であって、
前記負極膜を形成後、前記負極膜を大気に曝さずに、金属リチウムと反応しない希釈ガスと、二酸化炭素とを含有する表面処理ガスに前記負極膜の表面を接触させ、前記負極膜の表面に炭酸リチウム膜を形成する薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記炭酸リチウム膜の形成後、前記基板を、前記希釈ガス又は前記表面処理ガスのいずれか一方のガスで充満させたキャリアボックス内に配置した状態で、前記キャリアボックスを大気中で移動させる請求項1記載の薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記炭酸リチウム膜の形成後、前記炭酸リチウム膜上に保護膜を形成する請求項1記載の薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記表面処理ガスには、前記二酸化炭素を0.01%以上4%以下の分圧で含有させる請求項1記載の薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 基板と、
前記基板上に配置され、リチウムが挿入離脱可能な構造に形成された正極膜と、
前記正極膜上に前記正極膜と接触して配置され、リチウムイオンを含有し、リチウムイオンが移動可能な電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜上に前記電解質膜と接触して配置された金属リチウムから成る負極膜とを有し、充放電可能な薄膜リチウム二次電池であって、
前記負極膜上に、前記負極膜と接触して形成された炭酸リチウム膜が配置された薄膜リチウム二次電池。 - 前記炭酸リチウム膜は、前記負極膜の表面と側面に設けられた請求項5記載の薄膜リチウム二次電池。
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JP2011526724A JP5461561B2 (ja) | 2009-08-10 | 2010-08-05 | 薄膜リチウム二次電池の製造方法、薄膜リチウム二次電池 |
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JP2014072009A (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 全固体二次電池 |
WO2018193993A1 (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-10-25 | 株式会社アルバック | 成膜装置及び成膜方法 |
JP6547089B1 (ja) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-07-17 | 株式会社アルバック | 薄膜形成方法、薄膜形成装置及びリチウム電池 |
WO2019156005A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-15 | 株式会社アルバック | 薄膜形成方法、薄膜形成装置及びリチウム電池 |
JP2019522879A (ja) * | 2016-06-21 | 2019-08-15 | アプライド マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッドApplied Materials,Incorporated | 改善されたリチウム金属サイクリングのための中間相層 |
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WO2023189710A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 負極およびその製造方法、ならびに電池 |
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