WO2011010605A1 - マイクロニードルアレイ - Google Patents
マイクロニードルアレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011010605A1 WO2011010605A1 PCT/JP2010/062008 JP2010062008W WO2011010605A1 WO 2011010605 A1 WO2011010605 A1 WO 2011010605A1 JP 2010062008 W JP2010062008 W JP 2010062008W WO 2011010605 A1 WO2011010605 A1 WO 2011010605A1
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- Prior art keywords
- microneedle
- polylactic acid
- microneedle array
- average molecular
- molecular weight
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0021—Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/14—Devices for taking samples of blood ; Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration within the blood, pH-value of blood
- A61B5/1405—Devices for taking blood samples
- A61B5/1411—Devices for taking blood samples by percutaneous method, e.g. by lancet
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150015—Source of blood
- A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150274—Manufacture or production processes or steps for blood sampling devices
- A61B5/150282—Manufacture or production processes or steps for blood sampling devices for piercing elements, e.g. blade, lancet, canula, needle
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
- A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
- A61B5/150412—Pointed piercing elements, e.g. needles, lancets for piercing the skin
- A61B5/150427—Specific tip design, e.g. for improved penetration characteristics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
- A61B5/150381—Design of piercing elements
- A61B5/150503—Single-ended needles
- A61B5/150511—Details of construction of shaft
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150969—Low-profile devices which resemble patches or plasters, e.g. also allowing collection of blood samples for testing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150977—Arrays of piercing elements for simultaneous piercing
- A61B5/150984—Microneedles or microblades
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
- A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0046—Solid microneedles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0053—Methods for producing microneedles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a microneedle array provided with one or a plurality of microneedles capable of perforating skin on a substrate, such as administration of a pharmaceutical product to a living body or suction extraction of blood from a living body.
- a microneedle array is known as a device for improving transdermal absorption of a drug.
- the microneedles provided in the microneedle array are intended to puncture the stratum corneum, which is the outermost layer of the skin, and various sizes and shapes have been proposed, and are expected as non-invasive administration methods (for example, patents) Reference 1).
- Patent Document 3 states that in a drug transdermal pad base, a fine needle standing on the side of the skin is made of a biodegradable resin, so that the tip of the fine needle is missing and remains in the skin.
- microneedles made of biodegradable resin are decomposed in vivo and have almost no adverse effect on the living body.
- biodegradable resins include polylactic acid, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succin Nate adipate, polybutylene succinate carbonate, polycaprolactone, polyester amide, polyester carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxybutyrate, mantriose, cellulose, cellulose acetate, collagen, and mixtures thereof are recommended, especially polylactic acid, Or a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. It has been described.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a pulverization having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 40,000 in a drug release system capable of selecting any one of controlled biphasic release, sustained release, and delayed release. However, there is no description of a microneedle array that can perforate the skin.
- microneedle array When a microneedle array is manufactured from a biodegradable resin, a process of heating and softening to deform it into a desired shape and a sterilization operation such as electron beam irradiation treatment are required.
- a sterilization operation such as electron beam irradiation treatment.
- the microneedles that should originally perforate the skin cannot perform its function due to the strength of the part of the), or the substrate of the microneedle array breaks during use and cannot perform its function, or the difficulty of manufacturing There was a point.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a macroneedle array that maintains the functional performance of the microneedle array and is easy to manufacture.
- the present invention is a microneedle array provided with microneedles containing amorphous polylactic acid.
- the crystallinity of the polylactic acid is preferably 38% or less.
- the microneedle is transparent or translucent.
- the polylactic acid has a weight average molecular weight of 40,000 to 100,000.
- the polylactic acid is poly L-lactic acid.
- this microneedle array is preferably sterilized by electron beam or gamma ray irradiation.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view schematically showing a microneedle array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing a result of measuring the content of a drug remaining on a microneedle substrate with a GM measuring instrument after puncturing the coated microneedle device for 5 seconds by pushing a finger into a human-extracted skin according to Example 3; It is.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring the change in weight average molecular weight by gel filtration chromatography according to Example 4.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing experimental results for evaluating the adsorption of the drug (bioactive component) in the coating composition on the microneedle substrate according to Example 5.
- the microneedle array 1 includes a microneedle (needle) 3 that is punctured into the skin or mucous membrane and a microneedle substrate 5 that supports the microneedle 3. It is arranged.
- the microneedle 3 has a fine structure, and the height (length) h of the microneedle 3 is preferably 50 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
- the length h of the microneedle 3 is set to 50 ⁇ m or more in order to ensure administration of the physiologically active ingredient through the skin, and the length h is set to 700 ⁇ m or less to avoid contact between the nerve and the microneedle 3. This is because the possibility of pain can be surely reduced and at the same time the possibility of bleeding can be surely avoided.
- the length h is 700 ⁇ m or less, the amount of the physiologically active ingredient that enters the skin can be efficiently administered.
- the microneedle 3 is a convex structure and means a needle shape in a broad sense or a structure including a needle shape.
- the diameter d at the base is usually about 50 to 200 ⁇ m. It is.
- the microneedle 3 is not limited to a narrow needle shape having a sharp tip, and microscopically includes a shape having no sharp tip.
- the microneedle 3 is made of polylactic acid, which is a biodegradable resin. In some cases, a bioactive component is mixed into the resin, so that the microneedle 3 can be dissolved in the body. At the same time, the physiologically active ingredient can be released into the body.
- the tip 3a of the microneedle 3 may be microscopically flat, rounded, or uneven, but considering that it is punctured into the skin or mucous membrane, preferably the area where the tip 3a is assumed to be flat (assuming area) is 1600 .mu.m 2 or less, more preferably 400 [mu] m 2 or less.
- the assumed area when the tip 3a is microscopically rounded or uneven is defined as a cross-sectional area when the tip 3a is cut along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the microneedle 3. Means.
- the tip angle (tilt angle) ⁇ is easily broken when it is 15 degrees or less, and when it is 25 degrees or more, it is difficult to puncture the skin or mucous membrane. 15 degrees to 25 degrees is preferable.
- the polylactic acid contained in the microneedle 3 according to the present embodiment is amorphous.
- the microneedle 3 containing amorphous polylactic acid is excellent in mechanical properties and is deformed by pressing but hardly broken.
- a microneedle containing polylactic acid having a high degree of crystallinity easily breaks when a certain force is applied. For this reason, the amorphous microneedle array 1 can make it difficult for fragments of the microneedle array 1 damaged during use to remain in the body.
- amorphous polylactic acid has no deterioration in the strength of the microneedle 3 over time, and has better storage stability.
- the microneedle array 1 provided with the microneedles 3 containing amorphous polylactic acid can realize the microneedle array 1 having excellent mechanical properties and good storage stability. Furthermore, as will be described later, when the microneedles 3 are made using high-purity polylactic acid, it is determined whether or not the microneedle array 1 contains amorphous polylactic acid, that is, microstable with good storage stability. It becomes easy to visually evaluate whether or not the needle array 1 is used, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of quality control.
- amorphous polylactic acid is polylactic acid having a crystallinity of 38% or less.
- the crystallinity of polylactic acid can be determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). Sampling microneedles and determining the crystallization enthalpy and melting enthalpy from the heat capacity due to the exothermic peak at the crystallization temperature (around 100 ° C) and the heat capacity due to the endothermic peak at the melting point (around 180 ° C) in the temperature rising mode.
- the crystallinity of polylactic acid can be controlled by the following method to make microneedles containing amorphous polylactic acid.
- the microneedle array can be obtained by preparing a duplicate plate in which the shape of the microneedle array is inverted, filling a fine pattern portion of the duplicate plate with heat-melted polylactic acid, cooling and peeling off.
- the degree of crystallization can be controlled by the cooling rate of the heated and melted polylactic acid or the time of heating to the crystallization temperature after cooling.
- a microneedle containing amorphous polylactic acid having a low crystallinity can be formed by increasing the cooling rate of the heated and melted polylactic acid and rapidly cooling it.
- the cooling rate of the heated and melted polylactic acid is slowed down or when it is kept warm to the crystallization temperature after cooling, the crystallinity of the polylactic acid contained in the microneedles is To rise.
- polylactic acid used for microneedles polylactic acid having a polylactic acid purity of 95.0 wt% or more, a monomer residual amount of 5 wt% or less, and a residual Sn amount of 200 ppm or less is usually used.
- polylactic acid used for the microneedle high-purity polylactic acid having a polylactic acid purity of 98.7 wt% or more, a residual monomer content of 2 wt% or less, and a residual Sn content of 50 ppm or less is used. It is preferable.
- Whether or not is amorphous can be determined by the cloudiness of the microneedle array.
- the microneedle polylactic acid is amorphous, the microneedle array is transparent or translucent.
- transparent or translucent means that when a color difference with respect to a color difference reference color (black) is measured using a color difference meter (CR-200, manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) using the lightness index value L * as an index, The lightness index value L * is 60 or less.
- a transparent or translucent microneedle having a lightness index value L * of 60 or less may be a microneedle containing amorphous polylactic acid.
- Polylactic acid includes polylactic acid homopolymers such as poly-L-lactic acid and poly-D-lactic acid, poly-L / D-lactic acid copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Any of these may be used. Good. In general, when microneedles are formed using poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid homopolymers respectively and subjected to crystallization treatment, the polylactic acid has a high degree of crystallinity of polylactic acid. On the other hand, when microneedles are formed using a poly L / D-lactic acid copolymer, amorphous microneedles with low crystallinity of polylactic acid can be obtained.
- microneedle array 1 it is preferable from the viewpoint of safety to produce the amorphous microneedle array 1 using poly-L-lactic acid.
- additives such as a plasticizer, an antiblocking agent, a lubricant, an antistatic agent, and a heat stabilizer can be appropriately added to the polylactic acid.
- Polylactic acid resin tends to increase in strength as its weight average molecular weight increases.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid of the microneedle 3 according to this embodiment needs to be 40,000 or more from the viewpoint of strength. When the weight average molecular weight is less than 40,000, the strength of the microneedles 3 is weakened and the puncture property to the skin is lowered, which is not preferable, and the yield during the production of the microneedle needles 3 tends to be low. .
- the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid of the microneedle 3 is 100,000 or less. If it is 100,000 or less, the puncture property of the microneedle 3 to the skin is sufficient, and further, even when the needle tip remains in the body, it is preferable because it rapidly biodegrades. On the other hand, in producing microneedles having a polylactic acid having a weight average molecular weight exceeding 100,000, the melt viscosity of polylactic acid becomes too high, making it difficult to process the microneedles 3, resulting in poor yield.
- the sterilization operation can be performed by a generally known method
- the sterilization of the microneedle array 1 is preferably performed by electron beam irradiation or gamma ray irradiation.
- the measurement of the electron beam irradiation dose is performed on the upper and lower sides of the irradiated sample and on a support material (for example, “cardboard”) to confirm that the sample is irradiated with the planned dose (the irradiation environment has a temperature of 15 degrees and humidity of 15 % Below).
- cobalt 60 gamma rays can be irradiated according to a designated dose of 5 to 100 kGy.
- heat sterilization or EOG (ethylene oxide gas) sterilization can be used in addition to sterilization by electron beam irradiation or gamma ray irradiation. Then there is concern about the drug remaining. Sterilization by electron beam irradiation or gamma ray irradiation is preferably used because there is no such concern.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid constituting the microneedle array 1 according to the present embodiment decreases during production and sterilization. Therefore, in order to optimize the strength and performance of the microneedle array 1, the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid after the production of the microneedle array 1 needs to be 40,000 to 100,000.
- a weight average molecular weight of 40,000 or more is necessary to maintain the intensity even after electron beam irradiation. Therefore, before electron beam irradiation, a weight average molecular weight of at least 40,000 or more is required.
- the weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or more is necessary in terms of strength after electron beam irradiation, at least 50,000 or more is required as the weight average molecular weight before electron beam irradiation.
- the weight average molecular weight after electron beam irradiation is 40,000 or more, it can be used without impairing the performance of the microneedle 3, but preferably the weight average molecular weight after electron beam irradiation is 50,000 or more.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) obtained by dividing the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by the number average molecular weight (Mn) in consideration of the preferred range of the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid constituting the microneedle array 1 is 2. It is preferably 75 or less, more preferably 1.43 to 1.72 (see Tables 1 and 6).
- the microneedle substrate 5 is a base for supporting the microneedle 3, and the form thereof is not limited.
- the microneedle substrate 5 may be a substrate having a through-hole, and thereby the physiological activity from the back surface of the substrate. Allows administration of ingredients.
- the material of the microneedle 3 or the microneedle substrate 5 include silicon, silicon dioxide, ceramic, metal (stainless steel, titanium, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, etc.) and synthetic or natural resin materials.
- biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycolide, polylactic acid-co-polyglycolide, pullulan, caprolactone, polyurethane, polyanhydride, etc., and polycarbonate which is a non-degradable polymer Synthetic or natural resin materials such as polymethacrylic acid, ethylene vinyl acetate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyoxymethylene are particularly preferred.
- the substrate may be integrated with the microneedle 3, and in that case, the substrate is the same as the resin material of the previous microneedle 3.
- the area of the microneedle substrate 5 is 0.5 cm 2 to 10 cm 2 , preferably 1 cm 2 to 5 cm 2 , more preferably 1 cm 2 to 3 cm 2 .
- substrate 5 can also be connected so that it may become a favorite magnitude
- the density of the microneedles (needles) 3 is typically spaced between the rows so that the rows of needles provide a density of about 1 to 10 per millimeter (mm). In general, the rows are separated by a substantially equal distance with respect to the space of the needles in the row and have a needle density of 100 to 10,000 per cm 2 . If there is a needle density of 100 or more, the skin can be efficiently pierced, and if the needle density exceeds 10,000, it is difficult to give the microneedles 3 the strength capable of piercing the skin.
- the density of the microneedles (needles) 3 is preferably 200 to 5000, more preferably 300 to 2000, and most preferably 400 to 1600 per 1 cm 2 . When the number exceeds 1,600, for example, when the microneedle array original plate is manufactured by precision machining such as dry etching, laser processing, or dicing, the manufacturing tends to be difficult.
- Microneedle array masters can be manufactured by wet etching or dry etching using a silicon substrate, precision machining using metal or resin (electric discharge machining, laser machining, dicing, hot embossing, injection molding, etc.) And machine cutting and the like.
- the microneedles that are needles in the microneedle array original plate and the microneedle substrate that supports the microneedles are integrally molded.
- As a method for hollowing out the microneedle which is a needle there is a method of performing secondary processing by laser processing or the like after the microneedle is manufactured.
- the microneedle array is manufactured by producing a replica plate with the microneedle shape reversed from the microneedle array master, filling the fine pattern portion of the replica plate with heat-melted polylactic acid, and cooling. It can be manufactured by peeling. At this time, the microneedle which is a needle and the microneedle substrate which supports the needle are molded integrally. In particular, in order to obtain amorphous microneedles, it is desirable to rapidly cool to 30 ° C./min or more in the cooling step.
- a duplicate plate in which the shape of the microneedle array 1 is inverted can be produced by any method.
- the coating agent can be coated on microneedles and / or a substrate by containing a physiologically active ingredient in purified water and / or a coating carrier, and examples of the coating carrier include polyethylene oxide, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl.
- the coating carrier include polyethylene oxide, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl.
- the height (length) h of the microneedle 3 is preferably 50 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m as described above. In the case of the coating of the microneedle 3, the height varies depending on the height h of the microneedle 3, but can be in the range of 0 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m and is usually in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m. Degree.
- the coated coating agent is fixed by being dried after application.
- the liquid composition used to coat the microneedles 3 comprises mixing a biocompatible carrier, a beneficial bioactive ingredient to be delivered, and optionally any coating aids with a volatile liquid.
- a volatile liquid can be water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, mixtures thereof, and the like. Of these, water is most preferred.
- Liquid coatings or suspensions can typically have a beneficial bioactive ingredient concentration of 0.1 to 65% by weight, preferably 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably 3 to 20%. % By weight.
- the coating is particularly preferably in a fixed state.
- formulation aids may be added to the coating as long as they do not deleteriously affect the required solubility and viscosity characteristics of the coating and the properties and physical properties of the dried coating.
- the physiologically active ingredient (drug) used in this embodiment may be a peptide, protein, DNA, RNA or the like, but is not particularly limited.
- vaccines include Japanese encephalitis vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, Alzheimer's disease vaccine, arteriosclerosis vaccine, cancer vaccine, nicotine vaccine, diphtheria vaccine, tetanus vaccine, pertussis vaccine, Lyme disease vaccine, rabies vaccine, pneumococcus pneumoniae Vaccines, yellow fever vaccines, cholera vaccines, seed urticaria vaccines, tuberculosis vaccines, rubella vaccines, measles vaccines, mumps vaccines, botulinum vaccines, herpes virus vaccines, other DNA vaccines, hepatitis B vaccines and the like.
- the administration method of the microneedle array 1 is not particularly limited, and an administration device or an auxiliary instrument for fixing may be used.
- the administration time according to the above method is not so long, but it is several seconds to several minutes at most, and in some cases, there may be an instantaneous administration of less than 1 second. However, it is also possible to continue to administer the active ingredient after fixing to the skin.
- the drugs may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and naturally, any form of an inorganic salt or an organic salt is included as long as it is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
- the drug is basically included in the coating carrier. However, the drug is not included in the coating carrier and is supplied separately from a through-hole (opening) formed in the microneedle substrate 5 later. You can also.
- Example 1 Manufacture of microneedle arrays with different weight average molecular weights
- Example 1 microneedle arrays of Samples 1 to 6 made of poly-L-lactic acid resins having different weight average molecular weights were produced. Table 1 shows the weight average molecular weight of each sample 1 to 6 and the characteristics of the microneedles.
- Microneedle shape square pyramid ⁇
- Microneedle density 625 / cm 2
- Characteristics Amorphous-Area: 1 cm 2
- the weight average molecular weight of each sample 1 to 6 was measured by gel filtration chromatography (hereinafter referred to as “GPC method”).
- Example 2 a test for measuring the strength of the microneedle was performed.
- a microneedle substrate breaking strength test was performed with reference to a JIS standard test (K7116).
- the microneedle substrate was placed on a dedicated fixing jig, and a load was continuously applied from above, and the time until the test piece was broken and the maximum load at the time of breaking were measured.
- Microneedle breakage was performed by a dedicated rod attached to the apparatus, and the value of the maximum load applied when the microneedle substrate broke from the center and the thickness result including the microneedle needle and substrate were used.
- the weight average molecular weight of the poly-L-lactic acid resin and the maximum load value tended to correlate. From these results, it was shown that the strength of the microneedles and the weight average molecular weight are correlated.
- a strength test of polylactic acid microneedles using human isolated skin was performed.
- the human isolated skin was adjusted to a thickness of about 700 ⁇ m with an electric dermatome and fixed on a cork board.
- the microneedle substrate was placed on the skin, and the microneedle substrate was pressed with a finger for 5 seconds from the back of the substrate so as to be 3 kgf / patch.
- the microneedles after skin puncture were measured for the outermost peripheral damage rate using a microscope (Keyence) in order to measure needle breakage (breaking, bending) (Table 3).
- Keyence Keyence
- needle breakage breaking, bending
- Example 3 In Example 3, a drug delivery test (human excised skin puncture test) using human isolated skin was performed with the same group configuration as the microneedle substrate breaking strength test.
- As the drug radiolabeled 14C-OVA and Cold OVA were used to prepare a mixed solution with pullulan.
- the composition of the coating solution was (30% pullulan / 20% OVA), and the tip of the needle was coated to a height of 100 ⁇ m.
- the microneedle array was coated with a metal mask (standard: caliber side 220 ⁇ m, thickness 100 ⁇ m, room temperature humidification 85% or more).
- Example 4 (Reduction of weight average molecular weight of polylactic acid by electron beam irradiation)
- a sample of poly-L-lactic acid resin (weight average molecular weight of about 15,000 to 140,000) having a different weight average molecular weight was irradiated with an electron beam, and the weight average of polylactic acid was irradiated by the electron beam irradiation.
- An experiment was conducted to measure the decrease in molecular weight.
- the initial weight average molecular weight of the sample 7 (refer FIG. 3) which is a microneedle array is 130,000.
- Sample 8 has an initial weight average molecular weight of 90,000.
- Sample 9 has an initial weight average molecular weight of 130,000.
- the purity of polylactic acid in the microneedle of sample 7 is 96.5 wt%, the residual monomer amount is 2.1 wt%, and the residual Sn amount is 99 ppm or less. Further, the purity of polylactic acid in the microneedle array of Samples 8 and 9 is 96.5 wt%, the residual monomer amount is 0.2 wt%, and the residual Sn amount is 30 ppm or less.
- microneedle molding was performed and 40 kGy electron beam irradiation was performed, and then the weight average molecular weight of the poly-L-lactic acid resin was measured.
- the weight average molecular weight was measured before molding (pellet shape), after microneedle molding, and after electron beam irradiation, and the weight average molecular weight at each stage was measured by gel filtration chromatography (hereinafter referred to as GPC) as in Example 1. Method).
- GPC gel filtration chromatography
- the sterilization methods were compared by both the electron beam sterilization method and the gamma ray sterilization method among the radiation sterilization methods (see Table 4). Table 4 shows the experimental results for Sample 7.
- the weight average molecular weight is reduced to about 60% to 90% before forming in the process (heating & cooling) for forming the raw powder of pellets into microneedles.
- the weight average molecular weight tended to decrease further depending on the irradiation dose.
- the electron beam irradiation method tended to have a lower decrease in the weight average molecular weight.
- Sample 7 and Sample 9 having the same initial weight average molecular weight were compared, Sample 9 having a higher purity showed a tendency to suppress a decrease in the weight average molecular weight.
- the measurement conditions and method for the weight average molecular weight are the same as in Example 1.
- the measurement of the electron beam irradiation dose is carried out on the upper and lower sides of the irradiated sample and on a support material (for example, “cardboard”), and it is confirmed that the sample is irradiated with the planned dose (irradiation environment has a temperature of 15 degrees and humidity of 15 % Down).
- a support material for example, “cardboard”
- cobalt 60 gamma rays were irradiated according to a specified dose of 5 to 100 kGy, and it was confirmed by actual measurement that the irradiation was performed according to the specified dose.
- Example 5 an L-polylactic acid substrate (area about 1 cm 2 ) having a weight average molecular weight of about 80,000 was used to evaluate the adsorption of the drug (bioactive component) in the coating composition to the microneedle substrate.
- 30 ⁇ L of a solution containing a model protein having a weight average molecular weight of about 35,000 and a 125 I label of the model protein was dropped on a polylactic acid substrate (amorphous and crystalline), dried at 40 ° C. for 1 h, and then made of aluminum. Encapsulated in packaging material.
- the recovery rate was calculated by the following calculation formula and used as an adsorption index.
- Recovery calculation method (counter value at NAI device before extraction-NAI counter value after extraction) / counter value at NAI device before extraction x 100
- Dropping solution A pullulan twice the amount of the model protein was added, and the solution was adjusted so that the drug amount (physiologically active component amount) per substrate was 30 ⁇ g / 30 ⁇ L.
- the recovery rate of the amorphous polylactic acid substrate is higher than that of the crystalline polylactic acid substrate. It was found to be lower than the substrate made of crystalline polylactic acid.
- Example 6 an amorphous microneedle array (sample 10) and a crystalline microneedle array (sample 11) made of poly L-lactic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 80,000 were prepared.
- the microneedle array substrate thickness was 700 ⁇ m
- the microneedle length was 300 ⁇ m
- the microneedle density was 841 pieces / cm 2
- the microneedle array area was 1 cm 2 .
- a color difference meter (CR-200 manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) was used to measure the color difference with respect to the color difference reference color (black) using the lightness index L * as an index.
- the lightness index L * was 33.7 in the sample 10 showing almost complete transparent color, whereas the lightness index L * was 60.5 in the sample 11 showing white.
- the purity of polylactic acid in the microneedle arrays of Samples 10 and 11 is 98.7 wt%, the monomer residual amount is 0.5 wt%, and the residual Sn amount is 50 ppm or less.
- the color difference measurement method is as follows: after white calibration, measure using a black flat plate, set the color difference reference color, and then place the microneedle array on the black flat plate with the microneedle facing up. And measured. Further, when the samples 10 and 11 were stored in a desiccator having a humidity of 20-30% and a temperature of 24-25 ° C. for about 12 months, the sample 10 showed no decrease in strength, whereas the sample 11 A clear decrease in strength was observed, and when a force was applied to bend, the microneedle array was easily cracked and broken. That is, it was confirmed that sample 10 was superior in storage stability to sample 11.
- Example 7 In Example 7, first, a microneedle array-shaped silicon substrate (microneedle array master) was obtained by precision machining. A replica plate with the silicon substrate being inverted is prepared, and while the replica plate is heated and heated to a fine pattern portion of the replica plate, a weight average molecular weight of about 110 is obtained by heating and melting the fine pattern portion of the replica plate. , Poly L-lactic acid (purity 99 wt%, monomer residual amount 0.45 wt%, residual Sn amount 10 ppm or less). It is made of amorphous polylactic acid by rapidly cooling by air cooling at 80 ° C.
- the replica plate was rapidly cooled by air cooling at 80 ° C. or more per minute, and then the replica plate was placed on a hot plate heated to 100 ° C. After heating for a predetermined time, the microneedle array in which the crystallinity of polylactic acid was changed was obtained by rapidly cooling by air cooling at 80 ° C. or more per minute and peeling from the duplicate plate.
- the heating time on the hot plate was defined as a crystallization treatment time.
- a microneedle array is placed on a black flat plate.
- the entire array is black, it is “transparent”, when it is partially white, it is “translucent”, and when it is all white, it is “opaque” "
- an inspection needle (inspection section) is parallel to the plane of the substrate at a speed of 0.6 mm per second with respect to a portion having a height of 100 ⁇ m from the base of the needle.
- the load applied to the inspection needle and the amount of extension of the needle tip were measured, and the deformation state of the microneedle was examined.
- the inspection needle is pushed into the microneedle, after the yield stress or more is applied, the microneedle is plastically deformed and the stress is attenuated.
- the moving distance of the inspection needle from the stage where the yield stress was applied to the microneedle to the stage where the stress decreased to 95% or less of the yield stress was calculated as the amount of elongation.
- the microneedle needle tip that is completely separated from the substrate is defined as a “fold”, and the needle tip that is integral with the substrate is defined as a “bend”.
- a polylactic acid microneedle array maintaining functional performance can be obtained, and its usability can be remarkably enhanced, which has industrial applicability.
- Microneedle array 1 ... Microneedle array, 3 ... Microneedle.
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Abstract
Description
マイクロニードル3の先端3aは、微視的には、平坦であったり、丸みを帯びていたり、あるいは凹凸が形成されていたりしてもよいが、皮膚または粘膜へ穿刺されることを考えると、先端3aが平坦であると仮定した場合の面積(仮定面積)は1600μm2以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、400μm2以下である。なお、先端3aが微視的に丸みを帯びていたり、あるいは凹凸が形成されていたりした場合の仮定面積とは、マイクロニードル3の長手方向に直交する平面で先端3aを切断した場合の断面積を意味する。
また、マイクロニードル3が円錐状(テーパ状)構造の場合、先端角度(傾斜角度)θは、15度以下であると折れやすく、25度以上であると皮膚や粘膜に穿刺し難くなるため、15度~25度が好ましい。
非晶質のポリ乳酸を含むマイクロニードル3は、機械特性に優れ、押圧により変形するが破断し難い。一方、結晶化度の高いポリ乳酸を含むマイクロニードルは、一定の力が加わると破断し易い。このため、非晶質のマイクロニードルアレイ1の方が、使用時に破損したマイクロニードルアレイ1の破片が体内に残留し難くすることができる。さらに、非晶質のポリ乳酸のほうが、経時的なマイクロニードル3の強度劣化がなく、保存安定性が良い。また、結晶化度の高いマイクロニードルアレイの場合、マイクロニードルアレイに薬物などの生理活性成分を塗布した際に生理活性成分がマイクロニードルアレイに吸着して体内へ放出され難くなるなどの問題が発生する場合もある。
(重量平均分子量が異なるマイクロニードルアレイの製造)
実施例1では、重量平均分子量の異なるポリ-L-乳酸樹脂からなるサンプル1~6のマイクロニードルアレイを製造した。各サンプル1~6の重量平均分子量及びマイクロニードルの特性は表1の通りである。
(マイクロニードルアレイ)
・マイクロニードルの高さ:500μm
・マイクロニードルの形状:四角錐
・マイクロニードルの密度:625本/cm2
・特性:非晶質
・面積:1cm2
各サンプル1~6の重量平均分子量はゲル濾過クロマトグラフ法(以下、「GPC法」)にて測定した。
(測定条件)
カラム:Shim-pack GPC-803C+GPC-805Cを直列に接続
カラム温度:45℃
溶離液:クロロホルム
検出器:RID(示差屈折検出器)
サンプル濃度:2.5g/L(クロロホルムに溶解)
なお、サンプル1~6以外に、重量平均分子量40,000~100,000のポリ-L-乳酸からなる結晶性のマイクロニードルアレイも製造したが、室温密封状態で半年間保管した際に、その強度が低下する傾向が認められた。
実施例2では、マイクロニードルの強度を測定する試験を実施した。第1の試験では、JISの規格試験(K7116)を参考にマイクロニードル基板の破断強度試験を実施した。試験方法は、マイクロニードル基板を専用の固定治具に設置して上部より荷重を連続的に加え、試験片の破断に至るまでの時間と破断時の最大荷重を測定した。マイクロニードルの破断には装置に付属される専用棒によって行われ、マイクロニードル基板が中央から破断した時に負荷された最大荷重の値とマイクロニードルの針および基板を含めた厚み結果とした。表2の結果から明らかなように、ポリ-L-乳酸樹脂の重量平均分子量と最大荷重の値は相関する傾向を示した。これらの結果からマイクロニードルの強度と重量平均分子量が相関することが示された。
実施例3では、マイクロニードル基板の破断強度試験と同様の群構成でヒト摘出皮膚を用いた薬物のデリバリー試験(ヒト摘出皮膚穿刺試験)を実施した。薬剤は放射ラベル化された14C-OVAとColdのOVAを用い、プルランとの混合溶液を作製した。コーティング液の組成は(30%プルラン/20%OVA)とし、針の先端部分に高さ100μmになるようにコーティングを行った。具体的なコーティングの方法は、メタルマスク(規格:口径一辺220μm、厚さ100μm、室温加湿85%以上)によりマイクロニードルアレイにコーティングした。次にコーティングされたマイクロニードルデバイスをヒト摘出皮膚に指押(3kg/patch)により5秒間穿刺後、マイクロニードル基板上に残存した薬物の含量をGM測定器により測定した(n=3)。図2の結果から何れの群も同程度の残存率を示すことから、マイクロニードルの性能を維持していることが判明した。
(電子線照射によるポリ乳酸の重量平均分子量の低下)
実施例4では、重量平均分子量の異なるポリ-L-乳酸樹脂(重量平均分子量約1.5万~14万)のサンプルに対して電子線を照射し、電子線の照射によってポリ乳酸の重量平均分子量の低下を測定するという実験を実施した。なお、マイクロニードルアレイであるサンプル7(図3参照)の初期重量平均分子量は130,000である。また、サンプル8の初期重量平均分子量は90,000である。また、サンプル9の初期重量平均分子量は130,000である。また、サンプル7のマイクロニードルにおけるポリ乳酸の純度は96.5wt%であり、モノマー残有量2.1wt%であり、残留Sn量99ppm以下である。また、サンプル8,9のマイクロニードルアレイにおけるポリ乳酸の純度は96.5wt%であり、モノマー残有量0.2wt%であり、残留Sn量30ppm以下である。
実施例5では、コーティング組成物中の薬物(生理活性成分)のマイクロニードル基板への吸着を評価するために、重量平均分子量約8万のL-ポリ乳酸製基板(面積約1cm2)を用い、重量平均分子量約35,000のモデルタンパク質およびモデルタンパク質の125Iラベル体を含む溶液30μLをポリ乳酸製基板(非晶質および結晶質)上に滴下し、40℃-1h乾燥後、アルミ製包材中に封入した。恒温室にて40℃-1M保存後、サンプルを取り出してNAIカウンターにて放射能を測定した後、水中に一昼夜浸漬してモデルタンパク質を抽出した。
翌日、ポリ乳酸製基板表面を水で洗浄し、ポリ乳酸製基板表面に残存する放射能を再びNAIカウンターにて測定した。なお評価方法は以下の計算式により回収率を算出して吸着性の指標とした。
滴下溶液:モデルタンパク質の2倍量のプルランを加え、基板1枚あたりの薬物量(生理活性成分量)が30μg/30μLになるように溶液を調整した。
その結果、図4に示されるとおり、回収率は非晶質ポリ乳酸製基板の方が結晶質ポリ乳酸製基板に比べて高く、従って、非晶質ポリ乳酸製基板の薬物の吸着は明らかに、結晶質ポリ乳酸製基板に比べて低いことが判明した。
実施例6では、重量平均分子量約80,000のポリL-乳酸からなる非晶質性のマイクロニードルアレイ(サンプル10)、結晶性のマイクロニードルアレイ(サンプル11)を作成した。いずれのサンプル10,11も、マイクロニードルアレイの基板の厚み:700μm、マイクロニードルの長さ:300μm、マイクロニードルの密度:841本/cm2、マイクロニードルアレイの面積:1cm2とした。これらのサンプル10,11に関し、色彩色差計(CR-200.ミノルタ社製)を用いて、色差基準色(黒)に対する色差について明度指数L*を指標として測定した。その結果、ほぼ完全な透明色を示すサンプル10では、明度指数L*が33.7であったのに対し、白色を示すサンプル11では、明度指数L*が60.5であった。また、サンプル10,11のマイクロニードルアレイにおけるポリ乳酸の純度は、いずれも98.7wt%であり、モノマー残有量0.5wt%であり、残留Sn量50ppm以下である。
また、サンプル10及びサンプル11を、湿度20-30%、温度24-25℃のデシケーターの中におよそ12ケ月保管していたところ、サンプル10について強度低下は認められなかったのに対し、サンプル11は、明らかな強度低下が認められ、折り曲げるように力をかけると容易にマイクロニードルアレイが割れて破損する現象が生じた。つまり、サンプル11に比べサンプル10の方が保存安定性に優れていることを確認した。
実施例7では、まず、精密機械加工によってマイクロニードルアレイ形状のシリコン基板(マイクロニードルアレイ原版)を得た。このシリコン基板を凹凸反転させた複製版を準備し、複製版を加熱しながら、複製版の微細なパターン部分に加熱しながら、複製版の微細なパターン部分に加熱溶融させた重量平均分子量約110,000のポリL-乳酸(純度99wt%、モノマー残有量0.45wt%、残留Sn量10ppm以下)を充填させた。ポリ乳酸を複製版に充填させた状態で、毎分80℃以上の空冷によって急速に冷却し、ポリ乳酸が十分に冷えた後に、複製版から剥離することによって、非晶質のポリ乳酸からなるマイクロニードルアレイを得た。次に、ポリ乳酸を複製版に充填させた状態で、毎分80℃以上の空冷によって急速に冷却した後、100℃に加温したホットプレート上に複製版ごと設置した。所定の時間加熱した後に、毎分80℃以上の空冷によって急速に冷却し、複製版から剥離することによってポリ乳酸の結晶化度を変化させたマイクロニードルアレイを得た。このホットプレート上での加熱時間を結晶化処理時間とした。
Claims (6)
- 非晶質のポリ乳酸を含むマイクロニードルを備えたマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 前記ポリ乳酸の結晶化度は38%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 前記マイクロニードルは、透明または半透明であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 前記ポリ乳酸が、重量平均分子量40,000~100,000であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 前記ポリ乳酸が、ポリL-乳酸であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 電子線またはガンマ線照射により滅菌されることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
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US13/386,105 US8696638B2 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-15 | Microneedle array |
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KR1020117027674A KR101686692B1 (ko) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-15 | 마이크로니들 어레이 |
EP10802225.2A EP2457592B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-15 | Microneedle array |
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JP2011523624A JP5620911B2 (ja) | 2009-07-23 | 2010-07-15 | マイクロニードルアレイ |
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WO2016098780A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-23 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | マイクロニードルパッチ、及びその製造方法並びにマイクロニードルアレイ製造装置 |
WO2024005176A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | リンテック株式会社 | マイクロニードル構造体 |
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US20120136312A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
US8696638B2 (en) | 2014-04-15 |
KR20120037910A (ko) | 2012-04-20 |
ES2826882T3 (es) | 2021-05-19 |
JP5620911B2 (ja) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2457592A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
CN102470179A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
KR101686692B1 (ko) | 2016-12-14 |
IN2012DN00906A (ja) | 2015-04-03 |
JPWO2011010605A1 (ja) | 2012-12-27 |
EP2457592B1 (en) | 2020-09-16 |
EP2457592A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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