WO2011007867A1 - 魚類用飼料 - Google Patents
魚類用飼料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011007867A1 WO2011007867A1 PCT/JP2010/062055 JP2010062055W WO2011007867A1 WO 2011007867 A1 WO2011007867 A1 WO 2011007867A1 JP 2010062055 W JP2010062055 W JP 2010062055W WO 2011007867 A1 WO2011007867 A1 WO 2011007867A1
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- feed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
- A61K35/63—Arthropods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
- A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fish feed containing fly moths or fly larvae.
- a feed using soybean meal is disclosed as an alternative to fish meal.
- a feed comprising a combination of soybean meal and an animal protein source (Patent Document 1), a feed prepared by mixing yeast with soybean meal (Patent Document 2), a pellet-form feed prepared by mixing barley and soybean meal (Patent Document 3) ) Etc. have been developed.
- Patent Document 1 an animal protein source
- Patent Document 2 a feed prepared by mixing yeast with soybean meal
- Patent Document 3 a pellet-form feed prepared by mixing barley and soybean meal
- Patent Document 4 describes a method for obtaining animal resources by decomposing plant soup using Drosophila and houseflies, and among them, the housefly larva can be used as feed for cultured fish. It is mentioned that there is (Patent Document 6).
- the conventional fish meal substitute feed has a problem that it is inferior to the feed using fish meal in terms of the feeding degree of fish and the growth of the fish that have been eaten. Therefore, there has been a demand for the development of feed materials having effects equivalent to or higher than fish meal.
- the present invention is a feed for fish containing fly moths or fly larvae.
- the feed of the present invention has a very high food intake compared to a feed using fish meal.
- the growth of fish fed the feed of the present invention is promoted, and immunity is further activated.
- the fly moth or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention may be a heat-treated fly moth or fly larva.
- Many conventional animal raw materials are known to have effects such as growth that are lowered by heat treatment.
- the fly moths or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention are not only impaired by the heat treatment but also improved in the above effects. Therefore, by using the heat-treated fly moth or the heat-treated fly larvae in the present invention, a feed having the above-mentioned effects can be obtained.
- the heat treatment in the feed of the present invention may be a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment.
- Many conventional animal raw materials are known to have low effects such as growth by high-temperature and high-pressure treatment.
- the fly moths or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention are not only impaired by the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, but also improved by the above effects. Therefore, by using the fly moth treated at high temperature and high pressure or the fly larva treated at high temperature and high pressure in the present invention, it is possible to obtain a feed with the above effect enhanced.
- the feed of the present invention may contain about 1.5% to about 50% by weight of fly moths or fly larvae in dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material, and further in dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material. It may contain about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt%.
- the effect of the feed of this invention can be heightened by containing a fly moth or a fly larva in said range.
- the feed of the present invention may contain fly moths or fly larvae in a dry weight of about 0.1 wt% to about 100 wt% with respect to the animal raw materials contained in the feed, and further includes It may be contained in an amount of about 1% to about 50% by dry weight based on the animal raw material.
- the effect of the feed of this invention can be heightened by containing a fly moth or a fly larva in said range.
- the feed of the present invention may contain the fly meal in a dry weight of about 0.5 wt% to about 7.5 wt% with respect to the entire feed raw material. It may contain from about 1% to about 15% by dry weight. The effect of the feed of this invention can be heightened by containing a fly meal in said range.
- the feed of the present invention may contain fly larvae in a dry weight of about 5% to about 50% by weight with respect to the whole feed raw material. It may contain from about 10% to about 100% by dry weight. By containing a fly larva in the above range, the effect of the feed of the present invention can be enhanced.
- the feed of the present invention has a higher degree of fish intake compared to conventional feed, and the growth of fish fed the feed of the present invention is promoted. Further, the meat increase coefficient (the amount of feed (kg) necessary to increase the weight of fish by 1 kg) is significantly lower than that of conventional feed, and fish can be efficiently grown. In particular, the feed of the present invention is important in that these effects are higher than the feed using fish meal.
- the feed of the present invention also has an effect of activating immunity of fish that have been eaten.
- fish are considered to be healthy and the number of dead fish is reduced.
- fly larvae or fly moths are produced from organic waste, and the production method is very easy. Therefore, the feed of the present invention can be stably supplied at a low price.
- the phagocytosis rate of the red sea bream neutrophil which ingested the feed of this invention is shown.
- the number of phagocytic beads per cell of red sea bream neutrophils fed the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the photomicrograph of the red sea bream neutrophil which ingested the feed of this invention is shown.
- the body weight growth amount of the red sea bream which ingested the feed of this invention is shown.
- the fork length growth of red sea bream fed with the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the number of phagocytic beads per cell of red sea bream neutrophils fed the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the body weight growth amount of the red sea bream which ingested the feed of this invention (bred 23rd day) is shown.
- the body weight growth amount of the red sea bream which ingested the feed of this invention (the breeding 35th day) is shown.
- the forage length growth (day 23 of breeding) of red sea bream fed with the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the forage length growth (day 35 of breeding) of red sea bream fed with the feed of the present invention is shown.
- cultivation by a sea surface ginger is shown.
- the change of the fork length of the red sea bream which ingested the feed of this invention in the long-term breeding in a sea surface ginger is shown.
- the phagocytosis rate of the red sea bream neutrophil which ingested the feed of this invention is shown.
- the number of phagocytic beads per cell of red sea bream neutrophils fed the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the body weight growth amount of the red sea bream which ingested the feed of this invention is shown.
- the fork length growth of red sea bream fed with the feed of the present invention is shown.
- the feed of the present invention is a feed containing fly pupae and / or fly larvae.
- the feed of the present invention has effects such as high fish intake, promoting the growth of ingested fish, and activating immunity. Since flies grow in an environment rich in bacteria and viruses from the larvae to pupae, the immune functions of the flies are highly developed. Therefore, it is considered that the fly larvae and moths contain components effective for fish.
- a fly is an insect belonging to the order of the fly order (Diptera), and grows by changing the form of eggs, larvae, moths and adults.
- families such as houseflies, fliesflies, dungflies, fly flies, drosophilids, blackflies, drosophilids, and species such as houseflies, dromedaries, drosophila, yellow flies, sentinella, Drosophila.
- Houseflies (scientific name: Musca domestica) belonging to the family Flies. Houseflies are distributed throughout the world. Houseflies are suitable for mass production because they grow fast and can be produced with simple equipment.
- the fly moth or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention can be produced by the following method.
- housefly eggs are inoculated into a medium containing organic matter that flies prefer to grow.
- the environment during production is preferably maintained at a temperature of 25 ° C. to 40 ° C. and a humidity of 20% to 90%.
- Flies hatch and become larvae one to two days after inoculation with eggs.
- Fly larvae crawl out of the medium 3-5 days after hatching. Therefore, when the collection container is installed at a place where the fly crawls out, the fly moves into the collection container by itself and can be easily collected. The flies that have moved to the collection container will hatch one to two days after the move.
- the feed of the present invention includes animal raw materials such as fish meal, meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, krill meal, squid meal, etc .; plant raw materials such as wheat, soybean meal, oil cake, sake lees, rice cake, starch; As other raw materials, yeast, seaweed powder, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter, CMC) and the like can be contained as feed raw materials.
- animal raw materials such as fish meal, meat meal, meat-and-bone meal, krill meal, squid meal, etc .
- plant raw materials such as wheat, soybean meal, oil cake, sake lees, rice cake, starch
- yeast, seaweed powder vitamins, minerals, amino acids, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter, CMC) and the like can be contained as feed raw materials.
- the fly pods and / or fly larvae are dry weight, preferably about 0.05 wt% to about 50 wt%, more preferably about 0.5 wt% to the total feed raw material. It may contain about 25% by weight. By containing fly moths and / or fly larvae in the above range, the effect of the feed of the present invention can be enhanced.
- the feed of the present invention may more preferably contain about 0.5 wt% to about 7.5 wt% of the fly meal, in dry weight, with respect to the entire feed raw material. Further, the fly larva may be contained in a dry weight of about 5 wt% to about 50 wt% with respect to the whole feed raw material.
- the effect of the feed of this invention can be heightened by containing a fly moth or a fly larva in said range.
- fly moths and / or fly larvae can be contained in feed as animal raw materials. Replacing all or part of the animal raw materials conventionally contained in feed with fly moths or fly larvae will not only have an adverse effect on the growth rate of ingested fish, but also has the effects described above. Therefore, it can be said that fly moths or fly larvae can replace all or part of other animal raw materials.
- the feed of the present invention is preferably about 0.1 wt% to about 100 wt%, more preferably about 1 wt% to about 1 wt% of dry fly larvae and / or fly larvae with respect to the whole animal raw material. It may contain 50% by weight. By containing fly moths and / or fly larvae in the above range, the effect of the feed of the present invention can be enhanced.
- the feed according to the present invention may contain about 1% to about 15% by weight of the fly meal, based on the total amount of animal raw materials.
- the fly larvae may be contained in a dry weight of about 10 wt% to about 100 wt% with respect to the whole feed raw material. The effect of the feed of this invention can be heightened by containing a fly moth or a fly larva in said range.
- Fly moths or fly larvae can be artificially produced, and feeds with reduced burden on the natural environment can be developed.
- fish meal contained in many feeds is produced by capturing natural fish, so overfishing of natural fish has become a problem, and alternative raw materials for fish meal have been demanded.
- the fish meal replacement rate of 50% by weight means that half of the fish meal contained in the conventional feed is replaced with another raw material in terms of weight.
- the fish meal substitute rate of 100% by weight means that all of the fish meal contained in the conventional feed is replaced with another raw material.
- the feed of the present invention may contain heat-treated fly moths or fly larvae. It has been found that the fly moths or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention are not only impaired in heat treatment but also improved in the above effect. Therefore, by using the heat-treated fly moth or the heat-treated fly larvae in the present invention, a feed having the above-mentioned effects can be obtained.
- the feed of the present invention may contain fly moths or fly larvae that have been treated at high temperature and high pressure. It has been found that the fly moths or fly larvae contained in the feed of the present invention are not only impaired by the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, but also improved by the above effects. Therefore, by using the fly moth treated at high temperature and high pressure or the fly larva treated at high temperature and high pressure in the present invention, it is possible to obtain a feed with the above effect enhanced.
- the heat treatment and the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment may be performed on the fly moth or fly larva alone, or may be performed simultaneously on the fly moth or fly larva and other feed materials.
- Heat treatment means high temperature treatment such as boiling treatment, dry heat treatment, wet heat treatment, friction heat treatment, and includes high temperature and high pressure treatment.
- Conditions for the heat treatment temperature and time are not limited, but for example, the heat treatment temperature is about 40 ° C. to about 300 ° C., preferably about 80 ° C. to about 200 ° C., more preferably about 100 ° C. to about 130 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is about 5 seconds to about 1 hour.
- High temperature and high pressure processing means processing under conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and includes processing by an autoclave or an extruder.
- the conditions such as the temperature, time, and pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment are not limited.
- the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is about 40 ° C. to about 300 ° C., preferably about 80 ° C. to about 200 ° C., more preferably. Is about 100 ° C. to about 120 ° C.
- the time for the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment is about 5 seconds to about 1 hour.
- the pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure treatment may be higher than the atmospheric pressure, for example, 0.15 MPa to 50 MPa.
- the processing with an extruder can use an extruder equipped with a single-screw or multi-screw.
- the feed material is kneaded by a screw in the extruder, subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment, and extruded from the die.
- the number of rotations of the extruder screw is not limited, but is, for example, 20 rpm to 200 rpm.
- fly moths or fly larvae used in the present invention may be subjected to treatments such as pulverization, pulverization, and drying in addition to the above treatments.
- the feed of the present invention can be formed into a solid feed by molding a feed raw material.
- the solid feed include moist pellets and extruded pellets.
- Moist pellets are advantageous in that they are difficult to disperse in the sea, fish feeding rate is high, and can be manufactured with stable quality.
- the extruded pellet is a feed formed by being subjected to a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment by an extruder.
- the extruded pellets are characterized by a high water resistance of the feed and a high digestibility of the fish they eat.
- Moist pellets are formed by a granulator for moist pellets.
- the extruded pellet is molded by kneading the feed raw material in the extruder and extruding it from the die as described above.
- the size of the pellet according to the present invention is not limited, for example, a diameter of 0.1 mm to 30 mm can be arbitrarily selected according to the fish species to be provided.
- the feed of the present invention is used for the production and breeding of edible fish such as red sea bream, yellowtail (fish), tuna, flounder, puffer fish, eel, etc. be able to.
- edible fish such as red sea bream, yellowtail (fish), tuna, flounder, puffer fish, eel, etc. be able to.
- fish immunity When fish feeds the feed of the present invention, fish immunity can be activated.
- the immune system of fish is divided into innate immunity and acquired immunity, and various cells work each.
- innate immunity leukocytes such as neutrophils and macrophages have a phagocytic action that recognizes pathogenic bacteria and foreign substances that have invaded the body and swallow and destroy them.
- macrophages present an antigen and an immune response corresponding to the antigen occurs (acquired immunity).
- Helper T cells that receive the presentation of antigen from macrophages are activated and activate B cells and cytotoxic T cells to promote proliferation.
- Antibodies produced by B cells and cytotoxic T cells attack and destroy foreign substances.
- interferon is secreted from T cells, B cells, etc., and stimulates an immune reaction.
- the feed of this invention has the effect of accelerating
- it is more effective than conventional feeds in that the growth of fish can be enhanced even under severe conditions such as the cold season.
- Housefly larvae obtained from organic waste were boiled, heat-treated (about 10 minutes, about 100 ° C.), dried in the sun, and then moist pellet feed was prepared in the same manner as described above.
- Example 1 Verification of the effect of fish feed containing flies
- Example 2 Verification of the effect of fish feed containing flies
- Table 1 shows the composition of feed raw materials per 100 g of dry weight of the prepared fish feed.
- the feed of Example 1 contained house fly 0.75% by dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material and 1.5% by weight dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- the feed of Example 2 contained house fly 7.5% by dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material and 15% by dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- test fish 72 red sea bream fish with a fish weight (BW) of 48.2 ⁇ 0.6 g and a fork length (FL) of 136.5 ⁇ 0.6 mm were used.
- BW fish weight
- FL fork length
- the feed was fed to the satiety amount twice a day.
- the breeding water temperature was 17.0 ° C. to 23.0 ° C., and the average water temperature was 20.0 ° C.
- the immune activation effect of feed against red sea bream was measured using leukocyte phagocytic ability as an index.
- leukocyte phagocytic ability As an index.
- 2% proteose peptone was intraperitoneally administered, and after breeding for 96 hours, neutrophils leached into the abdominal cavity were collected.
- the measurement of phagocytic ability uses fluorescent latex beads (3 ⁇ m) as the target of phagocytosis, cultivates neutrophils for 1 hour in a culture solution to which beads are added, and the ratio of neutrophils incorporating latex beads (phagocytosis rate) and The number of latex beads taken up per neutrophil cell (the number of phagocytic beads) was evaluated.
- Example 1 and Example 2 had a significantly higher phagocytosis rate than the group fed with the feed of Comparative Example 1.
- the number of phagocytic beads per cell increased depending on the content of the house fly.
- Example 2 containing 7.5% by weight of the house fly it was 2.75 / cell, which was a very high value compared to the group to which Comparative Example 1 was supplied (2.07 / Cell). showed that.
- FIG. 3 shows a photomicrograph.
- Table 2 shows the feed intake and the meat increase coefficient per individual during the breeding period. Since the feed intake of the feed of Example 1 and Example 2 is higher than the feed intake of the feed of the comparative example 1, it turned out that fish eat actively. Further, the coefficient of increase in meat (the amount of feed (kg) necessary for a cultured fish to increase its body weight by 1 kg) was 5.27 for the group fed with the feed of Comparative Example 1, whereas Example 1 Feed of 2.59 and feed of Example 2 was 2.69. Therefore, it became clear that the feed of this invention grows fish efficiently.
- Example 3 Verification of the effect of feed for fish containing flies (2) Furthermore, a fish feed containing fly fly was prepared and the effect was verified. Five types of feed for fish were used: Example 3, Example 4, Example 5, Example 6, and Comparative Example 1. Table 3 shows the composition of the feed material per 100 g of dry weight of the prepared feed.
- the feed of Example 3 contained house fly 0.05% by dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material and 0.1% by weight dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- the feed of Example 4 contained 0.5% by weight of the fly fly with respect to the whole feed raw material and 1% by weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- the house fly contained 5% by weight in dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material and 10% by weight in dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- Example 6 a house fly that was subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment was used.
- the frozen house fly is subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure treatment at 2 atm (about 0.2 MPa) and 121 ° C. for 20 minutes using an autoclave.
- test fish used was 105 red sea bream fish with a mean fish weight (BW) of 45.2 ⁇ 2.23 g and a mean fork length (FL) of 133.6 ⁇ 2.70 mm.
- BW mean fish weight
- FL mean fork length
- the test fish was divided into 5 groups (21 per group), and only the corresponding feed was given to analyze the effect on the test fish.
- the feed was fed to the satiety amount twice a day.
- the breeding water temperature was 23.6 ° C. to 28.5 ° C., and the average water temperature was 25.8 ° C.
- the immune activation effect of feed against red sea bream was measured using leukocyte phagocytic ability as an index.
- the number of latex beads incorporated per neutrophil cell was evaluated in the same manner as in 2.1 using seven red sea breams in each group.
- Table 4 shows the amount of feed (kg) required for the above. Since the amount of feed of the feed of the present invention was higher than the amount of feed of the feed of the comparative example, it was found that fish were actively fed. Further, it was found that the feed of the present invention grows fish efficiently because the feed of Examples 3 to 6 is lower than that of Comparative Example 1. Moreover, it became clear that the intake of the feed of Example 6 containing the house fly which was processed at high temperature and high pressure is the highest.
- Example 7 Verification of the effect of feed for fish containing flies (3) Furthermore, the effect of the fish feed of the present invention in long-term breeding with sea surface ginger was verified.
- Two types of feed for fish were produced: Example 7 and Comparative Example 1.
- Table 5 shows the composition of the feed material per 100 g of dry weight of the prepared feed.
- the feed of Example 7 contains 1% by weight of dry fly, which is a high-temperature and high-pressure treatment (2 atm (about 0.2 MPa), 121 ° C., 20 minutes) using an autoclave, with respect to the whole feed raw material. 2% by weight in dry weight with respect to the entire raw material.
- test fish 500 red sea bream with a mean fish weight (BW) of 130.7 ⁇ 2.59 g and a mean fork length (FL) of 45.0 ⁇ 1.25 mm was used.
- BW mean fish weight
- FL mean fork length
- FIG. 11 shows the transition of BW
- FIG. 12 shows the transition of FL.
- the effect of promoting the growth of fish by the feed of Example 7 was noticeable in the cold season from November to January.
- the feed intake of the present invention was evaluated using a red sea bream. When it was given to red sea bream, it was evaluated in four stages: very well eat ( ⁇ ), eat well ( ⁇ ), eat normally ( ⁇ ), and not eat much ( ⁇ ).
- Example 7 had a higher degree of feeding because red sea bream eats much better than the feed of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 8 Verification of effect of fish feed containing fly larvae Furthermore, a fish feed containing fly larvae was prepared and the effect was verified. Housefly larvae were obtained from organic wastes after being heat-treated by boiling (about 10 minutes, about 100 ° C.) and dried in the sun. Four types of feeds, Example 8, Example 9, Example 10, and Comparative Example 1, were prepared. Table 7 shows the composition of the feed material per 100 g of dry weight of the prepared feed. The feed of Example 8 contains 5% by weight of the fly larvae in dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material, and 10% by weight in dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- the feed of Example 9 contains 25% by weight of the fly larvae in dry weight with respect to the whole feed raw material, and 50% by weight in dry weight with respect to the whole animal raw material.
- the feed of Example 10 contains the fly larvae in a dry weight of 50% by weight with respect to the whole feed raw material and 100% by weight in the dry weight of the whole animal raw material.
- test fish For the test fish, 96 year-old fishes of red sea bream with a fish weight (BW) of 21.5 ⁇ 2.3 g and a fork length (FL) of 100.3 ⁇ 2.8 mm were used. For each feed to be fed, the test fish was divided into 4 groups (24 per group), and only the corresponding feed was given to analyze the effect on the test fish. The feed was fed to the satiety amount twice a day.
- the breeding water temperature was 15.5 ° C to 19.2 ° C.
- the immune activation effect on red sea bream was measured by leukocyte phagocytic ability.
- 2% proteose peptone was administered intraperitoneally, and after breeding for 96 hours, neutrophils that had exuded into the abdominal cavity were collected.
- Neutrophils were cultured at 25 ° C. for 1 hour using a culture solution to which fluorescent latex beads were added. The ratio of neutrophils that incorporated fluorescent latex beads (the phagocytosis rate) and the number of latex beads incorporated per neutrophil cell (the number of phagocytic beads) were evaluated.
- BW ⁇ FL tended to show a high value in the group supplied with Example 8 and the group supplied with Example 9. Further, the coefficient of increase in meat was 6.37 in the group to which Comparative Example 1 was given, but it was 4.73 in Example 8 and 4.51 in Example 9, and the fish that consumed the feed of the present invention was shown to grow efficiently.
- the feed of the present invention can be used for fish culture and breeding.
Abstract
Description
有機廃棄物から得られたイエバエの蛹又はイエバエ幼虫を用いて魚類用飼料の作製を行った。凍結されたイエバエの蛹をイワタニミルサ(IFM-800DG、岩谷産業株式会社製)又はタイガーミルサ(SKP-C701DE、タイガー魔法瓶株式会社製)で粉砕し、ガーゼに包んで圧搾した。イエバエの蛹を含む飼料原料を混合し、水を加え、飼料原料が均一になるまで撹拌し、乾燥造粒機(MGD-5、アキラ機工株式会社製)を用いて、直径4mm~5mm、長さ5mm~10mmのモイストペレット飼料を作製した。造粒の際の摩擦熱により熱処理が施された。
ハエ蛹を含有する魚類用飼料を作製し、その効果を検証した。魚類用飼料は実施例1、実施例2、比較例1の3種類を作製した。作製した魚類用飼料の乾燥重量100g当たりの飼料原料の組成を表1に示す。実施例1の飼料は、イエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で0.75重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で1.5重量%含有した。実施例2の飼料は、イエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で7.5重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で15重量%含有した。
マダイに対する飼料の免疫活性化効果を、白血球貪食能を指標として測定した。飼育10日目のマダイに2%のプロテーオースペプトンを腹腔内に投与し、96時間飼育後、腹腔内に浸出した好中球を回収した。貪食能の測定は、貪食の対象として蛍光ラテックスビーズ(3μm)を用い、ビーズを加えた培養液で好中球を1時間培養し、ラテックスビーズを取り込んだ好中球の割合(貪食率)及び好中球1細胞あたりのラテックスビーズの取り込み数(貪食ビーズ数)を評価した。
35日間の飼育後に、マダイの魚体重(BW)及び尾叉長(FL)を測定し、試験開始前との差から成長量を算出した。BWの成長量を図4に示す。比較例1の飼料を供与した群は5.6g成長、その成長率は13.6%であったのに対し、実施例2の飼料を供与した群は16.7g成長、成長率は34%を示した。一方、FLの成長量を図5に示す。比較例1の飼料を供与した群は3.6mm成長、成長率は2.76%であったのに対し、実施例2の飼料を供与した群は12.1mm成長、成長率は13.6%を示した。以上のように、ハエ蛹を含有する飼料は、魚類の免疫力を活性化し、さらに成長を著しく促進させることが明らかとなった。
さらに、飼育期間中の1個体あたりの飼料摂取量及び増肉係数を表2に示す。実施例1及び実施例2の飼料の摂食量は、比較例1の飼料の摂食量よりも高いため、魚類が盛んに摂食することがわかった。また、増肉係数(養殖魚が1kg体重を増加させるのに必要な飼料の量(kg))は、比較例1の飼料を供与した群が5.27であったのに対し、実施例1の飼料が2.59、実施例2の飼料が2.69であった。したがって、本発明の飼料は魚類を効率的に成長させることが明らかとなった。
さらに、ハエ蛹を含有する魚類用飼料を作製し、その効果を検証した。魚類用飼料は実施例3、実施例4、実施例5、実施例6、比較例1の5種類を用いた。作製した飼料の乾燥重量100g当たりの飼料原料の組成を表3に示す。実施例3の飼料は、イエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で0.05重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で0.1重量%含有した。実施例4の飼料は、イエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で0.5重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で1重量%含有した。実施例5及び実施例6の飼料は、イエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で5重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で10重量%含有した。
マダイに対する飼料の免疫活性化効果を、白血球貪食能を指標として測定した。各群7匹のマダイを用いて、2.1と同様の方法で、好中球1細胞あたりのラテックスビーズの取り込み数(貪食ビーズ数)を評価した。
各群14匹のマダイを用いて、飼育開始後23日目及び35日目に、マダイの魚体重(BW)及び尾叉長(FL)を測定し、試験開始前との差から成長量を測定した。BWの23日目の成長量を図7に、35日目の成長量を図8に、尾叉長の23日目の成長量を図9に、尾叉長の35日目の成長量を図10にそれぞれ示す。いずれの場合においても、本発明の飼料を供与したマダイは、比較例の飼料を供与したマダイに比べて成長が優れることが明らかとなった。なかでも、高温高圧処理したイエバエ蛹を含有する実施例6の飼料の効果が最も優れることが明らかとなった。
さらに、飼育23日目での1個体あたりの飼料摂取量、体重増加量及び増肉係数(養殖魚が1kg体重を増加させるのに必要な飼料の量(kg))を表4に示す。本発明の飼料の摂食量は、比較例の飼料の摂食量よりも高いため、魚類が盛んに摂食することがわかった。また、増肉係数は、実施例3~実施例6の飼料が比較例1の飼料よりも低いため、本発明の飼料は魚類を効率的に成長させることがわかった。また、高温高圧処理したイエバエ蛹を含有する実施例6の飼料の摂食量が最も高いことが明らかとなった。
さらに、海面生簀での長期飼育における本発明の魚類用飼料の効果を検証した。魚類用飼料は実施例7、比較例1の2種類を作製した。作製した飼料の乾燥重量100g当たりの飼料原料の組成を表5に示す。実施例7の飼料は、オートクレーブを用いて高温高圧処理(2気圧(約0.2MPa)、121℃、20分)したイエバエ蛹を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で1重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で2重量%含有する。
8月に飼育を開始し、10月から1月毎にマダイの魚体重(BW)及び尾叉長(FL)を測定した。BWの推移を図11に、FLの推移を図12に示す。実施例7の飼料による魚類の成長促進効果は、11月~1月の寒冷期に顕著にみられた。
マダイによる本発明の飼料の摂食度を評価した。マダイに供与した場合に、非常によく食べる(◎)、よく食べる(○)、普通に食べる(△)、あまり食べない(×)の4段階で評価した。
さらに、ハエ幼虫を含有する魚類用飼料を作製し、その効果を検証した。イエバエ幼虫は有機廃棄物から得られたものを煮沸による熱処理(約10分間、約100℃)施し、天日で乾燥したものを用いた。飼料は実施例8、実施例9、実施例10、比較例1の4種類を作製した。作製した飼料の乾燥重量100g当たりの飼料原料の組成を表7に示す。実施例8の飼料は、イエバエ幼虫を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で5重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で10重量%含有する。実施例9の飼料は、イエバエ幼虫を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で25重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で50重量%含有する。実施例10の飼料は、イエバエ幼虫を飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で50重量%含有し、動物性原料全体に対して乾燥重量で100重量%含有する。
マダイに対する免疫活性化効果を、白血球貪食能で測定した。飼育10日目のマダイに、2%のプロテーオースペプトンを腹腔内に投与し、96時間飼育後、腹腔内に浸出した好中球を回収した。蛍光ラテックスビーズを加えた培養液を用い、好中球を25℃で1時間培養した。蛍光ラテックスビーズを取り込んだ好中球の割合(貪食率)及び好中球1細胞あたりのラテックスビーズの取り込み数(貪食ビーズ数)を評価した。
40日間の飼育後に、マダイの魚体重(BW)及び尾叉長(FL)を測定し、試験開始前との差から成長率を算出した。図15、図16に示すように、実施例8を供与した群及び実施例9を供与した群でBW・FLは高い値を示す傾向が認められた。また、増肉係数は、比較例1を供与した群では6.37であったが、実施例8では4.73、実施例9では4.51であり、本発明の飼料を摂食した魚類は効率的に成長することが示された。
Claims (11)
- ハエ蛹又はハエ幼虫を含有する魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹が熱処理したハエ蛹であり、前記ハエ幼虫が熱処理したハエ幼虫である、
請求項1に記載の魚類用飼料 - 前記熱処理が高温高圧処理である、請求項2に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹又は前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で約0.05重量%~約50重量%含有する請求項1~3いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹又は前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料に含まれる動物性原料に対して乾燥重量で約0.1重量%~約100重量%含有する請求項1~4いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹又は前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で約0.5重量%~約25重量%含有する請求項1~5いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹又は前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料に含まれる動物性原料に対して乾燥重量で約1重量%~約50重量%含有する請求項1~6いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹を、飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で約0.5重量%~約7.5重量%含有する、請求項1~7いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ蛹を、飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で約1重量%~約15重量%含有する、請求項1~8いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料原料全体に対して乾燥重量で約5重量%~約50重量%含有する請求項1~9いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
- 前記ハエ幼虫を、飼料に含まれる動物性原料に対して乾燥重量で約10重量%~約100重量%含有する請求項1~10いずれか一項に記載の魚類用飼料
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Cited By (5)
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JP2013047220A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-03-07 | Takeshi Miura | 血中コレステロール低減剤、及び血中コレステロール低減用食品 |
WO2014017451A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-01-30 | 国立大学法人愛媛大学 | 多糖類、多糖類を含む組成物、及び免疫賦活剤 |
CN108902468A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-30 | 新疆金胡杨牧业有限公司 | 蛆蛋白生物有机饲料及其制备方法 |
WO2022270497A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水産動物用飼料 |
WO2024058188A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水産動物の飼料用の材料 |
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CN103355242A (zh) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-10-23 | 李先强 | 蛆虫的培养与塘角鱼养殖结合的方法 |
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JP2013047220A (ja) * | 2011-07-28 | 2013-03-07 | Takeshi Miura | 血中コレステロール低減剤、及び血中コレステロール低減用食品 |
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CN108902468A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-11-30 | 新疆金胡杨牧业有限公司 | 蛆蛋白生物有机饲料及其制备方法 |
WO2022270497A1 (ja) * | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水産動物用飼料 |
WO2024058188A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-03-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 水産動物の飼料用の材料 |
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US20120189738A1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
JP5759895B2 (ja) | 2015-08-05 |
JPWO2011007867A1 (ja) | 2012-12-27 |
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CL2012000135A1 (es) | 2012-09-14 |
US20150173400A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
CN102469811A (zh) | 2012-05-23 |
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