Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
  • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
  • C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
  • C07F7/1876—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
  • B01J23/755—Nickel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/02—Iron compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F15/02—Iron compounds
  • C07F15/025—Iron compounds without a metal-carbon linkage
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
  • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
  • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/11—Compounds covalently bound to a solid support
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S71/00—Chemistry: fertilizers
  • Y10S71/02—Chelating agent

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to transition metal-containing compounds, more specifically to manganese, iron, cobalt, or nickel complexes containing pyridine di- imine ligands and their use as efficient and selective hydrosilylation catalysts.
• Hydrosilylation chemistry typically involving a reaction between a silyl hydride and an unsaturated organic group, is the basis for synthesis routes to produce commercial silicone-based products like silicone surfactants, silicone fluids and silanes as well as many addition cured products like sealants, adhesives, and silicone-based coating products.
• hydrosilylation reactions have been typically catalyzed by precious metal catalysts, such as platinum or rhodium metal complexes.
• precious metal complex catalysts are widely accepted as catalysts for hydrosilylation reactions, they have several distinct disadvantages.
• One disadvantage is that the precious metal complex catalysts are inefficient in catalyzing certain reactions. For example, in the case of hydrosilylations of allyl polyethers with silicone hydrides using precious metal complex catalysts, use of an excess amount of allyl polyether, relative to the amount of silicone hydride, is needed to compensate for the lack of efficiency of the catalyst in order to ensure complete conversion of the silicone hydride to a useful product.
• this excess allyl polyether must either be: (A) removed by an additional step, which is not cost-effective, or (B) left in the product which results in reduced performance of this product in end-use applications. Additionally, the use of an excess amount of allyl polyether typically results in a significant amount of undesired side products such as olefin isomers, which in turn can lead to the formation of undesirably odoriferous byproduct compounds.
• precious metal complex catalysts are not effective in catalyzing hydrosilylation reactions involving certain type of reactants. It is known that precious metal complex catalysts are susceptible to catalyst poisons such as phosphorous and amine compounds. Accordingly, for a hydrosilylation involving unsaturated amine compounds, the precious metal catalysts known in the art are normally less effective in promoting a direct reaction between these unsaturated amine compounds with Si-hydride substrates, and will often lead to the formation of mixtures of undesired isomers.
• the precious metal-containing catalysts can constitute a significant proportion of the cost of silicone formulations.
• a five-coordinate Fe(II) complex containing a pyridine di-imine (PDI) ligand with isopropyl substitution at the ortho positions of the aniline rings has been used to hydrosilate an unsaturated hydrocarbon (1-hexene) with primary and secondary silanes such as PhSiH 3 or Ph 2 SiH 2 (Bart et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2004, 126, 13794) (Archer, A.M. et al. Organometallics 2006, 25, 4269).
• 7,053,020 discloses a catalyst system containing, inter alia, one or more bisarylimino pyridine iron or cobalt catalyst.
• the catalysts and catalyst systems disclosed in these references are described for use in the context of olefin polymerizations and/or oligomerisations, not in the context of hydrosilylation reactions.
• the present invention is directed to a compound of Formula (I) or Formula (II)
• G is Mn, Fe, Ni, or Co
• each occurrence OfR 1 , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R ⁇ , R7, Rs, and R9 is independently hydrogen, Cl -C 18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or an inert functional group, wherein R 2 -R 9 , other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom;
• each occurrence R 23 is independently C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, wherein R 23 optionally contains at least one heteroatom;
• any two of R 1 , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R 5 , R5, R7, Rs, R9 and R23 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, or unsaturated cyclic structure;
• each occurrence of Rio, Rn, R13, Ri 4 , R15 and Ri6 is independently hydrogen, Cl -C 18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, or C2-C18 alkynyl, wherein Ri 0 , Rn, Ri 3 , Ri 4 , Ri 5 and Ri 6 , other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom, and Rio, Rn, Ri3, Ri 4 , Ri 5 and Ri6, other than hydrogen, are optionally substituted; [0020] each occurrence of R 12 is independently C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 substituted alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C2-C18 substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, wherein R 12 optionally contains at least one heteroatom;
• any two OfR 1 O, R 11 , R12, R13, R14, R15, Ri6 taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure;
• each occurrence of R 17 and R 18 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl, wherein each of R 17 and R 18 optionally contains at least one heteroatom, and wherein R 17 and R 18 taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure;
• each occurrence of R ⁇ and R 2 o is independently a covalent bond that connects Si and C, an alkyl, substituted alkyl, or a heteroatom, wherein R 1 Q, and R 2 o optionally contain at least one heteroatom; wherein L 1 -L 2 bonds with G through unsaturated sites Sl and S2.
• the present invention is directed to a process for the hydrosilylation of a composition containing a silyl hydride and a compound containing at least one unsaturated group.
• the process includes: (i) contacting the composition with a metal complex of Formula (I), Formula (II), Formula (III) or Formula (IV), optionally in the presence of a solvent, to cause the silyl hydride to react with the compound containing at least one unsaturated group to produce a hydrosilylation product containing the metal complex; (ii) optionally removing the metal complex from the hydrosilylation product.
• Formula (III) is:
• G is Mn, Fe, Ni, or Co
• each occurrence OfR 1 , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R ⁇ , R7, Rs and R9 is independently H, C 1-18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or an inert functional group, wherein R 2 -RgI, other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom;
• each occurrence of R 22 and R 2 3 is independently C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl group, wherein R 22 and R 23 optionally contain at least one heteroatom, preferably R 22 does not contain beta hydrogen (G-alpha C-beta C - beta hydrogen);
• any two of any two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, R5, R7, Rs, R9 and R 2 3 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, or unsaturated cyclic structure,
• G can be Mn, Fe, Ni, or Co in all the valence states.
• G is iron or cobalt. More preferably M is Fe, such as Fe (II) and Fe (III).
• alkyl includes straight, branched and cyclic alkyl groups. Specific and non-limiting examples of alkyls include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl and isobutyl.
• substituted alkyl herein is meant an alkyl group that contains one or more substituent groups that are inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing these groups is subjected. The substituent groups also do not substantially interfere with the process.
• aryl herein is meant a non- limiting group of any aromatic hydrocarbon from which one hydrogen atom has been removed.
• An aryl may have one or more aromatic rings, which may be fused, connected by single bonds or other groups.
• aryls include, but are not limited to, tolyl, xylyl, phenyl and naphthalenyl.
• substituted aryl herein is meant an aromatic group substituted as set forth in the above definition of “substituted alkyl.” Similar to an aryl, a substituted aryl may have one or more aromatic rings, which may be fused, connected by single bonds or other groups; however, when the substituted aryl has a heteroaromatic ring, the free valence in the substituted aryl group can be to a heteroatom (such as nitrogen) of the heteroaromatic ring instead of a carbon. If not otherwise stated, it is preferred that substituted aryl groups herein contain 1 to about 30 carbon atoms.
• alkenyl herein is meant any straight, branched, or cyclic alkenyl group containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, where the point of substitution can be either a carbon-carbon double bonds or elsewhere in the group.
• alkenyls include, but are not limited to, vinyl, propenyl, allyl, methallyl, ethylidenyl norbornane.
• alkynyl is meant any straight, branched, or cyclic alkynyl group containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, where the point of substitution can be either at a carbon-carbon triple bond or elsewhere in the group.
• unsaturated is meant one or more double or triple bonds. In a preferred embodiment, it refers to carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.
• inert functional group herein is meant a group other than hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl which is inert under the process conditions to which the compound containing the group is subjected.
• the inert functional groups also do not substantially interfere with any process described herein that the compound in which they are present may take part in.
• examples of inert functional groups include halo (fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo), ether such as -OR 30 wherein R 30 is hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl.
• Hetero atoms herein is meant any of the Group 13-17 elements except carbon, and can include for example oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
• the complexes disclosed herein include those of Formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV) having the following substituents: (1) R23 is
• R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl; and/or (3) R 1 and R 2 are both methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl groups; and/or (4) R3 is methyl; and/or (5) R4-R9 are hydrogen; and/or (6) R 1 O, R 11 , R13, R14, R15, and R 16 are hydrogen; and/or (7) R 22 is -CH 2 SiR 20 3 , wherein each occurrence of R 20 is Cl -C 18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, preferably R 20 is a methyl group.
• a complex according to Formula (II) is:
• G is Mn, Fe, Ni, or Co
• each occurrence OfR 1 , R 2 , R3, R 4 , R5, R ⁇ , R7, Rg, and R 9 is independently hydrogen, Cl-18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or an inert functional group, wherein R 2 -RgI, other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom;
• each occurrence of R 17 and R 18 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl, wherein each of R 17 and R 18 optionally contains at least one heteroatom, wherein R 17 and R 18 taken together optionally form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, or unsaturated cyclic structure;
• each occurrence of R 23 is independently C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl, wherein R 23 optionally contains at least one heteroatom;
• any two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, R5, R 7 , R 8 , R9 and R 23 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, or unsaturated cyclic structure.
• the complexes represented by the structural Formula (VI) preferably have the following substituents: (1) R 23 is and/or (2) R 1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl; and/or (3) R 1 and R 2 are both methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl groups; and/or (4) R 3 is methyl; and/or (5) R 4 -R 9 are hydrogen; and/or (6) R 17 and R 18 are methyl groups.
• a preferred complex according to Formula (VI) is represented by structural Formula (VII)
• L 1 -L 2 typically contains at least two unsaturated sites per molecule. Further examples OfL 1 -L 2 include, but are not limited to, butadienes, 1,5-cyclooctadienes, dicyclopentadienes and norbornadienes. [0052] In some embodiments, L 1 -L 2 contains at least four unsaturated sites per molecule. In this circumstance, it is possible to form a metal-PDI dimer (PDI-metal-Li- L 2 -metal-PDI) with each metal bonding to two unsaturated sites OfL 1 -L 2 . Exemplary L 1 - L 2 for the metal-PDI dimer is tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
• Various methods can be used to prepare complexes of Formula (I).
• a process for the synthesis of a complex of Formula (I) includes the step of reacting a compound of Formula (V) with a reducing agent in the presence of nitrogen, wherein Formula (V) is
• G is Mn, Fe, Ni, or Co
• each occurrence OfR 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , Rs and R 9 is independently H, C 1-18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, or an inert group, wherein
• R 2 -RgI other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom
• R 23 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl group or C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, aryl or substituted aryl group, wherein R 23 optionally contains at least one heteroatom;
• any two of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, R5, R 7 , Rs, R9 and R 23 vicinal to one another taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, or unsaturated cyclic structure,
• X is an anion, preferably F, Cl, Br, I, CF 3 R 40 SO 3 " or R 50 COO " , wherein R 40 is a covalent bond or a C1-C6 alkyl group, and R 50 is a Cl-ClO hydrocarbyl group.
• the reducing agent has a reduction potential more negative than -0.6 v (versus ferrocene, as described in Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 877-910. A larger negative number represents a larger reduction potential).
• the most preferred reducing agents have a reduction potential in the range of -2.8 to -3.1 v.
• An exemplary reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, sodium naphthalenide.
• the compounds represented by structural Formula (V) are known to a person skilled in the field.
• the compounds of Formula (V) can be prepared by reacting a PDI ligand with a metal halide, such as FeBr 2 .
• a metal halide such as FeBr 2 .
• the PDI ligands are produced through condensation of an appropriate amine or aniline with 2,6-diacetylpyridine and its derivatives. If desired, the PDI ligands can be further modified by known aromatic substitution chemistry.
• the complex of Formula (II) can be prepared by the step of reacting a complex of Formula (V) as defined above in the context of preparing the complex of Formula (I) with L 1 -L 2 , wherein L 1 -L 2 is
• each occurrence of R 1 O, Rn, Ro, Ri4, Ris and R 16 is independently hydrogen, C1-C18 alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, or aryl, wherein R 10 , R 11 , Ris, R 14 , R 1S and R 16 , other than hydrogen, optionally contain at least one heteroatom, and R 1O , R 11 , Ro, R 14 , R 15 and R 16 , other than hydrogen, are optionally substituted,
• each occurrence of R 12 is independently C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 substituted alkyl, C2-C18 alkenyl, C2-C18 substituted alkenyl, C2-C18 alkynyl, C2-C18 substituted alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, wherein R 12 optionally contains at least one heteroatom;
• each occurrence of R 17 and R 18 is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl, wherein each of R 17 and R 18 optionally contains at least one heteroatom; wherein R 17 and R 18 taken together may form a ring being a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure;
• each occurrence of R ⁇ and R 2 o is independently a covalent bond that connects Si and C, an alkyl, substituted alkyl, or a heteroatom, wherein R 1 Q, and R 2 o optionally contain at least one heteroatom.
• Complexes of Formula (III) can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula (V) such as PDIFeCl 2 with L 1 and L 2 as defined above in connection with Formula (III).
• Complexes of Formula (IV) may be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula (V) with alkylating agents, such as alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, Grignards, aluminum alkyls, mercury alkyls, and thallium alkyls.
• alkali metal salts include for example monoalkyl salts of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium.
• Alkaline earth metal salts include for example dialkyl salts of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
• Grignards suitable for the present invention include alkyl magnesium halides.
• Aluminum alkyls include for example trialkyl aluminum salts.
• Mercury alkyls refer to dialkyl mercury salts.
• Thallium alkyls include monoalkyl and trialkyl thallium salts.
• the metal complexes of Formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI) and (VII) are useful for catalyzing industrially practiced hydrosilylation reactions.
• the metal complexes of the invention have utility in the preparation of useful silicone products, including, but not limited to, coatings, for example release coatings, room temperature vulcanizates, sealants, adhesives, products for agricultural and personal care applications, and silicone surfactants for stabilizing polyurethane foams.
• the complexes of Formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI), and (VII) can be unsupported or immobilized on a support material, for example, carbon, silica, alumina, MgCl 2 or zirconia, or on a polymer or prepolymer, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, or
• the metal complexes can also be supported on dendrimers.
• silica supported catalyst may be prepared via Ring- Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) technology as discussed in the literature, for example Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2001, 202, No. 5, pages 645-653; Journal of
• the process includes contacting the composition with a metal complex of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI) or (VII), either supported or unsupported, to cause the silyl hydride to react with the compound having at least one unsaturated group to produce a hydrosilylation product which may contain the metal complex catalyst.
• the hydrosilylation reaction can be conducted optionally in the presence of a solvent. If desired, when the hydrosilylation reaction is completed, the metal complex can be removed from the reaction product by magnetic separation and/or filtration.
• the silyl hydride employed in the hydrosilylation reaction is not particularly limited. It can be any compound selected from the group consisting of R a SiH 4 _ a5
• the silyl hydride can contain linear, branched or cyclic structures, or combinations thereof.
• each occurrence of R is independently Cl -C 18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, wherein R optionally contains at least one heteroatom, each occurrence of a independently has a value from 1 to 3, each of p, u, v, y and z independently has a value from 0 to 20, w and x are from 0 to 500, provided that p + x + y equals 1 to 500 and the valences of the all the elements in the silyl hydride are satisfied.
• p, u, v, y, and z are from 0 to 10
• w and x are from 0 to 100, wherein p+ x + y equals 1 to 100.
• an "M” group represents a monofunctional group of formula R'sSiOi/2
• a "D” group represents a difunctional group of formula R' 2 Si0 2 /2
• a "T” group represents a trifunctional group of formula R'Si ⁇ 3/2
• a "Q" group represents a
• an "M H” group represents HgRVgSiOy 2
• a "T H” represents HSi ⁇ 3/ 2
• a "D H” group represents R'HSiO 2 / 2 .
• g is an integer from 0 to 3.
• Each occurrence of R' is independently Cl -C 18 alkyl, Cl -C 18 substituted alkyl, wherein R' optionally contains at least one heteroatom.
• hydrosilylation reaction includes, but is not limited to, unsaturated polyethers such as alkyl-capped allyl polyethers, vinyl functionalized alkyl capped allyl or methylallyl polyethers; terminally unsaturated amines; alkynes; C2-C18 olefins, preferably alpha olefins; unsaturated cycloalkyl epoxide such as vinyl cyclohexyl epoxide; terminally unsaturated acrylates or methyl acrylates; unsaturated aryl ethers; unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons; unsaturated cycloalkanes such as trivinyl cyclohexane; vinyl-functionalized polymer; and vinyl-functionalized silanes and vinyl-functionalized silicones.
• unsaturated polyethers such as alkyl-capped allyl polyethers, vinyl functionalized alkyl capped allyl or methylallyl polyethers
• terminally unsaturated amines alkynes
• Unsaturated polyethers suitable for the hydrosilylation reaction preferably are polyoxyalkylenes having the general formula:
• R 2 O(CHR 3 CH 2 O) W (CH 2 CH 2 O) Z -CR 4 2 -C ⁇ C-CR 4 2 - (OCH 2 CH 2 ) Z (OCH 2 CHR 3 VR 2 (Formula X) or
• R 1 denotes an unsaturated organic group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as allyl, methylallyl , propargyl or 3-pentynyl.
• unsaturation When the unsaturation is olefmic, it is desirably terminal to facilitate smooth hydrosilylation. However, when the unsaturation is a triple bond, it may be internal.
• R 2 is hydrogen, vinyl, or a polyether capping group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as the alkyl groups: CH 3 , U-C 4 H 9 , t-C 4 H 9 or 1-CgH 17 , the acyl groups such as CH 3 COO, t-C 4 H 9 COO, the beta-ketoester group such as CH 3 C(O)CH 2 C(O)O, or a trialkylsilyl group.
• R 3 and R 4 are monovalent hydrocarbon groups such as the Cl - C20 alkyl groups, for example, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, 2- ethylhexyl, dodecyl and stearyl, or the aryl groups, for example, phenyl and naphthyl, or the alkaryl groups, for example, benzyl, phenylethyl and nonylphenyl, or the cycloalkyl groups, for example, cyclohexyl and cyclooctyl.
• R 4 may also be hydrogen.
• Methyl is the most preferred R 3 and R 4 groups.
• Each occurrence of z is 0 to 100 inclusive and each occurrence of w is 0 to 100 inclusive. Preferred values of z and w are 1 to 50 inclusive.
• the metal complexes of the invention are efficient and selective in catalyzing hydrosilylation reactions.
• the metal complexes of the invention are employed in the hydrosilylation of an alkyl-capped allyl polyether and a compound
• the reaction products are essentially free of unreacted alkyl-capped allyl polyether and its isomerization products. In one embodiment, the reaction products do not contain the unreacted alkyl-capped allyl polyether and its isomerization products.
• the hydrosilylation product is essentially free of internal addition products and isomerization products of the unsaturated amine compound. As used herein, "essentially free” is meant no more than 10 wt%, preferably 5 wt% based on the total weight of the hydrosilylation product. "Essentially free of internal addition products” is meant that silicon is added to the terminal carbon.
• the metal complexes of the invention can also be used in a process for preparing a silylated polyurethane, which includes the step of contacting terminally unsaturated polyurethane polymer with a silyl hydride in the presence of a complex of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (VI), or (VII).
• a 3 L 3-neck round bottomed flask was charged with 54.6 g (0.802 mol) of sodium ethoxide. While stirring vigorously with a mechanical stirrer, a solution of 35.5 g (0.159 mol) of 2,6-diethyl pyridinedicarboxylic ester in 300 mL of ethyl acetate was added dropwise to the flask. The resulting slurry was refluxed for 20 h, followed by cooling to 0 0 C, and addition of 350 mL (4.2 mol) of concentrated HCl. The mixture was then refluxed for 20 h, forming a white precipitate and a clear yellow solution.
• the hydridosiloxane was
• MD H M bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane
• M (CHs) 3 SiOy 2
• D H CH 3 SiHO. 55.1g polyether (0.13 mole) and 22.2 g MD H M (0.1 mole) were used in the hydrosilylation.
• MD H M bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilane
• M (CHs) 3 SiOy 2
• D H CH 3 SiHO. 55.1g polyether (0.13 mole) and 22.2 g MD H M (0.1 mole) were used in the hydrosilylation.
• the reaction was performed in a 250 ml 4-necked round bottom flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, water-cooled Friedrich condenser, heating mantle and temperature controller, and a sparge tube connected to a dry nitrogen source. The flask was purged with nitrogen prior to and after addition of the reagents.

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