WO2011001722A1 - マルトトリオシル転移酵素及びその製造方法並びに用途 - Google Patents
マルトトリオシル転移酵素及びその製造方法並びに用途 Download PDFInfo
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to maltotriosyltransferase and use thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel maltotriosyltransferase and a method for producing the same, use of the enzyme in the production and processing of food, a microorganism producing the enzyme, and the like.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-156569 filed on Jul. 1, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference.
- maltotriose-producing amylases include enzymes derived from Microbacterium imperiale, enzymes derived from Streptomyces griseus, enzymes derived from Bacillus ⁇ subtilis, Natronococcus sp.
- An enzyme derived from Streptococcus bovis is known (Non-patent Document 1). However, among them, only the enzyme derived from Streptomyces griseus has been reported for the transglycosylation reaction.
- the enzyme catalyzes the transglycosylation reaction only under high substrate concentration conditions (the total of donor and acceptor substrates is 19%, 40% (w / v)), and the low substrate concentration (1% (w / v) In v)), only the hydrolysis reaction is catalyzed, and the transglycosylation reaction is not catalyzed (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3). Moreover, since heat resistance is also low, it is not utilized as an enzyme for food processing.
- glycosyltransferases used in industry include, for example, ⁇ -glucosidase used for producing isomaltoligosaccharide or nigerooligosaccharide, ⁇ -fructofuranosidase used for producing fructooligosaccharide or lactosucrose.
- ⁇ -galactosidase used for galactooligosaccharide production ⁇ -glucosyltransferase used for palatinose production
- cyclodextrin glucanotransferase used for cyclodextrin production or coupling sugar production for production of hyperbranched cyclic dextrin
- An example is the branching enzyme used.
- examples of enzymes that act on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides containing an ⁇ -1,4 bond and catalyze a transglycosylation reaction include ⁇ -glucosidase and branching enzyme.
- ⁇ -glucosidase catalyzes monosaccharide transglycosylation
- blanching enzyme catalyzes transglycosylation of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides with 4 or more sugars, specifically transglycosylating the trisaccharide maltotriose.
- the enzyme is not known.
- Non-patent Document 4 studies have been conducted to reduce aging by reducing the molecular weight of starch, and aging can be suppressed to some extent.
- Non-patent Documents there has been a problem of losing the properties of the original starch due to the low molecular weight.
- starch is colored by reaction with these substances when mixed with protein and amino acids due to an increase in reducing power due to decomposition and heated, and its use has been limited (Patent Documents). 1).
- blanching enzyme which is an enzyme that decomposes ⁇ -1,4 bonds of starch and synthesizes ⁇ -1,6 bonds by transfer reaction, has been studied, but has problems such as low heat resistance, It has not yet been used as an enzyme for food processing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel glycosyltransferase that catalyzes a glycosyltransferase reaction of maltotriose units under conditions that can be used for food processing and the like, and uses thereof.
- the present inventors have intensively studied in order to solve the above problems. As a result, it was found that microorganisms belonging to the genus Geobacillus produce maltotriosyltransferase having a desired action. In addition, the present inventors isolated and purified the maltotriosyltransferase, determined the enzyme chemical properties, and succeeded in cloning the gene encoding the enzyme (hereinafter referred to as “the present gene”). did. In addition, a method for producing maltotriosyltransferase was established by introducing this gene and a fragment of this gene into an appropriate host. The present invention has been completed based on the above-described results, and is as follows.
- Maltotriosyltransferase having the following enzymatic chemistry: (1) Action: Acts on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides having an ⁇ -1,4 glucoside bond as a binding mode, and transfers maltotriose units to saccharides; (2) Substrate specificity: Acts on soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, maltotriose, maltose Does not work; (3) Molecular weight: about 83,000 (SDS-PAGE).
- a maltotriosyltransferase comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a fragment thereof exhibiting maltotriosyltransferase activity.
- a maltotriosyltransferase comprising any one of DNAs selected from the group consisting of the following (a) to (e): (a) DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8; (b) DNA comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (c) DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a sequence complementary to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (d) DNA that is a DNA sequence degenerate of the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6; (e) DNA encoding a protein having a maltotriosyltransferase activity, comprising a sequence containing substitution, deletion, insertion, addition or inversion of one or more bases based on the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
- a recombinant vector comprising the maltotriosyltransferase gene according to [10].
- the recombinant vector according to [11] which is an expression vector.
- the transformant according to [13] or [14] which is a bacterial cell, yeast cell or fungal cell.
- a method for producing a maltotriosyltransferase comprising the following steps (1) and (2) or steps (i) and (ii): (1) culturing a microorganism of the genus Geobacillus having the ability to produce maltotriosyltransferase; (2) A step of recovering maltotriosyltransferase from the culture solution and / or cells after culturing. (I) culturing the transformant according to any one of [13] to [15] under conditions for producing a protein encoded by the maltotriosyltransferase gene; (Ii) recovering the produced protein.
- APC9669. 2 is a graph showing the optimum pH of maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp.
- APC9669. 3 is a graph showing temperature stability of maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp.
- APC9669. 3 is a graph showing the pH stability of maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp. APC9669. It is a figure which shows the result of SDS-PAGE of maltotriosyltransferase.
- Lane 1 molecular weight marker
- lane 2 maltotriosyltransferase. It is a figure which shows the experimental result of the softness maintenance effect of bread. It is a figure which shows the result of SDS-PAGE of the centrifugation supernatant liquid of the cell disruption product of E. coli transformant.
- Lane M molecular weight marker
- lane 1 centrifugal supernatant of cell disruption of E. coli vector transformant
- lane 2 maltotriosyltransferase.
- DNA encoding a protein refers to DNA from which the protein is obtained when expressed, that is, DNA having a base sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the protein. Therefore, codon degeneracy is also considered.
- isolated when used in relation to the enzyme of the present invention (maltotriosyltransferase) means that when the enzyme of the present invention is derived from a natural material, components other than the enzyme are substantially contained in the natural material.
- the state which does not contain especially does not contain a contaminating protein substantially).
- the content of contaminating protein is less than about 20%, preferably less than about 10%, more preferably less than about 5%, even more preferably in terms of weight. Is less than about 1%.
- the term “isolated” in the case where the enzyme of the present invention is prepared by a genetic engineering technique substantially includes other components derived from the used host cell, culture medium, and the like. It means no state. Specifically, for example, in the isolated enzyme of the present invention, the content of contaminant components is less than about 20%, preferably less than about 10%, more preferably less than about 5%, even more preferably in terms of weight. Less than about 1%.
- maltotriosyltransferase in this specification, it means “an isolated maltotriosyltransferase”. The same applies to the term “present enzyme” used in place of maltotriosyltransferase.
- isolated when used with respect to DNA means that, in the case of naturally occurring DNA, it is typically separated from other nucleic acids that coexist in the natural state. However, some other nucleic acid components such as a nucleic acid sequence adjacent in the natural state (for example, a promoter region sequence and a terminator sequence) may be included.
- an “isolated” state in the case of genomic DNA is preferably substantially free of other DNA components that coexist in the natural state.
- the “isolated” state in the case of DNA prepared by genetic engineering techniques such as cDNA molecules is preferably substantially free of cell components, culture medium, and the like.
- the “isolated” state in the case of DNA prepared by chemical synthesis is preferably substantially free of precursors (raw materials) such as dNTP, chemical substances used in the synthesis process, and the like.
- precursors raw materials
- dNTP chemical substances used in the synthesis process
- DNA DNA in an isolated state.
- the first aspect of the present invention provides a maltotriosyltransferase (hereinafter also referred to as “the present enzyme”) and its producing bacteria.
- the present enzyme a maltotriosyltransferase
- the present inventors have intensively studied and found that Geobacillus sp. APC9669 produces maltotriosyltransferase.
- the inventors succeeded in separating and producing the maltotriosyltransferase, and succeeded in determining the enzyme chemical properties as shown below.
- This enzyme is a maltotriosyltransferase and acts on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides having an ⁇ -1,4 glucoside bond as a binding mode to transfer maltotriose units to sugars.
- Substrate specificity This enzyme acts well on soluble starch, amylose, amylopectin, maltotetraose, maltopentaose and maltohexaose. On the other hand, it does not act on ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, maltotriose or maltose.
- the optimal temperature of this enzyme is about 50 ° C. This enzyme exhibits high activity at about 45 ° C to about 55 ° C.
- the optimum temperature is a value calculated by measurement using a method for measuring maltotriosyltransferase activity described later (in a 10 mmol / L MES buffer (pH 6.5)).
- Optimum pH The optimum pH of this enzyme is about 7.5. This enzyme exhibits high activity at a pH of about 6.5 to about 8.0. The optimum pH is determined based on, for example, the results measured in a universal buffer.
- pH stability This enzyme exhibits stable activity in a wide pH range of pH 5.0 to 10.0. That is, if the pH of the enzyme solution to be treated is within this range, the activity of 85% or more is maintained after treatment at 40 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Isoelectric point The isoelectric point of this enzyme is about 4.5 (according to the ampholine-containing electrophoresis method).
- the maltotriosyltransferase produced by Geobacillus sp. APC9669 has a substrate concentration of 0.67% (w / v) to 70% (w) when maltotetraose is used as a substrate. In the entire range of / v), it was found that the ratio of the production rate of maltoheptaose, a sugar transfer product, to the production rate of maltotriose, a degradation product, was 9: 1 to 10: 0.
- the rate of the transglycosylation reaction is overwhelmingly over a wide range of substrate concentrations, and if the sum of maltoheptaose production rate and maltotriose production rate is 100%, the former is 90% or more. It was. The speed was compared based on the molar ratio of the products.
- this enzyme As described above, the details of the properties of the enzyme that was successfully obtained were clarified. As a result, it was found that this enzyme has excellent heat resistance and substrate specificity. Therefore, this enzyme is suitable for food processing applications.
- the enzyme is preferably a maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp. APC9669.
- the term “maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp. APC9669” as used herein refers to maltotriosyltransferase produced by Geobacillus sp. APC9669 (which may be a wild strain or a mutant strain), or Geobacillus. -This means that it is a maltotriosyltransferase obtained by genetic engineering techniques using the maltotriosyltransferase gene of SP APC9669 (which may be a wild strain or a mutant strain).
- a recombinant produced by a host microorganism into which a maltotriosyltransferase gene obtained from Geobacillus sp. APC9669 (or a gene modified from the gene) has been introduced is “maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp. APC9669”. It corresponds to.
- Geobacillus sp. APC9669 which is the origin of this enzyme, is referred to as a producer of this enzyme.
- the APC9669 strain is deposited with a predetermined depository as follows and can be easily obtained. Depositary: NITE Biotechnology Headquarters Patent Microbiology Deposit Center (2-5-8 Kazusa Kamashi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture 292-0818, Japan) Deposit date (Receipt date): June 2, 2009 Deposit number: NITE BP-770
- the maltotriosyltransferase of the present invention includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 in one embodiment.
- the amino acid sequence is obtained by removing the signal peptide portion from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7.
- the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 is an amino acid sequence deduced from the base sequence (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the gene obtained by cloning from Geobacillus sp. APC9669.
- the modified protein may have a function equivalent to that of the protein before modification. That is, the modification of the amino acid sequence does not substantially affect the function of the protein, and the function of the protein may be maintained before and after the modification.
- the present invention provides, as another aspect, a protein having an amino acid sequence equivalent to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 and having maltotriosyltransferase activity (hereinafter also referred to as “equivalent protein”).
- the “equivalent amino acid sequence” here is partially different from the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, but the difference has a substantial effect on the function of the protein (here, maltotriosyltransferase activity).
- “Having maltotriosyltransferase activity” means an activity that acts on polysaccharides and oligosaccharides having ⁇ -1,4 glucoside bond as a binding mode and transfers maltotriose units to saccharides.
- the degree of activity is not particularly limited as long as it can function as a maltotriosyltransferase. However, it is preferably the same as or higher than the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
- “Partial difference in amino acid sequence” typically means deletion or substitution of 1 to several amino acids (upper limit is 3, 5, 7, 10) constituting an amino acid sequence, Alternatively, it means that a mutation (change) has occurred in the amino acid sequence due to addition, insertion, or a combination of 1 to several amino acids (upper limit is 3, 5, 7, 10), for example.
- the difference in the amino acid sequence here is allowed as long as the maltotriosyltransferase activity is retained (there may be some variation in activity).
- the positions where the amino acid sequences are different are not particularly limited, and differences may occur at a plurality of positions.
- the term “plurality” as used herein refers to, for example, a number corresponding to less than about 30% of all amino acids, preferably a number corresponding to less than about 20%, more preferably a number corresponding to less than about 10%. The number is preferably less than about 5%, and most preferably less than about 1%. That is, the equivalent protein has an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 of about 70% or more, preferably about 80% or more, more preferably about 90% or more, even more preferably about 95% or more, and most preferably about 99% or more. Have identity.
- an equivalent protein is obtained by causing conservative amino acid substitutions at amino acid residues that are not essential for maltotriosyltransferase activity.
- conservative amino acid substitution refers to substitution of a certain amino acid residue with an amino acid residue having a side chain having the same properties.
- a basic side chain eg lysine, arginine, histidine
- an acidic side chain eg aspartic acid, glutamic acid
- an uncharged polar side chain eg glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine
- Cysteine eg alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan
- ⁇ -branched side chains eg threonine, valine, isoleucine
- aromatic side chains eg tyrosine, phenylalanine, Like tryptophan and histidine.
- a conservative amino acid substitution is preferably a substitution between amino acid residues within the same family.
- “Equivalent proteins” may have additional properties. Such properties include, for example, the property of being superior in stability compared to the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, the property of exhibiting different functions only at low temperature and / or high temperature, and the property of different optimum pH. Etc.
- the identity (%) of two amino acid sequences can be determined by the following procedure, for example.
- two sequences are aligned for optimal comparison (eg, a gap may be introduced into the first sequence to optimize alignment with the second sequence).
- a gap may be introduced into the first sequence to optimize alignment with the second sequence.
- Gapped BLAST described in Altschul et al. (1997) Amino Acids Research 25 (17): 3389-3402 can be used.
- the default parameters of the corresponding programs eg, XBLAST and NBLAST
- XBLAST and NBLAST the default parameters of the corresponding programs
- Examples of other mathematical algorithms that can be used for sequence comparison include those described in Myers and Miller (1988) Comput Appl Biosci. 4: 11-17.
- Such an algorithm is incorporated in the ALIGN program available on, for example, the GENESTREAM network server (IGH (Montpellier, France) or the ISREC server.
- the enzyme may be part of a larger protein (eg, a fusion protein).
- a larger protein eg, a fusion protein
- sequences added in the fusion protein include sequences useful for purification, such as multiple histidine residues, and additional sequences that ensure stability during recombinant production.
- the present enzyme having the above amino acid sequence can be easily prepared by a genetic engineering technique. For example, it can be prepared by transforming a suitable host cell (for example, E. coli) with DNA encoding the present enzyme and recovering the protein expressed in the transformant. The recovered protein is appropriately prepared according to the purpose. Thus, if this enzyme is obtained as a recombinant protein, various decorations are possible. For example, if a DNA encoding this enzyme and another appropriate DNA are inserted into the same vector and a recombinant protein is produced using the vector, the peptide consists of a recombinant protein linked to any peptide or protein. This enzyme can be obtained.
- modification may be performed so that addition of sugar chain and / or lipid, or processing of N-terminal or C-terminal may occur.
- modification as described above, extraction of recombinant protein, simplification of purification, addition of biological function, and the like are possible.
- the second aspect of the present invention relates to a maltotriosyltransferase gene.
- the gene of the present invention comprises DNA encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or 8.
- a specific example of this embodiment is DNA consisting of the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the protein encoded by the modified DNA may have the same function as the protein encoded by the DNA before modification. That is, the modification of the DNA sequence does not substantially affect the function of the encoded protein, and the function of the encoded protein may be maintained before and after the modification. Therefore, the present invention provides, as another embodiment, a DNA (hereinafter also referred to as “equivalent DNA”) encoding a protein having a base sequence equivalent to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 and having maltotriosyltransferase activity. .
- the “equivalent base sequence” here is partially different from the nucleic acid shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, but due to the difference, the function of the protein encoded by it (in this case, maltotriosyltransferase activity) is substantial. A base sequence that is not affected.
- a specific example of equivalent DNA is DNA that hybridizes under stringent conditions to a base sequence complementary to the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6.
- the “stringent conditions” here are conditions under which so-called specific hybrids are formed and non-specific hybrids are not formed.
- Such stringent conditions are known to those skilled in the art, such as Molecular Cloning (Third Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) and Current protocols in molecular biology (edited by Frederick M. Ausubel et al., 1987) Can be set with reference to.
- hybridization solution 50% formamide, 10 ⁇ SSC (0.15M NaCl, 15 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0), 5 ⁇ Denhardt solution, 1% SDS, 10% dextran sulfate, 10 ⁇ g / ml denaturation
- 5 ⁇ Denhardt solution 1% SDS
- 10% dextran sulfate 10 ⁇ g / ml denaturation
- incubation at about 42 ° C to about 50 ° C using salmon sperm DNA, 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), followed by washing at about 65 ° C to about 70 ° C using 0.1 x SSC, 0.1% SDS can be mentioned.
- Further preferable stringent conditions include, for example, 50% formamide, 5 ⁇ SSC (0.15M NaCl, 15 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.0), 1 ⁇ Denhardt solution, 1% SDS, 10% dextran sulfate, 10 ⁇ g / ml as a hybridization solution. Of denatured salmon sperm DNA, 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.5)).
- equivalent DNA from a base sequence containing one or more (preferably 1 to several) base substitutions, deletions, insertions, additions, or inversions based on the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 And a DNA encoding a protein having maltotriosyltransferase activity.
- Base substitution or deletion may occur at a plurality of sites.
- the term “plurality” as used herein refers to, for example, 2 to 40 bases, preferably 2 to 20 bases, more preferably 2 to 10 bases, although it depends on the position and type of amino acid residues in the three-dimensional structure of the protein encoded by the DNA. It is.
- Such equivalent DNAs include, for example, restriction enzyme treatment, treatment with exonuclease and DNA ligase, position-directed mutagenesis (Molecular Cloning, Third Edition, Chapter 13, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) Including mutation, introduction, mutation, and / or inversion using mutation introduction methods (Molecular Cloning, Third Edition, Chapter 13, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) Thus, it can obtain by modifying DNA which has a base sequence shown to sequence number 6.
- the equivalent DNA can also be obtained by other methods such as ultraviolet irradiation.
- Still another example of equivalent DNA is DNA in which a base difference as described above is recognized due to a polymorphism represented by SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism).
- the gene of the present invention was isolated by using standard genetic engineering techniques, molecular biological techniques, biochemical techniques, etc. with reference to the sequence information disclosed in this specification or the attached sequence listing. Can be prepared in a state. Specifically, an oligonucleotide probe that can specifically hybridize to the gene of the present invention from a genomic DNA library or cDNA library of Geobacillus sp. APC9669, or an intracellular extract of Geobacillus sp. APC9669. A primer can be used as appropriate. Oligonucleotide probes and primers can be easily synthesized using a commercially available automated DNA synthesizer.
- a gene having the base sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 can be isolated using a hybridization method using the whole base sequence or its complementary sequence as a probe. Further, it can be amplified and isolated using a nucleic acid amplification reaction (for example, PCR) using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer designed to specifically hybridize to a part of the base sequence.
- a nucleic acid amplification reaction for example, PCR
- a synthetic oligonucleotide primer designed to specifically hybridize to a part of the base sequence.
- the target gene can also be obtained by chemical synthesis (Reference: Gene, 60 (1), 115-127 ( 1987)).
- this enzyme (maltotriosyltransferase) is isolated and purified from Geobacillus sp. APC9669, and information on the partial amino acid sequence is obtained.
- a partial amino acid sequence determination method for example, purified maltotriosyltransferase is directly analyzed according to Edman degradation method according to a conventional method [Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 256, 7990-7997 (1981)]. Protein-sequencer 476A, Applied Biosystems, etc.). It is effective to carry out limited hydrolysis with the action of a protein hydrolase, separate and purify the obtained peptide fragment, and perform amino acid sequence analysis on the obtained purified peptide fragment.
- the maltotriosyltransferase gene is cloned.
- cloning can be performed using a hybridization method or PCR.
- the hybridization method for example, the method described in Molecular Cloning (ThirdionEdition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York) can be used.
- a genomic DNA of a microorganism producing maltotriosyltransferase is used as a template, and a PCR reaction is performed using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer designed based on partial amino acid sequence information to obtain a target gene fragment.
- the PCR method is performed according to the method described in PCR technology [PCR Technology, edited by Erlich HA, published by Stocktonpress, 1989].
- the nucleotide sequence when the nucleotide sequence is determined by a method usually used for this amplified DNA fragment, for example, the dideoxy chain terminator method, it corresponds to the partial amino acid sequence of maltotriosyltransferase in addition to the synthetic oligonucleotide primer sequence in the determined sequence. And a part of the target maltotriosyltransferase gene can be obtained. By further performing a hybridization method or the like using the obtained gene fragment as a probe, a gene encoding the full length of maltotriosyltransferase can be cloned.
- the sequence of the gene encoding maltotriosyltransferase produced by Geobacillus sp. APC9669 was determined using the PCR method.
- SEQ ID NO: 6 shows the entire base sequence of the gene encoding maltotriosyltransferase derived from Geobacillus sp. APC9669.
- amino acid sequence encoded by the base sequence was determined (SEQ ID NO: 7). There are a plurality of base sequences corresponding to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 other than those shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- SEQ ID NO: 6 DNA having high homology with the maltotriosyltransferase gene of SEQ ID NO: 6 can be selected from the cDNA library.
- PCR primers can be designed. By performing a PCR reaction using this primer, a gene fragment highly homologous to the maltotriosyltransferase gene can be detected, and further the entire gene can be obtained.
- the gene encodes a protein having maltotriosyltransferase activity by producing a protein of the obtained gene and measuring the maltotriosyltransferase activity.
- the gene structure and homology are examined. Whether or not it encodes a protein having maltotriosyltransferase activity may be determined.
- modified maltotriosyltransferases deletion, addition, insertion or substitution of one or more amino acid residues
- a gene with at least one applied As a result, it is possible to obtain a gene encoding maltotriosyltransferase having maltotriosyltransferase activity but having different properties such as optimum temperature, stable temperature, optimum pH, stable pH, and substrate specificity.
- a modified maltotriosyltransferase by genetic engineering.
- the plan for introducing a mutation is carried out, for example, taking into account the characteristic sequence on the gene sequence.
- Reference to a characteristic sequence can be performed, for example, by considering the three-dimensional structure of the protein and considering homology with known proteins.
- a method for introducing random mutations as a method for chemically treating DNA, a method in which sodium bisulfite is reacted to cause a transition mutation that converts cytosine bases into uracil bases [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences] Sees of the USA, Vol. 79, pp. 1408-1412 (1982)], a biochemical method of generating base substitution in the process of synthesizing double strands in the presence of [ ⁇ -S] dNTP [Gene (Gene), Vol. 64, pp.
- Examples of methods for introducing site-specific mutations include a method using an amber mutation [gapped duplex method, Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 12, No. 24, pages 9441-9456 ( 1984)], a method using a recognition site of a restriction enzyme [Analytical Biochemistry, Vol. 200, pp. 81-88 (1992), Gene, Vol. 102, pp. 67-70 (1991)], dut ( dUTPase) and ung (uracil DNA glycosylase) mutation method (Kunkel method, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, Vol. 82, pp.
- DNA A method using amber mutation using polymerase and DNA ligase [Oligonuc-directed dual amber (Oligonuc leotide-directed Dual : Amber (ODA) method, Gene, Vol. 152, pp. 271-275 (1995), JP-A-7-289262], a method using a host in which a DNA repair system is induced (JP-A 8-70874), a method using a protein that catalyzes a DNA strand exchange reaction (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-140685), a PCR method using two types of mutagenesis primers with restriction enzyme recognition sites added (US Pat. No.
- a site-specific mutation can be easily introduced by using a commercially available kit.
- kits for example, Mutan (registered trademark) -G (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) using the gapped duplex method, Mutan (registered trademark) -K (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) using the Kunkel method, and ODA method were used.
- Mutan (registered trademark) -ExpressKm manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.
- QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit using Stratagene (Pyrococcus furiosus) DNA polymerase etc.
- TaKaRa LA PCR in vitro Mutagenesis Kit manufactured by Takara Shuzo
- Mutan registered trademark
- -Super Express Km manufactured by Takara Shuzo
- maltotriosyltransferase by providing the primary structure and gene structure of maltotriosyltransferase according to the present invention, inexpensive and high-purity genetic engineering production of a protein having maltotriosyltransferase activity becomes possible.
- a further aspect of the present invention relates to a recombinant vector containing the maltotriosyltransferase gene of the present invention.
- the term “vector” refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting a nucleic acid molecule inserted thereinto into a target such as a cell, and the type and form thereof are not particularly limited. Accordingly, the vector of the present invention can take the form of a plasmid vector, a cosmid vector, a phage vector, or a viral vector (an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, a retrovirus vector, a herpes virus vector, etc.).
- An appropriate vector is selected according to the purpose of use (cloning, protein expression) and in consideration of the type of host cell.
- Specific examples of vectors include vectors using E. coli as a host (M13 phage or a modified product thereof, ⁇ phage or a modified product thereof, pBR322 or a modified product thereof (pB325, pAT153, pUC8, etc.)), and yeast as a host.
- Vectors pYepSec1, pMFa, pYES2, etc.
- vectors using insect cells as hosts pAc, pVL, etc.
- vectors using mammalian cells as hosts pCDM8, pMT2PC, etc.
- the recombinant vector of the present invention is preferably an expression vector.
- “Expression vector” refers to a vector capable of introducing a nucleic acid inserted therein into a target cell (host cell) and allowing expression in the cell.
- Expression vectors usually contain a promoter sequence necessary for expression of the inserted nucleic acid, an enhancer sequence that promotes expression, and the like.
- An expression vector containing a selectable marker can also be used. When such an expression vector is used, the presence or absence of the expression vector (and the degree thereof) can be confirmed using a selection marker.
- Insertion of the gene of the present invention into a vector, insertion of a selectable marker gene (if necessary), insertion of a promoter (if necessary), etc. are performed using standard recombinant DNA techniques (for example, Molecular Cloning, Third Edition, 1.84, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press and New York, which can be referred to, are known methods using restriction enzymes and DNA ligases).
- the present invention further relates to a host cell (transformant) into which the gene of the present invention has been introduced.
- the gene of the present invention exists as an exogenous molecule.
- the transformant of the present invention is preferably prepared by transfection or transformation using the vector of the present invention. Transfection and transformation include calcium phosphate coprecipitation, electroporation (Potter, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 7161-7165 (1984)), lipofection (Felgner, PL et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84,7413-7417 (1984)), microinjection (Graessmann, M.
- Host cells are not particularly limited as long as the maltotriosyltransferase of the present invention is expressed, for example, Bacillus bacteria such as Bacillus subtillus, Bacillus likemiformis, Bacillus circulans, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Bifidobacterium such as Bifidobacterium Other bacteria such as Escherichia and Streptomyces, yeasts such as Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Candida, Torula and Torulopsis, filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus genus such as Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger, fungi such as genus Penicillium, Trichoderma genus and Fusarium genus Selected.
- Bacillus bacteria such as Bacillus subtillus, Bacillus likemiformis, Bacillus circulans, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Str
- a further aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing maltotriosyltransferase.
- a step (step (1)) of cultivating a microorganism of the genus Geobacillus having the ability to produce the present enzyme (maltotriosyltransferase) and a culture solution and / or a cell after the culture thus, a step (step (2)) of recovering maltotriosyltransferase is performed.
- the microorganism of the genus Geobacillus in step (1) is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to produce this enzyme.
- the above-mentioned Geobacillus sp. APC9669 can be used.
- the culture method and culture conditions are not particularly limited as long as the target enzyme is produced. That is, on the condition that the present enzyme is produced, a method and culture conditions suitable for culturing the microorganism to be used can be appropriately set.
- the culture method may be either liquid culture or solid culture, but preferably liquid culture is used. Taking liquid culture as an example, the culture conditions will be described.
- any medium can be used as long as the microorganism to be used can grow.
- carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, gentiobiose, soluble starch, glycerin, dextrin, molasses, organic acid, ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium acetate, or peptone, yeast extract, corn steep liquor, casein
- Nitrogen sources such as hydrolysates, bran and meat extracts, and further added with inorganic salts such as potassium salts, magnesium salts, sodium salts, phosphates, manganese salts, iron salts and zinc salts can be used.
- vitamins, amino acids and the like may be added to the medium.
- the pH of the medium is adjusted to, for example, about 3 to 10, preferably about 7 to 8, and the culture temperature is usually about 10 to 80 ° C., preferably about 30 to 65 ° C. for 1 to 7 days, preferably 2 to Incubate under aerobic conditions for about 4 days.
- the culture method for example, a shaking culture method or an aerobic deep culture method using jar fermenter can be used.
- maltotriosyltransferase is recovered from the culture solution or cells (step (2)).
- the culture supernatant is filtered, centrifuged, etc. to remove insolubles, concentrated by ultrafiltration membrane, salting out such as ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange resin, etc.
- the present enzyme can be obtained by performing separation and purification by appropriately combining various types of chromatography.
- the enzyme when recovering from the bacterial cells, can be obtained, for example, by crushing the bacterial cells by pressure treatment, ultrasonic treatment, etc., and then separating and purifying in the same manner as described above.
- recovering a microbial cell from a culture solution previously by filtration, a centrifugation process, etc. you may perform the said series of processes (crushing, isolation
- the expression can also be confirmed by measuring the activity of maltotriosyltransferase.
- maltotriosyltransferase is produced using the above transformant.
- the above-mentioned transformant is cultured under the condition that a protein encoded by the gene introduced therein is produced (step (i)).
- Culture conditions for transformants are known for various vector host systems, and those skilled in the art can easily set appropriate culture conditions.
- the produced protein ie, maltotriosyltransferase
- recovery and subsequent purification may be performed in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
- the purity of this enzyme is not particularly limited.
- the final form may be liquid or solid (including powder).
- the enzyme of the present invention is provided, for example, in the form of an enzyme agent.
- the enzyme agent may contain excipients, buffers, suspension agents, stabilizers, preservatives, preservatives, physiological saline and the like in addition to the active ingredient (enzyme of the present invention).
- excipient starch, dextrin, maltose, trehalose, lactose, D-glucose, sorbitol, D-mannitol, sucrose, glycerol and the like can be used.
- As the buffering agent phosphate, citrate, acetate and the like can be used.
- As the stabilizer propylene glycol, ascorbic acid or the like can be used.
- preservatives phenol, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, methylparaben, and the like can be used.
- preservatives ethanol, benzalkonium chloride, paraoxybenzoic acid, chlorobutanol and the like can be used.
- a further aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing and processing food as a use of maltotriosyltransferase (the present enzyme).
- the present enzyme is allowed to act on a food or a raw material containing a polysaccharide and / or oligosaccharide having an ⁇ -1,4 glucoside bond, thereby improving the functionality of the food.
- foods include bread, cooked rice and rice cake.
- food materials include materials containing various starches, amylose, amylopectin, and maltooligosaccharides.
- the purity of the raw material is not particularly limited, and the present enzyme may be allowed to act on the raw material mixed with other substances. Moreover, you may decide to make this enzyme act simultaneously with respect to 2 or more types of raw materials.
- the activity of maltotriosyltransferase was measured as follows. That is, 0.5 mL of the enzyme solution was added to 2 mL of 10 mmol / L MES buffer (pH 6.5) containing 1% maltotetraose (produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories) and left at 40 ° C. for 60 minutes. After standing, it was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes and then cooled in running water. The produced glucose was quantified with Glucose CII-Test Wako (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Under this condition, the amount of enzyme that produces 1 ⁇ mol of glucose in 2.5 mL of the reaction solution per minute was defined as 1 unit.
- ⁇ Maltotriosyltransferase activity confirmation method> The activity of maltotriosyltransferase was confirmed as follows together with the above ⁇ Method for measuring activity of maltotriosyltransferase>. That is, 15 ⁇ L of 1.0 u / mL enzyme solution was added to 985 ⁇ L of 5 mmol / L acetate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 10.3 mmol / L maltotetraose (produced by Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories), and 1,2, Left for 3 hours. After standing, it was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes and then cooled in running water.
- the cooled reaction solution was appropriately desalted using a cationic resin and an anion resin, and the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC.
- the HPLC apparatus was “Prominence UFLC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, the column was “MCI GEL CK04S” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical, the eluent was water at a flow rate of 0.4 mL / min, and the detection was analyzed with a differential refractometer. The area% of the obtained substrate and product was converted to a molar amount, and the consumption rate and the production rate were calculated.
- Geobacillus sp. APC9669-derived maltotriosyltransferase Geobacillus sp. APC9669 was cultured with shaking in a liquid medium having the composition shown in Table 1 at 45 ° C. for 2 days. The obtained culture supernatant was concentrated 5 times with a UF membrane (AIP-1013D, manufactured by Asahi Kasei), and ammonium sulfate was added to a 50% saturation concentration. The precipitated fraction was redissolved in 20 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 5 mmol / L calcium chloride, and then ammonium sulfate was added to a final concentration of 0.5 mol / L.
- Tris-HCl buffer pH 8.0
- the column was applied to a column (manufactured by GE Healthcare), and the adsorbed maltotriosyltransferase protein was eluted with a linear ammonium sulfate concentration gradient from 0.5 mol / L to 0 mol / L.
- the collected fractions of maltotriosyltransferase activity were concentrated on a UF membrane, and then buffer exchanged with 20 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 5 mmol / L calcium chloride.
- the buffer exchange sample was applied to a HiLoad 26/10 Q Q Sepharose HP column (manufactured by GE Healthcare) equilibrated with 20 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 5 mmol / L calcium chloride. From 0 mol / L The adsorbed maltotriosyltransferase protein was eluted with a 1 mol / L NaCl linear gradient.
- the buffer was changed to 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) containing 0.15 M NaCl, and then 50 mM phosphorus containing 0.15 M NaCl.
- the sample was applied to a HiLoad 26/60 Superdex 200pg column (manufactured by GE Healthcare) equilibrated with an acid buffer (pH 7.2) and eluted with the same buffer.
- the fraction of maltotriosyltransferase activity was collected and desalted and concentrated with an ultrafiltration membrane to obtain a purified enzyme preparation.
- the purified enzyme thus obtained was subjected to examination of the following properties.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of SDS-PAGE (CBB staining) of the sample at each step in the purification process using a 10-20% gradient gel.
- This purified enzyme preparation (lane 2) is a single protein on SDS-PAGE.
- each buffer solution (universal buffer pH4.0, pH4.5, pH5.0, pH5.5, pH6.0, pH6.5, pH7.0, pH7.5) , PH 8.0, pH 9.0, pH 10.0, pH 11.0) under the reaction conditions of 40 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- the relative activity was shown with the pH value indicating the maximum activity value being 100%.
- the optimum reaction pH was around 7.5 (FIG. 2).
- Isoelectric point The isoelectric point of this enzyme was about 4.5 as measured by isoelectric point accumulation (600V, 4 ° C, energized for 48 hours) using an ampholine.
- Substrate specificity The maltotriosyltransferase activity for each substrate was examined.
- substrate specificity was examined by the following method. Enzyme was added at a concentration of 0.002 u / mL with respect to 10 mmol / L of each maltooligosaccharide, and allowed to stand at 50 ° C. for 1, 2 or 3 hours. After standing, it was heated in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes and then cooled in running water. The cooled reaction solution was appropriately desalted using a cationic resin and an anion resin, and the reaction solution was analyzed by HPLC.
- the HPLC apparatus was “Prominence UFLC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, the column was “MCI GEL CK04S” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical, the eluent was water at a flow rate of 0.4 mL / min, and the detection was analyzed with a differential refractometer. The area% of the obtained substrate and product was converted to a molar amount, and the consumption rate and the production rate were calculated.
- the reaction rate for each maltooligosaccharide was calculated as follows. The rate for maltotetraose was the sum of the rate of heptasaccharide production and the rate of trisaccharide production.
- the rate for maltopentaose was the sum of the octasaccharide production rate and the trisaccharide production rate.
- the rate for maltohexaose was calculated as 1/2 of the difference between the trisaccharide production rate and the nine sugar production rate, and the sum of the value and the nine sugar production rate. No reaction product was observed for maltose and maltotriose. It worked well against maltotetraose, maltopentaose and maltohexaose.
- the HPLC apparatus was “Prominence UFLC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, the column was “MCI GEL CK04S” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical, the eluent was water at a flow rate of 0.4 mL / min, and the detection was analyzed with a differential refractometer.
- the HPLC apparatus was “Prominence UFLC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, the column was “MCI GEL CK04S” manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical, the eluent was water at a flow rate of 0.4 mL / min, and the detection was analyzed with a differential refractometer. The area% of the obtained substrate and product was converted to a molar amount, and the production rate was calculated. As a result, the transglycosylation reaction was 90% or more under all substrate concentration conditions (0.67 to 70% (w / v)).
- the bread was sliced to a thickness of 2 cm, and the center of the bread was cut into a cylinder having a diameter of 47 mm.
- the maximum load was measured when the bread was compressed 1.5 cm at a compression speed of 2 mm / min.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the enzyme-free group and the enzyme-added group the hardnesses of the breads stored for 5 days were compared when the hardness of the breads stored for 1 day was 100%. As a result, the enzyme-added group was 125%, and compared with the non-added group (207%), the hardening of the bread was suppressed and the softness was maintained.
- ⁇ PCR reaction solution > 10 ⁇ PCR reaction buffer (TaKaRa) 5.0 ⁇ l dNTP mixture (2.5 mM each, TaKaRa) 8.0 ⁇ l 25 mM MgCl 2 5.0 ⁇ l 50 ⁇ M sense primer 0.5 ⁇ l 50 ⁇ M antisense primer 0.5 ⁇ l Distilled water 29.5 ⁇ l Chromosomal DNA solution (100 ⁇ g / ml) 1.0 ⁇ l LA Taq DNA polymerase (TaKaRa) 0.5 ⁇ l
- the obtained DNA fragment of about 1.1 kb was cloned into pGEM-Teasy (Promega) and the nucleotide sequence was confirmed.
- the partial amino acid sequence was encoded immediately after the sense primer and immediately before the antisense primer. The base sequence was found. This DNA fragment was used as a DNA probe for full-length gene cloning.
- SEQ ID NO: 6 shows the base sequence (2304 bp) encoding the Geotobacillus sp. APC9669-derived maltotriosyltransferase.
- the amino acid sequence (767 amino acids) encoded by SEQ ID NO: 6 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 the N-terminal region amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and the internal amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2, 3) determined in (b) were found.
- SEQ ID NO: 8 The amino acid sequence obtained by removing the signal peptide from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 is shown in SEQ ID NO: 8.
- PCR reaction solution > 10 ⁇ PCR reaction buffer (TOYOBO) 5.0 ⁇ l dNTP mixture (2.5 mM each, TOYOBO) 5.0 ⁇ l 10 ⁇ M sense primer 1.5 ⁇ l 10 ⁇ M antisense primer 1.5 ⁇ l 25 mM MgSO 4 2.0 ⁇ l Distilled water 33.0 ⁇ l Chromosomal DNA solution (200 ⁇ g / ml) 1.0 ⁇ l KOD -Plus- DNA polymerase (TOYOBO) 1.0 ⁇ l ⁇ PCR reaction conditions> Stage 1: Denaturation (94 ° C, 2 minutes) 1 cycle Stage 2: Denaturation (94 ° C, 15 seconds) 30 cycles Annealing (50 ° C, 30 seconds) Elongation (68 °C, 2 minutes 30 seconds)
- the obtained PCR product was confirmed by electrophoresis, and then desalted (84 ⁇ l) by ethanol precipitation. Subsequently, 10 ⁇ l of 10 ⁇ M buffer solution and 3 ⁇ l of SacI and 3 ⁇ l of XbaI were added, followed by enzyme treatment at 37 ° C. for 15 hours. After confirming the restriction enzyme treatment solution by electrophoresis and purifying with NucleoSpin ExtractII (Nippon Genetics), ligation to the vector pCold II DNA (Takara Bio) pretreated with SacI and XbaI was performed to express the expression plasmid pColdII-SAS. Obtained.
- the cells were suspended in 1.0 ml of 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.5), 0.50 g of ⁇ 0.1 mm glass beads were added, and the cells were crushed with a multi-bead shocker (Yasui Kikai Co., Ltd.). The crushing conditions were 3.75 cycles of ON 120 seconds and OFF 60 seconds. The obtained cell free-extract was subjected to centrifugation to obtain a soluble component.
- Table 8 shows the results of measuring the activity of the same sample according to the above-described method for measuring the activity of maltotriosyltransferase. A clear maltotriosyltransferase activity was detected as compared with the control, and the expression of the target maltotriosyltransferase was confirmed.
- the maltotriosyltransferase of the present invention exhibits excellent heat resistance and is suitable for applications in which a reaction at a high temperature is desired.
- the enzyme reaction can be carried out at a high temperature at which there is little fear of contamination with bacteria.
- the starch aging inhibitory effect is recognized. Therefore, the maltotriosyltransferase of the present invention is particularly useful for food processing and the like.
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Abstract
Description
[1]α-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及びオリゴ糖類に作用し、マルトトリオース単位を糖類に転移させる活性を有する酵素であって、マルトテトラオースを基質として作用させた場合、基質濃度が0.67%(w/v)~70%(w/v)の全範囲において、マルトヘプタオース生成速度とマルトトリオース生成速度の比が9:1~10:0となる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[2]マルトトリオシル転移酵素が、微生物由来の酵素である[1]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[3]マルトトリオシル転移酵素が、ジオバチルス属の微生物由来の酵素である、[1]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[4]ジオバチルス属の微生物がジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669(受託番号 NITE BP-770)である、[3]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[5]下記の酵素化学的性質を備えるマルトトリオシル転移酵素:
(1)作用:結合様式としてα-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及びオリゴ糖類に作用し、マルトトリオース単位を糖類に転移させる;
(2)基質特異性:可溶性デンプン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、マルトテトラオース、マルトペンタオース、マルトヘキサオースに作用し、α-サイクロデキストリン、β-サイクロデキストリン、γ-サイクロデキストリン、マルトトリオース、マルトースには作用しない;
(3)分子量:約83,000(SDS-PAGE)。
[6][1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素を有効成分とする酵素剤。
[7]ジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669(受託番号 NITE BP-770)又はその変異菌である、マルトトリオシル転移酵素産生能を有する微生物。
[8]配列番号8のアミノ酸配列、又はマルトトリオシル転移酵素活性を示すその断片からなる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[9]配列番号6の配列を含むDNAによってコードされる、[8]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
[10]以下の(a)~(e)からなる群より選択されるいずれかのDNAからなるマルトトリオシル転移酵素:
(a) 配列番号7又は8のアミノ酸配列をコードするDNA;
(b) 配列番号6の配列を含むDNA;
(c) 配列番号6の配列に相補的な配列に対してストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするDNA;
(d) 配列番号6の配列のDNA配列縮重体であるDNA;
(e) 配列番号6の配列を基準として1若しくは複数の塩基の置換、欠失、挿入、付加又は逆位を含む配列からなり、マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性を有するタンパク質をコードするDNA。
[11][10]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子を含む組換えベクター。
[12]発現ベクターである、[11]に記載の組換えベクター。
[13][10]に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子が導入されている形質転換体。
[14][11]又は[12]に記載の組換えベクターが導入されている形質転換体。
[15]細菌細胞、酵母細胞又は真菌細胞である、[13]又は[14]に記載の形質転換体。
[16]以下のステップ(1)及び(2)、又はステップ(i)及び(ii)を含んでなる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素の製造法:
(1)マルトトリオシル転移酵素産生能を有する、ジオバチルス属の微生物を培養するステップ;
(2)培養後の培養液及び/又は菌体より、マルトトリオシル転移酵素を回収するステップ。
(i)[13]~[15]のいずれか一項に記載の形質転換体を前記マルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子がコードするタンパク質が産生される条件下で培養するステップ;
(ii)産生された前記タンパク質を回収するステップ。
[17]ジオバチルス属の微生物がジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669である、[16]に記載の製造法。
[18]α-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類又はオリゴ糖類を含む食品を製造・加工するための、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素又は[6]に記載の酵素剤の使用。
[19][1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の酵素又は[6]に記載の酵素剤の使用によって機能性が改善した食品又は食品材料。
本発明において「タンパク質をコードするDNA」とは、それを発現させた場合に当該タンパク質が得られるDNA、即ち、当該タンパク質のアミノ酸配列に対応する塩基配列を有するDNAのことをいう。従ってコドンの縮重も考慮される。
本発明の第1の局面はマルトトリオシル転移酵素(以下、「本酵素」ともいう)及びその生産菌を提供する。後述の実施例に示す通り、本発明者らは鋭意検討の結果、ジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669がマルトトリオシル転移酵素を産生することを見出した。また、当該マルトトリオシル転移酵素を分離・生成することに成功するとともに、以下に示す通り、その酵素化学的性質を決定することに成功した。
本酵素はマルトトリオシル転移酵素であり、結合様式としてα-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及びオリゴ糖類に作用し、マルトトリオース単位を糖類に転移させる。
本酵素は可溶性デンプン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、マルトテトラオース、マルトペンタオース、マルトヘキサオースに良好に作用する。これに対して、α-サイクロデキストリン、β-サイクロデキストリン、γ-サイクロデキストリン、マルトトリオース、マルトースには作用しない。
本酵素の分子量は約83,000(SDS-PAGEによる)である。
本酵素の至適温度は約50℃である。本酵素は約45℃~約55℃において高い活性を示す。至適温度は、後述のマルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定方法(10mmol/L MES緩衝液(pH6.5)中)による測定で算出された値である。
本酵素の至適pHは約7.5である。本酵素はpH約6.5~約8.0において高い活性を示す。至適pHは、例えば、ユニバーサル緩衝液中で測定した結果を基に判断される。
本酵素は65℃以下で安定した活性を示す。10mmol/L MES緩衝液(pH6.5)中、65℃の条件で30分間処理しても、本酵素は90%以上の活性を維持する。
本酵素はpH5.0~10.0という広いpH域で安定した活性を示す。即ち、処理に供する酵素溶液のpHがこの範囲内にあれば、40℃、30分間の処理後、85%以上の活性を維持する。
本酵素の等電点は約4.5(アンフォライン含有電気泳動法による)である。
寄託機関:NITEバイオテクノロジー本部 特許微生物寄託センター(〒292-0818 日本国千葉県木更津市かずさ鎌足2-5-8)
寄託日(受領日):2009年6月2日
受託番号:NITE BP-770
本発明の第2の局面はマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子に関する。一態様において本発明の遺伝子は、配列番号7又は8のアミノ酸配列をコードするDNAを含む。当該態様の具体例は、配列番号6の塩基配列からなるDNAである。
等価DNAの更に他の例として、SNP(一塩基多型)に代表される多型に起因して上記のごとき塩基の相違が認められるDNAを挙げることができる。
本発明のさらなる局面は本発明のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子を含有する組換えベクターに関する。本明細書において用語「ベクター」は、それに挿入された核酸分子を細胞等のターゲット内へと輸送することができる核酸性分子をいい、その種類、形態は特に限定されるものではない。従って、本発明のベクターはプラスミドベクター、コスミドベクター、ファージベクター、ウイルスベクター(アデノウイルスベクター、アデノ随伴ウイルスベクター、レトロウイルスベクター、ヘルペスウイルスベクター等)の形態をとり得る。
本発明は更に、本発明の遺伝子が導入された宿主細胞(形質転換体)に関する。本発明の形質転換体では、本発明の遺伝子が外来性の分子として存在することになる。本発明の形質転換体は、好ましくは、上記本発明のベクターを用いたトランスフェクション乃至はトランスフォーメーションによって調製される。トランスフェクション、トランスフォーメーションはリン酸カルシウム共沈降法、エレクトロポーレーション(Potter, H. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 7161-7165(1984))、リポフェクション(Felgner, P.L. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84,7413-7417(1984))、マイクロインジェクション(Graessmann, M. & Graessmann,A., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73,366-370(1976))、Hanahanの方法(Hanahan, D., J. Mol. Biol. 166, 557-580(1983))、酢酸リチウム法(Schiestl, R.H. et al., Curr. Genet. 16, 339-346(1989))、プロトプラスト-ポリエチレングリコール法(Yelton, M.M. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 81, 1470-1474(1984))等によって実施することができる。
本発明の更なる局面はマルトトリオシル転移酵素の製造法を提供する。本発明の製造法の一態様では、本酵素(マルトトリオシル転移酵素)の生産能を有する、ジオバチルス属の微生物を培養するステップ(ステップ(1))及び培養後の培養液及び/又は菌体より、マルトトリオシル転移酵素を回収するステップ(ステップ(2))が行われる。
本発明の酵素は例えば酵素剤の形態で提供される。酵素剤は、有効成分(本発明の酵素)の他、賦形剤、緩衝剤、懸濁剤、安定剤、保存剤、防腐剤、生理食塩水などを含有していてもよい。賦形剤としてはデンプン、デキストリン、マルトース、トレハロース、乳糖、D-グルコース、ソルビトール、D-マンニトール、白糖、グリセロール等を用いることができる。緩衝剤としてはリン酸塩、クエン酸塩、酢酸塩等を用いることができる。安定剤としてはプロピレングリコール、アスコルビン酸等を用いることができる。保存剤としてはフェノール、塩化ベンザルコニウム、ベンジルアルコール、クロロブタノール、メチルパラベン等を用いることができる。防腐剤としてはエタノール、塩化ベンザルコニウム、パラオキシ安息香酸、クロロブタノール等と用いることができる。
本発明の更なる局面はマルトトリオシル転移酵素(本酵素)の用途として食品の製造・加工方法を提供する。本発明の製造・加工方法ではα-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及び/又はオリゴ糖類を含む食品又は食品原料に本酵素を作用させ、当該食品の機能性を改善する。食品の例としてはパン、米飯、餅を挙げることができる。食品原料の例としては各種デンプン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、マルトオリゴ糖を含む原料を挙げることが出来る。原料の純度は特に限定されず、他の物質と混在した状態の原料に対して本酵素を作用させることにしてもよい。また、二種以上の原料に対して同時に本酵素を作用させることにしてもよい。
マルトトリオシル転移酵素の活性は以下の通り測定した。即ち、1%マルトテトラオース(林原生物化学研究所製)を含む10mmol/L MES緩衝液(pH6.5)2mLに酵素溶液0.5mLを添加して、40℃で60分間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。生成したグルコースをグルコース CII-テスト ワコー(和光純薬製)で定量した。本条件下、1分間に反応液2.5mL中に1μmolのグルコースを生成する酵素量を1単位とした。
マルトトリオシル転移酵素の活性は上記<マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定方法>と共に、以下の通り確認した。即ち、10.3mmol/L マルトテトラオース(林原生物化学研究所製)を含む5mmol/L 酢酸緩衝液(pH6.0)985μLに1.0u/mL酵素溶液15μLを添加し、50℃で1,2,3時間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。冷却した反応液をカチオン樹脂、アニオン樹脂を用いて適宜脱塩し、HPLCにて反応液の分析を行った。HPLC装置は島津製作所製「Prominence UFLC」、カラムは三菱化学製「MCI GEL CK04S」、溶離液は水を流速0.4mL/分で、検出は示差屈折計で分析した。得られた基質及び生成物の面積%をモル量に換算し、消費速度及び生成速度を計算した。精製したマルトトリオシル転移酵素の場合、例えば生成速度比が7糖:3糖=約92:約8となった。
ジオバチルス・エスピーAPC9669を表1に示す組成の液体培地を用いて45℃、2日間振とう培養した。得られた培養上清液をUF膜(AIP-1013D、旭化成製)にて5倍に濃縮後、50%飽和濃度になるよう硫酸アンモニウムを添加した。沈殿画分を5mmol/L 塩化カルシウムを含む20mmol/L トリス-塩酸緩衝液(pH8.0)に再度溶解し、続いて終濃度0.5mol/Lとなるように硫酸アンモニウムを添加した。生じた沈殿を遠心分離にて除去した後、0.5mol/L 硫酸アンモニウム及び5mmol/L 塩化カルシウムを含む20mmol/L トリス-塩酸緩衝液(pH8.0)にて平衡化したHiLoad 26/10 Phenyl Sepharose HPカラム(GEヘルスケア製)に供し、0.5mol/Lから0mol/Lの硫酸アンモニウム直線濃度勾配により、吸着したマルトトリオシル転移酵素タンパク質を溶離させた。
(1)至適反応温度
上記マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定法に準じ、反応温度を30℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃及び75℃で反応させた。最高活性を示した温度での値を100%とした相対活性で示した。至適反応温度は50℃付近であった(図1)。
上記マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定法に準じ、各緩衝液(ユニバーサル緩衝液pH4.0、pH4.5、pH5.0、pH5.5、pH6.0、pH6.5、pH7.0、pH7.5、pH8.0、pH9.0、pH10.0、pH11.0)中、40℃、60分間の反応条件下で測定した。最大活性値を示したpHの値を100%とした相対活性で示した。至適反応pHは約7.5付近であった(図2)。
6u/mLの酵素液を30℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃及び75℃の各温度下、10mmol/L MES緩衝液(pH6.5)中、30分間熱処理した後、残存活性を上記マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定法にて測定した。熱に対して未処理の活性を100%とした残存活性で示した。65℃、30分間の熱処理では、90%以上の残存活性を有しており、65℃まででは安定であった(図3)。
6u/mLの酵素液を各緩衝液(ユニバーサル緩衝液pH3.0、pH4.0、pH4.5、pH5.0、pH5.5、pH6.0、pH6.5、pH7.0、pH7.5、pH8.0、pH9.0、pH10.0、pH11.0)中、40℃で30分処理後、上記マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性測定法にて活性を測定した。pH5.0からpH10.0の範囲では、85%以上の残存活性を有しており、pH5.0からpH10.0の範囲では安定であった(図4)。
SDS-PAGEはLaemmliらの方法に従い行った。なお、用いた分子量マーカーは、Low Molecular Weight Calibration Kit for Electrophoresis(GEヘルスケア製)であり、標準タンパク質としてPhosphorylase b(97,000Da)、Albumin(66,000Da)、Ovalbumin(45,000Da)、Carbonic anhydrase(30,000Da)、Trypsin inhibitor(20,100Da)、α-Lactalbumin(14,400Da)を含んでいた。ゲル濃度10-20%のグラジエントゲル(和光純薬製)を用いて、20mA/ゲルで約80分間電気泳動を行い、分子量を求めた結果、分子量は約83kDaであった(図5)。
アンホラインを用いた等電点集積(600V、4℃、48時間通電)により測定したところ、本酵素の等電点は約4.5であった。
各基質に対するマルトトリオシル転移酵素活性を調べた。
a)マルトオリゴ糖に対する基質特異性
マルトオリゴ糖類については、以下の方法により基質特異性を調べた。10mmol/Lの各マルトオリゴ糖に対して0.002u/mLとなるようにの酵素を添加し、50℃、1、2、3時間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。冷却した反応液をカチオン樹脂、アニオン樹脂を用いて適宜脱塩し、HPLCにて反応液の分析を行った。HPLC装置は島津製作所製「Prominence UFLC」、カラムは三菱化学製「MCI GEL CK04S」、溶離液は水を流速0.4mL/分で、検出は示差屈折計で分析した。得られた基質及び生成物の面積%をモル量に換算し、消費速度及び生成速度を算出した。各マルトオリゴ糖に対する反応速度は以下のように算出した。マルトテトラオースに対する速度は、7糖生成速度と3糖生成速度の和とした。マルトペンタオースに対する速度は、8糖生成速度と3糖生成速度の和とした。マルトヘキサオースに対する速度は、3糖生成速度と9糖生成速度の差の1/2を求め、さらにその値と9糖生成速度の和とした。
シクロデキストリン、可溶性デンプン、アミロース、アミロペクチンについては、以下の方法により基質特異性を調べた。10mmol/Lの各マルトオリゴ糖に対して0.002u/mLとなるように酵素を添加し、0.1u/mLの酵素を50℃、0、1、2、3時間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。その液200μLに対して、リゾプス由来グルコアミラーゼ(和光純薬)を1.0単位0.03mgとなるように添加し、50℃で1晩静置した。静置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。冷却した反応液をカチオン樹脂、アニオン樹脂を用いて適宜脱塩し、HPLCにて反応液の分析を行った。HPLC装置は島津製作所製「Prominence UFLC」、カラムは三菱化学製「MCI GEL CK04S」、溶離液は水を流速0.4mL/分で、検出は示差屈折計で分析した。酵素(マルトトリオシル転移酵素)処理区に無処理区と比較して、3糖以上のピークに経時的な増加が認められた場合、生成物有り(+)、増加が認められない場合、生成物無し(-)と判定した。
基質濃度が酵素反応生成物に及ぼす影響について、マルトテトラオースを基質として調べた。0.67、1.0、3.0、10、30、70%(w/v)のマルトテトラオースに対して、3時間反応後のマルトテトラオース残存量が85%以上となるように酵素を添加し、50℃、1、2、3時間放置した。放置後、沸騰水浴中で5分間加熱した後、流水中で冷却した。冷却した反応液をカチオン樹脂、アニオン樹脂を用いて適宜脱塩し、HPLCにて反応液の分析を行った。HPLC装置は島津製作所製「Prominence UFLC」、カラムは三菱化学製「MCI GEL CK04S」、溶離液は水を流速0.4mL/分で、検出は示差屈折計で分析した。得られた基質及び生成物の面積%をモル量に換算し、生成速度を算出した。その結果、全ての基質濃度条件下(0.67~70%(w/v))で糖転移反応が90%以上であった。
マルトトリオシル転移酵素をパン生地に添加してパンを製造した。山形パン用基本材料(強力粉260 g;砂糖13g;食塩5.2g;ショートニング10.4g;L-アスコルビン酸0.013g;冷水192g;ドライイースト3.1g)またはこの材料にマルトトリオシル転移酵素120uを添加したものを、ナショナル自動ホームベーカリーSD-BT150(松下産業株式会社パナソニック製)に供した。焼成後、パンを26℃で1時間放冷し、次いでこれを水分蒸発を防止するためにビニール袋に入れ、そして26℃で保存した。1または5日間保存した後、パンを2cmの厚さにスライスし、パンの中央部を直径47mmの円柱状にカットした。パンの硬さを、FUDOHレオメーターNRM-2002J(サン科学レオテック製)を使用して、圧縮スピード2mm/分で1.5cm圧縮した場合の最大荷重を測定した。結果を図6に示す。酵素無添加区及び酵素添加区について、それぞれ1日保存のパンの硬さを100%とした時の5日保存のパンの硬さを比較した。その結果、酵素添加区は125%となり、無添加区(207%)と比較して、パンの硬化が抑制されており、ソフトネスが維持されていた。
米75gを水洗後、水150mL、またはこの材料にマルトトリオシル転移酵素40uを添加したものを2時間室温に静置して後、定法によりと炊飯して飯米を得た。得られた炊飯米を4℃で7日間保存した。保存前後の糊化度をBAP法で測定した。BAP法による糊化度は、酵素添加区は炊飯直後96.6%、7日後69.5%であった(表6)。それに対して、無添加区は炊飯直後95.3%、7日後59.7%であった。酵素添加区では糊化度の低下が抑制、即ち、デンプンの老化の進行が抑制された。
上新粉200gに水165gを加えて混合し、水蒸気で15分間蒸した。次いで、蒸したものをミキサー(キッチンエードKSM5(エフ・エム・アイ製))にとって撹拌しながら生地が約65℃になったところで、酵素添加区はマルトトリオシル転移酵素30uを添加・混合し、プラスチック製シャーレに詰めて成形し、放冷、15℃保存した。24時間保存した後、モチを10mmの厚さにスライスし、モチの中央部を直径25mmの円柱状に型抜きした。モチの硬さを、FUDOHレオメーターNRM-2002J(レオテック製)を使用して、圧縮スピード2mm/分で5mm圧縮した場合の最大荷重を測定した。酵素無添加区の24時間保存のモチの硬さを100%とした時のモチの硬さを比較した。また、モチのベタつきも確認した。その結果、酵素添加区は35%となり、モチの硬化が抑制されており、ソフトネスが維持されていた(表7)。また、モチのベタツキも無かった。
(a)染色体DNAの単離
ジオバチルス・エスピーAPC9669の菌体から斉藤・三浦の方法(非特許文献5)により染色体DNAを調製した。
1.で得られたマルトトリオシル転移酵素の精製標品をアミノ酸配列解析に供し、10残基のN末端アミノ酸配列(配列番号1)及び内部ペプチドアミノ酸配列(配列番号2、3)を決定した。
(c)PCRによるDNAプローブの作製
N末端アミノ酸配列および内部アミノ酸配列をもとに2種の混合オリゴヌクレオチド(配列番号4、5)を合成し、PCRプライマーとした。これらのプライマーを用い、ジオバチルス・エスピーAPC9669の染色体DNAを鋳型として、以下の条件にてPCR反応を行った。
<PCR 反応液>
10×PCR反応緩衝液(TaKaRa社) 5.0μl
dNTP混合液(それぞれ2.5 mM、TaKaRa社) 8.0μl
25mM MgCl2 5.0μl
50μM センス・プライマー 0.5μl
50μM アンチセンス・プライマー 0.5μl
蒸留水 29.5μl
染色体DNA溶液(100μg/ml) 1.0μl
LA Taq DNAポリメラーゼ(TaKaRa社) 0.5μl
ステージ1: 変性(95℃、5分) 1サイクル
ステージ2: 変性(95℃、1分) 30サイクル
アニール(50℃、1分)
伸長(72℃、1分)
ステージ3: 伸長(72℃、10分) 1サイクル
ジオバチルス・エスピーAPC9669の染色体DNAのサザン・ハイブリダイゼーション解析の結果、EcoRI分解物中にプローブDNAとハイブリダイズする約5.2kbのシングルバンドが確認された。この約5.2kbのEcoRIDNA断片をクローニングするため、以下の様に遺伝子ライブラリーを作製した。上記(a)で調製した染色体DNAのEcoRI処理を行った。染色体DNA50μg、10×H緩衝液40μl、蒸留水342.0μl、及びEcoRIを8.0μl混合し、37℃で15時間処理した。得られた分解物をEcoRI処理したpBluescript II KS+ベクター(Stratagene 社)にライゲーションし、遺伝子ライブラリーを得た。
上記(c)で得た1.1kbのDNA断片をDIG-High Prime(Roche社)を用いてラベルした。これをDNAプローブとして、(d)で得た遺伝子ライブラリーをコロニー・ハイブリダイゼーションによりスクリーニングした。得られたポジティブコロニーからプラスミドpBlue-SASを得た。
プラスミドpBlue-SASの塩基配列を定法に従って決定した。ジオバチルス・エスピーAPC9669由来マルトトリオシル転移酵素をコードする塩基配列(2304 bp)を配列番号6に示す。また、配列番号6によりコードされるアミノ酸配列(767アミノ酸)を配列番号7に示す。このアミノ酸配列中には、(b)で決定したN末端領域アミノ酸配列(配列番号1)及び内部アミノ酸配列(配列番号2、3)が見出された。尚、配列番号7のアミノ酸配列からシグナルペプチドを除いたアミノ酸配列を配列番号8に示す。
(a) マルトトリオシル転移酵素の大腸菌での発現プラスミドの構築
N末端領域アミノ酸配列及びC末端領域アミノ酸配列をコードするDNA配列をもとに、2種のオリゴヌクレオチド(配列番号9、10)を合成し、PCRプライマーとした。センス・プライマーにはSacI制限酵素認識部位を、アンチセンス・プライマーにはXbaI制限酵素認識部位を付加した。これらのプライマーと、マルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子を有する染色体DNAを鋳型として、以下の条件にてPCR反応を行った。
<PCR反応液>
10×PCR反応緩衝液(TOYOBO社) 5.0μl
dNTP混合液(それぞれ2.5 mM、TOYOBO社) 5.0μl
10μM センス・プライマー 1.5μl
10μM アンチセンス・プライマー 1.5μl
25mM MgSO4 2.0μl
蒸留水 33.0μl
染色体DNA溶液(200μg/ml) 1.0μl
KOD -Plus- DNA ポリメラーゼ(TOYOBO社) 1.0μl
<PCR反応条件>
ステージ1: 変性(94℃、2分) 1サイクル
ステージ2: 変性(94℃、15秒) 30サイクル
アニール(50℃、30秒)
伸長(68℃、2分30秒)
発現プラスミドpColdII-SASを大腸菌JM109 Competent Cells(タカラバイオ社)に導入した。アンピシリン耐性株として得られた形質転換体の中から、コロニーPCRにより目的のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子が挿入されたpColdII-SASを保有する菌株を選別した。また対照として発現ベクターpColdII DNAを有する大腸菌JM109の形質転換体も得た。これらの形質転換体を100μg/mlのアンピシリンを含有するLB培地1 mlに植菌し、37℃、170rpmでO.D600=0.4-1.0に到達するまで培養した(前培養)。続いて、前培養液300μlを100μg/mlのアンピシリンを含有するLB培地9 mlに植菌し、37℃、170rpmでO.D600=0.4-1.0に到達するまで培養した。15℃、30分放置後、0.1 M IPTGを9μl添加し、15℃、160rpmで24時間培養(本培養)、集菌した。菌体を1.0 mlの100mMトリス―塩酸緩衝液(pH 6.5)に縣濁し、φ0.1mmのガラスビーズを0.50g加え、マルチビーズショッカー(安井機械社)にて菌体を破砕した。破砕条件は、ON 120秒、OFF 60秒を 3.75 サイクル繰り返した。得られたCell free-extractを遠心分離に供し、可溶性成分を得た。
取得した可溶性成分をSDS-PAGEに供した。電気泳動装置としてPhastSystem(GE Healthcare 社)を、分離ゲルとしてPhastGel Homogeneous 7.5(GE Healthcare 社)を使用した。その結果、図7に示すように、pColdII-SASでは83kDa付近にマルトトリオシル転移酵素と考えられる有意なタンパク質の生産が確認された。対照であるpColdII DNAでは同様のタンパク質の生産が確認されなかったため、本タンパク質はマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子の導入に因るものと考えられた(図7)。
本明細書の中で明示した論文、公開特許公報、及び特許公報などの内容は、その全ての内容を援用によって引用することとする。
Claims (19)
- α-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及びオリゴ糖類に作用し、マルトトリオース単位を糖類に転移させる活性を有する酵素であって、マルトテトラオースを基質として作用させた場合、基質濃度が0.67%(w/v)~70%(w/v)の全範囲において、マルトヘプタオース生成速度とマルトトリオース生成速度の比が9:1~10:0となる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- マルトトリオシル転移酵素が、微生物由来の酵素である請求項1に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- マルトトリオシル転移酵素が、ジオバチルス属の微生物由来の酵素である、請求項1に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- ジオバチルス属の微生物がジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669(受託番号 NITE BP-770)である、請求項3に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- 下記の酵素化学的性質を備えるマルトトリオシル転移酵素:
(1)作用:結合様式としてα-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類及びオリゴ糖類に作用し、マルトトリオース単位を糖類に転移させる;
(2)基質特異性:可溶性デンプン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、マルトテトラオース、マルトペンタオース、マルトヘキサオースに作用し、α-サイクロデキストリン、β-サイクロデキストリン、γ-サイクロデキストリン、マルトトリオース、マルトースには作用しない;
(3)分子量:約83,000(SDS-PAGE)。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素を有効成分とする酵素剤。
- ジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669(受託番号 NITE BP-770)又はその変異菌である、マルトトリオシル転移酵素産生能を有する微生物。
- 配列番号8のアミノ酸配列、又はマルトトリオシル転移活性を示すその断片からなる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- 配列番号6の配列を含むDNAによってコードされる、請求項8に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素。
- 以下の(a)~(e)からなる群より選択されるいずれかのDNAからなるマルトトリオシル転移酵素:
(a) 配列番号7又は8のアミノ酸配列をコードするDNA;
(b) 配列番号6の配列を含むDNA;
(c) 配列番号6の配列に相補的な配列に対してストリンジェントな条件下でハイブリダイズするDNA;
(d) 配列番号6の配列のDNA配列縮重体であるDNA;
(e) 配列番号6の配列を基準として1若しくは複数の塩基の置換、欠失、挿入、付加又は逆位を含む配列からなり、マルトトリオシル転移酵素活性を有するタンパク質をコードするDNA。 - 請求項10に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子を含む組換えベクター。
- 発現ベクターである、請求項11に記載の組換えベクター。
- 請求項10に記載のマルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子が導入されている形質転換体。
- 請求項11又は請求項12に記載の組換えベクターが導入されている形質転換体。
- 細菌細胞、酵母細胞又は真菌細胞である、請求項13又は請求項14に記載の形質転換体。
- 以下のステップ(1)及び(2)、又はステップ(i)及び(ii)を含んでなる、マルトトリオシル転移酵素の製造法:
(1)マルトトリオシル転移酵素産生能を有する、ジオバチルス属の微生物を培養するステップ;
(2)培養後の培養液及び/又は菌体より、マルトトリオシル転移酵素を回収するステップ。
(i) 請求項13~請求項15のいずれか一項に記載の形質転換体を前記マルトトリオシル転移酵素遺伝子がコードするタンパク質が産生される条件下で培養するステップ;
(ii)産生された前記タンパク質を回収するステップ。 - ジオバチルス属の微生物がジオバチルス・エスピー APC9669である、請求項16に記載の製造法。
- α-1,4グルコシド結合を有する多糖類又はオリゴ糖類を含む食品を製造・加工するための、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の酵素又は請求項6に記載の酵素剤の使用。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の酵素又は請求項6に記載の酵素剤の使用によって機能性が改善した食品又は食品材料。
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US13/381,455 US8546111B2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | Maltotriosyl transferase and use thereof |
EP10793893.8A EP2450435B1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | Maltotriosyl transferase, process for production thereof, and use thereof |
CA2766018A CA2766018A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | Maltotriosyl transferase, process for production thereof, and use thereof |
BRPI1014606-7A BRPI1014606A2 (pt) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | Maltotriosil transferase, processo para produção e uso da mesma |
DK10793893.8T DK2450435T3 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | MALTOTRIOSYL TRANSFERASE, METHOD OF PRODUCING THEREOF, AND APPLICATION THEREOF |
CN201080029335.6A CN102510900B (zh) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | 麦芽三糖基转移酶及其制备方法和用途 |
JP2011520814A JP5762958B2 (ja) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-03-20 | マルトトリオシル転移酵素及びその製造方法並びに用途 |
US14/024,277 US20140004226A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2013-09-11 | Maltotriosyl transferase, process for production thereof, and use thereof |
US14/024,100 US8765434B2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2013-09-11 | Polynucleotide encoding a maltotriosyl transferase |
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US14/024,277 Division US20140004226A1 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2013-09-11 | Maltotriosyl transferase, process for production thereof, and use thereof |
US14/024,100 Division US8765434B2 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2013-09-11 | Polynucleotide encoding a maltotriosyl transferase |
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2010
- 2010-03-20 KR KR1020127002032A patent/KR20120103545A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-03-20 DK DK10793893.8T patent/DK2450435T3/en active
- 2010-03-20 CA CA2766018A patent/CA2766018A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-03-20 WO PCT/JP2010/054894 patent/WO2011001722A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-03-20 JP JP2011520814A patent/JP5762958B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
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EP2450435B1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
US8765434B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
US20140004226A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
CN102510900B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
JPWO2011001722A1 (ja) | 2012-12-13 |
US20140011257A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
US8546111B2 (en) | 2013-10-01 |
US20120100253A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
JP5762958B2 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
JP6115921B2 (ja) | 2017-04-19 |
DK2450435T3 (en) | 2017-09-25 |
EP2450435A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
CA2766018A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
CN102510900A (zh) | 2012-06-20 |
BRPI1014606A2 (pt) | 2015-08-25 |
KR20120103545A (ko) | 2012-09-19 |
EP2450435A4 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
JP2015156861A (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
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