WO2011001677A1 - 貴金属コロイド粒子及び貴金属コロイド溶液、並びに、過酸化水素分解用触媒 - Google Patents
貴金属コロイド粒子及び貴金属コロイド溶液、並びに、過酸化水素分解用触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011001677A1 WO2011001677A1 PCT/JP2010/004316 JP2010004316W WO2011001677A1 WO 2011001677 A1 WO2011001677 A1 WO 2011001677A1 JP 2010004316 W JP2010004316 W JP 2010004316W WO 2011001677 A1 WO2011001677 A1 WO 2011001677A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- colloid
- amount
- noble metal
- colloidal particles
- Prior art date
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 83
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title description 24
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 283
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 161
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 160
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 24
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 7
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 7
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical class C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000004515 gallic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229940074391 gallic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001429 chelating resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N l-ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(O)=C(O)C1=O TYQCGQRIZGCHNB-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910018879 Pt—Pd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011087 fumaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.OO QOSATHPSBFQAML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 metal complex compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000330 serious eye damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001790 sodium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/0545—Dispersions or suspensions of nanosized particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a noble metal colloid particle, a noble metal colloid solution, and a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst.
- Hydrogen peroxide water is widely used industrially for wastewater treatment and semiconductor cleaning, and is also used for disinfection of contact lenses in general households.
- waste liquid containing hydrogen peroxide is discarded as it is, it may adversely affect river ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to decompose and remove hydrogen peroxide remaining in the waste liquid.
- hydrogen peroxide remains on the contact lens after disinfection, and there is a risk of causing serious eye damage if used as it is. Therefore, the hydrogen peroxide remaining on the contact lens must be completely decomposed and removed.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 1
- Non-Patent Document 1 Patent Document 1
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a noble metal colloid particle and a noble metal colloid solution capable of efficiently decomposing hydrogen peroxide while keeping the amount of Pt low. Is an issue. Furthermore, another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen peroxide catalyst using such noble metal colloidal particles.
- the present invention is a noble metal colloidal particle comprising Pd colloidal particles and Pt supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles, which is substantially free of protective colloids and has an average particle size of 7 to Noble metal colloidal particles having a Pt amount of 0.5 to 2 atomic layers when the amount of the Pt supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles is 20 nm and indicated by the number of atomic layers of Pt atoms. provide.
- the present invention also provides a noble metal colloid solution comprising a solvent and the noble metal colloid particles of the present invention dispersed in the solvent.
- the present invention also provides a catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide, which contains the above-described noble metal colloid particles of the present invention.
- the amount of Pt contained in the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention is small because it may be an amount that can be supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles in the range of 0.5 to 2 atomic layers. Furthermore, although the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention have a very small amount of Pt compared to colloidal particles of simple Pt, higher catalytic performance for hydrogen peroxide decomposition can be realized. Thus, the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention can decompose hydrogen peroxide efficiently while keeping the amount of Pt low. Similarly, a noble metal colloid solution containing such noble metal colloid particles and a catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide can also efficiently decompose hydrogen peroxide while keeping the amount of Pt low.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention are formed by supporting Pt on the surface of Pd colloidal particles.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention may have a core-shell structure in which Pd is a core and Pt is a shell.
- the amount of Pt supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles is 0.5 to 2 atomic layers in terms of the number of atomic layers of Pt atoms.
- the “number of atomic layers” means that Pd colloidal particles are assumed to be spheres, and Pt having a thickness corresponding to n (n is a positive number) atomic layers exists on the surface. ing.
- the thickness of one atomic layer is the diameter of Pt atoms (0.276 nm), and the thickness of the two atomic layers is (1 + 3 1/2 / 2) ⁇ Pt atoms.
- Diameter, 3 atomic layer thickness is (1 + 3 1/2 ) ⁇ Pt atom diameter
- atomic layer thickness is (1+ (m ⁇ 1) ⁇ 3 1/2 / 2) ) ⁇ Pt atom diameter.
- the amount of Pt when the number of atomic layers is smaller than 1 is calculated based on the amount of Pt when Pt is one atomic layer. For example, when the number of atomic layers is 0.5, the amount of Pt is a value obtained by first obtaining the amount of Pt for one atomic layer and multiplying that value by 0.5.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention sufficient catalytic activity can be obtained by setting the number of Pt atomic layers to 0.5 or more.
- Pt substantially covers the entire surface of the Pd colloidal particles, for example, supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles.
- the amount of Pt is preferably 0.75 atomic layer or more.
- the proportion of Pt that does not come into contact with the reaction raw material (hydrogen peroxide to be decomposed in this embodiment) increases, so the amount of catalytic activity per unit weight of Pt Will fall. That is, when it exceeds 2 atomic layers, it becomes difficult to efficiently exhibit the function of Pt as a catalyst.
- the amount of Pt is preferably 1 atomic layer or less.
- the average particle diameter of Pd colloidal particles is 7 to 20 nm. If the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles is smaller than 7 nm, the crystallinity of Pd is poor and the crystallinity of Pt supported on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles is poor. Furthermore, the exchange of electrons between Pt and the core Pd is not performed smoothly, and the catalytic performance of Pt cannot be effectively exhibited. On the other hand, if the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles is larger than 20 nm, the surface area per unit weight of the Pd colloidal particles becomes small, so the number of particles for obtaining the same amount of surface area, that is, the concentration of the Pd colloidal particles increases. .
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles is set to 7 to 20 nm.
- the particle diameter of the Pd colloidal particles is measured using a dynamic scattering method. Specifically, the non-contact backscattering intensity was measured using a light scattering photometer (DLS-2000, manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.), the intensity reference particle size distribution was obtained, and the position where the volume accumulation was 50% was defined as the average particle diameter. did.
- the precious metal colloid particles of the present invention are substantially free of protective colloid.
- “substantially free of protective colloid” means that when the content of the protective colloid-forming agent in the noble metal colloid solution is indicated by the amount of carbon contained in the protective colloid-forming agent, It means that the total carbon concentration is about 200 ppm by mass or less.
- proteins and polymer substances are used as the protective colloid forming agent, and therefore the amount of the protective colloid forming agent contained in the noble metal colloid solution can be expressed by the total carbon concentration in the noble metal colloid solution.
- the protective colloid forming agent will be described later.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention do not substantially contain protective colloid, so that a sufficient contact area between the reaction raw material (hydrogen peroxide to be decomposed in this embodiment) and Pt is secured. And can effectively function as a catalyst.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention have a configuration in which Pt is supported on the surface of Pd colloidal particles. In Pd and Pt, Pt becomes electron richer than Pd due to the relationship of redox potential. For this reason, the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention have a reducing power stronger than that of a single Pt colloidal particle, and can obtain high catalytic activity.
- a Pd salt solution is prepared.
- Pd salt and reducing agent are added to the solvent.
- This Pd salt solution is heated to reduce Pd ions contained in the Pd salt to obtain a dispersion of Pd colloidal particles (Pd colloid solution).
- a Pt salt is added to the Pd colloid solution in order to deposit Pt on the surface of the Pd colloid particles.
- a reducing agent or a reaction accelerator may be further added. This solution is heated, Pt ions contained in the Pt salt are reduced, and Pt is deposited on the surface of the Pd colloidal particles.
- ion exchange is performed with an ion exchange resin to obtain a noble metal colloidal solution in which Pt is supported on the surface of Pd colloidal particles.
- the Pd salt and Pt salt used in the above method are not particularly limited as long as they are sufficiently dissolved in a solvent and reduced by a reducing agent.
- Pd and Pt chlorides, nitrates, sulfates and metal complex compounds can be used.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the Pd salt, Pt salt, reducing agent, and reaction accelerator.
- Water, alcohols, ketones and ethers can be used as the solvent. From the viewpoint of sufficiently dissolving the Pd salt and the Pt salt, water and alcohol are preferably used. Note that it is desirable to remove oxygen present in the solvent by boiling the solvent sufficiently before adding the reducing agent or by blowing an inert gas such as nitrogen into the solvent. When a Pd salt and a Pt salt are added to a solvent in which oxygen is present, the reduction reaction of Pd and Pt does not proceed easily, and colloidal particles are not easily formed.
- the reducing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is dissolved in a solvent and reduces Pd salt and Pt salt.
- Citric acids, alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones, ethers, aldehydes, esters and the like can be used as the reducing agent. Two or more of these may be used in combination.
- citric acids include citric acid and citrates such as sodium citrate, potassium citrate, and ammonium citrate.
- Examples of alcohols include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethylene glycol, glycerin and the like.
- carboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, aspartic acid, gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and their carboxylates.
- Tannic acid which is a dehydrated form of gallic acid and sugar, is also preferably used.
- ketones include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- ethers include diethyl ether.
- aldehydes include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
- the esters include methyl formate, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate.
- tannic acid, gallic acid, sodium citrate, ascorbic acid and salts thereof, which are highly reducible and easy to handle, are particularly preferable.
- reaction accelerator for example, alkali carbonates such as potassium carbonate, alkali hydrogen carbonates such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, and alkali hydroxides such as lithium hydroxide can be used.
- the precious metal colloidal particles of the present invention substantially contain no protective colloid, and thus are produced without using a protective colloid-forming agent.
- the protective colloid-forming agent is a substance that is conventionally contained in a colloid solution to maintain the dispersion stability of the colloidal particles, and adheres to the surface of the colloidal particles to form a protective colloid.
- a protective colloid-forming agent include water-soluble polymer substances such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and gelatin, surfactants and polymer chelating agents. Since the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention have negative charges on the surfaces and have electric repulsion with each other, they can maintain dispersion stability even though they do not contain protective colloids.
- the noble metal colloid particles and the noble metal colloid solution of the present invention can be obtained.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst of the present invention includes the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention may be dispersed in a solvent and used as a catalyst for decomposing hydrogen peroxide in the state of a colloidal solution.
- the noble metal colloidal particles of the present invention can be supported on carbon, oxide particles, ion exchange resin, ion exchange membrane or the like and used as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition.
- Example 1 First, a palladium chloride solution was prepared. After dissolving 1.68 g of palladium chloride (powder) in a mixed solution of 3.65 wt% (1 mol / L) hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (20 mL) and pure water (500 mL), the volume was adjusted to 1 L with pure water. This was used as a 1 g / L palladium raw material solution (1 g / L-Pd raw material).
- sodium citrate and tannic acid were used as the reducing agent. Specifically, a sodium citrate solution in which sodium citrate was diluted to 10 wt% with pure water and a tannic acid solution in which tannic acid was diluted to 1.43 wt% with pure water were used. Potassium carbonate was used as a reaction accelerator. Specifically, a potassium carbonate solution in which potassium carbonate was diluted with pure water to 13.82 wt% (1 mol / L) was used.
- ion exchange is performed with 70 g of an ion exchange resin (Amberlite MB-1 (manufactured by Organo Corp.)), whereby a colloidal solution of Pd colloidal particles that becomes the core part of Pd—Pt colloidal particles is obtained.
- an ion exchange resin Amberlite MB-1 (manufactured by Organo Corp.)
- the particle size of the obtained Pd colloidal particles was measured using a dynamic scattering method, and the average particle size was determined. Specifically, the non-contact backscattering intensity was measured using a light scattering photometer (DLS-2000, manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.), the intensity reference particle size distribution was obtained, and the position where the volume accumulation was 50% was defined as the average particle diameter. did.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles of this example was 10 nm.
- the total amount of the Pd colloid solution prepared as described above--ion exchanged was placed in a 1 L flask and boiled and refluxed for 30 minutes while stirring with a stir bar.
- 4.14 g of 4 wt% chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution was added as a raw material of Pt forming the shell portion.
- 14 g of 10 wt% sodium citrate solution was added, and the mixture was further boiled and refluxed for 1 hour. Thereafter, the flask was placed in water and cooled to room temperature.
- ion exchange was performed with 36 g of an ion exchange resin (Amberlite MB-1 (manufactured by Organo Corporation)) to obtain a Pd—Pt colloidal solution.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers in the Pt—Pd colloidal particles contained in the Pd—Pt colloid solution was 1. Specifically, the number of Pd colloid particles was determined from the Pd concentration, and the weight was determined by multiplying the weight of Pt supported per Pd colloid particle by the number of Pd colloid particles. Details are as follows.
- V Pd volume of the Pd colloidal particles
- V Pd volume of the Pd colloidal particles
- the Pd concentration (M Pd ) in this example was 200 mg / L.
- ⁇ Pt weight concentration> The volume of Pd—Pt colloid particles (in terms of sphere) was obtained by adding the thickness of Pt to the radius of the Pd colloid particles, and the volume of Pt colloid particles was subtracted from the obtained volume to obtain the volume of Pt alone.
- the Pt weight was determined by multiplying the Pt volume by the density of Pt to determine the weight of Pt required per Pd—Pt colloidal particle, and by multiplying the number of Pd colloidal particles per liter of the solution. The specific method is as follows.
- a Pd—Pt colloidal solution was prepared so that the weight concentration of Pt was 62.4 mg / L.
- the catalytic performance (hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity) of hydrogen peroxide decomposition was measured for the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution.
- 10 mL of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution was placed in a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask and stirred with a stirrer for 5 minutes while heating to 50 ° C. in a warm bath.
- 100 ⁇ L of the prepared Pd—Pt colloidal solution was added, and the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was measured using a flow meter.
- the oxygen generation amount was 0.17L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.8 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 2 Except that the amount of pure water when preparing the Pd colloidal solution was 713.36 g, the Pt raw material solution (chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution) was 8.09 g, and the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pt reduction was 27.3 g.
- a Pd—Pt colloidal solution was prepared by the same production method as in Example 1.
- the ion exchange resins used after preparing the Pd colloid solution and after supporting Pt on the Pd colloid particles were 70 g and 68 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 10 nm.
- the weight concentration of Pt in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of atomic layers of Pt was two atomic layers.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of Pt in the two atomic layers was (1 + 3 1/2 / 2) ⁇ the diameter of Pt atoms (0.276 nm).
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 51 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.13L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.2 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 3 The amount of pure water during preparation of the Pd colloidal solution is 744.94 g, the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pd reduction is 10 g, the amount of Pt raw material solution (chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution) is 2.01 g, and during Pt reduction.
- a Pd—Pt colloid solution was prepared by the same production method as in Example 1 except that the amount of sodium citrate solution used was 6.8 g.
- the ion exchange resins used after the preparation of the Pd colloid solution and after the Pt was supported on the Pd colloid particles were 55 g and 18 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 20 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer.
- the weight concentration of Pt was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used at the time of measurement was 206 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.12L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.0 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 4 The amount of pure water at the time of preparation of the Pd colloidal solution is 496.22 g, the amount of Pd raw material solution (palladium chloride solution) is 400 g, the amount of sodium citrate solution used at the time of Pd reduction is 30 g, and carbonic acid as a reaction accelerator. Implementation was performed except that the amount of potassium solution used was 2.5 g, the amount of Pt raw material solution (chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution) was 8.28 g, and the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pt reduction was 28.0 g.
- a Pd—Pt colloidal solution was prepared by the same production method as in Example 1.
- the ion exchange resins used after preparing the Pd colloid solution and after supporting Pt on the Pd colloidal particles were 149 g and 70 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 10 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer. The weight concentration of Pt was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 50 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.15 L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.7 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 5 The amount of pure water when preparing the Pd colloidal solution was 739.74 g, the amount of Pt raw material solution (chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution) used was 2.01 g, and the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pt reduction was 7.0 g.
- the ion exchange resins used after the preparation of the Pd colloid solution and after the Pt was supported on the Pd colloid particles were 70 g and 18 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 10 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was 0.5 atomic layers.
- the Pt weight concentration when the number of atomic layers was 1 was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the Pt weight concentration in the case of 1 atomic layer was multiplied by 0.5, and the obtained value was used as the Pt weight concentration necessary for the 0.5 atomic layer number.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 200 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.12L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.0 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 6 The amount of pure water when preparing the Pd colloidal solution was 735.14 g, the amount of Pt raw material solution (chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution) used was 3.11 g, and the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pt reduction was 10.5 g.
- the ion exchange resins used after preparation of the Pd colloid solution and after Pt was supported on the Pd colloid particles were 70 g and 26 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 10 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was 0.75 atomic layers.
- the Pt weight concentration when the number of atomic layers was 1 was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the Pt weight concentration in the case of 1 atomic layer number was multiplied by 0.75, and the obtained value was set as the Pt weight concentration necessary for the 0.75 atomic layer number.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used at the time of measurement was 133 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.19L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 3.2 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- Example 7 The amount of pure water at the time of preparing the Pd colloidal solution was 733.25 g, 50 g of 2 wt% gallic acid solution was used as a reducing agent at the time of Pd reduction, 1.0 g of potassium carbonate solution as a reaction accelerator was used, and a Pt raw material solution ( A Pd—Pt colloidal solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution was 4.14 g and that 10 g of 8.1 wt% gallic acid solution was used as the reducing agent during Pt reduction.
- the ion exchange resins used after the preparation of the Pd colloid solution and after the Pt was supported on the Pd colloid particles were 23 g and 15 g, respectively.
- the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle size of the Pd colloidal particles in this example was 10 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined in the same procedure as in Example 1 so that the number of atomic layers of Pt was one atomic layer.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 100 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.15 L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 2.7 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1 described later) having the same Pt weight.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the Pt colloid solution of Comparative Example 1 thus obtained was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the Pt colloid solution used at the time of measurement was 19 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.06L.
- Example 2 After adding sodium citrate solution for Pt reduction and boiling and refluxing for 30 minutes, 624 mg of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone: average molecular weight 40,000) was dissolved in 2 mL of pure water and added to the reaction system during boiling and refluxing, The mixture was boiled and refluxed for 30 minutes.
- the other methods were the same as in Example 1.
- the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was 10 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer. The Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 100 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.06L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 1.0 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was 3 atomic layers.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the thickness of Pt of the triatomic layer was (1 + 3 1/2 ) ⁇ Pt atom diameter (0.276 nm).
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 33 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.08L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 1.3 times that of the Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was 5 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 47 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.10 L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 1.7 times that of the Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the amount of pure water during preparation of the Pd colloidal solution is 600.33 g
- the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pd reduction is 60 g
- the amount of tannic acid solution used is 70 g
- the Pt raw material solution chloroplatinic acid aqueous solution
- a Pd—Pt colloidal solution was prepared by the same production method as in Example 1 except that the amount was 15.62 g and the amount of sodium citrate solution used during Pt reduction was 52.8 g.
- the ion exchange resins used after the preparation of the Pd colloidal particles and after the Pt colloidal particles were supported were 280 g and 135 g, respectively.
- the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was 3 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 27 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.07L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 1.2 times that of the Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was determined by the same method as in Example 1, the average particle diameter of the Pd colloid particles was 25 nm.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was one atomic layer.
- the Pt weight concentration was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 259 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.04 L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 0.7 times that of a Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the Pt weight concentration in the Pd—Pt colloidal solution was determined so that the number of Pt atomic layers was 0.25 atomic layers.
- the Pt weight concentration when the number of atomic layers was 1 was determined by the same procedure as in Example 1.
- the Pt weight concentration in the case of 1 atomic layer number was multiplied by 0.25, and the obtained value was set as the Pt weight concentration necessary for the 0.25 atomic layer number.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity of the obtained Pd—Pt colloid solution was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of the Pd—Pt colloid solution used for the measurement was 400 ⁇ L.
- the amount of oxygen generated in 45 seconds was 0.10 L. This corresponds to an oxygen generation amount 1.7 times that of the Pt colloid solution (Comparative Example 1) having the same Pt weight.
- the hydrogen peroxide decomposition activity was compared between Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7.
- the Pd—Pt colloid solution of Comparative Example 2 containing the protective colloid has the same average particle diameter and number of Pt atomic layers as the Pd—Pt colloid solution of Example 1 and Example 4 and Pd colloid particles. Nevertheless, only low activity was obtained compared to these. This is presumably because Comparative Example 1 contained protective colloid, so that sufficient contact between hydrogen peroxide and Pt could not be obtained, and efficient catalytic activity could not be exhibited. Further, the Pd—Pt colloidal solution of Comparative Example 3 in which the number of atomic layers of Pt is 3 atomic layers cannot exhibit efficient catalytic activity because the number of atomic layers of Pt exceeds 2.
- the noble metal colloid particles and the noble metal colloid solution of the present invention can realize high catalytic activity efficiently with a small amount of Pt, and thus can be used as a catalyst for hydrogen peroxide decomposition in various fields.
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Abstract
Description
まず、塩化パラジウム溶液を作製した。塩化パラジウム(粉末)1.68gを3.65wt%(1mol/L)の塩酸水溶液20mLと純水500mLとの混合液に溶解した後、1Lになるように純水でメスアップした。これを、1g/Lのパラジウム原料溶液(1g/L-Pd原料)として使用した。
まず、Pdコロイド粒子の濃度をPdコロイド粒子1個当たりの重さで除することによって、溶液1L当たりのPdコロイド粒子の個数を求めた。具体的な求め方は、以下のとおりである。
(2)Pdの密度(dPd)とPdコロイド粒子の体積(VPd)とから、Pdコロイド粒子1個の重さmPdを算出した。dPd=12030kg/m3を用いたところ、mPd=6.30×10-21kg/個であった。
(3)1L当たりのPdコロイド粒子の個数(NPd)は、Pd濃度(MPd)をPdコロイド粒子1個当たりの重さ(mPd)で除して、NPd=MPd/mPd=3.18×1016個/Lであった。なお、本実施例におけるPd濃度(MPd)は、200mg/Lであった。
Pdコロイド粒子の半径にPtの厚みを足してPd-Ptコロイド粒子の体積(球換算)を求め、得られた体積からPdコロイド粒子の体積を引いて、Ptのみの体積を求めた。このPtの体積にPtの密度を乗じてPd-Ptコロイド粒子1個当たりに必要なPtの重量を求め、さらに溶液1L当たりのPdコロイド粒子の個数を乗じてPt重量濃度を決定した。具体的な求め方は、以下のとおりである。
(2)Pd-Ptコロイド粒子の体積(VPd-Pt)からPdコロイド粒子の体積(VPd)を引いて、Ptのみの体積(VPt)を求めた。VPt=9.16×10-26m3/個であった。
(3)Ptの体積(VPt)にPtの密度(dPt)を乗じて、Pd-Ptコロイド粒子1個当たりに必要なPtの重量(mPt)を求めた。dPt=21450kg/m3を用いたところ、mpt=1.96×10-21kg/個であった。
(4)Pd-Ptコロイド粒子1個当たりのPtの重量(mPt)に1L当たりのPtコロイド粒子の個数(NPd)乗じ、必要なPt重量濃度(MPt)を求めた。Mpt=6.24×10-5kg/L=62.4mg/Lであった。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を713.36gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)を8.09gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を27.3gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ70g、68gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が2原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPtの重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。ただし、2原子層のPtの厚さは、(1+31/2/2)×Pt原子の直径(0.276nm)とした。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を744.94gとし、Pd還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を10gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を2.01gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を6.8gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ55g、18gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は20nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Ptの重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を496.22gとし、Pd原料液(塩化パラジウム溶液)の使用量を400gとし、Pd還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を30gとし、反応促進剤としての炭酸カリウム溶液の使用量を2.5gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を8.28gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を28.0gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ149g、70gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Ptの重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を739.74gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を2.01gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を7.0gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ70g、18gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が0.5原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。まず、実施例1と同様の手順で原子層数が1の場合のPt重量濃度を決定した。次に、原子層数1の場合のPt重量濃度に0.5を乗じて、得られた値を0.5原子層数に必要なPt重量濃度とした。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を735.14gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を3.11gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を10.5gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ70g、26gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が0.75原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。まず、実施例1と同様の手順で原子層数が1の場合のPt重量濃度を決定した。次に、原子層数1の場合のPt重量濃度に0.75を乗じて、得られた値を0.75原子層数に必要なPt重量濃度とした。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を733.25gとし、Pd還元時の還元剤として2wt%没食子酸溶液を50g使用し、反応促進剤としての炭酸カリウム溶液を1.0g使用し、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を4.14gとし、Pt還元時に還元剤として8.1wt%没食子酸溶液を10g使用した以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ23g、15gであった。Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、本実施例におけるPdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本実施例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、実施例1と同様の手順でPd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。
4wt%塩化白金酸26.6gを1Lの丸底フラスコに入れ、純水を加えて951.8gとした。これに冷却管を付けてマントルヒーターで加熱しながら60分間煮沸還流した。これに10wt%クエン酸ナトリウム水溶液48.2gを加えて煮沸還流を続けると、5分程度で、薄い橙色の溶液が急激に黒くなった。その後さらに1時間還流し、Ptコロイド溶液を作製した。このように作製されたPtコロイド溶液を、イオン交換樹脂(アンバーライトMB-1(オルガノ株式会社製))によってイオン交換し、不純物を取り除いた。このようにして得られた比較例1のPtコロイド溶液について、実施例1と同様の方法で過酸化水素分解活性を測定した。ただし、測定時に用いたPtコロイド溶液は、19μLであった。その結果、45秒間に発生した酸素発生量は0.06Lであった。
Pt還元用のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液を添加して30分間煮沸還流した後、PVP(ポリビニルピロリドン:平均分子量4万)624mgを2mLの純水に溶解して、煮沸還流中の反応系に添加し、さらに30分間煮沸還流した。それ以外の方法は、実施例1と同様とした。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を692.45gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を12.4gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を41.9gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ70g、105gであった。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が3原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。ただし、3原子層のPtの厚さは、(1+31/2)×Pt原子の直径(0.276nm)とした。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を695.51gとし、Pd還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を30gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を8.74gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を29.5gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド粒子調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ140g、75gであった。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は5nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を600.33gとし、Pd還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を60gとし、タンニン酸溶液の使用量を70gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を15.62gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を52.8gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド粒子調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ280g、135gであった。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は3nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を748.75gとし、Pd還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を8gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を1.6gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を5.4gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド粒子調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ40g、15gであった。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は25nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が1原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。Pt重量濃度は、実施例1と同様の手順で決定した。
Pdコロイド溶液調製時の純水量を744.24gとし、Pt原料液(塩化白金酸水溶液)の使用量を1.01gとし、Pt還元時のクエン酸ナトリウム溶液の使用量を3.5gとした以外は、実施例1と同じ製法でPd-Ptコロイド溶液を調製した。なお、Pdコロイド溶液調製後及びPtをPdコロイド粒子に担持させた後に使用したイオン交換樹脂は、それぞれ70g、18gであった。本比較例においても、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径を実施例1と同様の方法で求めたところ、Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径は10nmであった。また、本比較例では、Ptの原子層数が0.25原子層となるように、Pd-Ptコロイド溶液におけるPt重量濃度を決定した。まず、実施例1と同様の手順で原子層数が1の場合のPt重量濃度を決定した。次に、原子層数1の場合のPt重量濃度に0.25を乗じて、得られた値を0.25原子層数に必要なPt重量濃度とした。
Claims (3)
- Pdコロイド粒子と、前記Pdコロイド粒子の表面に担持されたPtとを含む貴金属コロイド粒子であって、
実質的に保護コロイドを含まず、
前記Pdコロイド粒子の平均粒径が7~20nmであり、
前記Pdコロイド粒子の表面に担持された前記Ptの量をPt原子の原子層数で示した場合に、前記Ptの量が0.5~2原子層である、
貴金属コロイド粒子。 - 溶媒と、前記溶媒に分散した貴金属コロイド粒子とを含む貴金属コロイド溶液であって、
前記貴金属コロイド粒子が請求項1に記載の貴金属コロイド粒子である、貴金属コロイド溶液。 - 請求項1に記載の貴金属コロイド粒子を含む、過酸化水素分解用触媒。
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EP10793850.8A EP2450133A4 (en) | 2009-07-01 | 2010-06-30 | COLLOIDAL PARTICLES OF NOBLE METAL, COLLOIDAL SOLUTION OF NOBLE METAL AND CATALYST FOR THE DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE |
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JP2016108609A (ja) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-20 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | パラジウムコロイド溶液及びその製造方法 |
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JP2004100040A (ja) | 2002-07-16 | 2004-04-02 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | コロイド溶液の製造方法およびコロイド粒子が表面に定着した担持体 |
JP2008525638A (ja) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-07-17 | ブルックヘヴン サイエンス アソシエイツ | 水素吸収により誘起されるパラジウム及びパラジウム合金粒子上への金属堆積 |
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JP2004100040A (ja) | 2002-07-16 | 2004-04-02 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | コロイド溶液の製造方法およびコロイド粒子が表面に定着した担持体 |
JP2008525638A (ja) * | 2004-12-22 | 2008-07-17 | ブルックヘヴン サイエンス アソシエイツ | 水素吸収により誘起されるパラジウム及びパラジウム合金粒子上への金属堆積 |
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WO2012090450A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 貴金属コロイド粒子及び貴金属コロイド溶液、並びに、酸素還元用触媒 |
JPWO2012090450A1 (ja) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-06-05 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 貴金属コロイド粒子及び貴金属コロイド溶液、並びに、酸素還元用触媒 |
JP2016108609A (ja) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-20 | 田中貴金属工業株式会社 | パラジウムコロイド溶液及びその製造方法 |
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