WO2010131839A2 - 고분자 전해질 다층박막 촉매 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
고분자 전해질 다층박막 촉매 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010131839A2 WO2010131839A2 PCT/KR2010/002137 KR2010002137W WO2010131839A2 WO 2010131839 A2 WO2010131839 A2 WO 2010131839A2 KR 2010002137 W KR2010002137 W KR 2010002137W WO 2010131839 A2 WO2010131839 A2 WO 2010131839A2
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polymer electrolyte
- thin film
- catalyst
- multilayer thin
- carrier
- Prior art date
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- MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 4-ethenylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 MAGFQRLKWCCTQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/50—Silver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
- B01J31/10—Ion-exchange resins sulfonated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B15/00—Peroxides; Peroxyhydrates; Peroxyacids or salts thereof; Superoxides; Ozonides
- C01B15/01—Hydrogen peroxide
- C01B15/029—Preparation from hydrogen and oxygen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S977/00—Nanotechnology
- Y10S977/70—Nanostructure
- Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a catalyst comprising a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film having metal particles inserted on a carrier, a method for preparing the same, and a method for directly producing hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen using the catalyst.
- the first problem is the problem of mixing oxygen and hydrogen.
- the mixture of oxygen and hydrogen has a very wide explosive range depending on the mixing ratio, so the risk of explosion is quite high.
- the concentration of hydrogen in the air is 4 to 75 mol%, which can be exploded by the ignition source. This range widens with increasing pressure, thereby increasing the probability of explosion [C. Samanta, V.R. Choudhary, Catal. Commun., Vol. 8, 73 (2007)]. Therefore, in the direct production reaction of hydrogen peroxide using hydrogen and oxygen as a reactant, methods such as controlling the mixing ratio of hydrogen and oxygen within a safe range and diluting the concentration of hydrogen and oxygen using an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide are used. It is becoming.
- the direct production of hydrogen peroxide has been carried out mainly using noble metal catalysts such as gold, platinum and palladium [P. Landon, P.J. Collier, A.J. Papworth, C.J. Kiely, G.J. Hutchings, Chem. Commun., P. 2058 (2002); G. Li, J. Edwards, A.F. Carley, G.J. Hutchings, Catal. Commun., Vol. 8, p. 247 (2007); D.P. Dissanayake, J.H. Lunsford, J. Catal., 206, 173 (2002); D.P. Dissanayake, J.H. Lunsford, J. Catal., Vol.
- noble metal catalysts such as gold, platinum and palladium
- the present inventors have tried to develop a catalyst which is easy to manufacture and shows high activity in producing hydrogen peroxide.
- a catalyst in which a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film containing metal particles is formed on a carrier yields a higher yield of hydrogen peroxide than a conventional catalyst. It can be confirmed, showing the high activity even under the condition of addition of only a very small amount of halogen ions without addition of acid to complete the present invention.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a catalyst having high activity in various reactions.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film in which metal particles are inserted on a carrier.
- Another object of the present invention to provide a method for producing hydrogen peroxide directly from hydrogen and oxygen using the catalyst.
- the present invention provides a catalyst, a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film formed on the surface of the carrier and a catalyst comprising a metal particle inserted in the multilayer thin film.
- the present invention also provides a method of forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film on a carrier; Inserting a metal precursor into the polymer electrolyte; And it provides a method for producing a catalyst comprising the step of reducing the metal precursor to a metal through a reducing agent.
- the present invention also comprises the steps of forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film complexed with a metal precursor on a carrier; And it provides a method for producing a catalyst comprising the step of reducing the metal precursor to metal particles through a reducing agent.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction solvent containing no acid promoter using the catalyst.
- the metal is strongly bonded between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin films, so that elution of the metal does not occur during the reaction, and thus the activity is not reduced.
- the catalyst according to the present invention can be used to increase the activity in various reactions using metal particles as a catalyst, as well as preparing hydrogen peroxide, while being easy to prepare.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method of preparing a catalyst by sequentially stacking a cationic and anionic polymer electrolyte on an anion carrier, mixing the metal precursor solution and reducing the metal.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a method of preparing a catalyst in a manner of sequentially stacking an anionic polymer electrolyte complexed with a cationic polymer electrolyte and a metal precursor on an anion carrier, and then reducing a metal.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a method of preparing a catalyst by sequentially stacking anionic and cationic polymer electrolytes on a cationic carrier, followed by mixing and reducing metal in a metal precursor solution.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a method of preparing a catalyst in a manner of sequentially stacking an anionic polymer electrolyte and a cationic polymer electrolyte complexed with a metal precursor on a cationic carrier, and then reducing metals.
- the present invention provides a catalyst comprising a carrier, a multilayer polymer electrolyte thin film formed on the surface of the carrier, and metal particles inserted into the multilayer thin film.
- the carrier of the present invention preferably has a constant charge so that the cationic or anionic polymer electrolyte can be easily fixed. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carrier is a cationic resin or an anionic resin.
- a polymer resin having a cationic functional group selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups, phosphoric acid groups, and phosphonic acid groups in the side chain can be used.
- the ion resin having a cationic functional group examples include fluorine polymer, benzimidazole polymer, polyimide polymer, polyetherimide polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, polysulfone polymer, polyether sulfone polymer, poly It may include one or more selected from ether ketone-based polymers, polyether-ether ketone-based polymers and polyphenylquinoxaline-based polymers, preferably poly (perfluorosulfonic acid) (generally marketed as Nafion) , Poly (perfluorocarboxylic acid), copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and fluorovinyl ether containing sulfonic acid group, defluorinated sulfide polyether ketone, aryl ketone, poly [2,2 '-(m-phenyl Lene) -5,5'-bibenzimidazole] and poly (2,5-benzimidazole).
- Anionic resins used in the carrier include halogen compounds and / or bicarbonate type anionic resins and carbonate and hydroxide type resins or mixtures thereof.
- halogen compound type resins are described in JP-A-57-139026, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- bicarbonate-type resins are described in WO 95/20559, WO 97/33850, RU Patents 2002726 and 2001901, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- Suitable anionic resins on the market are Amberlite TM IRA 400 and 900 classes (polystyrene-based resins crosslinked with divinylbenzene) (Rohm and Haas), Lewatit TM M 500 WS (Bayer), duol Duolite TM A 368, A-101D, ES-131 and A-161 (Rohm and Haas), and DOWEX TM MSA-1, Marathon A and Marathon the dow chemical company Etc.
- the carrier of the present invention may be a nonionic carrier, and such a nonionic carrier is not limited to the kind as long as a polymer electrolyte material having a charge can be formed on the carrier.
- suitable carriers for the present invention may be activated carbon, silica, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite and other materials well known in the art, preferably alumina. .
- Such nonionic carriers are inexpensive in terms of cost compared to the ionic resin carriers, and thus are frequently used in the art. Therefore, in the present invention, nonionic carriers such as alumina can be used in terms of cost reduction, even if they have the same efficiency or somewhat lower efficiency than the ionic resin carrier.
- the polymer electrolyte fixed to the surface of the carrier of the present invention is a cationic or anionic electrolyte.
- the cationic polymer electrolyte is at least one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly (allylamine), polydiallyldimethylammonium, poly (ethylenediamine), and poly (acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium), but is not limited thereto. .
- the anionic polymer electrolyte of the present invention is poly (4-styrenesulfonate), poly (acrylic acid), poly (acrylamide), poly (vinylphosphonic acid), poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 11-propanesulfonic acid), poly (antetolesulfonic acid) and poly (vinyl sulfonate), one or more electrolytes selected from the group consisting of, but not limited to.
- the cationic or anionic polymer electrolyte in various ways, the ionic bond strength of the polymer electrolyte can be controlled. Accordingly, when the metal precursor is reduced using a reducing agent, the size of the metal particles can be controlled.
- the thickness of the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film is controlled by controlling the molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte, and thus the concentration and particle size of the inserted metal can be controlled. Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the molecular weight of the polymer electrolyte is 1,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 2,000 to 500,000.
- a polymer electrolyte may be formed using a molecular weight of 3,000 to 20,000, preferably 4,000 to 12,000.
- the number of layers of the multilayer thin film of the polymer electrolyte of the present invention is 2 to 30, more preferably 2 to 15.
- the catalyst of the present invention is characterized in that the metal particles are inserted between the polymer electrolyte and not the surface of the carrier, through which the activity is very excellent compared to the catalyst consisting of a single layer of the polymer electrolyte. Therefore, if the number of layers of the multilayer thin film is less than 2, the multilayer thin film of the present invention cannot be formed. If the multilayer thin film is larger than 30, there is no significant difference in the activity, and it is unnecessary to form more layers.
- the metal particles embedded in the multilayer thin film of the present invention are palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, silver, osmium, nickel, copper, cobalt, titanium or mixtures thereof, preferably palladium, platinum or mixtures thereof.
- Such metal particles are produced by inserting a metal precursor into the polymer electrolyte and then reducing the metal precursor with a reducing agent.
- metal precursors containing palladium preferably used in the present invention include tetrachloroplatinic acid (II) (H 2 PtCl 4 ), hexachloroplatinic acid (IV) H 2 PtCl 6 ) and tetrachloroplatinum (II) potassium ( K 2 PtCl 4 ), hexachloroplatinic acid (IV) potassium (H 2 PtCl 6 ), or mixtures thereof, but is not limited thereto.
- the metal particles of the present invention can be variously adjusted according to the purpose of use, and the average size of the particles is 1 to 1,000 nm, preferably 1 to 500 nm, more preferably 1 to 100 nm.
- the present invention (a) by mixing the carrier with the first polymer electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution to form a multilayer polymer thin film on the carrier (wherein the first polymer The electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution are different from each other and are a cationic or anionic electrolyte solution; (b) mixing the carrier on which the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film is formed with a metal precursor solution to insert the metal precursor into the polymer electrolyte; And (c) provides a method for producing a catalyst comprising the step of reducing the metal precursor inserted into the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film to the metal through a reducing agent.
- Such a manufacturing method may come in several cases depending on the type of charge of the carrier used and the alternating order of the polymer electrolyte solution.
- the first embodiment is a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 -) using the (a) distilled water and with a solvent comprising: laminating a cationic polymer electrolyte on an anionic resin having an ion; (b) stacking an anionic polymer electrolyte on the stacked cationic polymer electrolyte; (c) repeating the lamination to form a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film; (d) inserting a material in which a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film is formed on a carrier into a metal precursor solution to insert metal ions between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film; And (e) preparing a catalyst by forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film including metal particles on a carrier, the method including reducing the metal interposed between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film through a reducing agent.
- SO 3 - sulfonic acid functional group
- a solvent for dissolving the polymer electrolyte used in the production method for example, water, normal-hexane (n-hexane), ethanol, triethylamine, THF (tetrahydrofuran), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), ethyl acetate, Isopropyl alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, benzene, butyl alcohol, chloroform, diethyl ether, or mixtures thereof can be used.
- the pH of the cationic polymer electrolyte solution used in the catalyst production method of the present invention is 8 to 11, more preferably 8 to 10.
- the pH of the anionic polymer electrolyte solution is 2 to 6, more preferably 4 to 6.
- the metal precursor used in the catalyst preparation method of the present invention can be used in addition to the general solvent such as distilled water, a precursor dissolved by adjusting the pH of the solution by adding an acid or a base. It is also possible to use two metal precursors simultaneously.
- the reducing agent used to reduce the metal precursor in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, a chemical reducing agent and hydrogen.
- the reducing agent is one of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ), hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), sodium formate (HCOONa), ammonium bicarbonate (NH 4 HCO 3 ), hydrogen (H 2 ) or other materials not limited thereto. It may be selected and used above, more preferably sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) or hydrogen (H 2 ) can be used.
- the present invention (a) by mixing the carrier with the first polymer electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution to form a multilayer polymer thin film on the carrier, wherein the The first polymer electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution are different from each other in a cationic or anionic manner, and at least one of the first polymer electrolyte solution and the second polymer electrolyte solution forms a complex with a metal precursor; And (b) provides a method for producing a catalyst comprising the step of reducing the metal precursor inserted into the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film to the metal through a reducing agent.
- Such a manufacturing method may come in several cases depending on the type of charge of the carrier used, the type of the polymer electrolyte solution or the polymer electrolyte solution complexed with the metal sphere, and the order of their alternation.
- the first embodiment is a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 -) using the (a) distilled water and with a solvent comprising: laminating a cationic polymer electrolyte on an anionic resin having an ion; (b) stacking an anionic polymer electrolyte complexed with metal ions on the stacked cationic polymer electrolyte; (c) repeating the lamination to form a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film; (d) inserting a material in which the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film is formed on the carrier into a metal precursor solution to insert metal ions between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film; And (e) forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film including metal particles on a carrier, the method including reducing the metal interposed between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film through a reducing agent.
- SO 3 - sulfonic acid functional group
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film formed according to the manufacturing method of the present invention has electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, van der waals interaction or covalent between each layer. bonding to form a highly stable structure physicochemically, and the metal interposed between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film is present in an encapsulation form or an embedded form. In addition, these intercalated metal particles are very strongly bonded with the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film by electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, van der waals interaction or covalent bonding. It is.
- one of the problems of the metal-supported catalyst prepared by the conventional technology is the problem of dissolution caused by elution during the reaction, the catalyst production method of inserting a metal between the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film provided by the present invention This can be solved fundamentally.
- the present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen in a reaction solvent containing no acid promoter in the presence of the catalyst.
- the hydrogen peroxide production may be carried out in a liquid phase reaction using methanol, ethanol or water as a solvent (reaction medium). It is preferable to use a mixed gas diluted with nitrogen in order to reduce the explosion risk for the reactants, such as oxygen and hydrogen, and the volume ratio of hydrogen: oxygen: nitrogen is 3:40:57, and the total gas amount used in the reaction and the rate of solvent
- the ratio is maintained at a reaction pressure of 30 to 60 bar, more preferably 45 to 55 bar, and a reaction temperature of 20 to 40 ° C using a tubular reactor equipped with a coolant jacket while maintaining the ratio of about 3200. It is good to proceed.
- halogen additives include hydrobromic acid and sodium bromide (NaBr). ), Potassium bromide (KBr), and the like.
- concentration of the halogen additive is preferably 1 to 100 ppm based on the mass of methanol used as the solvent, more preferably 5 to 50 ppm and most preferably 10 to 20 ppm.
- reaction time was fixed at 150 hours unless otherwise specified in order to compare the activity of each catalyst in the reaction for producing hydrogen peroxide directly from oxygen and hydrogen.
- a method of forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film including metal particles on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ) is as follows. All procedures were conducted at room temperature.
- PAH Poly (allyamine) hydrochloride (weight molecular weight 56,000) aqueous solution and 10 mM PSS (Poly (4-styrenesulfonate), weight molecular weight 70,000) aqueous solution were prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 9 using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. It was. K 2 PdCl 4 was used as a palladium precursor to dissolve in distilled water to 1 mM, and then the pH was adjusted to 3.
- the PAH layer was formed on the anionic ion resin having the sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ) in 300 ml of 10 mM PSS aqueous solution and stirred for 20 minutes. After removing the solution remaining in the beaker, and put again in distilled water 300 ml and washed for 5 minutes was repeated three times. Thereafter, the above process was repeated such that the number of multilayer thin films was 7.
- the material in which the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed on the anionic ion resin having the sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ) was placed in 250 ml of 1 mM K 2 PdCl 4 aqueous solution, and stirred for 30 minutes. After removing the solution remaining in the beaker, and put again in distilled water 300 ml and washed for 5 minutes was repeated three times.
- the method for producing hydrogen peroxide from oxygen and hydrogen reaction using the material prepared by the above process as a catalyst is as follows.
- Example 2-9 Formation of Polymer Electrolyte Multilayer Thin Film on Anionic Carrier
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed by varying the type of the cationic / anionic polymer electrolyte, the pH of the aqueous polymer electrolyte solution, and the number of laminations.
- the catalytic activity evaluation method was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- PAH Poly (allyamine) hydrochloride, weight molecular weight 56,000
- PDDA Polydiallyldimethylammonium
- PEI Poly (ethyleneimine), weight molecular weight 25,000
- PS Poly (4-styrenesulfonate), molecular weight 70,000
- PAA Poly (acrylic) acid
- a method of forming a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film containing metal particles on a halogen-containing strongly basic cationic (NR 3 + Cl ⁇ ) ion resin is as follows. All procedures were conducted at room temperature.
- Hydrogen peroxide was prepared from oxygen and hydrogen reaction in the same manner as in Example 1 using the prepared material as a catalyst.
- Example 11-15 Formation of Polymer Electrolyte Multilayer Thin Film on Cationic (Strong-Based) Carrier
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed by changing the type of the cationic / anionic polymer electrolyte, the pH of the polymer electrolyte solution, and the number of laminations with Example 10.
- the catalytic activity evaluation method was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 16 Forming a Polymer Electrolyte Multilayer Thin Film on a Cationic (Base)
- Ammonia-containing weakly basic cationic (NH 2 ) ion resin was used as the type of carrier, except that the multilayer polymer electrolyte thin film was formed under the same conditions as in Example 10. And activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 10. As a result, the prepared catalyst contained 0.2% of palladium, and as a result of the activity evaluation, a hydrogen peroxide yield of 5.4 wt% and a hydrogen selectivity of 68% were obtained.
- Example 17-22 formation of a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film on a nonionic carrier
- a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film including metal particles was formed on an alumina inorganic carrier.
- the catalyst production method and activity evaluation method except for the carrier type were the same as in Example 1.
- Example 23 Forming an anionic polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film complexed with a metal precursor on an anionic carrier
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ), but using an anionic polymer electrolyte (PSS --- Pd 2+ ) complexed with a metal was used. Laminated.
- the anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution complexed with the metal was composed of 10 mM PSS and 0.25 mM K 2 PdCl 4, and the pH was adjusted to 5.
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film in which metal particles are inserted on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ) is reduced in the same manner as in Example 1 without a separate metal ion introduction process. Formed.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.25 wt% of palladium.
- Example 24 Formation of a cationic polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film complexed with a metal precursor on an anionic carrier
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ), but a cationic polymer electrolyte (PAH --- PdCl 4 2- ) complexed with a metal was used. Laminated by. The cationic polymer electrolyte solution complexed with the metal was composed of 10 mM PAH and 0.25 mM K 2 PdCl 4 , and the pH was adjusted to 5.
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film in which metal particles are inserted on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ) is reduced in the same manner as in Example 1 without a separate metal ion introduction process. Formed.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.19 wt% of palladium.
- Example 25 Formation of an anionic polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film complexed with a metal precursor on a cationic carrier
- Example 10 a multilayer polymer electrolyte thin film was formed on a halogen-containing cationic (NR 3 + Cl ⁇ ) ion resin, but using an anionic polymer electrolyte (PSS --- Pd 2+ ) complexed with a metal was used. Laminated.
- the anionic polyelectrolyte aqueous solution complexed with the metal was composed of 10 mM PSS and 0.25 mM K 2 PdCl 4 , and the pH was adjusted to 5.
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film in which metal particles are inserted on a halogen-containing cationic (NR 3 + Cl ⁇ ) ion resin is reduced in the same manner as in Example 10 without any additional metal ion introduction process. Formed.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.18 wt% of palladium.
- Example 26 Formation of a Cationic Polymer Electrolyte Multilayer Thin Film Complexed with a Metal Precursor on a Cationic Carrier
- Example 10 In the same manner as in Example 10, a polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film was formed on a halogen-containing cationic (NR 3 + Cl ⁇ ) ion resin, but a cationic polymer electrolyte (PAH --- PdCl 4 2- ) having a complex with a metal was used. Laminated by. The cationic polymer electrolyte solution complexed with the metal was composed of 10 mM PAH and 0.25 mM K 2 PdCl 4 , and the pH was adjusted to 5.
- the polymer electrolyte multilayer thin film in which metal particles are inserted on a halogen-containing cationic (NR 3 + Cl ⁇ ) ion resin is reduced in the same manner as in Example 10 without any additional metal ion introduction process. Formed.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.14 wt% of palladium.
- Example 2 Activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using a commercially available Pd / C catalyst loaded with 1 wt% palladium on activated carbon. As a result of the activity evaluation, the hydrogen peroxide yield was 0.1 wt% and the hydrogen selectivity 30% after 48 hours. Got.
- the activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using a catalyst on a commercial resin doped with palladium of 0.23wt% on an anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ). After 80 hours, a yield of 2.9 wt% hydrogen peroxide and 68% hydrogen selectivity were obtained.
- aqueous solution 300 ml of 10 mM PAH aqueous solution was added to a beaker containing 10 g of anionic ion resin having a sulfonic acid functional group (SO 3 ⁇ ), followed by stirring for 20 minutes. Thereafter, palladium metal ions were inserted between the anionic ion resin and the cationic polymer electrolyte in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a metal was reduced by using a reducing agent to prepare a catalyst.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.12 wt% of palladium.
- Activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the activity evaluation resulted in a hydrogen peroxide yield of 1.4 wt% and a hydrogen selectivity of 67% after 80 hours of reaction time.
- Activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the activity evaluation resulted in a hydrogen peroxide yield of 0.4 wt% and a hydrogen selectivity of 62% after 80 hours of reaction time.
- Example 2 300 ml of 10 mM PSS aqueous solution was added to a beaker containing 10 g of an alumina inorganic carrier, followed by stirring for 20 minutes. Thereafter, palladium metal ions were inserted between the carrier and the anionic polymer electrolyte in the same manner as in Example 1, and then a metal was reduced by using a reducing agent to prepare a catalyst.
- the prepared catalyst contains 0.07 wt% of palladium.
- Activity evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and the activity evaluation resulted in a hydrogen peroxide yield of 0.8 wt% and a hydrogen selectivity of 64% after 80 hours of reaction time.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 담체, 상기 담체의 표면에 형성된 고분자 전해질 다층 박막 및 상기 다층 박막에 삽입된 금속 입자를 포함하는 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 담체는 양이온 수지, 음이온 수지 또는 비이온성 담체인 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 고분자 전해질 다층 박막은 양이온계 고분자 전해질 및 음이온계 고분자 전해질이 교대로 반복되어 이루어진 촉매.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 양이온계 고분자 전해질은 폴리(알릴아민), 폴리디알릴디메틸암모늄, 폴리(에틸렌디아민) 및 폴리(아크릴아미드-코-디알릴디메틸암모늄)로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전해질인 촉매.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 음이온계 고분자 전해질은 폴리(4-스티렌설포네이트), 폴리(아클릴산), 폴리(아크릴 아미드), 폴리(비닐포스폰산), 폴리(2-아크릴아미도-2-메틸-11-프로판술폰산), 폴리(아네톨레술폰산) 및 폴리(비닐 설포네이트)로 이루어진 군 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 전해질인 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 고분자 전해질의 분자량은 1,000 내지 1,000,000인 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 다층 박막의 층수는 2 내지 15인 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 금속 입자는 팔라듐, 백금, 루테늄, 로듐, 이리듐, 은, 오스미움, 니켈, 구리, 코발트, 티타늄 또는 이의 혼합물인 촉매.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 금속 입자의 평균크기가 1 내지 1,000 nm인 촉매.
- (a) 담체를 제 1 고분자 전해질 용액 및 제 2 고분자 전해질 용액과 교대로 혼합하여, 상기 담체 상에 고분자 다층 박막을 형성시키는 단계, 여기서 상기 제1 고분자 전해질 용액 및 제2 고분자 전해질 용액은 서로 상이하게 양이온계 또는 음이온계 전해질 용액임;(b) 상기 고분자 전해질 다층박막이 형성된 담체를 금속 전구체 용액과 혼합하여, 상기 고분자 전해질에 상기 금속 전구체를 삽입하는 단계; 및(c) 상기 다층박막에 삽입된 금속 전구체를 환원제를 이용하여 금속으로 환원하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- (a) 담체를 제 1 고분자 전해질 용액 및 제2 고분자 전해질 용액과 교대로 혼합하여, 상기 담체 상에 고분자 다층 박막을 형성시키는 단계, 여기서 상기 제 1 고분자 전해질 용액 및 제 2 고분자 전해질 용액은 서로 상이하게 양이온계 또는 음이온계이고, 상기 제1 고분자 전해질 용액 또는 제2 고분자 전해질 용액 중 하나 이상은 금속 전구체와 착물을 형성한 것임;(b) 상기 고분자 전해질 다층박막에 삽입된 금속 전구체를 환원제를 통해 금속으로 환원하는 단계를 포함하는 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 10항 또는 제 11항에 있어서,상기 양이온계 고분자 전해질 용액의 pH는 8 내지 11이며, 상기 음이온계 고분자 전해질 용액의 pH는 2 내지 6인 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 10항 또는 제 11항에 있어서,상기 환원제는 수소화붕소나트륨(NaBH4), 히드라진(N2H4), 포름산나트륨(HCOONa), 탄산수소암모늄(NH4HCO3) 또는 수소(H2)로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 촉매의 제조방법.
- 제 1항 내지 제 9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 촉매의 존재 하에서 수소와 산소로부터 과산화수소를 제조하는 방법.
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US9718013B2 (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2017-08-01 | Kx Technologies Llc | Formation and immobilization of small particles by using polyelectrolyte multilayers |
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WO2019059625A1 (ko) * | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-28 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 담체-나노 입자 복합체, 이를 포함하는 촉매 및 촉매를 포함하는 전기화학 전지 및 담체-나노 입자 복합체의 제조방법 |
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US11484865B2 (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2022-11-01 | Yale University | Hydrogen peroxide selective catalysts, methods of using thereof, and methods of making thereof |
US11328877B2 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2022-05-10 | Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University | Redox-mediated poly(vinylphosphonic acid) useful in capacitors |
CN111313036B (zh) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽正洁高新材料股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电极用铂金催化剂及其制备方法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140154168A1 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-06-05 | Solvay Sa | Process to obtain hydrogen peroxide, and catalyst supports for the same process |
US9610573B2 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2017-04-04 | Solvay Sa | Process to obtain hydrogen peroxide, and catalyst supports for the same process |
CN108480155A (zh) * | 2011-12-30 | 2018-09-04 | 米其林集团总公司 | 来自多层薄膜的改进的内衬阻挡层 |
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MY173052A (en) | 2019-12-23 |
US20120051999A1 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
KR101474571B1 (ko) | 2014-12-19 |
KR20100122654A (ko) | 2010-11-23 |
US8784769B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
TW201039916A (en) | 2010-11-16 |
CN102421525B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
WO2010131839A3 (ko) | 2011-01-06 |
CN102421525A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
EP2431093B1 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
US20130004411A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
JP2012526652A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
EP2431093A2 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
JP5504337B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
MY157844A (en) | 2016-07-29 |
SA110310371B1 (ar) | 2014-10-16 |
TWI476049B (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2431093A4 (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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