WO2010131412A1 - シリコンウェーハおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
シリコンウェーハおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010131412A1 WO2010131412A1 PCT/JP2010/002613 JP2010002613W WO2010131412A1 WO 2010131412 A1 WO2010131412 A1 WO 2010131412A1 JP 2010002613 W JP2010002613 W JP 2010002613W WO 2010131412 A1 WO2010131412 A1 WO 2010131412A1
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
- H01L21/3221—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections of silicon bodies, e.g. for gettering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/322—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections
- H01L21/3221—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to modify their internal properties, e.g. to produce internal imperfections of silicon bodies, e.g. for gettering
- H01L21/3225—Thermally inducing defects using oxygen present in the silicon body for intrinsic gettering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/324—Thermal treatment for modifying the properties of semiconductor bodies, e.g. annealing, sintering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon wafer having high gettering ability that is suitably used for a substrate for a semiconductor device and the like, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a silicon wafer used as a substrate for a semiconductor device is generally cut out from a silicon single crystal ingot grown by the Czochralski method (hereinafter referred to as “CZ method”) and manufactured through a process such as polishing.
- CZ method Czochralski method
- the silicon wafer contains oxygen as an impurity, and this oxygen impurity forms an oxygen precipitate (hereinafter referred to as “BMD (Bulk Micro Defect)”) that causes dislocations, defects, and the like.
- BMD Bulk Micro Defect
- minute nuclei oxygen precipitation nuclei
- a heat treatment such as an oxidation heat treatment in a device manufacturing process.
- the BMD formed inside the wafer becomes a gettering site that captures contamination impurities (particularly metal impurities) and removes them from the wafer surface layer.
- an apparatus that generates metal contamination such as a dry etching process, may be used, and it is extremely important that the wafer has an excellent gettering capability.
- a wafer is heat-treated in an atmosphere containing a nitriding gas such as NH 3 to inject vacancies inside the wafer, and then subjected to high-temperature heat treatment to form a defect-free layer (hereinafter referred to as “DZ layer”) on the wafer surface.
- a silicon wafer manufacturing method has been proposed in which oxygen precipitation heat treatment is performed to deposit BMD therein.
- N 2 nitrogen
- N 2 nitrogen
- the nitriding gas can be reduced at a low heat treatment temperature or a short heat treatment time. It is said that it can be decomposed and holes can be injected inside, and the occurrence of slip during heat treatment can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 after the wafer is subjected to extrinsic gettering by a poly back seal method, rapid heating and rapid cooling in a reducing atmosphere is performed in order to remove COP (Crystal Originated Particle) on the wafer surface.
- a method of manufacturing a silicon wafer is described in which a rapid thermal annealing process, that is, an RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) process (hereinafter referred to as “RTA process”) is performed on a wafer using an apparatus.
- RTA process Rapid Thermal Annealing
- Patent Document 1 has a problem that the gettering ability is low after holes are injected into the wafer and oxygen precipitation heat treatment is performed to sufficiently precipitate BMD. Therefore, for example, the wafer may be contaminated (particularly metal contamination) while the oxygen precipitation heat treatment is performed in the heat treatment furnace.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a silicon wafer in which no crystal defects exist in the surface layer portion of the wafer and the gettering ability is further improved, and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the gettering method includes external gettering for forming a gettering site for capturing contaminant impurities on the back surface of the wafer, and internal gettering for forming inside the wafer, for example, below the device formation layer. (Intrinsic Gettering).
- the present inventor attempted to form a gettering site in the wafer and also to form a gettering site on the back surface of the wafer.
- a silicon wafer is subjected to an RTA process in a nitriding gas atmosphere, and then a polysilicon layer is formed on the back side of the wafer to form an external gettering site, followed by the RTA process.
- BMD is deposited inside the wafer to form an internal gettering site by performing heat treatment at a temperature lower than the processing temperature.
- the gist of the present invention is the following (1) or (2) silicon wafer production method and the following (3) to (5) silicon wafer produced by the method.
- a silicon wafer manufacturing method hereinafter referred to as “first manufacturing method”.
- a wafer having a defect-free region as a silicon wafer to be subjected to the RTA process because a defect-free layer can be stably secured on the surface layer of the wafer.
- the step of forming the oxide film includes a step of heating the wafer in an oxidizing atmosphere after treating the wafer surface with hydrofluoric acid, or After polishing, a process including an operation of heating the wafer in an oxidizing atmosphere can be employed.
- a heat treatment is performed on the silicon wafer produced by the first or second production method at a temperature lower than the treatment temperature in the RTA treatment (this heat treatment is also referred to as “oxygen precipitation heat treatment”). It is desirable to adopt an embodiment in which a defect layer is formed and oxygen is deposited in the internal vacancies. By this manufacturing method, it is possible to obtain a silicon wafer having a high gettering capability subjected to external gettering and internal gettering and having a defect-free layer formed on the surface layer of the wafer.
- a silicon wafer having a high gettering capability which is manufactured by the first or second manufacturing method.
- a silicon wafer having high gettering capability wherein a precipitation nucleus that forms an oxygen precipitate layer by heat treatment performed in a semiconductor device manufacturing process inside the wafer, and a polysilicon layer on the back surface of the wafer
- a silicon wafer having a high gettering capability wherein the silicon wafer has an oxygen precipitate layer inside the wafer and a polysilicon layer on the back surface of the wafer.
- the method for producing a silicon wafer of the present invention it is possible to produce a silicon wafer having a defect-free layer in the surface layer portion and having improved gettering ability by performing external gettering and internal gettering. Further, by performing external gettering, it is possible to provide gettering ability until BMD is sufficiently formed inside the wafer by oxygen precipitation heat treatment or heat treatment performed in the device manufacturing process. External gettering is applied by forming a polysilicon layer on the back side of the wafer. The internal gettering is applied by a polysilicon layer forming process and further an oxygen precipitation heat treatment, or by a heat treatment in a device manufacturing process in which the wafer is used as a material.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a wafer having a high gettering capability, which is manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, is subjected to external gettering and internal gettering, and improves the gettering capability as a whole wafer. It can be suitably used for a substrate for a device. Further, by performing external gettering, it is possible to provide gettering ability until BMD is sufficiently formed inside the wafer by oxygen precipitation heat treatment or heat treatment performed in the device manufacturing process.
- FIG. 1 shows the relationship between V (silicon single crystal pulling rate) / G (temperature gradient in the growth direction in the single crystal immediately after pulling) and interstitial silicon type point defect concentration and vacancy type point defect concentration.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the BMD density in the silicon wafer manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention in comparison with the comparative example as a result of the example.
- the first manufacturing method of the present invention includes a step of subjecting a silicon wafer cut from a silicon single crystal ingot grown by the CZ method to RTA treatment in a nitriding gas atmosphere, and both surfaces of the wafer after the RTA treatment. Forming an oxide film on the surface, forming a polysilicon layer on both surfaces of the wafer on which the oxide film is formed, and removing a surface-side polysilicon layer from the polysilicon layers formed on both surfaces of the wafer It is the method characterized by having. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- the wafer as the material of the silicon wafer of the present invention is a silicon wafer cut out from a silicon single crystal ingot grown by CZ method.
- RTA treatment holes are injected from the surface layer portion to the inside of the material wafer, and as described later, a high density BMD can be formed inside the wafer by performing an oxygen precipitation heat treatment. It is also possible to form a high-density BMD inside the wafer by performing the heat treatment accompanying the process after the wafer is subjected to the device manufacturing process as a material such as a substrate for a semiconductor device without performing the oxygen precipitation heat treatment.
- a silicon wafer obtained from a single crystal ingot containing a crystal defect such as COP grown by a normal CZ method can be used as a raw material as well as a wafer having a defect-free region on the entire surface described later.
- the oxygen concentration in the wafer is preferably 7 ⁇ 10 17 to 16 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM F-121, 1979). If the oxygen concentration is less than 7 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 , the formation of BMD precipitation nuclei itself is suppressed, and the amount of BMD inside the wafer decreases. Furthermore, there arises a problem that the strength of the wafer itself is weakened.
- the RTA treatment is performed in a nitriding gas atmosphere.
- a nitriding gas atmosphere By performing the RTA process in a nitriding gas atmosphere, holes can be injected into the wafer.
- the composition of the atmospheric gas is not particularly defined, but it is a mixture of NH 3 (ammonia) and an inert gas that can decompose at a temperature lower than N 2 to form a nitride film on the wafer surface and inject holes into the wafer. Gas is preferred.
- Ar gas containing 0.5% NH 3 used in Examples described later is suitable.
- the temperature and time during the RTA treatment may be set to an appropriate temperature and time in consideration of the density of the oxygen precipitate (BMD) layer formed inside by heat treatment (oxygen precipitation treatment) to be performed later. If the treatment temperature is too low, the treatment takes time, and if it is too high, the silicon melts. Therefore, it is desirable to perform heat treatment in the range of 1150 ° C. to the melting point of silicon (1410 ° C.).
- the treatment time depends on the treatment temperature, but is preferably 60 seconds or less from the viewpoint of reducing the occurrence of slip. Further, in the temperature raising process of the RTA treatment, it is desirable that the temperature raising rate is in the range of 10 to 150 ° C./sec.
- the temperature decrease rate in the temperature decrease step is preferably in the range of 10 to 150 ° C./sec.
- a conventionally used apparatus may be used.
- Use of a lamp annealing furnace heated by a halogen lamp is desirable because it can quickly raise and lower the temperature, and can perform processing without applying an excessive amount of heat to the silicon wafer.
- (B) Step of forming oxide film on both surfaces of silicon wafer after RTA treatment An oxide film is formed on both surfaces of the silicon wafer after the RTA treatment described above.
- the method for forming the oxide film is not particularly limited. For example, a method in which the surface of a silicon wafer is treated with hydrofluoric acid and then the wafer is heated in an atmosphere containing oxygen (air) at 600 to 700 ° C. for about 10 minutes can be applied. Further, after the surface of the silicon wafer is polished, the heat treatment may be similarly performed.
- Step of forming polysilicon layers on both surfaces of the silicon wafer A polysilicon layer is formed on both surfaces of the silicon wafer after the oxide film is applied.
- BMD precipitation nuclei are grown, near the center of the wafer (in the vicinity of the center, within the range of 350 to 450 ⁇ m from the wafer surface) and near the surface (inside the wafer, 50 to 150 ⁇ m from the wafer surface). BMD can be increased within the range of
- the polysilicon layer may be formed by a commonly used CVD method. That is, a source gas such as monosilane (SiH 4 ) is introduced into the reaction furnace, and Si is deposited and grown on the wafer surface heated to 600 to 700 ° C.
- the layer thickness is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the polysilicon layer is left as a gettering site in the next step and functions as a gettering site. However, if the layer thickness is 0.1 ⁇ m or more, the polysilicon layer has sufficient gettering ability. On the other hand, when the layer thickness exceeds 10 ⁇ m, productivity decreases.
- the process of removing the surface side polysilicon layer The surface side polysilicon layer is removed from the polysilicon layers formed on both sides of the silicon wafer. This is because the front side of the wafer is secured as an active region for forming a device, and an external gettering site is formed on the back side of the wafer. Even if the active region of the wafer is contaminated with metal impurities before the BMD functioning as a gettering site is formed inside the wafer by the oxygen precipitation heat treatment performed later or the heat treatment performed in the device manufacturing process, Contaminating impurities can be removed from the active region by external gettering applied to the back side of the wafer.
- the removal of the polysilicon layer may be performed by mechanical polishing, but is not limited thereto. Any method that can remove the polysilicon layer without affecting the flatness of the silicon wafer surface is applicable. For example, it is possible to apply chemical processing such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and grinding, or chemical processing such as acid etching, which is well known as a processing technique for the silicon wafer surface.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- grinding or chemical processing such as acid etching
- the thickness to be removed should be several times the thickness of the formed polysilicon layer or more. Is desirable. For example, as shown in the examples described later, when a polysilicon layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m is formed, it is desirable to remove about 10 ⁇ m from the surface.
- the second manufacturing method of the present invention includes a step of subjecting a silicon wafer cut from a silicon single crystal ingot grown by the CZ method to an RTA treatment in a nitriding gas atmosphere, and a back surface of the wafer after the RTA treatment. And forming a polysilicon layer on the back surface of the wafer on which the oxide film has been formed.
- the RTA process in the nitriding gas atmosphere is the same as the RTA process in the first manufacturing method.
- the formation of the next oxide film and the formation of the polysilicon layer are the same as those in the first manufacturing method except that the formation is performed only on the back surface, not on both surfaces of the silicon wafer. Since the polysilicon layer is formed on the rear surface while leaving the front surface side of the silicon wafer from the beginning, the step of removing the front surface side polysilicon layer performed in the first manufacturing method becomes unnecessary.
- the formation of the polysilicon layer on the back side of the silicon wafer can be performed by a method such as covering the surface of the wafer with a specific jig or coating material and exposing only the back side.
- the front side of the wafer can be secured as an active region for forming a device, and an external gettering site can be formed on the back side of the wafer.
- a defect-free layer can be stably secured on the wafer surface layer portion.
- wafer made of defect-free regions refers to interstitial silicon-type point defect aggregates (called “dislocation clusters”) introduced during single crystal growth, and vacancy-type point defect aggregates ( It is a silicon wafer consisting of a perfect region in which no nucleation region exists (referred to as “COP”) and OSF (Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault).
- COP silicon wafer consisting of a perfect region in which no nucleation region exists
- OSF Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault
- the silicon single crystal ingot used for the production of a wafer composed of the defect-free region has a V / G of V / G, where V is the pulling speed of the single crystal and G is the temperature gradient in the growth direction in the single crystal immediately after pulling. It is obtained by maintaining within the proper range described below.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram shown in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 and schematically shows the relationship between V / G, interstitial silicon type point defect concentration, and vacancy type point defect concentration. This figure explains that the boundary between the vacancy region and the interstitial silicon region is determined by V / G, and is called the Boronkov theory.
- a region where the horizontal axis V / G is smaller than the critical point is a region where interstitial silicon type point defects exist predominantly, and a region [I] where V / G is smaller than (V / G) I. Is a region where agglomerates (dislocation clusters) of interstitial silicon type point defects exist.
- a region where V / G is larger than the critical point is a region where vacancy-type point defects exist predominantly, and a region [V] where V / G is larger than (V / G) V is a vacancy-type point defect. This is a region where aggregates (COP) exist.
- the region [P] between (V / G) I and (V / G) V is a perfect region where there are no interstitial silicon type point defect aggregates or void type point defect aggregates.
- the side where the interstitial silicon type point defects are dominant with respect to the critical point is the region [P I ]
- the side where the vacancy type point defects are dominant is the region [P V ].
- an OSF nucleus forming region where an OSF (Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault) nucleus is formed exists in the region [V] adjacent to the region [P].
- this wafer does not contain crystal defects in COP, dislocation clusters, and OSF nucleation regions, some of these defects remain without being removed by oxygen precipitation heat treatment performed after RTA treatment and polysilicon layer formation.
- the defect-free layer can be stably secured on the wafer surface layer. Further, since there are few interstitial silicon type point defects that eliminate vacancies, vacancies necessary for oxygen precipitation can be efficiently injected by the RTA treatment.
- BMD is increased in the range of (1), and a defect-free layer is formed in the surface layer portion of the wafer on which the semiconductor device is formed.
- This wafer is transferred to the device manufacturing process as a material such as a substrate for a semiconductor device, and during the heat treatment accompanying the process, oxygen precipitation continues to progress inside the wafer and the BMD density increases, and the polysilicon layer In addition to external gettering, internal gettering is also performed.
- the oxygen precipitation heat treatment may be performed according to a commonly performed method.
- the conditions employed in the examples described later that is, by performing a heat treatment in a heat treatment furnace at 1000 ° C. for 16 hours in an air atmosphere, oxygen precipitation is promoted inside the wafer and high density BMD is obtained. Is formed. Further, in the wafer surface layer portion, the voids are diffused outward, and COP and the like are removed by the interstitial silicon that is implanted to form a defect-free layer.
- This oxygen precipitation heat treatment promotes oxygen precipitation inside the wafer to increase the BMD density, and in addition to external gettering by the polysilicon layer, internal gettering with high gettering ability is performed. On the other hand, a defect-free layer is formed in the wafer surface layer portion. Therefore, in addition to the external gettering, internal gettering having high capability is performed in addition to the heat treatment in the device manufacturing process, and a silicon wafer having a defect-free layer formed on the wafer surface layer portion is obtained.
- a defect-free layer is formed on the wafer surface layer, and external gettering is performed by forming a polysilicon layer on the back side of the wafer, and BMD is deposited inside the wafer.
- a silicon wafer having an improved gettering capability as a whole wafer that has been subjected to internal gettering can be manufactured.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a silicon wafer having a high gettering capability and is manufactured by the method for manufacturing a silicon wafer of the present invention.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention has a polysilicon layer functioning as an external gettering site on the back surface side of the wafer, and near the center of the wafer (from the wafer surface) during the formation process of the polysilicon layer.
- BMDs acting as internal gettering sites are formed near the surface (within a range of 350 to 450 ⁇ m) and near the surface (within a range of 50 to 150 ⁇ m from the wafer surface).
- a defect-free layer is formed on the surface layer portion of the wafer. While this wafer is subjected to heat treatment in the device manufacturing process as a device manufacturing material, oxygen precipitation continues to progress inside the wafer and the BMD density increases.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a silicon wafer having a high gettering ability as a whole wafer subjected to external gettering and internal gettering.
- the internal gettering site is not necessarily sufficient until the wafer is subjected to a heat treatment in the device manufacturing process or an oxygen precipitation heat treatment to sufficiently precipitate BMD.
- the gettering site functions as a gettering site until BMD is sufficiently formed inside the wafer by heat treatment or oxygen precipitation heat treatment in the device manufacturing process.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a wafer having a defect-free region, since there is no crystal defect of COP, OSF nucleation region and dislocation cluster from the material stage, there is a risk that some of these defects may remain. There is no. Further, as described above, vacancies necessary for oxygen precipitation can be efficiently injected by the RTA process, so that high-density BMD can be precipitated inside the wafer. Therefore, the wafer can be used for device manufacture as a wafer having external gettering capability and high internal gettering capability.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a wafer that has been subjected to an oxygen precipitation heat treatment, the BMD density is increased, and in addition to external gettering by the polysilicon layer, internal gettering with high gettering capability is performed, It is a wafer having an excellent gettering ability as a whole wafer.
- An RTA processing furnace using two types of silicon wafers having a defect-free region with a diameter of 200 mm and oxygen concentrations of 11 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 and 15 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM F-121, 1979) was used to perform RTA treatment in a nitriding gas atmosphere (Ar gas containing 0.5% NH 3 ). Subsequently, an oxide film was formed on both surfaces of the wafer, a polysilicon layer having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m was formed, and then the polysilicon layer on the surface side of the wafer was removed (removed thickness: 15 ⁇ m).
- the cross section of the wafer was selectively etched to measure the BMD density.
- the same measurement was performed for only the RTA treatment (Comparative Example 1) and when the RTA treatment was performed after forming the polysilicon layer by changing the process order (Comparative Example 2).
- the silicon wafers having an oxygen concentration of 11 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 were designated as sample 3-1, sample 1-1, and sample 2-1, respectively, in the present invention example, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2.
- the silicon wafers of 15 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 were designated as sample 3-2, sample 1-2, and sample 2-2 in the present invention example, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2, respectively.
- Table 1 shows the temperature raising conditions, the processing temperature and time during film formation, the temperature lowering conditions, and the like.
- Formation of the oxide film was performed by etching both surfaces of the silicon wafer after RTA treatment with a 6% hydrofluoric acid solution and then heating at 665 ° C. for 10 minutes in an oxygen-containing atmosphere (air). .
- BMD density is measured by cleaving a silicon wafer, and selectively etching the cleaved wafer cross section to a depth of 2 ⁇ m with Secco liquid, and then near the wafer surface (in the depth range from 50 to 150 ⁇ m from the wafer surface). And two locations in the vicinity of the center (sites within the range of 350 to 450 ⁇ m in the depth direction from the wafer surface) were observed with a microscope, and the BMD density was calculated based on the observation results.
- Table 3 shows the BMD density measurement results.
- FIG. 2 shows the measurement results, and shows the BMD density of the silicon wafer manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention in comparison with the comparative example.
- the BMD density was high both near the wafer surface and near the wafer center. This is considered to be due to the growth of BMD precipitation nuclei in the polysilicon layer forming step.
- the BMD density of the sample having an oxygen concentration of 15 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 is higher than the BMD density of the sample having an oxygen concentration of 11 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3. This is probably because the number of BMD precipitation nuclei inside is large.
- Example 2-1 and sample 2-2 formation of polysilicon layer ⁇ RTA process
- the polysilicon layer prevents the holes from being injected into the silicon wafer during the RTA process, and Since oxygen precipitation nuclei generated inside the wafer in the process of forming the polysilicon layers on both surfaces of the wafer disappeared by the RTA treatment, both oxygen concentrations of 11 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 and 15 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 Also, no BMD was generated.
- a silicon wafer having a defect-free layer at the wafer surface layer portion and having improved internal gettering ability can be obtained.
- the polysilicon layer is formed after the oxide film is formed on both sides or the back surface of the silicon wafer after the RTA treatment, the single crystal silicon layer is not formed on both sides or the back surface of the wafer. Since the polysilicon layer is formed without hindrance, it has been confirmed that not only the internal gettering but also the external gettering effect by the polysilicon layer is given, and the gettering ability is further increased.
- the silicon wafer manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to manufacture a silicon wafer having a higher gettering capability that has a defect-free region in the surface layer portion and is subjected to external gettering and internal gettering.
- External gettering is applied by forming a polysilicon layer on the back side of the wafer.
- the internal gettering is applied by a polysilicon layer forming step, a subsequent oxygen precipitation heat treatment, or a heat treatment in a device manufacturing step in which the wafer is used as a material.
- the silicon wafer of the present invention is a silicon wafer manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention, which has improved gettering ability as a whole wafer, and can be suitably used for a substrate for a semiconductor device or the like.
- the present invention can be widely used in the manufacture of silicon wafers and semiconductor devices.
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Abstract
Description
本発明のシリコンウェーハの素材としてのウェーハは、CZ法により育成されたシリコン単結晶インゴットから切り出されたシリコンウェーハである。RTA処理でこの素材ウェーハの表層部から内部にわたって空孔を注入し、後述するように、酸素析出熱処理を行ってウェーハ内部に高密度のBMDを形成することができる。酸素析出熱処理を行わず、ウェーハが半導体デバイス用の基板等の素材としてデバイス製造工程に供された後の同工程に伴う熱処理で、ウェーハ内部に高密度のBMDを形成することも可能である。そのため、後述する全面が無欠陥領域からなるウェーハは勿論、通常のCZ法により育成された、COPなどの結晶欠陥が含まれる単結晶インゴットから得られたシリコンウェーハも素材として使用できる。
ウェーハ中の酸素濃度は、7×1017~16×1017atoms/cm3(ASTM F-121,1979)が望ましい。酸素濃度が7×1017atoms/cm3未満では、BMD析出核の形成そのものが抑制されてしまい、ウェーハ内部のBMD量が減少する。さらに、ウェーハの強度そのものが弱くなるという問題が発生する。
前述のRTA処理を施した後のシリコンウェーハの両面に酸化膜を形成する。
酸化膜の形成方法は特に限定されない。例えば、シリコンウェーハの表面をふっ酸で処理した後、当該ウェーハを、酸素を含む雰囲気(空気)中で、600~700℃で10分間程度加熱する方法が適用できる。また、シリコンウェーハの表面を研磨した後、同様に加熱処理を行ってもよい。
酸化膜付けを行った後のシリコンウェーハの両面にポリシリコン層を形成する。このポリシリコン層形成工程で、BMDの析出核を成長させ、ウェーハの中心付近(中心部近傍で、ウェーハ表面から350~450μmの範囲内)および表面近傍(ウェーハ内部で、ウェーハ表面から50~150μmの範囲内)においてBMDを増加させることができる。
シリコンウェーハの両面に形成したポリシリコン層のうち表面側のポリシリコン層を除去する。これは、ウェーハの表面側をデバイスを形成する活性領域として確保するとともに、ウェーハの裏面側に外部ゲッタリングサイトを形成するためである。後に施される酸素析出熱処理またはデバイス製造工程で行われる熱処理でウェーハ内部にゲッタリングサイトとして機能するBMDが形成されるまでの間にウェーハの活性領域に金属不純物による汚染が生じたとしても、このウェーハの裏面側に施した外部ゲッタリングによって当該活性領域から汚染不純物を除去することができる。
Claims (9)
- チョクラルスキー法により育成されたシリコン単結晶インゴットから切り出されたシリコンウェーハに対して、窒化ガス雰囲気中でRTA処理を施す工程と、
前記RTA処理後のウェーハの両面に酸化膜を形成する工程と、
前記酸化膜を形成したウェーハの両面にポリシリコン層を形成する工程と、
前記ウェーハの両面に形成したポリシリコン層のうちの表面側のポリシリコン層を除去する工程と
を有することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの製造方法。 - チョクラルスキー法により育成されたシリコン単結晶インゴットから切り出されたシリコンウェーハに対して、窒化ガス雰囲気中でRTA処理を施す工程と、
前記RTA処理後のウェーハの裏面に酸化膜を形成する工程と、
前記酸化膜を形成したウェーハの裏面にポリシリコン層を形成する工程と
を有することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの製造方法。 - 前記RTA処理を施すシリコンウェーハが無欠陥領域からなるウェーハであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 前記酸化膜を形成する工程が、ウェーハ表面をふっ酸で処理した後、当該ウェーハを酸化性雰囲気中で加熱する操作を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 前記酸化膜を形成する工程が、ウェーハ表面を研磨した後、当該ウェーハを酸化性雰囲気中で加熱する操作を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法で製造されたシリコンウェーハに対して前記RTA処理における処理温度よりも低い温度で熱処理を施し、ウェーハ表面に無欠陥層を形成するとともに内部の空孔に酸素を析出させることを特徴とするシリコンウェーハの製造方法。
- 高いゲッタリング能力を有するシリコンウェーハであって、
請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法で製造されたことを特徴とするシリコンウェーハ。 - 高いゲッタリング能力を有するシリコンウェーハであって、
前記ウェーハ内部に半導体デバイスの製造工程で施される熱処理により酸素析出物層を形成する析出核と、
前記ウェーハ裏面にポリシリコン層とを有することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハ。 - 高いゲッタリング能力を有するシリコンウェーハであって、
前記ウェーハ内部に酸素析出物層と、
前記ウェーハ裏面にポリシリコン層とを有することを特徴とするシリコンウェーハ。
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JP6100226B2 (ja) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-03-22 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコン単結晶ウェーハの熱処理方法 |
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