WO2010131298A1 - レーザ溶接方法及びそれを含む電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
レーザ溶接方法及びそれを含む電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010131298A1 WO2010131298A1 PCT/JP2009/002152 JP2009002152W WO2010131298A1 WO 2010131298 A1 WO2010131298 A1 WO 2010131298A1 JP 2009002152 W JP2009002152 W JP 2009002152W WO 2010131298 A1 WO2010131298 A1 WO 2010131298A1
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- laser
- welding
- negative electrode
- welded
- processing apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K25/00—Uniting components to form integral members, e.g. turbine wheels and shafts, caulks with inserts, with or without shaping of the components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
- B23K26/28—Seam welding of curved planar seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
- B23K26/3584—Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/38—Conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
- H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
- H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/562—Terminals characterised by the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
- H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser welding method and a battery manufacturing method including the same, and more particularly to a laser welding technique for a member having a high laser reflectivity on the surface, such as a copper member.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for roughening the weld surface in advance using sandpaper, abrasive, blasting, or chemical etching to reduce the reflectance on the surface.
- the roughening accuracy for the rough portion is good, but it is difficult to uniformly roughen a minute part having a shape change such as a step or an uneven surface. Yes, the surface condition tends to vary.
- masking at the time of roughing and cleaning after processing are required, and the problem that the process becomes complicated is difficult to adopt in the remaining mass production process.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method capable of realizing uniform welding to a member having a large laser reflectance on the surface, and a method of manufacturing a battery including the same.
- a laser welding method is a laser welding method for joining a first member and a second member by laser welding, on the surface of a welded portion between the first member and the second member.
- a roughening process is performed by irradiating a laser beam with the first laser processing apparatus to roughen the surface, and a laser beam is applied to the roughened welded part with a second laser processing apparatus. , The weld is melted and the first member and the second member are laser welded.
- the first member and the second member are preferably high reflectivity members having high reflectivity on the surface of the laser light irradiated by the second laser processing apparatus.
- the laser welding by the second laser processing apparatus is preferably performed in an oxygen atmosphere.
- a battery manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing a battery including the first member and the second member as constituent elements, wherein the first method is performed using the laser welding method according to the first aspect. The one member and the second member are joined.
- the first member or the second member can also be applied satisfactorily when the welded portion has a portion obtained by caulking a rivet-like member.
- good laser welding can be realized even when the object to be welded is a high reflectivity member and the deformation is minute.
- uniform welding can be realized for a member having a large laser reflectance on the surface.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram which shows a battery. It is sectional drawing which shows the welding part of the battery used as the object of laser welding. It is a top view which shows a welding part. It is a flow which shows a laser welding process. It is a figure which shows a laser welding process. It is an enlarged view which shows a welding part.
- the laser welding step S1 which is an embodiment of the laser welding method according to the present invention will be described.
- the negative electrode terminal 20 and the negative electrode lead 21 constituting the negative electrode of the battery 10 are laser welded.
- the battery 10 is a lithium ion secondary battery, and includes a power generation element 12 inside an exterior 11 as shown in FIG.
- the exterior 11 includes a container portion 13 made of a box and a lid portion 14 that closes the opening surface of the container portion 13.
- the lid portion 14 has two openings 14a and 14a, and the positive electrode terminal 15 and the negative electrode terminal 20 protrude outward from the openings 14a and 14a, respectively.
- the negative electrode terminal 20 is a copper external terminal, and is electrically connected to the power generation element 12 via a negative electrode lead 21 that is a current collecting terminal. More specifically, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the negative electrode terminal 20 and the negative electrode lead 21 cover the rivet portion 22 provided at the tip of the negative electrode lead 21 through a seal member 23, an insulating member 24, and the like. Laser welding is carried out in a state crimped to the opening 14 a of the portion 14, and four welded portions 30, 30, 30, 30 are formed at the connection portion between the negative electrode terminal 20 and the negative electrode lead 21. In addition, although the four welding parts 30 are provided from viewpoints, such as quality control, it is not limited to this.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is a copper current collecting terminal made of the same material as the negative electrode terminal 20, and is connected to the negative electrode side of the power generation element 12.
- the rivet portion 22 is a rivet-like portion that is formed at the end of the negative electrode lead 21, and the top portion has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter of the opening 14 a of the lid portion 14. As shown in FIG. 2, in the welded portion 30, the rivet portion 22 protrudes upward from the top portion (the highest portion) of the negative electrode terminal 20.
- the seal member 23 is a resin member, seals the negative electrode lead 21 and the lid 14, and seals the interior of the exterior 11.
- the insulating member 24 is a resin member and insulates the negative electrode lead 21 and the lid portion 14 from each other and prevents electrical conduction from the negative electrode lead 21 to the lid portion 14.
- the laser welding process S ⁇ b> 1 of the present embodiment is for laser welding the copper negative electrode terminal 20 and the rivet portion 22 of the copper negative electrode lead 21 in the battery 10.
- an uneven shape is formed in the welded portion 30 between the negative electrode terminal 20 and the rivet portion 22 of the negative electrode lead 21, thereby forming a step, and the welded shape is complicated. Since the deformation is applied when the tip of the rivet portion 22 is caulked, the surface state thereof is non-uniform, so that it is necessary to stabilize the heat input during laser welding, and sufficient melting High precision is required for laser welding, such as the need to ensure depth.
- the laser welding step S1 provides a laser welding method that satisfies the requirements such as the above-described high-precision laser welding and consideration of thermal effects.
- the laser welding step S1 includes a roughening treatment step S11, a welding step S12, and the like.
- the surface roughening treatment step S11 is a step in which the surface of the portion where the weld 30 is formed after laser welding is irradiated with laser light by the first laser processing apparatus to roughen the surface of the irradiated portion.
- the first laser processing apparatus uses a laser beam (for example, a green laser) having a wavelength with a good absorption rate to a member having a high laser reflectivity on the surface (a high reflectivity member such as a copper member). Irradiate.
- the surface of the portion that becomes the welded portion 30 roughened in the roughening treatment step S11 is irradiated with laser light by the second laser processing apparatus, and the irradiated portion is melted to obtain a laser. It is a process of welding.
- the second laser processing apparatus is used for general laser welding and irradiates a YAG laser.
- the roughening treatment step S11 is performed on the surface of the portion where each welded portion 30 is formed (in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5A, four welded locations 31, 31, 31, 31).
- a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm is irradiated, laser markers 32, 32, 32, and 32 are provided at the irradiated portions, and the welded portions 31, 31, 31, and 31 are roughened.
- the welding location 31 is a welding location set to realize that a desired welded portion 30 is formed. As shown in FIG. 5, a part of the outer periphery of the rivet portion 22 of the negative electrode lead 21 and the rivet portion 22. It is set to a part of the negative electrode terminal 20 in contact with the outer periphery. Note that the welding location 31 set in the laser welding step S ⁇ b> 1 is not limited to the same setting location and size as the welded portion 30. That is, the welding location 31 may be anything that can realize the formation of the desired welded portion 30.
- the outer peripheral portion of the rivet portion 22 formed in a circular shape in plan view and the outer peripheral portion of the rivet portion 22 in the negative electrode terminal 20 are formed.
- the first laser processing device irradiates the welding points 31, 31, 31, and 31 set in contact with the first laser processing apparatus, and provides laser markers 32, 32, 32, and 32 having a rectangular shape in plan view, and the surface of the laser irradiated portion A uniform roughening process is applied.
- Each laser marker 32 is formed in a groove shape having minute irregularities having a predetermined depth (for example, a depth of about 0.3 to 0.4 ⁇ m).
- a second YAG laser that irradiates a YAG laser having a high reflectance on the surface of the copper member or the like during laser welding.
- a laser processing apparatus can be used. That is, when a YAG laser is irradiated to a high reflectance member such as a copper member that has not been subjected to a surface treatment, much of the irradiated laser light is reflected on the surface of the member, and the absorption rate into the member is low.
- the YAG laser is irradiated by removing the surface gloss by providing laser markers 32, 32, 32, and 32 at the welding locations 31, 31, 31, and 31. It is possible to improve the absorption rate of the laser beam from the second laser processing apparatus into the member at the welding locations 31, 31, 31, 31 and realize good welding.
- “high reflectance member” means that when a surface that has not been subjected to surface treatment is irradiated with a YAG laser, most of the irradiated laser light is reflected and the absorption rate into the member is low, which is favorable. A member that is difficult to achieve welding.
- the laser beam irradiation site, irradiation time, and the like are controlled by an appropriate control device, and preset welding locations 31, 31, 31, 31 are used.
- the laser markers 32, 32, 32, and 32 having a desired area (for example, a region larger than the welding point 31 as shown in FIG. 5B) and a desired depth can be formed.
- the laser marker 32 is provided in each welding location 31 using the green laser which can be controlled with high precision, it can be easily incorporated into a mass production process such as a manufacturing process of the battery 10.
- the YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is irradiated to each welding spot 31 provided with the laser marker 32 in the roughening treatment step S ⁇ b> 11, and the surfaces of the negative electrode terminal 20 and the rivet portion 22 of the negative electrode lead 21. Is melted, and the negative electrode terminal 20 and the negative electrode lead 21 are laser-welded to form the welded portions 30, 30, 30, 30.
- the second laser processing apparatus is applied to the laser markers 32, 32, 32, and 32 provided over the rivet portion 22 and the negative electrode terminal 20.
- the YAG laser is irradiated to melt the welded portions 31, 31, 31, and 31, and the negative electrode terminal 20 and the rivet portion 22 are laser-welded.
- the surface of each welded portion 31 provided with the laser marker 32 has lost the gloss of the surface unique to the copper member, and the surface area is increased due to the minute uneven shape formed on the laser marker 32. For this reason, in each welding location 31, the absorption factor of the YAG laser irradiated with a 2nd laser processing apparatus improves.
- each welding location 31 comprised with a copper member, the penetration at the time of laser heat input can be deepened, and sufficient penetration depth and welding area can be ensured.
- the surface of each welded portion 31 is uniformly roughened by the laser marker 32 and the surface state is not varied, so that the laser heat input to each welded portion 31 can be stabilized. it can.
- the negative electrode terminal 20 made of a copper member having a large laser reflectivity on the surface (particularly, the reflectivity with respect to the second laser processing apparatus is large) and the negative electrode lead also made of a copper member.
- Uniform welding can be realized with respect to each welding location 31 with 21 rivet portions 22, and welding defects such as blow holes and cracks can be prevented. Further, for the same reason as described above, it is possible to improve the robustness against the manufacturing variation (surface shape, caulking gap, etc.) of the rivet portion 22 and the variation of the surface state. Furthermore, since the output of the 2nd laser processing apparatus used for welding process S12 can be restrained low, the influence on the surrounding members of the welding location 31 can be suppressed.
- the second laser processing apparatus that irradiates the YAG laser sprays oxygen gas as an assist gas, and laser welding is performed in an oxygen atmosphere.
- oxygen gas as an assist gas
- each laser marker 32 is provided in the roughening treatment step S11, fine dust remains on the surface of the laser marker 32 and in the groove.
- fine dust remaining on the laser marker 32 burns (so-called dust explosion occurs), and activates combustion during laser welding. To promote welding. Therefore, good penetration and a sufficient welding area in each welding location 31 are obtained.
- the rivet portion 22 of the negative electrode lead 21 that forms one side of the welding object in the laser welding step S1 is made of a highly reflective member, and is deformed when the tip portion thereof is caulked. It is a part.
- the reflection on the surface of the member is large as described above, the surface state is unstable due to deformation, and it is impossible to weld a welded part formed as a minute part. It was.
- the laser welding process S1 includes a first welding process in which the surface is roughened in the roughening process S11 and a second welding in which welding is performed on the surface roughened in the welding process S12.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to a process of manufacturing the battery 10 including components such as the negative electrode terminal 20 and the negative electrode lead 21 that need to be welded at the welding portion formed as described above.
- the fillet portion 25 formed at the end portion of the rivet portion 22, which is a thin portion at the welded portion 31, is performed. It is preferable to irradiate the laser beam at an angle of °. Thereby, at the time of laser welding, the fillet portion 25 efficiently absorbs the laser light, so that the laser output can be suppressed and the welding stability can be improved.
- the laser marker 32 is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view, and the formation area is larger than the area of the welded portion 31, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the formation area of the laser marker 32 may be smaller than the welding location 31. Even in such a case, the laser marker 32 can be sufficiently melted and welded in the region where the laser marker 32 is provided. Sufficient heat input is realized by heat conduction.
- laser welding on the negative electrode side of the battery 10 which is a lithium ion secondary battery has been described, but similarly, it can be used for welding to a member having a high laser reflectance on the surface.
- the laser welding step S1 can be applied when joining copper wires used for electronic components and the like, and in such a case, it can be used as an alternative to solder joining.
- the present invention can be used in a laser welding process to a member having a shape change on the surface, and is particularly suitable for a technique for laser welding a member having a high reflectance of laser light on the member surface.
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
特に、YAGレーザを用いたレーザ溶接は、大気雰囲気下でも使用可能なため、真空雰囲気下で行われる電子ビーム溶接(EBW)等、他の溶接技術に比べ、設備コスト面、制御面等で非常に有利であり、量産工程に積極的に取り入れられる傾向にある。
また、銅部材に対する吸収率が良いグリーンレーザを用いたレーザ加工装置が存在する。その一方で、一般的に流通しているグリーンレーザを用いたレーザ加工装置は低出力のものしかなく、薄物に対する溶接、加工等に適用範囲が限られるため実用化は非現実的であった。
しかし、上述のように、一般的なレーザ加工装置を用いた場合、銅部材からの反射が大きいことにより、又は出力が低いことにより十分な入熱を与えられないため、所望の溶け込み深さが得られないという課題がある。
さらに、高出力のレーザ加工装置を用いた場合、溶接箇所以外への入熱が必要以上に大きくなり、溶接箇所周囲に配置される他の部材の熱破損を招く恐れがある。
しかし、特許文献1に記載の粗面化手法では、大まかな部分に対する粗面化精度は良好であるが、段差、凹凸面等の形状変化を有する微小部位への均一な粗面化は困難であり、表面状態にバラツキが生じ易い。また、上記の粗面化手法では、粗し加工時のマスキングや加工後の洗浄が必要となり、工程が煩雑になるという課題が残り量産工程に採用し難い。
特に、溶接時に高出力レーザを用いる場合には、溶接箇所の表面状態、製品状態(例えば形状、組み付け精度)等のバラツキの影響を受け易いため、レーザ溶接時の入熱が不安定となり、溶接欠陥が発生し易くなる。
以上のように、従来のレーザ溶接方法では、表面でのレーザ反射率が大きい部材に対して均一な溶接を実現することが困難であった。
20 負極端子(第一部材)
21 負極リード(第二部材)
22 リベット部
30 溶接部
31 溶接箇所
32 レーザマーカ
電池10は、リチウムイオン二次電池であり、図1に示すように、外装11の内部に発電要素12を収容してなる。外装11は、箱体からなる容器部13と、容器部13の開口面を塞ぐ蓋部14とを有する。蓋部14は二つの開口14a・14aを有し、これらの開口14a・14aから正極端子15、負極端子20がそれぞれ外方へ突出される。
より詳細には、図2及び図3に示すように、負極端子20と負極リード21とは、負極リード21の先端に設けられるリベット部22を、シール部材23、絶縁部材24等を介して蓋部14の開口14aにかしめた状態でレーザ溶接され、負極端子20と負極リード21との接続部には四箇所の溶接部30・30・30・30が形成される。
なお、品質管理等の観点から溶接部30を四箇所設けているが、これに限定されるものではない。
リベット部22は、負極リード21の端部に成形されるリベット状の部位であり、その頂部は、蓋部14の開口14aの内径よりも大きい外径を有する。図2に示すように、溶接部30において、リベット部22は、負極端子20の頂部(最も高い部位)より上方に突出している。
シール部材23は、樹脂製の部材であり、負極リード21と蓋部14とをシールし、外装11内を密閉する。
絶縁部材24は、樹脂製の部材であり、負極リード21と蓋部14とを絶縁し、負極リード21から蓋部14への電気伝導を防止する。
また、図2に示すように、負極端子20と負極リード21のリベット部22との溶接部30には凹凸形状が形成され、段差が形成されることとなり、溶接形状が複雑となることに加え、リベット部22の先端部をかしめる際に変形が加えられるため、その表面状態が不均一となっていることから、レーザ溶接時の入熱を安定させる必要がある点、並びに、十分な溶け込み深さを確保する必要がある点等、レーザ溶接に高い精度が求められる。
さらに、上述のように、負極端子20とリベット部22との溶接部30近傍には、金属部材に比べて耐熱性に劣る樹脂製の部材が配置されることから、レーザ溶接の際にレーザ出力を下げる等、溶接部30の周囲の各部材への熱影響を考慮する必要がある。
つまり、レーザ溶接工程S1は、上述のような高精度なレーザ溶接かつ熱影響に対する考慮といった要請を満足するレーザ溶接方法を提供するものである。
図4及び図5に示すように、レーザ溶接工程S1は、粗面化処理工程S11、溶接工程S12等を含む。
粗面化処理工程S11は、レーザ溶接後に溶接部30が形成される部分の表面に対して、第一レーザ加工装置によりレーザ光を照射し、照射部位の表面を粗面化する工程である。粗面化処理工程S11では、前記第一レーザ加工装置は、表面のレーザ反射率の高い部材(銅部材等の高反射率部材)への吸収率の良い波長を有するレーザ光(例えばグリーンレーザ)を照射する。
溶接工程S12は、粗面化処理工程S11にて、粗面化された溶接部30となる部分の表面に対して、第二レーザ加工装置によりレーザ光を照射し、照射部位を溶融してレーザ溶接する工程である。前記第二レーザ加工装置は、一般的なレーザ溶接に用いられるものであり、YAGレーザを照射する。
なお、レーザ溶接工程S1にて設定される溶接箇所31は、溶接部30と同一の設定箇所や大きさ等に限定されるものではない。つまり、溶接箇所31は、所望の溶接部30の形成が実現できるものであれば良い。
このように、レーザマーカ32・32・32・32が設けられた箇所では、銅部材の表面の光沢がなくなるため、レーザ溶接時に、銅部材等表面での反射率が大きいYAGレーザを照射する第二レーザ加工装置を用いることが可能となる。
つまり、特に表面処理を施していない状態にある銅部材等の高反射率部材に対してYAGレーザを照射すると、照射したレーザ光の多くが部材表面で反射されて部材内への吸収率が低くなるため、良好な溶接を実現することが困難であるが、溶接箇所31・31・31・31にレーザマーカ32・32・32・32を設けて表面の光沢を除去することで、YAGレーザを照射する第二レーザ加工装置からのレーザ光の溶接箇所31・31・31・31における部材内への吸収率を向上して、良好な溶接を実現することが可能となる。
なお、「高反射率部材」とは、表面処理を施していない状態の表面にYAGレーザを照射すると、照射したレーザ光の多くが反射されて部材内への吸収率が低くなるため、良好な溶接を実現することが困難である部材をいう。
このように、高精度に制御可能なグリーンレーザを用いて、各溶接箇所31にレーザマーカ32を設けるので、電池10の製造工程等の量産工程に容易に組み込むことが可能である。
上述のように、レーザマーカ32が設けられた各溶接箇所31は、銅部材特有の表面の光沢が失われているとともに、レーザマーカ32に形成される微小な凹凸形状によって表面積が増加している。このため、各溶接箇所31において、第二レーザ加工装置により照射されるYAGレーザの吸収率が向上する。つまり、銅部材により構成される各溶接箇所31においても、レーザ入熱時の溶け込みを深くすることができ、十分な溶け込み深さと溶接面積を確保できる。
これに加えて、各溶接箇所31の表面には、レーザマーカ32によって均一に粗し加工が施され、表面状態にバラツキがなくなっているため、各溶接箇所31へのレーザ入熱を安定させることができる。
また、上記と同様の理由により、リベット部22のかしめ部分の製造バラツキ(表面形状、かしめ隙間等)、及び表面状態のバラツキに対するロバスト性を向上できる。
さらに、溶接工程S12に用いる第二レーザ加工装置の出力を低く抑えることができるので、溶接箇所31の周囲の部材への影響を抑制できる。
これにより、溶融時に急激な酸化反応が起き、発熱反応により溶け込みが促進される。
従って、溶接工程S12における溶接性を向上できる。
上述のように、溶接工程S12において、酸素雰囲気下にてレーザ溶接を施すことによって、レーザマーカ32に残留する微粉塵が燃焼し(いわゆる粉塵爆発が発生し)、レーザ溶接に際する燃焼を活性化して溶接を促進する。従って、各溶接箇所31における良好な溶け込み及び十分な溶接面積が得られる。
しかしながら、レーザ溶接工程S1は、粗面化処理工程S11にて表面を粗面化する第一の溶接工程と、溶接工程S12にて粗面化された表面に対して溶接を行う第二の溶接工程との二段階の溶接工程を含むことにより、従来のレーザ溶接方法では成しえなかった溶接を実現することができる。また、上記のように形成される溶接箇所を溶接する必要のある、負極端子20及び負極リード21などの構成要素を含む電池10を製造する工程に良好に適用可能である。
これにより、レーザ溶接時に、隅肉部25が効率的にレーザ光を吸収するので、レーザ出力を抑えることができるとともに、溶接安定性を向上できる。
Claims (5)
- レーザ溶接により、第一部材と第二部材とを接合するレーザ溶接方法であって、
前記第一部材と第二部材との溶接部の表面に対して、第一レーザ加工装置によりレーザ光を照射することで粗し加工を施して、当該表面を粗面化し、
前記粗面化された溶接部に対して、第二レーザ加工装置によりレーザ光を照射することで前記溶接部を溶融して、前記第一部材と第二部材とをレーザ溶接するレーザ溶接方法。 - 前記第一部材及び第二部材は、前記第二レーザ加工装置により照射されるレーザ光の表面での反射率が高い高反射率部材である請求項1に記載のレーザ溶接方法。
- 前記第二レーザ加工装置によるレーザ溶接は、酸素雰囲気下で行う請求項1又は請求項2に記載のレーザ溶接方法。
- 前記第一部材及び第二部材を構成要素として含む電池を製造する方法であって、
請求項1から請求項3の何れか一項に記載のレーザ溶接方法を含む電池の製造方法。 - 前記第一部材又は第二部材は、前記溶接部にリベット状の部材をかしめた部位を有する請求項4に記載の電池の製造方法。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102427909A (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
CN102427909B (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
KR20120009510A (ko) | 2012-02-01 |
US20120055909A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
KR101250093B1 (ko) | 2013-04-02 |
JP4924771B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 |
JPWO2010131298A1 (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
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