WO2010115335A1 - 蝉拟青霉生物菌剂及制备方法以及在防治植物线虫中的应用 - Google Patents

蝉拟青霉生物菌剂及制备方法以及在防治植物线虫中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2010115335A1
WO2010115335A1 PCT/CN2009/075420 CN2009075420W WO2010115335A1 WO 2010115335 A1 WO2010115335 A1 WO 2010115335A1 CN 2009075420 W CN2009075420 W CN 2009075420W WO 2010115335 A1 WO2010115335 A1 WO 2010115335A1
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powder
mixture
egg
bark
peptone
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PCT/CN2009/075420
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French (fr)
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刘伟平
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Liu Weiping
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/14Fungi; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/145Fungal isolates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12RINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
    • C12R2001/00Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
    • C12R2001/645Fungi ; Processes using fungi
    • C12R2001/79Paecilomyces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a plant nematode preparation prepared by using a biological fungus and an application thereof, in particular to a pseudobacteria of a pseudomonas and a preparation method thereof and application thereof in controlling plant nematodes.
  • Root-knot nematode diseases are widely distributed in the world, among which four species of southern root-knot nematode, northern root-knot nematode, Javan root-knot nematode, and peanut root-knot nematode are the most common, and the most harmful to crops. Root-knot nematodes usually have no obvious host specificity, and there are about 114 families and more than 3,000 species of infected crops. It is estimated that the annual loss caused by plant nematodes in the world is more than 100 billion US dollars. Especially in recent years, with the expansion of the planting area of agricultural protection land in China, the multiple cropping index has increased, and the damage caused by root-knot nematodes has increased year by year.
  • root-knot nematodes the main control of root-knot nematodes is chemical pesticides. Most of them are highly toxic to humans and animals, especially improper use, causing environmental pollution and destroying ecological balance. Many chemical nematicides have been banned or will be banned. For example, in the United States, bromoformamide and dibromoformamidine have been banned; in our country, dibromochloropropion has been banned, and phenylphosphonium, aldicarb, and chlorpyrifos are prohibited from being used on crops such as vegetables and fruit trees.
  • the object of the invention is to cultivate a remarkable control effect against plant nematodes, stable performance, wide application area, meet the bio-pesticide shelf life standard, environmentally friendly and human health and safety, meet the production requirements of organic food and green food, and is easy to scale.
  • Industrial production a broad-spectrum biological nematicidal agent for the control of nematodes.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biological agent according to the present invention is characterized in that: the preparation is a mixture of Penicillium chrysogenum and a medium thereof, and an auxiliary material and a carrier;
  • the medium is a mixture of protein powder, silkworm pupa powder, willow bark powder, tea powder, and water, and the parts thereof are as follows.
  • the auxiliary material is a mixture of protein powder and silkworm pupa powder
  • the carrier is one of poplar bark powder, willow bark powder, pear bark powder, eucalyptus bark powder, locust bark powder, persimmon bark powder, citrus bark powder. a mixture of one or more kinds; the above protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned Pseudomonas aeruginosa biological agent comprises the following steps:
  • the components of the above medium are thoroughly mixed with the Penicillium sp., and placed in an environment at a temperature of 0 - 30 ° C, and cultured under aeration conditions for 6 12 days to obtain a seed of Paecilomyces fuliginea;
  • Penicillium sinensis seeds obtained in the above step A) are mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:1000 to 1500, and then added to the primary culture medium at 40% and 70% by weight of the water, at a temperature of - 15 to 12 days in a 45 ° C environment, to obtain a first-grade seed; the primary medium contains the following parts by weight of the composition
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 10-35 willow bark powder 1 4, tea powder 0. 2-1; wherein, the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the first-stage seed obtained in the above step B) is mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:3-40, and then added to the secondary medium at a temperature of -15 45 according to 40% and 70% by weight of the water. Under the environment of °C, culture for 6 12 days to obtain secondary seeds.
  • the secondary medium comprises the following components by weight ratio
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 100-350 willow bark powder 5-30, tea powder 1 15; wherein, the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the secondary seed obtained in the above step C) is produced according to one of the following methods, Method 1
  • the above auxiliary material is a mixture of protein powder and silkworm pupa powder
  • the carrier is one of poplar skin powder, willow bark powder, pear bark powder, eucalyptus bark powder, locust bark powder, persimmon bark powder, citrus bark powder. Or a mixture of a plurality; wherein the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the second-stage seed is added to the water in a ratio of 5-20% to obtain a second-stage seed mixture, and the second-stage seed mixture is mixed with the preparation medium according to a weight ratio of 1:0.8 to 1.1, at a temperature of 10 - 20 ° C culture for 8-20 days, and then dried at a temperature of 10 - 50 ° C or freeze-dried to a solid state, that is, the above-mentioned pseudomycin Solid agent
  • the preparation medium contains the following components by weight
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 30-68 willow bark powder 1-4, tea powder 0. 05-1; wherein, protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio.
  • Penicillium sp. fungus in controlling plant nematodes is for the preparation of an insecticide having a killing of a semi-negative plant nematode or killing cockroaches and cockroaches.
  • the fungal agent for controlling nematodes produced by the invention has the following characteristics in terms of product efficacy, product shelf life, range of control nematodes, applicable geographical range, environmental impact, production process and cost, source of raw materials, and the like:
  • Root-knot nematode disease is an important disease with soil-transmitting characteristics. It is highly contagious and highly resistant. It is difficult to control, and it is more difficult to cure.
  • the control effect of general control methods is between 30% and 70%.
  • the preparation of the invention can have a field control effect of more than 400 days and a control effect of more than 90%. If the source of external infection is eliminated, continuous application for three years can basically eliminate the yield loss caused by nematodes to crops.
  • the existing microbial pesticides for controlling nematodes are generally only effective for certain types of nematodes.
  • the preparation of the invention can simultaneously prevent and control a plurality of nematodes against crops, and can control root knot nematodes, Habitat and semi-hosting of soybean cyst nematode, wheat cyst nematode, potato cyst nematode, sweet potato stem nematode, banana perforation nematode, citrus semi-puncture nematode, kidney nematode, heterologous nematode, short-root root-knot nematode Nematode.
  • Root-knot nematode disease is an important disease with soil-transmitting characteristics. It is highly contagious and highly resistant. It is difficult to control and cure. It is more difficult to cure.
  • the general control method can not meet the requirements of long-term prevention and control.
  • the preparation of the invention can be used once in a planting season, the field control effect can reach more than 150 days, and the medicine can be used twice in one year, the field control effect can reach more than 400 days, and the control effect can reach more than 90%, and can be used for the platycodon, grape, citrus The prevention and control of perennial plant nematodes.
  • the existing microbial pesticides for controlling nematodes generally do not meet the shelf life requirements of 18 months.
  • the preparation of the invention the produced commercial preparation microorganism, is stored at a normal temperature in a region between 55 ° north and south latitude, and the shelf shelf life is generally 24 months, and the shelf life can be up to 36 months.
  • the existing microbial pesticides for controlling nematodes may have large differences in field control effects due to factors such as soil bacteriostasis.
  • the preparation of the invention adopts a widely adaptable species, and can be used between 55° latitude and south latitude, and the difference in field effect is less than 10%.
  • the preparation of the present invention is a widely used kind of traditional Chinese medicine for human health, is safe for the environment, humans, poultry and fish, and conforms to the production of biological nematodes for organic foods and green foods. Inoculant requirements.
  • the invention has no industrial waste water and slag discharge during the production process, and is environmentally safe and non-staining. 9. Other underground pests for crop control
  • the invention has certain killing effect on the underground cockroaches of pests such as cockroaches, cockroaches and diamondback moths.
  • the pseudobacteria of the genus Paecilomyces sinensis prepared by using the biological bacteria according to the present invention is cultured by using Penicillium similis, and is subjected to liquid fermentation, mass-produced, directly processed or prepared by a carrier adsorption method, and the biological nematicidal agent is prepared.
  • the preparation is a mixture of Paecilomyces variabilis and its medium and an auxiliary material and a carrier;
  • the medium is a mixture of protein powder, silkworm pupa powder, willow bark powder, tea powder, and water, and the parts thereof are as follows.
  • the auxiliary material is a mixture of protein powder and silkworm pupa powder
  • the carrier is one of poplar bark powder, willow bark powder, pear bark powder, eucalyptus bark powder, locust bark powder, persimmon bark powder, citrus bark powder. a mixture of one or more kinds; the above protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio.
  • the egg is egg white and egg yolk of raw egg, and may also be egg powder after pulverization of cooked egg.
  • the silkworm pupa powder is a powdery powder after pulverization of raw silkworm pupa
  • the willow bark powder is a powdery powder after pulverization of willow bark.
  • Other various powders have similar meanings.
  • Various powders including protein powder are pulverized to 80-300 mesh.
  • the method for producing a Penicillium similis biological agent comprises a strain, a strain culture, a liquid fermentation, or a solid culture.
  • the strain is Paeci lomyces cicddae (Migud) Samson, which is a broad species, found in the adult worm, called " ⁇ ", "Insect Mycology” published by Anhui Science and Technology Press in 1996. There is a detailed introduction.
  • the production method includes the following steps:
  • Penicillium spp. is extracted by water and alcohol precipitation method. Detailed Steps There are a variety of public literature descriptions, such as "Agricultural Science of China” and other academic journals, which will not be repeated here.
  • Penicillium sp. on the culture medium by liquid shake flask method or oblique interview Tube liquid culture seeds.
  • 0— 01 ⁇ ⁇ Each 1 kg of the medium used 0. 01 - 5 grams of Penicillium sp.
  • the components of the above medium are thoroughly mixed with the Penicillium sp., and placed in an environment at a temperature of 0 - 30 ° C, and cultured for 6 12 days under aeration conditions to obtain a Penicillium sp.
  • Penicillium sinensis seeds obtained in the above step A) are mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:1000 to 1500, and then added to the primary culture medium at 40% and 70% by weight of the water, at a temperature of - 15 - 45 ° C environment, culture for 6 - 12 days, to obtain a first-grade seed;
  • the primary medium contains the following parts by weight ratio of ingredients
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 10-35 willow bark powder 1 4, tea powder 0. 2-1; wherein, the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the primary seed obtained in the above step B) is mixed with water in a weight ratio of 1:3-40, and then added to the secondary medium at 40% 70% by weight of the water, at a temperature of -15 45 Under the environment of °C, culture for 6 12 days to obtain secondary seeds.
  • the secondary medium comprises the following components by weight ratio
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 100-350 willow bark powder 5-30, tea powder 1 15; wherein, the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the secondary seed obtained in the above step C) is produced according to one of the following methods, Method 1
  • the secondary seed is adsorbed by the auxiliary material and the carrier, and baked at a temperature of 10 - 50 ° C. Drying or lyophilizing, preparing powders and granules; and obtaining the powder of the above-mentioned pseudomycin fungicide;
  • the above auxiliary material is a mixture of protein powder and silkworm pupa powder
  • the carrier is one of poplar skin powder, willow bark powder, pear bark powder, eucalyptus bark powder, locust bark powder, persimmon bark powder, citrus bark powder. Or a mixture of a plurality; wherein the protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio;
  • the second-stage seed is added to the water in a ratio of 5-20% to obtain a second-stage seed mixture, and the second-stage seed mixture is mixed with the preparation medium according to a weight ratio of 1:0.8 to 1.1, at a temperature of 10 - 20 ° C culture for 8-20 days, and then dried at a temperature of 10 - 50 ° C or freeze-dried to a solid state, that is, the above-mentioned pseudomycin Solid-state agents; the method of freeze-drying is described in detail in the book Microbial Pharma published by Chemical Industry Press in December 2002 and will not be repeated here.
  • the preparation medium contains the following components by weight
  • Protein powder or silkworm pupa powder 30-68 willow bark powder 1-4, tea powder 0. 05-1; wherein, protein powder is egg powder or peptone powder, or a mixture of egg powder and peptone powder in any ratio.
  • the ratio of each component in the embodiment, as well as the conditions such as temperature and time, can be appropriately adjusted within a prescribed range as needed, and the amounts of the auxiliary material and the carrier can be determined depending on the circumstances. Selecting different parameters only affects the quality and effect of the final product and does not affect the achievement of the object of the present invention.
  • the production method includes the following steps:
  • the seed is cultured in a liquid shake flask method, and 0. 01-5 parts by weight of Paecilomyces militaris is mixed with the medium, the medium is a mixture of mixed eggs and silkworm pupa powder 300-680 parts by weight, and the willow bark 10-40 weight Parts, 5-10 parts by weight of tea, 1000 parts by weight of water.
  • the mixture of egg and silkworm cocoon powder is a mixture of raw egg and silkworm cocoon powder, or a mixture of cooked egg powder and cocoon powder, and the weight ratio of egg to cocoon powder is 1-9: 1 or 1: 1-9 culture temperature. Incubate for 6 to 12 days at 0 to 30 ° C under aeration. A Penicillium sp. seed was obtained.
  • the 500-liter automatic fermenter add 200-350 liters of water, 5-50 liters of first-class seeds, 100-350 kg of egg and silkworm pupa powder, 5-30 kg of willow bark powder, and 1 15 kg of tea powder.
  • the culture time should be adjusted appropriately, for example, when the culture temperature is 10 - 45 ° C, the culture time is 6 - 12 days.
  • culture for 24 - 72 hours. After the cultivation is completed, the mixture in the fermenter is a secondary seed.
  • the secondary seed obtained by the above step is produced according to one of the following methods, and the preparation method of the liquid agent
  • the product preparation of the pseudomycin fungus can be obtained by directly dispensing.
  • the secondary seed is adsorbed by an auxiliary material and a carrier, and a biological nematicidal preparation of a different dosage form such as a powder or a granule is prepared as needed.
  • the product After concentration or addition of the auxiliary material and the carrier, the product is prepared by drying at a temperature of 10 to 50 ° C or vacuum freeze-drying or obtaining a fungus of the fungus. .
  • auxiliary materials are eggs, that is, raw eggs or cooked egg powder
  • the carrier is a powder of bark of poplar, willow, pear, eucalyptus, locust tree, persimmon tree, citrus tree and the like.
  • the fermentation time above 50000 liters is 8-20 days, and the temperature is 10 - 45 °C.
  • Base temperature at 10 - 45 ° C, culture for 8-20 days, drying or vacuum freeze drying.
  • the composition of the medium is mixed egg and silkworm cocoon powder, bark powder, tea, and its weight ratio is 30-68: 1-4: 0.
  • 05- lo bark powder is poplar, willow, pear, eucalyptus, Powder of bark of locust tree, persimmon tree, citrus tree, etc.
  • the grading standards for diseased plants are as follows:
  • Root system is complete, no root knot
  • Grade II The root knot forms a moderate amount (26%-50% of the root system);
  • Root knot index (%) x ioo
  • the root-knot nematode is selected to be serious, and the chemical nematicides such as aldicarb and thiazolyl have been resistant to vegetable greenhouses, early spring watermelon fields, Daxian platycodon, Daejeon burdock, and Daejeon University.
  • Ginger a randomized trial of the control effect and the resistance of root-knot nematodes for three consecutive years, the control effect is remarkable.
  • the test results of cucumber, tomato and watermelon are as follows:
  • the effect of the anti-bacterial agent dosage on the root knot index (%) The first year 300ml/667m 2 6. 46 93. 1 The second year 300ml/667m 2 4. 35 95. 5 The third year 300ml/667m 2 2. 71 97 . 1
  • Root-knot nematodes have been in continuous occurrence for eight years. Before cucumber planting, nematode control has been carried out. The growth period of cucumber is 140 days, and bitter gourd is planted 90-100 days after cucumber planting. The control of nematodes is carried out 3 to 5 days before the planting of bitter gourd or within 30 days after planting.

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Description

蝉拟青霉生物菌剂及制备方法以及在防治植物线虫中的应用 技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用生物菌制备的防治植物线虫制剂的生产方 法及其应用,具体说是蝉拟青霉生物菌剂及制备方法以及在防治植物 线虫中的应用。 说 背景技术
根结线虫病害在世界范围内普遍发书生, 其中以南方根结线虫、 北 方根结线虫、 爪哇根结线虫、 花生根结线虫 4个种发生最为普遍, 对 农作物的为害最大。根结线虫通常没有明显的寄主专化性, 能够侵染 的作物大约有 114科, 3000多种, 据估计全世界每年由植物线虫造 成的损失达 1000多亿美元。 特别是近年来, 随着我国农业保护地种 植面积的扩大, 复种指数增加, 根结线虫造成的危害有逐年增加的趋 势。
目前, 防治根结线虫主要采用化学农药, 大多对人畜毒性较高, 尤其是使用不当, 造成环境污染, 破坏生态平衡, 有不少化学杀线虫 剂已经禁用, 或即将禁用。 例如在美国, 溴甲垸、 二溴甲垸已经被禁 用; 在我国二溴氯丙垸已经被禁用, 苯线磷、 涕灭威、 灭线磷等被禁 止在蔬菜、 果树等作物上使用。 轮作、 抗线虫品种、 转基因作物等在 根结线虫的防治中, 虽然起到一定作用, 但因土地资源紧张、 种植效 益、 植物品种多样性等方面的要求, 均有一定的局限性。 因此, 人们 除了继续开发高效低毒、 低残留、 对环境友好的化学杀线虫剂外, 开 始用生物方法防治根结线虫。 由于线虫能耐受许多杀虫剂, 容易对化 学杀线虫剂产生抗药性, 用生物方法防治线虫已经成为研究的热点, 引起各国的高度重视和大规模投资。例如, 日本投资 8亿美元用于巴 氏杆菌的研究, 美国国家科学基金会给予北卡罗莱纳州和 Orion Genomics LLC的科学家 159万美元的经费, 以用于绘制世界上最常 见、破坏性最大的植物寄生虫——微小的、宿于土壤的根结线虫的基 因图谱, 以便发现控制这种普遍存在的害虫的新方法。 目前, 有许多 线虫生防商品制剂问世, 尽管这些生防制剂, 在很大范围内取得了成 功, 但因土壤性质差别, 在不同国家或地域使用的最大问题是防效不 稳定, 还有的存在存储期短的问题, 达不到生物农药要求的 18个月 的保质期。
由于环境保护要求和食品安全等方面的要求,化学杀线虫剂在农 业生产中受到越来越严格的限制, 目前各种生防杀线虫剂的存在的种 种缺陷和不足,如应用地域范围小,产品货架期短,效果不够稳定等。
蝉花, 是一种药用价值与冬虫夏草相当的古老中药, 天然蝉花是 蝉的若虫受到蝉拟青霉真菌 (Paeci lomyces cicddae (Migud) Samson)寄生的蝉菌复合体, 有 "南方冬虫夏草"之美誉, 以往主要 靠采摘稀有的天然蝉花用于加工保健品或作为配伍用药等。安徽科学 技术出版社 1996年出版的 《昆虫真菌学》 中有详细介绍。
发明内容
本发明的目的是培养出一种对植物线虫防效显著, 性能稳定, 适 用地域广, 符合生物农药保质期标准, 对环境友好和人类健康安全, 符合有机食品和绿色食品的生产要求, 易于规模化工业生产, 防治线 虫广谱的生物杀线虫菌剂。
为实现上述目的, 本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明所述的蝉拟青霉生物菌剂, 其特征在于: 该制剂为蝉拟青 霉及其培养基以及辅料、 承载物的混合物体;
所述培养基为蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉、 柳树皮粉、 茶叶粉、 水的混合 物, 其重量份数比如下
蛋白质粉 100—— 300, 蚕蛹粉 100—— 300,
柳树皮粉 10—— 40, 茶叶粉 5—— 10,
水 1000—— 1500;
所述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物; 上述蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物。
上述蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的制备方法, 包括如下歩骤:
A) 种子制备
用水、 醇沉淀法提取蝉拟青霉菌, 即得蝉拟青霉菌种; 在培养基上以液体摇瓶法或斜面试管液态培养种子,每 1千克培 养基使用 0. 01 5克蝉拟青霉菌种;
将上述培养基的成分与蝉拟青霉菌种充分混合后,放置在温度为 0 - 30°C的环境中, 通气的条件下培养 6 12天, 得到蝉拟青霉 种子;
B)、 一级种子罐发酵
将上述歩骤 A) 取得的蝉拟青霉种子与水按照 1 : 1000—— 1500 的重量份数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40% 70%加入一级培养 基, 在温度为 -15 45°C环境下, 培养 6—— 12天, 得到一级种子; 所述一级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 10— 35 , 柳树皮粉 1 4, 茶叶粉 0. 2—1; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
C) 二级种子罐发酵
将上述歩骤 B ) 得到的一级种子与水按照 1 : 3—— 40 的重量份 数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40% 70%加入二级培养基, 在温 度为 -15 45°C环境下, 培养 6 12天, 得到二级种子,
所述二级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 100— 350 , 柳树皮粉 5— 30, 茶叶粉 1 15; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
D) 制剂的生产
将上述歩骤 C) 取得的二级种子按照如下方法之一生产制剂, 方法一
在发酵罐中加入水 12000— 16000重量份, 二级种子 100— 200重 量份, 蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 1500— 3500重量份, 柳树皮粉 200— 1200 重量份, 茶叶粉 40— 100重量份, 培养温度 10 ― 45°C , 通气培养 时间 6— 12天; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉 和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物; 然后分装, 可得所述的蝉拟青霉生物 菌剂的液体剂; 将二级种子用辅料和载体吸附, 在温度为 10 — 50°C条件下烘 干或者采用冷冻干燥的方法, 制成粉剂、 颗粒剂; 可得所述的蝉拟青 霉生物菌剂的粉体剂;
上述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物;其中,蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物;
方法三
将二级种子按 5-20%的比例加入水中, 得到二级种子混合物, 将 二级种子混合物与制剂培养基按照 1 : 0. 8一一 1. 2 的重量份数比混 合,在温度为 10 ― 45°C的环境下培养 8— 20天,然后在温度为 10 ― 50°C条件下烘干或者采用冷冻干燥的方法干燥成固态,即得到所述的 蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的固态剂;
制剂培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 30— 68 , 柳树皮粉 1一 4, 茶叶粉 0. 05— 1 ; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物。
上述蝉拟青霉生物菌剂在防治植物线虫中的应用,是用于制备具 有杀灭寄居性和半寄居性植物线虫或杀灭蛴螬、 韭蛆的杀虫剂的作 用。
本发明生产的防治线虫的真菌剂, 从产品效能、 产品货架期、 防 治线虫范围、 适用地域范围、 对环境的影响、 生产工艺及成本、 原料 来源等方面, 具有以下特点:
1、 防治作物线虫病害的高效性
根结线虫病害是一类有土传特性的重要病害,具有高传染性和高 抗药性, 防治难度很大, 根治的难度更大, 一般防治方法的防治效果 在 30%— 70%之间。 本发明的制剂, 田间防效可达 400天以上, 防治 效果达到 90%以上。 如果杜绝外来传染源, 连续应用三年, 可基本消 除线虫对作物造成的产量损失。
2、 线虫防治范围广谱
目前现有的防治线虫的微生物农药, 一般仅对某一类线虫有效。 本发明的制剂,能同时防治多类线虫对作物的为害,可防治根结线虫、 大豆胞囊线虫、 小麦胞囊线虫、 马铃薯胞囊线虫、 甘薯茎线虫、 香蕉 穿孔线虫、 柑橘半穿刺线虫、 肾形肾状线虫、 异皮线虫、 短体根结线 虫等寄居性和半寄居性线虫。
3、 防治作物线虫病害的长效性
根结线虫病害是一类有土传特性的重要病害,具有高传染性和高 抗药性, 防治难度很大, 根治的难度更大, 一般防治方法不能达到长 效防治的要求,也不能达到同时防治多种线虫的目的。本发明的制剂, 一个种植季节一次用药,田间防效可达 150天以上,一年内两次用药, 田间防效可达 400天以上, 防治效果达到 90%以上, 可用于对桔梗、 葡萄、 柑橘等多年生植物线虫的防治。
4、 产品货架期的长效储存性
目前现有的防治线虫的微生物农药, 一般达不到 18个月保质期 的要求。 本发明的制剂, 生产的商品制剂微生物, 在南北纬 55 ° 之 间的区域, 常温下存放, 货架保质期一般可存放 24个月, 货架保质 期最长可达 36个月。
5、 适用地域广
由于土壤性质的差异, 气候条件有别, 耕作制度不同, 目前现有 的防治线虫的微生物农药, 因土壤抑菌性等方面的因素, 田间防治效 果会发生很大差异。 本发明的制剂, 采用的是适应性强的广布种, 在 南北纬 55 ° 之间均可使用, 田间效果差异小于 10%。
6、 对环境和人类健康友好
本发明的制剂,所采用的蝉拟青霉菌是广布菌种,在我国是常用 的人体保健用中药, 对环境、 人类、 禽畜鱼类安全, 符合有机食品和 绿色食品生产对生物杀线虫菌剂要求。
7、 易于规模化生产、 生产成本较低
液态条件下深层发酵生产,可建设自动化流水线,采用容积 50000 升容器的连续生产, 生产所用的培养基等原料, 相对价格低廉且容易 获得, 在实际应用中, 若以保护地黄瓜、 西红柿为例, 其价格仅相当 于化学农药溴甲垸的 40— 60%。
8、 生产过程无污染
本发明在生产过程中, 无工业废水、 渣排放, 对环境安全、 无污 9、 防治作物的其它地下害虫
本发明对蛴螬、 韭蛆、 菜蛾等害虫的地下蛹有一定的杀灭作用。 具体实施方式
实施例 1
本发明所述的利用生物菌制备的蝉拟青霉生物菌剂采用蝉拟青 霉进行菌种培养, 采用液体发酵, 大量繁殖后, 直接加工或者用载体 吸附方法制备生物杀线虫菌剂,商品制剂为该制剂为蝉拟青霉及其培 养基以及辅料、 承载物的混合物体;
所述培养基为蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉、 柳树皮粉、 茶叶粉、 水的混合 物, 其重量份数比如下
蛋白质粉 100—— 300, 蚕蛹粉 100—— 300,
柳树皮粉 10—— 40, 茶叶粉 5—— 10,
水 1000—— 1500;
所述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物; 上述蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物。
上述鸡蛋为生鸡蛋的蛋清和蛋黄, 也可以是熟鸡蛋粉碎后的鸡蛋 粉, 蚕蛹粉就是生蚕蛹粉碎后的粉末状的粉体, 柳树皮粉就是柳树皮 粉碎后的粉末状的粉体, 其他各种粉体的含义类似。
包括蛋白质粉在内的各种粉体均粉碎为 80—— 300目。
本发明所述的蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的生产方法, 包括菌种取得, 菌 种培养, 液体发酵, 或固体培养。所述菌种为蝉拟青霉 Paeci lomyces cicddae (Migud) Samson, 该菌种为广布种, 见于蝉的成虫, 称为 "蝉花", 安徽科学技术出版社 1996年出版的《昆虫真菌学》中有详 细介绍。
具体说, 该生产方法包括如下歩骤:
A) 种子制备
用水、 醇沉淀法提取蝉拟青霉菌, 即得蝉拟青霉菌种。 详细歩骤 已有多种公开文献叙述, 如《中国农业科学》等学术期刊, 在此不再 重复。
将商品蝉拟青霉菌种在培养基上以液体摇瓶法培养种子或斜面试 管液态培养种子。 每 1千克培养基使用 0. 01— 5克蝉拟青霉菌种。 将上述培养基的成分与蝉拟青霉菌种充分混合后,放置在温度为 0 - 30°C的环境中, 通气的条件下培养 6 12天, 得到蝉拟青霉 种子;
B)、 一级种子罐发酵
将上述歩骤 A) 取得的蝉拟青霉种子与水按照 1 : 1000—— 1500 的重量份数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40% 70%加入一级培养 基, 在温度为 -15—— 45°C环境下, 培养 6—— 12天, 得到一级种子; 所述一级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 10— 35 , 柳树皮粉 1 4, 茶叶粉 0. 2—1; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
C) 二级种子罐发酵
将上述歩骤 B) 得到的一级种子与水按照 1 : 3—— 40 的重量份 数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40% 70%加入二级培养基, 在温 度为 -15 45°C环境下, 培养 6 12天, 得到二级种子,
所述二级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 100— 350 , 柳树皮粉 5— 30, 茶叶粉 1 15; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
D) 制剂的生产
将上述歩骤 C) 取得的二级种子按照如下方法之一生产制剂, 方法一
在发酵罐中加入水 12000— 16000重量份, 二级种子 100— 200重 量份, 蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 1500— 3500重量份, 柳树皮粉 200— 1200 重量份, 茶叶粉 40— 100重量份, 培养温度 10 ― 45°C , 通气培养 时间 6— 12天; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉 和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物; 然后分装, 可得所述的蝉拟青霉生物 菌剂的液体剂;
方法二
将二级种子用辅料和载体吸附, 在温度为 10 - 50°C条件下烘 干或者采用冷冻干燥的方法, 制成粉剂、 颗粒剂; 可得所述的蝉拟青 霉生物菌剂的粉体剂;
上述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物;其中,蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物;
方法三
将二级种子按 5-20%的比例加入水中, 得到二级种子混合物, 将 二级种子混合物与制剂培养基按照 1 : 0. 8一一 1. 2 的重量份数比混 合,在温度为 10 ― 45°C的环境下培养 8— 20天,然后在温度为 10 ― 50°C条件下烘干或者采用冷冻干燥的方法干燥成固态,即得到所述的 蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的固态剂;冷冻干燥的方法在化学工业出版社 2002 年 12月出版的 《微生物制药》 一书中有详细介绍, 在此不再重复。
制剂培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 30— 68 , 柳树皮粉 1一 4, 茶叶粉 0. 05— 1 ; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物。
该实施例中各成分的比例以及温度、时间等条件可以根据需要在 规定的范围内适当调整, 并根据情况确定辅料和载体的用量。选择不 同的参数只回影响最终产品的质量和效果,并不影响本发明目的的实 现。
实施例 2
生产方法包括如下歩骤:
用水提醇沉淀法提取蝉拟青霉。
再以液体摇瓶法培养种子,将蝉拟青霉 0. 01-5重量份与培养基混 合, 培养基为混匀的鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的混合物 300— 680重量份, 柳树 皮 10— 40重量份, 茶叶 5— 10重量份, 水 1000重量份。 其中, 鸡蛋 与蚕蛹粉的混合物是生鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的混合物,也可以是熟鸡蛋粉与 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的重量比例为 1一 9: 1或 1 : 1-9 培养温度为 0 — 30°C, 通气的条件下培养 6—— 12天。 得到蝉拟青 霉种子。
一级种子罐发酵 在 50升全自动发酵罐中, 加入水 20— 35升, 蝉拟青霉种子 20 毫升, 混匀的鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的混合物为水的重量份的 40% 70%, 柳树皮粉 1 4公斤, 茶叶粉 0. 2— 1公斤。 根据环境温度的不同, 适 当调整培养的时间, 例如: 环境温度为 15 ― 30°C时, 培养 6 — 7 天; 环境温度为 -15 ― 10°C时, 培养 24 ― 72小时; 环境温度为 0 45°C时, 培养 5 — 6天。 培养完成后, 发酵罐中的混合物即为一 级种子。
二级种子罐发酵
在 500升全自动发酵罐中, 加入水 200— 350升, 一级种子 5— 50 升, 鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的混合物 100— 350公斤, 柳树皮粉 5— 30公斤, 茶叶粉 1 15公斤。 根据环境温度的不同, 适当调整培养的时间, 例 如: 培养温度 10 ― 45°C时, 培养时间 6— 12天。培养为温度 -15 ― 10°C时, 培养 24 ― 72小时。 培养完成后, 发酵罐中的混合物即为 二级种子。
将上述歩骤取得的二级种子按照如下方法之一生产制剂, 液体剂的制备方法
方法一
用 20000升容积的容器发酵,在发酵罐中加入水 12000— 16000升、 二级种子 100— 200升、鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉的混合物 1500— 3500公斤、柳 树皮粉 200— 1200公斤、 茶叶粉 40— 100公斤, 培养温度 10 ― 45
°C, 通气培养时间 6— 12天。 然后直接分装, 可得蝉拟青霉生物菌剂 的商品制剂。
方法二
将二级种子, 用辅料和载体吸附, 根据需要制成粉剂、 颗粒剂等 不同剂型的生物杀线虫制剂。
浓縮或添加辅料后和承载物后, 在温度为 10 ― 50°C条件下干燥 或真空冷冻干燥或即可得到蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的商品制剂。。
上述辅料是鸡蛋, 即生鸡蛋或熟的鸡蛋粉, 承载物是杨树、 柳树、 梨树、 榆树、 刺槐树、 柿子树、 柑橘树等树皮的粉末。
50000升容积以上的发酵时间为 8— 20天, 温度 10 ― 45°C。 基, 温度在 10― 45°C , 培养 8— 20天, 烘干或真空冷冻干燥。 培 养基的组成为混匀的鸡蛋与蚕蛹粉、 树皮粉、 茶叶, 其重量比为 30 —68: 1—4: 0. 05— l o 树皮粉为杨树、 柳树、 梨树、 榆树、 刺槐树、 柿子树、 柑橘树等树皮的粉末。
防治根结线虫试验结果表
(一) 实验结果测算方法
1、 病株分级标准如下:
0级: 根系完整, 无根结;
I级: 有少量根结 (占根系量的 11%_25%) ·'
II级: 根结形成中等数量 (占根系量的 26%-50%) ;
III级: 根结数量较多 (占根系量的 51%-75%) ·'
IV级: 根结特多且较大 (占根系量的 76%-100%) 。
2、 根结指数及防治效果计算:
∑ (各级病株数 X相应级数值)
根结指数 (%) = x ioo
调查总株数 X 4 处理区根结指数
) X 100
对照区根结指数
(二) 各项试验结果
在山东省潍坊市、 青岛市等地区, 选择根结线虫为害严重, 对涕 灭威、噻唑磷等化学杀线虫剂已经产生抗药性的蔬菜大棚、早春西瓜 田、 大田桔梗、 大田牛蒡、 大田大姜, 连续三年进行防治效果和根结 线虫的抗药性随机试验, 防治效果显著。 其中, 黄瓜、 番茄、 西瓜的 试验结果如下:
1、 黄瓜大棚, 根结线虫已经连续发生六年
生防菌制剂施用后 160天对黄瓜根结线虫的防治效果
160d/l次
处理周期
生防菌剂用量 根结指数 防治效果(%) 第一年 300ml/667m2 7. 29 92. 4
第二年 300ml/667m2 3. 88 96 第三年 300ml/667m2 2. 71 97. 2
CK (空白对照) 96. 5
2、 番茄大棚, 根结线虫已经连续发生七年
生防菌制剂施用后 150天对番茄根结线虫的防治效果
150d/l次
处理周期
生防菌剂用量 根结指数 防治效果(%) 第一年 300ml/667m2 6. 46 93. 1 第二年 300ml/667m2 4. 35 95. 5 第三年 300ml/667m2 2. 71 97. 1
CK (空白对照) 93. 5
3、 早春西瓜, 根结线虫已经连续发生十年
生防菌制剂施用后 120天对嫁接西瓜根结线虫的防治效果
120d/l次
处理周期
生防菌剂用量 根结指数 防治效果(%) 第一年 300ml/667m2 7. 5 91. 8 第二年 300ml/667m2 4. 38
第三年 300ml/667m2 2. 71 97. 02
CK (空白对照) 91
4、 黄瓜与苦瓜套种大棚, 根结线虫已经连续发生八年, 在黄瓜定 植前, 已经进行了线虫防治处理, 黄瓜的生长期为 140天, 苦瓜在黄 瓜定植后的 90— 100天后定植, 在苦瓜定植前 3—— 5天或定植后 30 天内进行防治线虫处理。
生防菌制剂施用后 120天对大棚套种苦瓜根结线虫的防治效果
Figure imgf000012_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 蝉拟青霉生物菌剂, 其特征在于: 该制剂为蝉拟青霉及其培 养基以及辅料、 承载物的混合物体;
所述培养基为蛋白质粉、 蚕踊粉、 柳树皮粉、 茶叶粉、 水的混合 物, 其重量份数比如下
蛋白质粉 100—— 300 , 蚕蛹粉 100—— 300 ,
柳树皮粉 10—— 40 , 茶叶粉 5—— 1 0 ,
水 1000—— 1500;
所述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物; 上述蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的制备方法, 其特征 在于包括如下步骤:
A )种子制备
用水、 醇沉淀法提取蝉拟青霉菌, 即得蝉拟青霉菌种;
在培养基上以液体摇瓶法或斜面试管液态培养种子,每 1千克培 养基使用 0. 01 5克蝉拟青霉菌种;
将上述培养基的成分与蝉拟青霉菌种充分混合后,放置在温度为
0 - 30 °C的环境中, 通气的条件下培养 6 12天, 得到蝉拟青霉 种子;
B )、 一级种子罐发酵
将上述步骤 A )取得的蝉拟青霉种子与水按照 1 : 1000—— 1500 的重量份数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40%—— 70%加入一级培养 基, 在温度为 -15 45 °C环境下, 培养 6 12天, 得到一级种子; 所述一级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 10— 35 , 柳树皮粉 1 -4 , 茶叶粉 0. 2— 1 ; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
C )二级种子罐发酵
将上述步骤 B )得到的一级种子与水按照 1 : 3 40的重量份 数比混合, 再按照水的重量份的 40%—— 70%加入二级培养基, 在温 度为 -15 45 °C环境下, 培养 6 12天, 得到二级种子, 所述二级培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕蛹粉 100— 350 , 柳树皮粉 5— 30, 茶叶粉 1一 15 ; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物;
D )制剂的生产
将上述步骤 C )取得的二级种子按照如下方法之一生产制剂, 方法一
在发酵罐中加入水 U GGG— GGO重量份, 二级种子 100—200重 量份, 蛋白质粉或蚕踊粉 1500— 3500重量份, 柳树皮粉 200— 1200 重量份, 茶叶粉 40— 100重量份, 培养温度 10 — 45 °C , 通气培养 时间 6— 12天; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉 和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物; 然后分装, 可得所述的蝉拟青霉生物 菌剂的液体剂;
方法二
将二级种子用辅料和载体吸附, 在温度为 10 - 50 °C条件下烘 干或者釆用冷冻干燥的方法, 制成粉剂、 颗粒剂; 可得所述的蝉拟青 霉生物菌剂的粉体剂;
上述辅料是蛋白质粉、 蚕蛹粉的混合物, 承载物是杨树皮粉、 柳 树皮粉、 梨树皮粉、 榆树皮粉、 刺槐树皮粉、 柿子树皮粉、 柑橘树皮 粉中的一种或多种的混合物;其中,蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意比例的混合物;
方法三
将二级种子按 5-20%的比例加入水中, 得到二级种子混合物, 将 二级种子混合物与制剂培养基按照 1 : 0. 8一一 1. 2 的重量份数比混 合,在温度为 10 - 45 °C的环境下培养 8— 20天,然后在温度为 10 - 50°C条件下烘干或者釆用冷冻干燥的方法干燥成固态,即得到所述的 蝉拟青霉生物菌剂的固态剂;
制剂培养基包含如下重量份数比的成分
蛋白质粉或蚕踊粉 30— 68 , 柳树皮粉 1一 4 , 茶叶粉 0. 05— 1 ; 其中, 蛋白质粉是鸡蛋粉或者蛋白胨粉, 或者鸡蛋粉和蛋白胨粉任意 比例的混合物。
3、 权利要求 1所述的蝉拟青霉生物菌剂在防治植物线虫中的应 用,其特征是用于制备具有杀灭寄居性和半寄居性植物线虫或杀灭蛴 螬、 韭蛆的杀虫剂的作用。
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