WO2010110288A1 - 免疫グロブリンに親和性を有するタンパク質および免疫グロブリン結合性アフィニティーリガンド - Google Patents
免疫グロブリンに親和性を有するタンパク質および免疫グロブリン結合性アフィニティーリガンド Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010110288A1 WO2010110288A1 PCT/JP2010/055030 JP2010055030W WO2010110288A1 WO 2010110288 A1 WO2010110288 A1 WO 2010110288A1 JP 2010055030 W JP2010055030 W JP 2010055030W WO 2010110288 A1 WO2010110288 A1 WO 2010110288A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/281—Sorbents specially adapted for preparative, analytical or investigative chromatography
- B01J20/286—Phases chemically bonded to a substrate, e.g. to silica or to polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3268—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3272—Polymers obtained by reactions otherwise than involving only carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds
- B01J20/3274—Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, antibodies or antigens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/305—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Micrococcaceae (F)
- C07K14/31—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Micrococcaceae (F) from Staphylococcus (G)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/38—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism involving specific interaction not covered by one or more of groups B01D15/265 - B01D15/36
- B01D15/3804—Affinity chromatography
- B01D15/3809—Affinity chromatography of the antigen-antibody type, e.g. protein A, G, L chromatography
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
- C07K2319/23—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand containing a GST-tag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
- C07K2319/24—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand containing a MBP (maltose binding protein)-tag
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a protein that specifically binds to an antibody, an affinity separation matrix using the protein as an immunoglobulin-binding affinity ligand, and a method for separating and purifying or adsorbing antibodies using the matrix.
- the antibody has a function of specifically binding to a substance called an antigen, and a function of detoxifying and removing a factor having the antigen in cooperation with other biomolecules and cells.
- the name “antibody” is a name that emphasizes the function of binding to such an antigen, and the substance is called “immunoglobulin”.
- antibody pharmaceuticals using functions of antibodies.
- antibody drugs work more specifically for target molecules, and are expected to reduce side effects and achieve high therapeutic effects. It contributes to the improvement.
- Monoclonal IgG antibodies that have been developed as antibody pharmaceuticals are basically produced in large quantities using recombinant cultured cell technology or the like, and purified using proteins having affinity for IgG antibodies.
- Protein A is well known as an immunoglobulin-binding protein having affinity for IgG antibodies.
- Protein A is one of the cell wall proteins produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Signal sequence S, five immunoglobulin binding domains (E domain, D domain, A domain, B) Domain, C domain) and an XM region which is a cell wall binding domain (Non-patent Document 1).
- an affinity chromatography column (hereinafter referred to as protein A column) in which protein A is immobilized as a ligand on a water-insoluble carrier is generally used ( Non-patent document 1, Non-patent document 2, Non-patent document 3).
- a typical recombinant protein A is recombinant protein A from which the XM region having no immunoglobulin binding activity has been removed (rProtein A Sepharose (trademark), manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, Inc.). Columns using recombinant protein A from which the XM region has been removed as a ligand have the advantage that non-specific adsorption of proteins can be suppressed compared to conventional products, and are currently widely used industrially.
- Patent Document 1 recombinant protein A
- Patent Document 2 recombinant protein A
- Protein A obtained by introducing these mutations has an effect in immobilization on a water-insoluble carrier, and has an advantage in reducing the binding capacity of the antibody to the column and the leakage of the immobilized ligand.
- a technique using a modified domain in which a mutation is introduced into a B domain as a ligand is also well known (Patent Document 3, Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 4).
- the Z domain is a modified domain in which a mutation that replaces Gly at position 29 with Ala is introduced into the B domain.
- a mutation that replaces Ala at position 1 of the B domain with Val is also introduced at the same time. This is intended to make it easier to produce a coding gene in which a plurality of domains are linked by genetic engineering.
- Patent Document 4 includes an example using a mutant in which Val at the 1st position of the Z domain is replaced with Ala).
- the Z domain is known to have higher alkali resistance than the B domain, and has an advantage in repeated use by alkali cleaning. Based on the Z domain, ligands imparted with further alkali resistance by substituting Asn with other amino acids have been invented (Patent Documents 5 and 6), and industrial use has also begun.
- Non-patent Document 5 Another feature of the Z domain is that the ability to bind to the Fab region of immunoglobulin is weakened (Non-patent Document 5). This feature has the advantage that the antibody is easily dissociated in the step of dissociating the bound antibody with an acid (Non-patent Document 1, Patent Document 7).
- Patent Document 4 In addition to the Z domain derived from the B domain, research based on the C domain of protein A is underway as a modified protein A ligand with high alkali resistance (Patent Document 4). These ligands are characterized by taking advantage of the high alkali resistance inherent in the wild-type C domain, and are attracting attention as a new base domain that replaces the Z domain. However, as a result of our verification on the C domain, it has been found that the antibody is not easily dissociated in the step of dissociating the antibody bound to the C domain with an acid.
- Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 4 show that the C domain has a strong ability to bind to the Fab region of an immunoglobulin, and this feature is presumed to cause the antibody to be difficult to dissociate with an acid. It was.
- antibody acid dissociation characteristics were examined using a C domain into which a mutation that replaces Gly at position 29 with Ala was introduced. As a result, an improvement was seen compared to the wild type C domain. It was still inadequate.
- the C domain introduced with a mutation that replaces Gly at position 29 with Ala may be caused by insufficient decrease in the ability to bind to the Fab region of immunoglobulin. I understood.
- G29A the only known mutation at position 29 of the immunoglobulin A binding domain of protein A is “G29A”, which replaces Gly at position 29 with Ala, suggesting a mutation that introduces an amino acid residue other than Ala at this site. Things were not known.
- G29A is a mutation introduced on the assumption that Ala, which has the smallest side chain next to Gly, is the most suitable in order to minimize the change in conformation, and has so far been an amino acid having a larger side chain. The substitution to was not considered (Non-Patent Document 4). Therefore, Gly at position 29, which has a greater change in conformation and may impair the original function (binding ability to immunoglobulin, etc.), is substituted with an amino acid having a larger side chain than Ala.
- Non-patent Document 4 No mutation that replaces amino acids other than Ala has been introduced to date.
- Another object is to create a novel modified protein A ligand having high alkali resistance.
- the inventors of the present invention designed a number of recombinant protein A mutants, and obtained the mutants from transformants using protein engineering techniques and genetic engineering techniques.
- the present invention was completed by comparing and examining the physical properties of the obtained mutants.
- the present invention relates to an amino acid sequence derived from any one of the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A described in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5, wherein one or more Gly is an amino acid other than Ala.
- Affinity to immunoglobulin characterized in that the affinity for the Fab region of the immunoglobulin is reduced compared to a protein having an amino acid sequence substituted with Gly and an amino acid sequence in which the Gly is substituted with Ala. It relates to a protein having sex.
- the Gly is preferably Gly corresponding to position 29 of the C domain conserved in the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A.
- Gly corresponding to position 29 in the C domain is Gly at position 27 in the E domain, Gly at position 32 in the D domain, Gly at position 29 in the A domain, Gly at position 29 in the B domain, and 29 in the C domain. It is preferable that the position is Gly.
- the amino acid other than Ala is preferably any one of Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Thr, Asp, Glu, Arg, His, Lys, Met, Cys, Asn, and Gln.
- the amino acid other than Ala is preferably any one of Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Glu, Arg, and Met.
- amino acid sequence before mutagenesis is the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.
- the chemical stability under alkaline conditions is improved as compared with the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence before the mutation introduction.
- amino acid sequence after the introduction of the mutation is preferably an amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NOs: 6-18.
- the present invention also relates to a protein comprising a plurality of domains in which two or more of the proteins are linked.
- the present invention also relates to a protein consisting of a plurality of domains in which two or more kinds of the above-mentioned different types of proteins are linked.
- the number of domains is preferably 2-5.
- the present invention also relates to DNA encoding the protein or the protein consisting of the multiple domains.
- sequence identity of the base sequences constituting the linked domains is preferably 90% or less.
- the present invention also relates to a vector containing the DNA.
- the present invention also relates to a transformant obtained by transforming the vector into a host.
- the host is preferably a gram positive bacterium.
- the Gram-positive bacterium is preferably a Brevibacillus bacterium.
- the Brevibacillus bacterium is preferably Brevibacillus choshinensis.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing the protein or a protein comprising a plurality of domains, using the cell-free protein synthesis system using the transformant or DNA.
- the production method it is preferable to accumulate the protein in the cell and / or periplasmic region of the transformant and / or to secrete the protein outside the cell of the transformant.
- the present invention also relates to an affinity separation matrix, wherein the protein or a protein comprising a plurality of domains is immobilized on a carrier comprising a water-insoluble substrate as an affinity ligand.
- the affinity separation matrix preferably binds to a protein containing an immunoglobulin Fc region.
- the protein containing the Fc region of the immunoglobulin is preferably an antibody, an antibody derivative, a fragment antibody, or a fragment antibody derivative.
- the antibody, antibody derivative, fragment antibody, and fragment antibody derivative are preferably either IgG or IgG derivative.
- the invention also relates to the use of said affinity separation matrix in the separation of proteins comprising the Fc region of an immunoglobulin.
- the protein of the present invention has higher alkali resistance than existing modified protein A ligands and sufficient antibody acid dissociation properties, leading to the creation of new modified protein A ligands.
- an affinity separation matrix in which a modified protein A ligand containing the protein as a constituent is immobilized on a carrier, an antibody-like molecule, more specifically, an antibody containing an Fc region of an immunoglobulin, an antibody derivative, a fragment antibody, In addition, the fragment antibody derivative can be separated and purified.
- the E, D, A, B, and C domains derived from protein A have highly homologous amino acid sequences, and Gly conserved between these domains is substituted with an amino acid other than Ala. Thus, even if any of the E, D, A, B, and C domains is used, the above-described effects are commonly obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing residual IgG binding activity (%) after alkali treatment of various B-G29X, B-wild, and B-G29A according to Example 10 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing residual IgG binding activity (%) after alkali treatment of various C-G29X, C-wild, and C-G29A according to Example 11 and Comparative Example 1 of the present invention. It is the DNA sequence alignment figure of each connected domain in the DNA sequence created by carrying out back translation from the amino acid sequence of 5 connection type C-G29V based on Example 12 of this invention.
- FIG. 8 shows the results of SDS-PAGE analysis of culture supernatants of (A) 5-linked C-G29V and (B) 5-linked C-wild-expressing recombinant bacteria according to Example 13 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention. It is a figure.
- the protein of the present invention comprises one or more Gly amino acids other than Ala in an amino acid sequence derived from any one of E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A described in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 Affinity to immunoglobulin, characterized by having a reduced affinity for the Fab region of an immunoglobulin compared to a protein having an amino acid sequence substituted with Gly and an amino acid sequence in which the Gly is substituted with Ala. It is characterized by having.
- Protein A is a protein composed of five immunoglobulin-binding domains linked together.
- a plurality of microorganisms express protein A. Examples of microorganisms that express protein A include Staphylococcus.
- the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A described in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5 are immunoglobulin-binding proteins that can bind to regions other than the complementarity determining region (CDR) of immunoglobulins. Yes, each domain binds to a respective region of an immunoglobulin Fc region, Fab region, and particularly an Fv region in the Fab region. As shown in the sequence comparison table of FIG.
- the E, D, A, B, and C domains derived from protein A have amino acid sequences that are highly homologous to each other, and the Gly at position 29 of the C domain. Furthermore, amino acid sequences corresponding to amino acid residues from positions 26 to 39 are conserved in all domains.
- the amino acid sequence derived from the domain refers to the amino acid sequence before the mutation is introduced, and examples thereof include the wild-type amino acid sequences of any of E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A. It is not limited to wild type. Even if the amino acid sequence is modified by partial amino acid substitution, insertion, deletion, and chemical modification, except for a mutation that replaces Gly corresponding to position 29 of the C domain with an amino acid other than Ala, the Fc region As long as it encodes a protein having the ability to bind to, it is included in the amino acid sequence derived from the domain before the mutation is introduced.
- the Z domain in which mutations A1V and G29A are introduced into the B domain is a sequence derived from the B domain, and the protein obtained by introducing an amino acid residue other than Gly into Ala at position 29 of the Z domain Included in the protein of the invention.
- protein includes any molecule having a polypeptide structure, and a polypeptide chain that is fragmented or linked by peptide bonds is also the term “protein”. Is included.
- a “domain” is a unit in a higher-order structure of a protein, which is composed of a sequence of several tens to several hundreds of amino acid residues, and is sufficient for expressing any physicochemical or biochemical function. The unit.
- G29A a mutation that replaces Gly at position 29 with Ala.
- the number of Gly substituted with an amino acid other than Ala is not particularly limited, and the affinity for the Fab region of immunoglobulin is reduced and affinity for immunoglobulin compared to a protein having an amino acid sequence substituted with Ala. What is necessary is just to have sex.
- the protein before the mutation is introduced preferably has a sequence identity of 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more with the wild-type amino acid sequence of any of E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A And a protein having the ability to bind to the Fc region.
- the Gly substituted with an amino acid other than Ala is not particularly limited as long as it is a Gly existing in any one of the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 5. , For example, Gly conserved between domains, specifically, Gly corresponding to position 29 of the C domain.
- “corresponding” means that when the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A are aligned as shown in FIG.
- Gly corresponding to position 29 in the C domain examples include Gly at position 27 in the E domain, Gly at position 32 in the D domain, Gly at position 29 in the A domain, and Gly at position 29 in the B domain.
- the position of Gly in these amino acid sequences can be changed by insertion, deletion, or addition of an N-terminal amino acid residue. From the amino acid sequences conserved before and after the Gly residue, those skilled in the art The amino acid residue into which the mutation is introduced can be determined.
- Amino acid substitution means a mutation that deletes the original amino acid and adds another amino acid at the same position.
- Another amino acid to be added is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include natural protein-constituting amino acids, protein non-constituting amino acids, and non-natural amino acids. Among these, natural amino acids can be preferably used from the viewpoint of genetic engineering production.
- the amino acid other than Ala introduced by substitution is not particularly limited, but any of Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Thr, Asp, Glu, Arg, His, Lys, Met, Cys, Asn, Gln It is preferable that Among these, any of Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Thr, Asp, Glu, Arg, His, and Met is more preferable.
- the amino acid other than Ala introduced by substitution may be any of Leu, Ile, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Glu, Arg, and Met in terms of improving chemical stability under alkaline conditions. Preferably, it is any of Phe, Tyr, Trp, and Met.
- a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which Gly is substituted with an amino acid other than Ala
- an amino acid other than Ala in Gly at position 29 for example, in the amino acid sequence constituting the C domain of protein A shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, an amino acid other than Ala in Gly at position 29 And a protein consisting of an amino acid sequence obtained by substitution.
- the protein of the present invention When the above-described amino acid substitution mutation is introduced in the protein of the present invention, there is an effect of improving chemical stability under alkaline conditions as compared with a protein into which a mutation for substituting Gly for Ala is introduced.
- the protein obtained by introducing a mutation into the amino acid sequence constituting the C domain has chemical stability under alkaline conditions as compared to the case derived from other E, D, A, and B domains. high.
- an alkaline solution may be used for the purpose of, for example, washing organic substances remaining on the column. “Conditions” refers to the degree of alkalinity that can achieve this washing purpose. More specifically, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of about 0.05 to 1.0 N is applicable, but is not limited thereto.
- “Chemical stability” refers to the property that a protein retains the function of the protein without undergoing chemical modification such as a chemical change of an amino acid residue and chemical modification such as amide bond transfer or cleavage.
- retention of protein function refers to the activity of binding to the Fc region of immunoglobulin (the proportion of protein that retains affinity without undergoing chemical denaturation). That is, the higher the “chemical stability”, the smaller the degree to which the binding activity of immunoglobulins to the Fc region decreases after the immersion treatment in an alkaline solution.
- the affinity for the Fc region of an immunoglobulin after treatment in 0.5N sodium hydroxide solution at 30 ° C. for 25 hours respectively. If 40% of the wild-type protein remains and 50% of the protein after mutagenesis remains with respect to the binding activity exhibited by the same molar concentration of protein before each treatment, It can be said that the protein is more stable under alkaline conditions than the wild-type protein. By immersing in an alkaline solution so that the residual binding activity of the wild-type protein is 10 to 40%, the residual binding activity of the protein after mutagenesis is changed to the residual binding activity of the wild-type protein treated under the same conditions.
- the protein obtained by introducing a substitution mutation is preferably a sequence of 85% or more, and more preferably 90% or more of the amino acid sequence of any of the E, D, A, B, and C domains of protein A Shows identity.
- the protein of the present invention may be a protein consisting of only a single domain, but it is preferably a monomeric protein or a single domain of preferably 2 or more, more preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 5 Or a linked multimeric protein (multi-domain protein).
- These multimeric proteins may be homopolymers such as homodimers or homotrimers that are linked to a single immunoglobulin-binding domain, or heterodimers that are linked to different types of immunoglobulin-binding domains. Or a heteropolymer such as a heterotrimer.
- Examples of how the monomeric protein obtained by the present invention is linked include a method of linking with one or a plurality of amino acid residues, but is not limited to these methods. There is no particular limitation on the number of amino acid residues to be linked. Preferably, the one that does not destabilize the three-dimensional structure of the monomeric protein.
- the protein of the present invention or a protein consisting of a plurality of domains can also be obtained as a fusion protein with a known protein that has an effect of assisting protein expression or has an advantage of facilitating purification.
- fusion proteins include, but are not limited to, proteins fused with albumin, MBP (maltose binding protein) or GST (glutathione S-transferase).
- MBP maltose binding protein
- GST glutthione S-transferase
- the present invention can be used as long as it utilizes the usefulness of the protein obtained in the present invention. Included in the invention.
- the present invention also relates to a DNA having a base sequence encoding the protein obtained by the above method.
- the DNA may be any amino acid sequence obtained by translating the base sequence constituting the DNA as long as it constitutes the protein.
- Such DNA can be obtained by using a commonly used known method, for example, a polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter abbreviated as PCR) method. It can also be synthesized by a known chemical synthesis method, and can also be obtained from a DNA library.
- the base sequence constituting the DNA may not be the same as the original base sequence as long as the codon may be replaced with a degenerate codon and it encodes the same amino acid when translated.
- a recombinant DNA technique As a method for introducing a site-specific mutation into the DNA encoding the protein of the present invention, a recombinant DNA technique, a PCR method or the like can be used as follows.
- the introduction of mutations by recombinant DNA technology can be performed when, for example, appropriate restriction enzyme recognition sequences exist on both sides of the target site where mutations are desired in the gene encoding the protein of the present invention.
- the enzyme recognition sequence portion is cleaved with the restriction enzyme, and after removing the region including the site where mutation is desired, the cassette mutation method is performed in which a DNA fragment mutated only to the target site is inserted by chemical synthesis or the like. it can.
- site-specific mutation by PCR is, for example, a double double-stranded plasmid in which PCR is performed using a double-stranded plasmid encoding a protein as a template and two kinds of synthetic oligo primers containing mutations complementary to the + and ⁇ strands. This can be done by the primer method.
- a DNA encoding a multimeric protein can be prepared by linking a desired number of DNAs encoding the monomer protein (one domain) in series.
- an appropriate restriction enzyme site is introduced into a DNA sequence, and double-stranded DNA fragmented with a restriction enzyme can be ligated with DNA ligase.
- the method for producing DNA encoding a multimeric protein is not limited to these linking methods.
- it can also be produced by applying the above-described mutation introduction method to DNA encoding protein A (for example, International Publication No. WO06 / 004067).
- DNA encoding protein A for example, International Publication No. WO06 / 004067.
- homologous recombination may be induced in the host. It is preferable that the sequence identity between the nucleotide sequences of DNA encoding the monomeric protein is 90% or less, more preferably 85% or less.
- the vector includes the aforementioned protein, or DNA containing a base sequence encoding a partial amino acid sequence thereof, and a promoter that can function in a host operably linked to the base sequence. Usually, it can be obtained by ligating or inserting a DNA containing a gene encoding the above-described protein into an appropriate vector.
- the vector for inserting the gene is not particularly limited as long as it can replicate autonomously in the host, and plasmid DNA or phage DNA can be used as the vector.
- vectors such as pQE vectors (Qiagen), pET vectors (Merck), and pGEX vectors (GE Healthcare Japan) may be used. .
- pUB110 known as a Bacillus subtilis vector
- pHY500 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-31682
- pNY700 Japanese Patent Laid-open No. Hei 4-
- No. 278091 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-31682
- pNU211R2L5 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-170984
- pHT210 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-133782
- pNCMO2 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-238869
- a transformant can be obtained by introducing the vector of the present invention into a host cell.
- methods for transforming a vector into a host include a method using calcium ions, an electroporation method, a spheroplast method, a lithium acetate method, an Agrobacterium infection method, a particle gun method, or a polyethylene glycol method. Although it is mentioned, it is not limited to this.
- a method for maintaining the vector in the host for example, a method of maintaining the vector by autonomous replication of the vector independently from the genome (chromosome) in the cell, or a method of integrating the prepared gene into the genome (chromosome) The method of maintaining depending on it is mentioned.
- the host cell is not particularly limited, but for mass production at a low cost, it is preferably E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptomyces (Streptomyces). ) And bacteria (eubacteria) such as Corynebacterium can be preferably used. More preferably, Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacillus genus, Staphylococcus genus, Streptococcus genus, Streptomyces genus, and Corynebacterium genus are preferable. More preferably, a bacterium belonging to the genus Brevibacillus, for which an example of application to mass production of protein A (International Publication No. WO06 / 004067) is known, is preferred.
- Brevibacillus bacteria include, but are not limited to, Brevibacillus agri, B. borstelensis, B.M. brevis, B.M. centrosporus, B.M. choshinensis, B. et al. formusus, B.M. invocatus, B.M. laterosporus, B.I. limnophilus, B. et al. parabrevis, B.I. reuszeri, B.M. A thermorubber is exemplified.
- Brevibacillus brevis 47 strain JCM6285
- Brevibacillus brevis 47K strain (FERM BP-2308)
- Brevibacillus brevis 47-5Q strain (JCM8970)
- Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31 strain (FERM BP-1087)
- Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31-OK strain (FERM BP-4573).
- a mutant strain (or derivative strain) such as a protease-deficient strain, a high-expressing strain, or a spore-forming-deficient strain of the genus Brevibacillus may be used depending on the purpose such as improvement of the production amount. .
- Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31-derived Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31-OK JP-A-6-296485), which is a protease mutant derived from Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31, and Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31 having no spore-forming ability.
- -SP3 International Publication No. WO05 / 045005
- the protein of the present invention can be produced using a transformant or a cell-free protein synthesis system using the above DNA.
- the protein When a protein is produced using a transformant, the protein can be collected and collected in the cells of the transformant (including the periplasmic region) or in a culture solution (extracellular). Accumulation in the cell is advantageous in that it prevents oxidation of the expressed protein and there is no side reaction with the medium components, and accumulation in the periplasmic region is advantageous in that degradation by intracellular protease can be suppressed. It is. On the other hand, secreting the protein outside the transformant is advantageous in that the production cost can be reduced because the cell disruption and extraction steps are unnecessary. As a specific method, when proteins are accumulated in cultured cells (including the periplasm region), for example, the cells are collected from the culture solution by centrifugation, filtration, etc., and then the cells are collected.
- the protein accumulated and produced in the cells can be recovered by crushing the solution by ultrasonic crushing method, French press method, etc. and / or solubilizing by adding a surfactant or the like.
- the assembly produced by separating the cultured cells and the supernatant containing the secreted protein by a general separation method such as centrifugation or filtration after the completion of the culture.
- the replacement protein can be recovered.
- the cell-free protein synthesis system is not particularly limited as long as it is a system that synthesizes proteins in vitro using a cell extract, for example, derived from prokaryotic cells Alternatively, synthetic systems derived from plant cells or higher animal cells can be used.
- the protein of the present invention is obtained by culturing the above-mentioned transformant in a medium, expressing it in the form of a fusion protein with other proteins, collecting the fusion protein from the culture, and cleaving the fusion protein with an appropriate protease. And it can also manufacture by extract
- the method of culturing the transformant of the present invention in a medium is performed according to a usual method used for culturing a host.
- the medium used for culturing the obtained transformant is not particularly limited as long as the protein can be produced with high efficiency and high yield.
- carbon sources and nitrogen sources such as glucose, sucrose, glycerol, polypeptone, meat extract, yeast extract, and casamino acid can be used.
- inorganic salts such as potassium salt, sodium salt, phosphate, magnesium salt, manganese salt, zinc salt, iron salt and the like are added as necessary.
- an auxotrophic host cell a nutrient substance required for growth may be added. If necessary, antibiotics such as penicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and neomycin may be added.
- the medium for culturing the transformant obtained using E. coli as a host is not particularly limited.
- LB medium tryptone 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, NaCl 1%
- 2xYT medium trypton 1 6%, yeast extract 1.0%, NaCl 0.5%) and the like.
- the medium for culturing the transformant obtained using Brevibacillus bacteria as a host is not particularly limited.
- TM medium peptone 1%, meat extract 0.5%, yeast extract 0.2%, glucose 1 %, PH 7.0
- 2SL medium peptone 4%, yeast extract 0.5%, glucose 2%, pH 7.2
- protease inhibitors namely phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride (PMSF), benzamidine, 4- (2-aminoethyl) ) -Benzenesulfonyl fluoride (AEBSF), Antipain, Chymostatin, Leupeptin, Pepstatin A, Phosphoramidon, Aprotinin, Ethylenediamine, and ED .
- PMSF phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride
- AEBSF 4- (2-aminoethyl) ) -Benzenesulfonyl fluoride
- Antipain Chymostatin, Leupeptin, Pepstatin A, Phosphoramidon, Aprotinin, Ethylenediamine, and ED .
- molecular chaperones such as GroEL / ES, Hsp70 / DnaK, Hsp90, Hsp104 / ClpB may be used.
- the molecular chaperone can coexist with the protein of the present invention by a technique such as co-expression or fusion proteinization.
- techniques such as adding an additive that promotes correct folding to the medium and culturing at a low temperature are possible, but are not limited thereto.
- Proteins can be produced by culturing aerobically for several hours to several days under aeration and stirring conditions at a culture temperature of 15 to 42 ° C, preferably 20 to 37 ° C. In some cases, the culture may be performed anaerobically by blocking aeration.
- Protein purification can be carried out by affinity chromatography, cation or anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography or the like alone or in combination.
- Confirmation that the obtained purified substance is the target protein can be performed by usual methods such as SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis, Western blotting and the like.
- an affinity separation matrix can be obtained by immobilizing the protein of the present invention as an affinity ligand on a carrier comprising a water-insoluble substrate.
- the “affinity ligand” is a substance that selectively collects (binds) a target molecule from a set of molecules based on the affinity between specific molecules represented by the binding of an antigen and an antibody. It is a term indicating (functional group), and in the present invention, it refers to a protein that specifically binds to immunoglobulin.
- the expression “ligand” is also synonymous with “affinity ligand”.
- Examples of the carrier composed of a water-insoluble substrate used in the present invention include inorganic carriers such as glass beads and silica gel, crosslinked polymers such as crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol, crosslinked polyacrylate, crosslinked polyacrylamide, and crosslinked polystyrene, crystalline cellulose, crosslinked Examples thereof include organic carriers composed of polysaccharides such as cellulose, crosslinked agarose and crosslinked dextran, and organic-organic, organic-inorganic and other composite carriers obtained by a combination thereof.
- porous cellulose gel GCL2000 manufactured by Seikagaku Corporation
- Sephacryl S-1000 manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.
- allyl dextran and methylene bisacrylamide crosslinked by covalent bond acrylate type Toyopearl (manufactured by Tosoh Corp.), Sepharose CL4B (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Ltd.), Cellufine (manufactured by Chisso Corp.), which is a cellulosic cross-linking carrier, and the like It can be illustrated.
- the water-insoluble carrier in the present invention is not limited to these exemplified carriers.
- the water-insoluble carrier used in the present invention desirably has a large surface area in view of the purpose and method of use of the affinity separation matrix, and is preferably a porous material having a large number of pores of an appropriate size.
- the form of the carrier can be any of beads, monoliths, fibers, membranes (including hollow fibers), and any form can be selected.
- the method for immobilizing the ligand for example, it may be bound to the carrier by a conventional coupling method using an amino group, a carboxyl group, or a thiol group present in the ligand.
- the support is activated by reacting the support with cyanogen bromide, epichlorohydrin, diglycidyl ether, tosyl chloride, tresyl chloride, hydrazine, sodium periodate, or the like (or on the support surface).
- introducing a reactive functional group a method of immobilizing by coupling reaction with a compound to be immobilized as a ligand, a condensation reagent such as carbodiimide in a system in which a compound to be immobilized as a carrier and a ligand exists, or
- the immobilization method include addition of a reagent having a plurality of functional groups in the molecule such as glutaraldehyde, condensation, and crosslinking.
- a spacer molecule composed of a plurality of atoms may be introduced between the ligand and the carrier, or the ligand may be directly immobilized on the carrier. Therefore, for immobilization, the protein of the present invention may be chemically modified, or an amino acid residue useful for immobilization may be added.
- amino acids useful for immobilization include amino acids having functional groups useful for immobilization chemical reactions in the side chain, such as Lys containing an amino group in the side chain, and thiol groups in the side chain. Cys containing is mentioned.
- the essence of the present invention is that the effect imparted to the protein in the present invention is similarly imparted to the matrix in which the protein is immobilized as a ligand, and no matter how it is modified or altered for immobilization. And within the scope of the present invention.
- the affinity separation matrix preferably binds to a protein containing an immunoglobulin Fc region.
- the protein containing an immunoglobulin Fc region to which an affinity separation matrix binds include an antibody, an antibody derivative, a fragment antibody, and a fragment antibody derivative containing an immunoglobulin Fc region. These proteins can be separated and purified by affinity column chromatography purification method.
- examples of the “antibody containing an Fc region of an immunoglobulin” include IgG.
- “Antibody derivative” refers to an IgG derivative.
- Examples include humanized antibodies that are fused by replacing the CDR portions of the antibodies.
- Examples of the “fragment antibody” include a protein consisting only of the Fc region of human IgG.
- Examples of the “fragment antibody derivative” include an artificial antibody in which the Fv region and Fc region of human IgG are fused.
- the expression “antibody-like molecule” is used in the specification as a generic name for these antibodies, antibody derivatives, fragment antibodies, and fragment antibody derivatives.
- An affinity separation matrix can be used to separate proteins containing the Fc region of an immunoglobulin. Separation of the protein containing the Fc region (the above-mentioned antibody, antibody derivative, fragment antibody, and fragment antibody derivative) is achieved by a procedure according to an affinity column / chromatography purification method using a protein A column that is already available on the market. (Non-Patent Document 3). That is, an antibody, an antibody derivative, a fragment antibody, and a buffer containing the fragment antibody derivative are adjusted to be neutral, and then the solution is passed through an affinity column packed with the affinity separation matrix of the present invention. The antibody derivative, the fragment antibody, and the fragment antibody derivative are adsorbed.
- an appropriate amount of pure buffer is passed through the affinity column, and the inside of the column is washed. At this point, the desired antibody, antibody derivative, fragment antibody, and fragment antibody derivative are adsorbed to the affinity separation matrix of the present invention in the column.
- an acidic buffer adjusted to an appropriate pH (which may contain a substance that promotes dissociation from the matrix) is passed through the column, and the desired antibody, antibody derivative, fragment antibody, and fragment antibody derivative are added to the column. By elution, high purity purification is achieved.
- the affinity separation matrix of the present invention contains an appropriate strong acid or strong alkaline pure buffer (appropriate denaturing agent or organic solvent) that does not completely impair the function of the ligand compound or the carrier substrate. It may be reused by passing it through and washing it.
- affinity to immunoglobulin of the protein of the present invention is essentially an expression indicating affinity for Fc region, and even if only the binding force to Fab region is changed, the affinity for immunoglobulin is increased. The size does not change greatly.
- the protein of the present invention has a reduced secondary affinity for the Fab region of the immunoglobulin A binding domain of protein A, and can eliminate the influence of secondary binding on the interaction with immunoglobulin. There is an effect. On the other hand, since the affinity for the Fc region is maintained, the affinity for the entire immunoglobulin is maintained.
- the affinity of the protein of the present invention for the immunoglobulin preferably has an affinity constant (KA) of 10 6 (M ⁇ 1 ) or more when the affinity for the human immunoglobulin G preparation is measured by a Biacore system described later. More preferably, it is 10 7 (M ⁇ 1 ) or more.
- the affinity of the protein of the present invention for immunoglobulin can be measured by, for example, a biosensor such as a Biacore system (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.) using the surface plasmon resonance principle. It is not limited to.
- Examples of the target of the protein of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the Fab region and the immunoglobulin molecule containing the Fc region without a deficiency, and derivatives thereof.
- the protein of the present invention also has affinity for a protein containing a portion on the Fc region side, and the binding target need not be a protein that completely contains the Fc region. Since the three-dimensional structure of the antibody is already known, it is possible to make further modifications (such as fragmentation) to the Fab region or Fc region while retaining the three-dimensional structure of the region to which the protein of the present invention binds by protein engineering. And the proteins of the invention can also bind to their derivatives.
- the affinity for the Fab region of IgG belonging to the VH3 subfamily is lower than that of a protein into which a mutation that replaces Gly at position 29 of the C domain with Ala is introduced.
- the immunoglobulin molecule used as a binding partner is not particularly limited as long as the binding to the Fab region can be detected, but when an immunoglobulin molecule containing an Fc region is used, Since binding to the Fc region is also detected, it is preferable to use Fab fragments or Fv fragments obtained by fragmenting immunoglobulin molecules so as to exclude the Fc region.
- the binding of the protein of the present invention to the Fab region of an immunoglobulin can be confirmed using human IgG (monoclonal antibody) belonging to the VH3 subfamily. Furthermore, immunoglobulin Fab fragments belonging to the VH3 subfamily, in which the binding of protein A to the Fab region has already been confirmed, are more preferred. Almost half of the human VH germline gene belongs to the VH3 subfamily, and a pharmaceutical comprising an IgG antibody that actually belongs to the VH3 subfamily is on the market or under development.
- the difference in affinity is that mutations that replace Gly corresponding to position 29 of the C domain with Ala in the binding parameters obtained when the binding reaction curves for the same immunoglobulin molecules are obtained under the same measurement conditions and analyzed.
- Those skilled in the art can easily verify by comparing with the introduced protein.
- a B domain mutation in which Gly at position 29 is replaced with Ala is suitable.
- a C domain mutant in which Gly at position 29 is substituted with an amino acid other than Ala Comparison with is inappropriate.
- an affinity constant (KA) or a dissociation constant (KD) can be used as the binding parameter (Nagata et al., “Real-time analysis experiment method of biological substance interaction”, Springer Fairlark Tokyo, 1998, 41. page).
- the affinity constant between the variant of each domain of the present invention and Fab is determined by, for example, immobilizing an immunoglobulin Fab fragment belonging to the VH3 subfamily on a sensor chip using a Biacore system, Under the conditions, it can be determined in an experimental system in which each domain mutant is added to the flow path.
- the affinity constant (KA) of the mutant in which Gly at position 29 is substituted with other than Ala is preferably a mutant whose Gly at position 29 is reduced to 1 ⁇ 2 or less compared to the mutant in which Gly at position 29 is substituted with Ala. It is possible to use a mutant that is preferably reduced to 1/5 or less, and more preferably 1/10 or less.
- the KA for Fab of the C domain mutant in which Gly at position 29 was substituted with Ala was usually 1 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 (M ⁇ 1 ), but Gly at position 29 was substituted with other than Ala.
- a C domain mutant that has a KA of less than 1 ⁇ 10 4 (M ⁇ 1 ) can be preferably used in the present invention, and has a KA of 0.5 ⁇ 10 4 (M ⁇ 1 ) or less.
- the body can be used more suitably.
- KA measurement only Fab regions obtained by fragmenting immunoglobulin G into Fab fragments and Fc fragments with papain, or only the Fab region of immunoglobulin G obtained by genetic engineering techniques are expressed. Fabs prepared using a production system can be used.
- the binding activity to immunoglobulin after chemical treatment can be tested by a biosensor such as Biacore system (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.) using the surface plasmon resonance principle as described above. It is not limited to this. However, in the binding activity after chemical treatment (comparison with before chemical treatment), the affinity constant (KA) and dissociation constant (KD) are inappropriate as binding parameters (by chemical treatment, The ability of one protein molecule to bind to immunoglobulin does not change).
- KA affinity constant
- KD dissociation constant
- a binding parameter such as a signal magnitude or a theoretical maximum binding capacity (Rmax), but is not limited thereto.
- Rmax theoretical maximum binding capacity
- the affinity separation matrix has the property that the binding ability to the Fab region of the aforementioned immunoglobulin is reduced, it has excellent properties for dissociating the antibody in the step of eluting the antibody with an acidic solution.
- an effect of suppressing damage to the antibody under acidic conditions can be obtained by enabling elution under more acidic side acidic elution conditions. More specifically, the acidic elution conditions on the neutral side are more acidic elution conditions on the more neutral side of pH 3.0 to 5.0 than the normal acidic elution conditions of pH 2.0 to 3.5. It is a condition, and when eluted under this condition, the damage to the antibody is small (Gose S.
- the superior antibody acid dissociation characteristics refer to characteristics such that the antibody is dissociated under a more neutral acidic elution condition, and the elution peak profile when the antibody is eluted under an acidic condition is sharper. By making the elution peak profile of chromatography sharper, it is possible to recover a higher concentration of antibody-containing eluate with a smaller volume of eluate.
- the matrix can be provided that has excellent characteristics for dissociating antibodies by an acidic solution and has high chemical stability under alkaline conditions. Specifically, in the washing with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (about 0.05M to 1M) for removing contaminants (host-derived proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, bacteria, viruses, etc.) from the matrix and reusing them, the ligand molecules It is possible to provide a matrix with less damage.
- the cleaning method for reuse is not limited to cleaning with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, but the present technique that has a high cleaning and sterilizing effect and can be implemented at a lower cost can be applied.
- Example 1 Preparation of DNA encoding wild-type C domain (C-wild) PCR was performed using the expression vector pNK3262NX encoding wild-type protein A as a template and using the oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 20, A DNA fragment (177 bp) encoding C-wild (SEQ ID NO: 5) was amplified.
- PNK3262NX used as a template is a protein A expression vector obtained by modifying a part of the already known pNK3260, and encodes wild type protein A excluding a part of the cell wall binding domain X and the like (International Publication No. WO06). / 004067 publication).
- the base sequence encoding C-wild obtained in this example is shown in SEQ ID NO: 21. It should be noted that the oligonucleotide primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 19 to 20 are such that the DNA amplified using them has BamHI and EcoRI restriction enzyme recognition sites outside the gene encoding C-wild. , Designed to have a Cys residue on the C-terminal side of C-wild (after Lys-58).
- the obtained DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI (both manufactured by Takara), and then purified and recovered.
- PGEX-6P-1 (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.), a GST fusion protein expression vector, is digested with BamHI and EcoRI, purified and recovered, and further subjected to dephosphorylation treatment with alkaline forphotase treatment went.
- the DNA fragment encoding C-wild and the expression vector pGEX-6P-1 were ligated using Ligation High (manufactured by TOYOBO), which is a DNA ligase, to construct a GST-fused C-wild expression plasmid.
- Escherichia coli HB101 (manufactured by Takara) was transformed with the expression plasmid containing the gene encoding C-wild obtained by the above operation, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- Example 2 Preparation of DNA encoding wild-type B domain (B-wild) As shown in FIG. 1, the amino acid sequence of B-wild (SEQ ID NO: 4) includes T23N, V40Q, K42A, This is a sequence obtained by introducing a mutation of E43N or I44L. Therefore, DNA encoding B-wild was prepared by introducing mutations of T23N, V40Q, K42A, E43N, and I44L into DNA encoding C-wild (SEQ ID NO: 21).
- Example 1 Using the C-wild expression plasmid obtained in Example 1 as a template and the oligonucleotide primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 22 to 23, the amino acid sequence in which the T23N mutation was introduced into C-wild by the quick change method is encoded. A plasmid containing the gene to be obtained was obtained. Further, using the resulting plasmid as a template, mutations of V40Q, K42A, E43N, and I44L are similarly introduced by the quick change method using the oligonucleotide primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 24 to 25, and B-wild is encoded. A GST-fused B-wild expression plasmid containing the gene was obtained.
- Escherichia coli HB101 (manufactured by Takara) was transformed with the expression plasmid, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- the DNA sequence obtained by this example and encoding B-wild is shown in SEQ ID NO: 26.
- the quick change method was carried out according to the Stratagene protocol using DNA polymerase Pfu Turbo and methylated DNA (template DNA) cleaving enzyme DpnI (both from Stratagene).
- Example 3 Introduction of mutation into Gly-29 Using the C-wild expression plasmid obtained in Example 1 and the B-wild expression plasmid obtained in Example 2 as templates, SEQ ID NOs: 27 to 27 shown in Table 1 Using 52 primers, various genes encoding mutants were obtained by the quick change method.
- Gly-29 in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 is replaced with Val, Leu, Ile, Tyr, Phe, Thr, Trp, Ser, Asp, Glu, Arg, His, or Met using a C-wild expression plasmid as a template
- C-G29X C domain mutant
- Escherichia coli HB101 cells were transformed with each expression plasmid containing the gene encoding any one of SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 18 and SEQ ID NOs: 53 to 56, obtained by the above operation, and plasmids were obtained by a conventional method. DNA was amplified and extracted.
- Table 1 shows which mutation each primer was used to introduce.
- Example 4 Confirmation of DNA sequence Confirmation of the expression plasmid DNA base sequences of C-wild, various C-G29X, B-wild, and various B-G29X obtained in Examples 1 to 3, This was performed using a DNA sequencer 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). BigDye Terminator v. 1.1 Cycle sequencing of each plasmid DNA was performed using Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems) according to the attached protocol, and the sequencing products were purified and used for sequence analysis.
- Example 5 Expression of target protein
- Each transformant expressing various C-G29X / B-G29X obtained in Example 3 as a GST fusion protein was cultured at 37 ° C in an LB medium containing ampicillin. Incubated overnight.
- the culture solution (5 mL) was inoculated into 2 ⁇ YT medium (200 mL, containing ampicillin) and cultured at 37 ° C. for about 1 hour.
- IPTG isopropyl 1-thio- ⁇ -D-galacside
- the cells were collected by centrifugation and resuspended in 5 mL of PBS buffer containing EDTA (0.5 mM). The cells were disrupted by ultrasonic disruption, centrifuged, and fractionated into a supernatant fraction (cell-free extract) and an insoluble fraction.
- Example 6 Purification of target protein From each cell-free extract containing a GST fusion protein obtained in Example 5, a GSTrap FF column having affinity for GST (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, Inc.) The GST fusion protein was purified (crudely purified) using affinity chromatography. Each cell-free extract is added to the GSTrap FF column, the column is washed with standard buffer (20 mM NaH 2 PO 4 -Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4), followed by elution buffer (50 mM). The target GST fusion protein was eluted with Tris-HCl, 20 mM Glutathione, pH 8.0).
- the target protein was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 75 10/300 GL column (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, Inc.). Each reaction solution was added to a Superdex 75 10/300 GL column equilibrated with a standard buffer, and the target protein was separated and purified from the cleaved GST or PreScission Protease.
- Example 7 Analysis of affinity of various C-G29X / B-G29X obtained with immunoglobulin Using biosensor Biacore 3000 (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Co., Ltd.) using surface plasmon resonance. The affinity of various C-G29X / B-G29X with immunoglobulins was analyzed.
- a human immunoglobulin G preparation hereinafter referred to as human IgG
- Human IgG Human immunoglobulin G preparation
- Human IgG was immobilized on a sensor chip, and various C-G29X / B-G29X were allowed to flow on the chip to detect the interaction between them.
- Immobilization of human IgG on the sensor chip CM5 is carried out by an amine coupling method using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-ethyl-N ′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbohydrate hydride (EDC). Ethanolamine was used (sensor chips and immobilization reagents were all manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan Ltd.).
- the human IgG solution was prepared by dissolving Gamma Guard (manufactured by Baxter) in a standard buffer (20 mM NaH 2 PO 4 -Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4) at 1.0 mg / mL.
- the human IgG solution was diluted 100 times with an immobilization buffer (10 mM CH 3 COOH—CH 3 COONa, pH 4.5), and human IgG was immobilized on the sensor chip according to the protocol attached to Biacore 3000.
- a reference cell serving as a negative control was prepared by performing a process of fixing ethanolamine after activation by EDC / NHS for another flow cell on the chip.
- Various C-G29X / B-G29X are used in a range of 10 to 1000 nM using a running buffer (20 mM NaH 2 PO 4 -Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, 0.005% P-20, pH 7.4).
- the obtained binding reaction curve (binding reaction curve obtained by subtracting the binding reaction curve of the reference cell) is subjected to a fitting analysis with a 1: 1 binding model using the system-attached software BIA evaluation, and the binding rate constant (kon)
- Table 2 the binding parameters of various C-G29X to human IgG were comparable to those of C-wild (Comparative Example 1). Specifically, the dissociation constant for human IgG was on the order of 10 ⁇ 8 M for any C-G29X. Similar results were obtained for various B-G29X.
- Example 8 Preparation of Fab Fragment Derived from Humanized Monoclonal Antibody “Affinity to Fab region” in the present invention was examined using a Fab fragment not containing an Fc region of an immunoglobulin.
- a humanized monoclonal IgG preparation as a raw material, it was prepared by fragmenting it into a Fab fragment and an Fc fragment with papain, and separating and purifying only the Fab fragment.
- Herceptin (manufactured by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), a humanized monoclonal IgG preparation, is dissolved in papain digestion buffer (0.1 M AcOH-AcONa, 2 mM EDTA, 1 mM cysteine, pH 5.5) and immobilized on Papain Agarose from papalatex papain. Agarose (manufactured by SIGMA) was added, and the mixture was incubated at 37 ° C. for about 8 hours while mixing with a rotator. From a reaction solution separated from papain-immobilized agarose (a mixture of Fab fragment and Fc fragment), Fab fragment (hereinafter, monoclonal IgG-) (Designated as Fab) was separated and purified.
- papain digestion buffer 0.1 M AcOH-AcONa, 2 mM EDTA, 1 mM cysteine, pH 5.5
- the reaction solution diluted to pH 4.5 with ion exchange buffer A (50 mM CH 3 COOH—CH 3 COONa, pH 4.5) was equilibrated with ion exchange buffer A.
- the salt concentration using ion exchange buffer A and ion exchange buffer B (50 mM CH 3 COOH-CH 3 COONa, 1M NaCl, pH 4.5) Monoclonal IgG-Fab eluted in the middle of the gradient (in the case of passing 10 column volumes of buffer through the column, the concentration of buffer B increases linearly from 0% to 50%) Sorted.
- the collected monoclonal IgG-Fab solution was purified by gel filtration chromatography using a Superdex 75 10/300 GL column (standard buffer was used for equilibration and separation) to obtain a monoclonal IgG-Fab solution. .
- Example 9 Analysis of Affinity of Various C-G29X Acquired with Monoclonal IgG-Fab Regarding the analysis of the affinity of various C domain mutants obtained with IgG-Fab, as in Example 7, Biacore This was carried out using 3000.
- Example 8 The monoclonal IgG-Fab obtained in Example 8 was immobilized on the sensor chip CM5, and various C-G29X were flowed on the chip to detect the interaction. Human serum albumin (Sigma Aldrich) was immobilized on the reference cell. The method for immobilizing monoclonal IgG-Fab and human serum albumin is the same as in Example 6.
- Various C-G29X to be measured are 4 ⁇ M, 8 ⁇ M, and 16 ⁇ M for each using a running buffer (20 mM NaH 2 PO 4 -Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, 0.005% P-20, pH 7.4).
- 32 ⁇ M (32 ⁇ M not prepared in some cases) of different protein concentrations were prepared, and each protein solution was added to the sensor chip for 30 seconds at a flow rate of 20 ⁇ L / min.
- a binding reaction curve at the time of addition (binding phase, 30 seconds) and after completion of the addition (dissociation phase, 60 seconds) was observed in order.
- FIG. 2 illustrates binding reaction curves of C-G29V and C-G29W to monoclonal IgG-Fab.
- C-G29A still has monoclonal IgG-Fab
- the binding signal with monoclonal IgG-Fab almost completely disappeared.
- the illustrated binding reaction curve is a binding reaction curve obtained by subtracting the binding reaction curve of the reference cell from the obtained binding reaction curve.
- the three reaction curves are, in order from the bottom, the reaction curves when the concentration of the added protein is 4 ⁇ M, 8 ⁇ M, and 16 ⁇ M, and these are superimposed and displayed.
- the vertical axis represents the combined response difference (RU), and the horizontal axis represents time (seconds).
- Table 3 shows the affinity constants of various C domain mutants for monoclonal IgG-Fab. Note that N. D. Indicates that no binding signal could be detected.
- C-G29V, C-G29L, C-G29Y, C-G29F, C-G29T, C-G29W, C-G29D, C-G29E, C-G29R, C-G29H, and C-G29M are C-G29A Showed significantly lower affinity constants.
- C-G29I could not detect a binding signal. This was data indicating that the binding to monoclonal IgG-Fab was significantly weaker than that of C-G29A.
- the amount of binding to human IgG before and after alkali treatment was measured using a Biacore 3000.
- alkali treatment a fixed amount of 0.625 M NaOH was added to 26.2 ⁇ M of various B domain mutants (10 ⁇ L) to a final concentration of 0.5 M, and the mixture was incubated at 30 ° C. for 20 hours.
- HCl a fixed volume whose pH was confirmed to return to neutral in advance
- running buffer (20 mM NaH 2 PO 4 -Na 2 HPO 4 , 150 mM NaCl, 0.005% P-20, pH 7.4) was diluted 2-fold to prepare various B-G29X solutions after alkali treatment.
- Various B-G29X solutions before the alkali treatment were prepared by mixing a solution in which an NaOH solution added at the time of the alkali treatment and an HCl solution added at the time of the neutralization treatment were mixed in advance so that the protein concentration and the composition of the solution would be the same Prepared by adding to 2 ⁇ M of various B-G29X (10 ⁇ L).
- the preparation of the sensor chip (immobilization of human IgG, etc.), the running buffer during measurement, the measurement temperature, and the chip regeneration process are the same as in Example 7.
- Various BG29X solutions before and after the alkali treatment were added to the sensor chip at a flow rate of 20 ⁇ L / min for 150 seconds.
- the binding reaction curves at the time of addition (binding phase, 150 seconds) and after the end of addition (dissociation phase, 210 seconds) were observed in order.
- the analysis method is the same as that in Example 7, but the interpretation of the obtained binding parameters will be supplemented.
- the protein concentration is the same before and after the alkali treatment, but the protein concentration that has binding activity to human IgG changes.
- B-G29A (Comparative Example 1) had a residual IgG binding activity after alkali treatment of 41.2%, whereas B-G29W was significantly high at 55.7%. B-G29W showed higher alkali resistance than B-G29A.
- Example 11 Evaluation of alkali resistance of various C-G29X The alkali resistance of various C-G29X was also evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10. However, unlike the example 10, the incubation time during the alkali treatment was incubated at 30 ° C. for 25 hours.
- C-G29R, C-G29M, C-G29L, C-G29I, C-G29F, C-- than C-G29A (Comparative Example 1).
- G29E, C-G29Y, and C-G29W were higher.
- C-G29M, C-G29F, C-G29Y, and C-G29W showed high residual IgG binding activity and higher alkali resistance than C-G29A.
- Example 12 Preparation of DNA Encoding Five-Linked C-G29V Back translation was performed from the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 57) of a protein in which five C-G29V were linked, and the base sequence encoding the protein was designed.
- HWP Bisu S., “J. Bacteriol.”, 1990, No. 172, 1312-1320
- the codons were distributed in consideration of the frequency of codon usage on page 5 and the sequence identity of the base sequences between the five domains.
- a restriction enzyme recognition site for PstI on the 5 ′ side and XbaI on the 3 ′ side of the sequence encoding the 5-linked domain was prepared.
- the production of DNA fragments was requested from Takara Bio Inc.
- the sequence of the prepared DNA fragment is shown in SEQ ID NO: 58.
- FIG. 5 shows a comparison of base sequences between each of the five domains
- Table 4 shows the sequence identity of the base sequences between the respective domains as a percentage (for each domain, 1 in order from the N-terminal side). Numbers of ⁇ 5 were given).
- the number of matched bases is expressed as a percentage with respect to a length of 174 bp encoding a single domain unit.
- codon allocation even in the highest combination (domain 2 and domain 5), the sequence identity of the base sequence was reduced to 85% or less.
- the prepared DNA fragment encoding 5-linked C-G29V was digested with PstI and XbaI (both manufactured by Takara), and fractionated and purified by agarose gel electrophoresis.
- pNK3262 which is a plasmid vector for Brevibacillus bacteria, was digested with PstI and XbaI, purified and recovered, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase (manufactured by Takara). Both were mixed and then ligated using Ligation High (manufactured by TOYOBO) to construct a 5-linked C-G29V expression plasmid vector pNK3262-C-G29V.
- Brevibacillus choshinensis strain FY-1 was transformed using the plasmid vector obtained by the above-described operation. Transformation was carried out by an electrophoretic method according to a known method (“Biosci. Biotech. Biochem.”, 1997, 61, 202-203).
- the Brevibacillus choshinensis FY-1 strain is a Phe ⁇ Tyr auxotrophic strain obtained by mutating the Brevibacillus choshinensis HPD31-OK strain (JP-A-6-296485).
- Example 13 Expression of target protein of 5-linked C-G29V-expressing recombinant bacterium and analysis of plasmid vector retained
- the Brevibacillus choshinensis FY-1 recombinant bacterium obtained in Example 12 was obtained at 60 ⁇ g / 5 mL of 3YC medium containing 3 mL of neomycin (polypeptone 3%, yeast extract 0.2%, glucose 3%, magnesium sulfate 0.01%, iron sulfate 0.001%, manganese chloride 0.001%, zinc chloride 0. (0001%) at 30 ° C. for 3 days.
- a plasmid was prepared from cells obtained by shaking culture by a conventional method, digested with PstI and XbaI, and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. As shown in FIG. 7A, 5-linked C-G29V was encoded. There was an approximately 890 bp fragment corresponding to the DNA fragment. The size that the number of encoded domains is thought to have decreased, as seen when a plasmid vector (Comparative Example 2) held by a 5-linked C-wild-expressing recombinant bacterium was similarly analyzed (FIG. 7B). The DNA fragment was not present.
- Example 2 the sequences of the DNA fragments encoding the five linked domains were 100% identical, but in this example, as a result of changing the codon, the sequence identity of the base sequences between the domains was It decreased to 85% or less. For this reason, homologous recombination in the molecule was greatly suppressed, partial deletion of the DNA fragment did not occur, and the plasmid was stabilized.
- DNA encoding 5-linked C-wild is used as a comparison target (Comparative Example 2), but it is not a comparison between the case where the amino acid sequence is C-wild and C-G29V. This is a comparison between the case where the sequence identity of the coding base sequences is 100% consistent with the case where the sequence identity is reduced to 85% or less.
- Example 14 Preparation of 5-linked C-G29W and 5-linked C-G29Y
- the gene encoding 5-linked C-G29V was divided into 5 from the plasmid pNK3262-C-G29V prepared in Example 13.
- DNA fragments were prepared to contain Val-29 of each domain. Domain 1 digested with PstI and NarI, Domain 2 with NarI and HindIII, Domain 3 with HindIII and MluI, Domain 4 with MluI and BglII, Domain 5 with BglII and XbaI (NarI only from TOYOBO, others from Takara) Then, the DNA fragments were obtained by fractionation and purification on an agarose gel (SEQ ID NOs: 59 to 63).
- the cloning vector pSL301 (manufactured by Invitrogen) is digested with the same two types of restriction enzymes used for the DNA fragments encoding each domain, mixed with the above DNA fragments, and then ligated with Ligation High to divide into five. A plasmid having the obtained DNA fragment was constructed. Each plasmid is represented by pSL301-V29-d1, pSL301-V29-d2, pSL301-V29-d3, pSL301-V29-d4, pSL301-V29-d5 corresponding to the number assigned to the domain.
- plasmids pSL301-Y29-d1, pSL301- containing DNA fragments (SEQ ID NOs: 90 to 94) in which Val-29 is substituted with Tyr using oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NOs: 80 to 89 are used.
- Y29-d2, pSL301-Y29-d3, pSL301-Y29-d4, and pSL301-Y29-d5 were prepared, and after confirming the mutation, the 5 fragments were sequentially ligated with Ligation High to form a 5-linked C- A DNA fragment (SEQ ID NO: 95) encoding G29Y was prepared.
- the DNA fragments encoding the 5-linked C-G29W (SEQ ID NO: 79) and 5-linked C-G29Y (SEQ ID NO: 95) prepared by the above operation were digested with PstI and XbaI, and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Fractionation and purification.
- pNK3262 which is a plasmid vector for Brevibacillus bacteria, was digested with PstI and XbaI, purified and recovered, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase treatment.
- the Brevibacillus choshinensis FY-1 recombinant bacterium obtained by the above operation was subjected to shaking culture at 30 ° C. for 3 days in 5 mL of 3YC medium containing 60 ⁇ g / mL neomycin. After completion of the culture, the cells were separated by centrifugation, and 5 ⁇ L of the supernatant was analyzed by SDS-PAGE by a conventional method. As a result, the molecular weight of each of the 5-linked C-G29W and 5-linked C-G29Y is approximately 33,000 bands were identified.
- Example 1 Experiments on wild type and G29A mutant C-Wild obtained in Example 1 and B-wild expression plasmid obtained in Example 2 were also used for each transformant. In the same manner as in Examples 5 to 6, purified protein solutions of C-Wild and B-wild were obtained. Further, using the primers of SEQ ID NOs: 96 to 97, transformants having C-G29A and B-G29A expression plasmids were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3. The protein sequence of C-G29A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 98, and the protein sequence of B-G29A is shown in SEQ ID NO: 99.
- the base sequence of the coding DNA was confirmed by the same method as in Example 3, and purified protein solutions of C-G29A and B-G29A were obtained by the same method as in Examples 5-6.
- C-wild and C-G29A as in the case of various C-G29X, experiments of the same steps as in Examples 7, 9, and 11 were performed as control experiments.
- B-wild and B-G29A as in the case of various B-G29X, experiments of the same steps as in Examples 7 and 10 were performed as control experiments.
- the oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NOS: 101 and 102 were used.
- a second PCR was performed.
- a DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO: 104 was prepared in which the first half and the second half of C-wild were interchanged and HindIII recognition sites were present at both ends.
- the obtained DNA fragment was digested with HindIII (manufactured by Takara) and purified and recovered.
- PBluescriptII KS (-) (Stratagene), a cloning vector of E. coli, was digested with HindIII, purified and recovered, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase (Takara).
- the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO: 104 digested with Hind III was ligated using Ligation High (manufactured by TOYOBO), which is a DNA ligase, to construct a plasmid.
- Escherichia coli HB101 (manufactured by Takara) was transformed with the obtained plasmid, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- the DNA fragment cleaved at only one site was fractionated and purified with an agarose gel, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase treatment.
- the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO: 104 digested with HindIII was ligated to the plasmid using Ligation High, E. coli HB101 was transformed in the same manner to prepare plasmid DNA, and the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO: 104 was converted into a HindIII site.
- the plasmid DNA in which two tandem-linked DNA fragments were incorporated was obtained.
- PCR was carried out using the plasmid DNA obtained by the above operation as a template and the oligonucleotide primers of SEQ ID NOS: 105 and 106.
- Met-Ala-Phe-Ala is added to the N-terminal side (before Ala-1) of the C-wild domain, and that there is a stop codon on the C-terminal side (after Lys-58).
- the oligonucleotide primers shown in SEQ ID NOs: 105 and 106 were designed so as to have a restriction enzyme recognition site of XhoI and NcoI on the 5 ′ side of the DNA sequence encoding the domain and BamHI on the 3 ′ side.
- PBluescriptII KS ( ⁇ ), which is an E. coli cloning vector, was digested with XhoI and BamHI, purified and recovered, and further subjected to dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase treatment.
- the DNA fragment of SEQ ID NO: 107 and pBluescript II KS (-) were ligated using Ligation High, Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- the plasmid containing the DNA fragment encoding C-wild produced by the above method was digested with HindIII, purified and recovered, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase treatment.
- This and the DNA fragment represented by SEQ ID NO: 104 were ligated using Ligation High to construct a plasmid having a DNA fragment encoding C-wild linked in two tandems.
- Escherichia coli HB101 was transformed with the obtained plasmid, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- the extracted plasmid was partially digested with HindIII, and the DNA fragment cleaved at only one site was fractionated and purified by agarose gel, and further dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase treatment.
- This and the DNA fragment represented by SEQ ID NO: 104 were ligated using Ligation High to construct a plasmid having a DNA fragment encoding C-wild linked in three tandems.
- a plasmid having a DNA fragment encoding C-wild linked in 5 tandems was constructed, E. coli HB101 was transformed, and plasmid DNA was amplified and extracted by a conventional method.
- the plasmid was digested with NcoI and BamHI (both manufactured by Takara), fractionated on an agarose gel, purified and recovered to prepare a DNA fragment encoding 5-linked C-wild.
- PNK3262 which is a plasmid vector for Brevibacillus bacteria, was digested with NcoI and BamHI, purified and recovered, and further subjected to dephosphorylation by alkaline phosphatase treatment. The previously prepared DNA fragment encoding 5-linked C-wild was ligated using Ligation High to construct 5-linked C-wild expression plasmid vector pNK3262-C-wild. Brevibacillus choshinensis strain FY-1 was transformed using the plasmid vector obtained by the above-described operation.
- the Brevibacillus choshinensis FY-1 recombinant bacterium obtained by the above operation was subjected to shaking culture at 30 ° C. for 3 days in 5 mL of 3YC medium containing 60 ⁇ g / mL neomycin. After completion of the culture, the cells were separated by centrifugation, and 5 ⁇ L of the supernatant was analyzed by SDS-PAGE by a conventional method. As shown in FIG. 6B, in addition to the band of molecular weight of about 33,000, which is considered to be a pentamer of 5-linked C-wild, the number of domains connected is considered to have decreased to 4, 3, and 2. A band suggesting the presence of the protein was also confirmed.
- a plasmid was prepared from cells obtained by shaking culture by a conventional method, digested with NcoI and BamHI, and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. As shown in FIG. 7B, in addition to the band indicating the presence of a fragment of about 890 bp corresponding to a DNA fragment encoding 5-linked C-wild, the number of linked domains is 4, 3, 2 A band suggesting the presence of a DNA fragment of a size corresponding to was confirmed. The electrophoresis pattern was in good agreement with the protein band pattern by SDS-PAGE. As a result of analyzing the sequences of these DNA fragments, it was found that partial deletion of the gene in domain units occurred.
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Abstract
Description
具体的方法として、タンパク質が培養細胞内(ぺリプラズム領域内を含む)に蓄積される場合には、例えば、培養液から遠心分離、ろ過などの方法により菌体を採取し、次いで、この菌体を超音波破砕法、フレンチプレス法などにより破砕し、および/または、界面活性剤等を添加して可溶化することにより、細胞内に蓄積生産されたタンパク質を回収することができる。組換えタンパク質が分泌生産される場合には、培養終了後に、遠心分離、ろ過などの一般的な分離方法で、培養細胞と分泌生産されたタンパク質を含む上清を分離することにより生産された組換えタンパク質を回収することができる。
野生型プロテインAをコードする発現ベクターpNK3262NXを鋳型とし、配列番号19~20のオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いてPCRを行い、C-wild(配列番号5)をコードするDNA断片(177bp)を増幅した。鋳型に用いたpNK3262NXは、すでに公知であるpNK3260の一部を改変したプロテインA発現ベクターであり、細胞壁結合ドメインXの一部などを除いた野生型プロテインAをコードしている(国際公開第WO06/004067号公報)。本実施例によって得られた、C-wildをコードする塩基配列を配列番号21に示した。なお、配列番号19~20に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーは、これを用いて増幅したDNAが、C-wildをコードする遺伝子の外側に、BamHI、および、EcoRIの制限酵素認識部位を有するように、また、C-wildのC末端側(Lys-58の後ろ)にCys残基を有するように設計した。
図1に示すように、B-wildのアミノ酸配列(配列番号4)は、C-wildにT23N、V40Q、K42A、E43N、I44Lの変異が導入されることで得られる配列である。よって、B-wildをコードするDNAは、C-wildをコードするDNA(配列番号21)にT23N、V40Q、K42A、E43N、I44Lの変異を導入することで調製した。実施例1で得られたC-wild発現プラスミドを鋳型として、配列番号22~23に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いて、クイックチェンジ法にてC-wildにT23Nの変異が導入されたアミノ酸配列をコードする遺伝子を含むプラスミドを得た。さらに、得られたプラスミドを鋳型として、配列番号24~25に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いて、同様にクイックチェンジ法にてV40Q、K42A、E43N、I44Lの変異を導入し、B-wildをコードする遺伝子を含む、GST融合型B-wild発現プラスミドを得た。
実施例1で得たC-wild発現プラスミド、および、実施例2で得たB-wild発現プラスミドを鋳型として、表1に示す配列番号27~52のプライマーを用い、クイックチェンジ法にて変異体をコードする各種遺伝子を得た。
実施例1~3で得られた、C-wild、各種C-G29X、B-wild、および、各種B-G29Xの各々の発現プラスミドDNA塩基配列の確認は、DNAシークエンサー3130xl Genetic Analyzer(Applied Biosystems社製)を用いて行った。BigDye Terminator v.1.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit(Applied Biosystems社製)を用いて、付属のプロトコルに従い、各々のプラスミドDNAのシークエンシングPCR反応を行い、そのシークエンシング産物を精製し、配列解析に用いた。
実施例3で得られた、各種C-G29X/B-G29XをGST融合タンパク質として発現する、各々の形質転換体を、アンピシリンを含むLB培地にて、37℃で終夜培養した。該培養液(5mL)を、2×YT培地(200mL、アンピシリン含有)に接種し、37℃で約1時間培養した。終濃度0.1mMになるようIPTG(イソプロピル1-チオ-β-D-ガラクシド)を添加し、さらに、37℃にて18時間培養した。
実施例5で得られた、GST融合タンパク質を含む各々の無細胞抽出液から、GSTに対して親和性のあるGSTrap FFカラム(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製)を用いたアフィニティークロマトグラフィーにて、GST融合タンパク質を精製(粗精製)した。各々の無細胞抽出液をGSTrap FFカラムに添加し、標準緩衝液(20mM NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4、150mM NaCl,pH7.4)にてカラムを洗浄、続いて溶出用緩衝液(50mM Tris-HCl、20mM Glutathione、pH8.0)にて目的のGST融合タンパク質を溶出した。
表面プラズモン共鳴を利用したバイオセンサーBiacore 3000(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製)を用いて、取得した各種C-G29X/B-G29Xの免疫グロブリンとの親和性を解析した。本実施例では、ヒト血漿から分画したヒト免疫グロブリンG製剤(以後は、ヒトIgGと記する)を利用した。ヒトIgGをセンサーチップに固定化し、各種C-G29X/B-G29Xをチップ上に流して、両者の相互作用を検出した。ヒトIgGのセンサーチップCM5への固定化は、N-hydroxysuccinimide(NHS)、および、N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochroride(EDC)を用いたアミンカップリング法にて行い、ブロッキングにはEthanolamineを用いた(センサーチップや固定化用試薬は、全てGEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製)。ヒトIgG溶液は、ガンマガード(バクスター社製)を標準緩衝液(20mM NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4、150mM NaCl、pH7.4)に1.0mg/mLになるよう溶解して調製した。ヒトIgG溶液を、固定化用緩衝液(10mM CH3COOH-CH3COONa、pH4.5)で100倍に希釈し、Biacore 3000付属のプロトコルに従い、ヒトIgGをセンサーチップへ固定した。また、チップ上の別のフローセルに対して、EDC/NHSにより活性化した後にEthanolamineを固定化する処理を行うことで、ネガティブ・コントロールとなるリファレンスセルも用意した。各種C-G29X/B-G29Xは、ランニング緩衝液(20mM NaH2PO4-Na2HPO4、150mM NaCl、0.005% P-20、pH7.4)を用いて、10~1000nMの範囲で適宜調製し(各々について、異なるタンパク質濃度の溶液を3種類調製)、各々のタンパク質溶液を、流速20μL/minで30秒間センサーチップに添加した。測定温度25℃にて、添加時(結合相、30秒間)、および、添加終了後(解離相、60秒間)の結合反応曲線を順次観測した。各々の観測終了後に、50mM NaOH(15秒間)を添加してセンサーチップを再生した(センサーチップ上に残った添加タンパク質の除去が目的であり、固定化したヒトIgGの結合活性がほぼ完全に戻ることを確認した)。得られた結合反応曲線(リファレンスセルの結合反応曲線を差し引いた結合反応曲線)に対して、システム付属ソフトBIA evaluationを用いた1:1の結合モデルによるフィッティング解析を行い、結合速度定数(kon)、解離速度定数(koff)、親和定数(KA =kon/koff)、および、解離定数(KD=koff/kon)を算出した。表2に示したように、各種C-G29XのヒトIgGに対する結合パラメータは、C-wild(比較例1)と同程度であった。具体的には、ヒトIgGに対する解離定数は、いずれのC-G29Xに関しても、10-8Mオーダーであった。各種B-G29Xに関しても、同様の結果が得られた。
本発明における「Fab領域への親和性」については、免疫グロブリンのFc領域を含まないFabフラグメントを用いて調べた。
取得した各種Cドメイン変異体のIgG-Fabとの親和性の解析に関しても、実施例7と同様に、Biacore 3000を用いて実施した。
各種B-G29Xのアルカリ耐性については、アルカリ性条件下で一定時間インキュベートする処理を行った後の、ヒトIgGに対する結合量の低下度合い(ヒトIgGに対する残存結合活性)を比較することで評価した。
各種C-G29Xのアルカリ耐性に関しても、実施例10と同様の手法にて評価を行った。ただし、アルカリ処理時のインキュベートの時間が実施例10とは異なり、30℃にて25時間のインキュベートを行った。
C-G29Vを5連結したタンパク質のアミノ酸配列(配列番号57)から逆翻訳を行い、該タンパク質をコードする塩基配列を設計した。該タンパク質のコドン使用頻度が、ブレビバチルス・チョウシネンシスHPD31株で大量に発現している細胞表層タンパク質であるHWP(Ebisu S.著、「J.Bacteriol.」、1990年、172号、1312-1320頁)のコドン使用頻度に近くなるように、かつ、5個の各ドメイン間での塩基配列の配列同一性が低くなるように考慮して、コドンを分配した。また、5連結ドメインをコードする配列の5’側にPstI、および、3’側にXbaIの制限酵素認識部位を作製した。DNA断片の作製はタカラバイオ社に依頼した。作製したDNA断片の配列を配列番号58に記した。
実施例12により得られたブレビバチルス・チョウシネンシスFY-1組換え菌を、60μg/mLのネオマイシンを含む5mLの3YC培地(ポリペプトン 3%、酵母エキス 0.2%、グルコース 3%、硫酸マグネシウム 0.01%、硫酸鉄 0.001%、塩化マンガン 0.001%、塩化亜鉛 0.0001%)にて、30℃で3日間の振盪培養を行った。
実施例13にて作製したプラスミドpNK3262-C-G29Vから、5連結したC-G29Vをコードする遺伝子を5分割し、各ドメインのVal-29を含むようにDNA断片を調製した。ドメイン1はPstIとNarI、ドメイン2はNarIとHindIII、ドメイン3はHindIIIとMluI、ドメイン4はMluIとBglII、ドメイン5はBglIIとXbaI(NarIのみTOYOBO社製、他はTakara社製)でそれぞれ消化し、アガロースゲルで分画精製して、各々のDNA断片を取得した(配列番号59~63)。
実施例1で得られたC-Wild、および、実施例2で得られたB-wildの発現プラスミドを有する各々の形質転換体についても、実施例5~6と同様の方法で、C-Wild、および、B-wildの精製タンパク質溶液を得た。また、配列番号96~97のプライマーを用いて、実施例3と同様の手法にて、C-G29A、および、B-G29Aの発現プラスミドを有する各々の形質転換体を得た。C-G29Aのタンパク質配列を配列番号98に、B-G29Aのタンパク質配列を配列番号99に示す。実施例3と同様の方法で、コードDNAの塩基配列を確認し、実施例5~6と同様の方法で、C-G29A、および、B-G29Aの精製タンパク質溶液を得た。C-wild、および、C-G29Aについては、各種C-G29Xと同様に、対照実験として、実施例7、9、11と同じ工程の実験を実施した。B-wild、および、B-G29Aについては、各種B-G29Xと同様に、対照実験として、実施例7、10と同じ工程の実験を実施した。
野生型プロテインAをコードする発現ベクターpNK3262NXを鋳型とし、配列番号100および101のオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いてPCRを行い、C-wildの前半部分を増幅した。また、配列番号102および103のオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いてPCRを行い、C-wildの後半部分を増幅した。両PCR断片を精製後、混合して、配列番号100および103のオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーがアニーリングする部位にて両断片をオーバーラップさせ、これを鋳型として、配列番号101および102のオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを用いて2回目のPCRを実施した。前記の操作により、C-wildの前半と後半が入れ替わり、かつ、両端にHindIII認識部位が存在する配列番号104のDNA断片を作製した。得られたDNA断片をHindIII(Takara社製)により消化後、精製回収を行った。
Claims (25)
- 配列番号1~5に記載のプロテインAのE、D、A、B、および、Cドメインのいずれかのドメインに由来するアミノ酸配列において、
1以上のGlyをAla以外のアミノ酸に置換したアミノ酸配列を有し、かつ、
該GlyをAlaに置換したアミノ酸配列を有するタンパク質に比べて、免疫グロブリンのFab領域に対する親和性が低下していること
を特徴とする、免疫グロブリンに親和性を有するタンパク質。 - Glyが、プロテインAのE、D、A、B、および、Cドメインで保存されているCドメインの29位に対応するGlyである、請求項1に記載のタンパク質。
- Cドメインの29位に対応するGlyが、
Eドメインの27位のGly、
Dドメインの32位のGly、
Aドメインの29位のGly、
Bドメインの29位のGly、および、
Cドメインの29位のGly
である、請求項2に記載のタンパク質。 - Ala以外のアミノ酸が、Val、Leu、Ile、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Thr、Asp、Glu、Arg、His、Lys、Met、Cys、Asn、Glnのいずれかのアミノ酸である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質。
- Ala以外のアミノ酸が、Leu、Ile、Phe、Tyr、Trp、Glu、Arg、Metのいずれかのアミノ酸である、請求項4に記載のタンパク質。
- 変異導入前のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号5に記載のアミノ酸配列である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質。
- 変異導入前のアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質と比較してアルカリ性条件下での化学的安定性が向上していることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質。
- 変異導入後のアミノ酸配列が、配列番号6~18に記載のアミノ酸配列である、請求項1~7に記載のタンパク質。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質を2個以上連結した、複数ドメインからなるタンパク質。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の、種類の異なるタンパク質を2種類以上連結した、複数ドメインからなるタンパク質。
- ドメインの数が2~5個である、請求項9または10に記載の複数ドメインからなるタンパク質。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質、または、請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の複数ドメインからなるタンパク質をコードするDNA。
- 連結されているドメインを構成する塩基配列の配列同一性が90%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項12に記載のDNA。
- 請求項12または13に記載のDNAを含むベクター。
- 請求項14に記載のベクターを宿主に形質転換して得られる形質転換体。
- 宿主がグラム陽性菌であることを特徴とする、請求項15に記載の形質転換体。
- グラム陽性菌がブレビバチルス属細菌であることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の形質転換体。
- ブレビバチルス属細菌がブレビバチルス・チョウシネンシスであることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の形質転換体。
- 請求項15~18のいずれか1項に記載の形質転換体、または、請求項12または13に記載のDNAを用いた無細胞タンパク質合成系を用いる、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質、または、請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の複数ドメインからなるタンパク質の製造方法。
- 形質転換体の細胞内及び/又はペリプラズム領域内にタンパク質を蓄積すること、及び/又は、形質転換体の細胞外にタンパク質を分泌することを特徴とする、請求項19に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のタンパク質、または、請求項9~11のいずれか1項に記載の複数ドメインからなるタンパク質をアフィニティーリガンドとして、水不溶性の基材からなる担体に固定化したことを特徴とする、アフィニティー分離マトリックス。
- 免疫グロブリンのFc領域を含むタンパク質に結合することを特徴とする、請求項21に記載のアフィニティー分離マトリックス。
- 免疫グロブリンのFc領域を含むタンパク質が、抗体、抗体誘導体、断片抗体、および、断片抗体誘導体のいずれかである、請求項22に記載のアフィニティー分離マトリックス。
- 抗体、抗体誘導体、断片抗体、および、断片抗体誘導体が、IgG、および、IgG誘導体のいずれかである、請求項23に記載のアフィニティー分離マトリックス。
- 免疫グロブリンのFc領域を含むタンパク質の分離における、請求項21~24のいずれか1項に記載のアフィニティー分離マトリックスの使用。
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- 2010-03-24 US US13/258,655 patent/US9403883B2/en active Active
- 2010-03-24 JP JP2011506069A patent/JPWO2010110288A1/ja active Pending
- 2010-03-24 WO PCT/JP2010/055030 patent/WO2010110288A1/ja active Application Filing
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2015
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102365361B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
CN102365361A (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
EP2412809A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
JP2016025872A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
US9403883B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
US20120208234A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
EP2412809A4 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
JPWO2010110288A1 (ja) | 2012-09-27 |
EP2412809B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
JP6184463B2 (ja) | 2017-08-23 |
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