WO2010109530A1 - 電解質膜の形成方法、膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
電解質膜の形成方法、膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010109530A1 WO2010109530A1 PCT/JP2009/001361 JP2009001361W WO2010109530A1 WO 2010109530 A1 WO2010109530 A1 WO 2010109530A1 JP 2009001361 W JP2009001361 W JP 2009001361W WO 2010109530 A1 WO2010109530 A1 WO 2010109530A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8882—Heat treatment, e.g. drying, baking
- H01M4/8885—Sintering or firing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/124—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the process of manufacturing or by the material of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/861—Porous electrodes with a gradient in the porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for forming an electrolyte membrane used in a solid oxide fuel cell and a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly.
- a solid oxide fuel cell In a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a solid oxide is used as an electrolyte membrane, and the electrolyte membrane is made thinner in order to increase ion permeability in the electrolyte membrane. As the electrolyte membrane becomes thinner, it becomes difficult for the electrolyte membrane to stand by itself.
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- a technique for forming an electrode and an electrolyte membrane on a support plate made of a metal porous body is known.
- the sintered electrolyte membrane peels off from the support plate or on the support plate.
- the solid oxide shrinks by about 50% by volume and by 15 to 35% in the XYZ direction of width and width.
- the metal support plate does not substantially shrink during sintering.
- This problem is not limited to the electrolyte membrane, but may also occur in the same manner for the electrode formed between the metal support plate and the electrolyte membrane.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to suppress or prevent film peeling and damage during the formation of a film used in a solid oxide fuel cell.
- the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the above-described problems, and the first aspect provides a method for forming an electrolyte membrane.
- a first layer is formed on a porous metal support on which a first electrode is formed, and the first layer is formed on the first layer.
- the first layer is formed on the porous metal support on which the first electrode is formed, and the first layer is formed on the first layer.
- the second layer having higher fluidity is formed, and the first and second layers are baked to form the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, when the membrane used for the solid oxide fuel cell is formed, Damage can be suppressed or prevented.
- the green density of the second layer may be lower than the green density of the first layer.
- the fluidity of the second layer can be made higher than the fluidity of the first layer.
- the second layer is formed using a material having a lower green density than the material forming the first layer because of the high fluidity of the second layer. It may be realized by doing. In this case, the fluidity of the second layer can be made higher than the fluidity of the first layer.
- the high fluidity of the second layer may be realized by forming the second layer by a film forming method that reduces the green density.
- the fluidity of the second layer can be made higher than the fluidity of the first layer.
- the high fluidity of the second layer is obtained by forming the second layer using a material having lower sinterability than the first layer. It may be realized. In this case, the fluidity during firing of the second layer can be made higher than the fluidity of the first layer.
- the first layer having higher adhesion than the second layer is formed on the porous metal support on which the first electrode is formed. Since the second layer is formed on the first layer and the first and second layers are baked to form the electrolyte membrane, the membrane is peeled off when the membrane used in the solid oxide fuel cell is formed. Damage can be suppressed or prevented.
- the high adhesion of the first layer may be realized by mixing an adhesive with the material forming the first layer.
- the adhesion of the first layer can be made higher than the adhesion of the second layer.
- the high adhesion of the first layer is obtained by using a film formation method that provides higher adhesion than the film formation method of forming the second layer. It may be realized by forming the first layer. In this case, the adhesion of the first layer can be made higher than the adhesion of the second layer.
- the high adhesion of the first layer uses particles having a surface rougher than the material forming the second layer as the material forming the first layer. It may be realized by. In this case, the adhesion of the first layer can be made higher than the adhesion of the second layer.
- the third aspect provides a method for producing a membrane electrode assembly.
- a first electrode is formed on a porous metal support, a first layer is formed on the first electrode, and the first electrode is formed.
- a second layer having higher fluidity than the first layer is formed, and the first and second layers are baked to form an electrolyte membrane, and a second layer is formed on the electrolyte membrane. Forming an electrode.
- the first layer is formed on the porous metal support on which the first electrode is formed, and the first layer is formed on the first layer.
- the second layer having higher fluidity than the first layer is formed, and the first and second layers are baked to form the electrolyte membrane, so that the electrolyte capable of suppressing or preventing the peeling and damage of the membrane
- a membrane electrode assembly including a membrane can be provided.
- the manufacturing method of the membrane electrode assembly according to the third aspect may have the following configuration.
- a first electrode is formed on a porous metal support, a first layer having higher adhesion than the second layer is formed on the first electrode, and a second layer is formed on the first layer.
- the first layer having higher adhesion than the second layer is formed on the porous metal support on which the first electrode is formed, and the second layer is formed on the first layer.
- a 4th aspect provides the membrane electrode assembly formed on the porous metal support body.
- a membrane electrode assembly according to a fourth aspect is a first electrode formed on the porous metal support and an electrolyte membrane formed on the first electrode, wherein the first electrode An electrolyte membrane obtained by firing a first layer deposited thereon and a second layer having a higher fluidity than the first layer deposited on the first layer; And a second electrode formed on the electrolyte membrane.
- Membrane electrode assembly is a first electrode formed on the porous metal support and an electrolyte membrane formed on the first electrode, wherein the first electrode An electrolyte membrane obtained by firing a first layer deposited thereon and a second layer having a higher fluidity than the first layer deposited on the first layer; And a second electrode formed on the electrolyte membrane.
- the membrane electrode assembly according to the fourth aspect may have the following configuration.
- Second electrode since the first layer having higher adhesion than the second layer and the electrolyte film obtained by firing the second layer are provided, peeling or damage of the film is suppressed or A membrane electrode assembly including an electrolyte membrane that can be prevented can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration of a membrane electrode assembly formed on a porous metal support according to this example.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a schematic configuration of the fuel cell according to the present embodiment.
- the membrane electrode assembly 10 according to the present embodiment is a solid electrolyte type membrane electrode assembly, and includes a first electrode 30, an electrolyte membrane 40, and a second electrode 35, and one side surface of the porous metal support 20. Formed on top. Specifically, the first electrode 30 is formed on one surface of the porous metal support 20, the electrolyte membrane 40 is formed on the first electrode 30, and the second electrode 35 is formed on the electrolyte membrane 40. Is formed.
- the porous metal support 20 is a porous metal support plate made of a plate-like porous metal.
- the porous metal support 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous metal material having a porosity that functions as a gas flow path, for example.
- Materials include various stainless steels, high heat resistant metal materials (Ni-base alloys, Co-base alloys, Fe-base alloys, Inconel, Hastelloy, Stellite, Crofer (Magnex product name)), ZMG (Hitachi Metals product name), etc.
- the metal material can be used.
- foam metal porous sintered metal obtained by sintering metal particles, non-woven fabric obtained by sintering or braiding metal fibers, or a metal plate in which holes are formed by etching, machining or laser processing can be used.
- a structure in which these are combined may be used.
- the first electrode 30 is an anode, and is made of a metal material such as Pt, Ni, or Cu, 30 vol% Ni and 70 vol% YSZ (Ytnia stabilized zirconia), or 50 vol% Ni and 50 vol% GDC (GaS). It is composed of a cermet material such as Dorinim doped ceria) or a mixed material thereof.
- the ratio of Ni is generally 30 to 60 vol%.
- the second electrode is a cathode, and a metal material such as Pt or Ag, or a perovskite type complex oxide such as LSM (lanthanum strontium manganate) or LSC (lanthanum strontium cobaltite) is used.
- a metal material such as Pt or Ag
- a perovskite type complex oxide such as LSM (lanthanum strontium manganate) or LSC (lanthanum strontium cobaltite) is used.
- the separator 50 may be shared by adjacent membrane electrode assemblies 10 except for the separators located at both ends of the laminated body. In this case, the adjacent separators 50a and 50b in FIG. It becomes.
- FIG. 3 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing process of a membrane electrode assembly including a film forming process of an electrolyte membrane according to the present embodiment.
- the porous metal support 20 is prepared (step S100), and the first electrode 30 as an anode is formed on one surface of the porous metal support 20 (step S110).
- the first electrode 30 is formed by depositing the above-described material on one surface of the porous metal support 20.
- a film forming method for example, a slurry made of the above-described material is applied to one surface of the porous metal support 20 by a paste application method or a screen printing method and sintered, or a porous metal A method of forming a film on the one surface of the support 20 by the PVD method such as the sputtering method or the vapor deposition method or the thermal spraying method can be used.
- a first electrolyte film is formed on the formed first electrode 30 as an anode (step S120), and a second electrolyte film is formed on the formed first electrolyte film (step S130).
- the fluidity of the second electrolyte membrane is higher than the fluidity of the first electrolyte membrane, or the adhesiveness of the first electrolyte membrane is made higher than the adhesiveness of the second electrolyte membrane.
- the first and second electrolyte membranes are formed. A detailed method for forming the first and second electrolyte membranes will be described later.
- the first electrolyte film and the second electrolyte film thus formed are baked to form an electrolyte film (step S140). That is, the electrolyte membrane in the present embodiment is formed by a firing process.
- the cathode as the second electrode 35 is formed on the formed electrolyte membrane (step S150), and the membrane electrode assembly 10 is manufactured.
- the second electrode 35 is formed by a method similar to the method for forming the first electrode.
- the fuel cell can be obtained by disposing the manufactured membrane electrode assembly 10 between a pair of cathodes 50a and 50b or by stacking a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies sandwiched between the pair of cathodes 50a and 50b. 100 can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane before firing in the first example of the first electrolyte membrane formation step according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing a state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the first example of the first electrolyte membrane forming step according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view schematically showing a state of the electrolyte membrane before firing in the second example of the first electrolyte membrane forming step according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the second example of the first electrolyte membrane formation step according to the present embodiment.
- the first electrolyte membrane formation method is characterized in that the fluidity of the second electrolyte membrane 42a is higher than the fluidity of the first electrolyte membrane 41a in the film formation state before firing.
- the fluidity means the ease of flow of the material particles having the composition of the electrolyte membrane, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. If the fluidity is high, movement during sintering is likely to occur (easy to flow). When the fluidity is low, it means that movement during sintering hardly occurs (hardly flows).
- the fluidity can be quantified by a method known to those skilled in the art and can be compared. Furthermore, when comparing the fluidity in this example, it is desirable to compare the fluidity at a temperature during firing.
- At least the composition material of the second electrolyte membrane 42a only needs to have a relatively higher fluidity than the composition material of the first electrolyte membrane 41a.
- a method for realizing this feature for example, there are the following methods.
- the second electrolyte is higher than the density of the first electrolyte membrane 41a formed in direct contact with the first electrode 30 formed on the porous metal support 20.
- the second electrolyte membrane is formed so that the density of the membrane 42a is lowered.
- the material particles are schematically shown by circles, and the density is lower as the number of circles is smaller.
- the second material particles 420a forming the second electrolyte membrane 42a are compared with the first material particles 410a forming the first electrolyte membrane 41a. Increases fluidity.
- the second material particles 420a move (flow) to a region where the first material particles 410a do not form a film, and the front surface of the first electrode 30 is the first material particles 410a and the second material particles.
- the electrolyte membrane 40a sintered in a state covered with 420a can be obtained.
- the size of the electrolyte membrane before firing constituted by the first electrolyte membrane 41a and the second electrolyte membrane 42a is horizontal (in a plane parallel to the surface of the first electrode 30) by firing treatment. There is no change, and the electrolyte membrane 40a is shortened in the vertical direction (the thickness direction of the first and second electrolyte membranes 41a and 42a). As a result, it is possible to suppress or prevent cracking of the electrolyte membrane that occurs when the surface of the first electrode 30 (the contact surface with the first electrolyte membrane 41a) is not covered with the first material particles 410a.
- the first material particles 410a do not move greatly, adhesion to the first electrode 30 is ensured, and peeling of the sintered electrolyte membrane from the first electrode 30 can be suppressed or prevented.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41 a has general adhesion to the first electrode 30.
- the CIP process Cold Isostatic Press
- a method of forming the second electrolyte membrane 42a after increasing the thickness As a film formation method for the first electrolyte film 41a, a film formation method for increasing the green density, for example, using a colloidal spray method, and as a film formation method for the second electrolyte film 42a, a film formation method for decreasing the green density. For example, a method using a screen printing method.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41a is made of material particles 410a in which small and large diameter particles are mixed to increase the green density
- the second electrolyte membrane 42a is made of large particle particles 420a.
- the fluidity of the second electrolyte membrane 42 a can be made higher than the fluidity of the first electrolyte membrane 41 a, and the fired electrolyte membrane 40 a is free from cracks, and from the first electrode 30. There is no peeling.
- a method of adding a sintering aid for inducing liquid sintering to the second electrolyte membrane 42a By adding a sintering aid, it becomes possible to induce liquid sintering of the second electrolyte membrane 42a at the time of sintering, and the second material particles 420a are easy to flow, so the second electrolyte membrane 42a. The fluidity of can be increased. As a result, it is possible to obtain a baked electrolyte membrane 40a that is free from cracks and peeled off from the first electrode 30.
- the sintering aid for example, oxides such as Fe 2 O 3 , Co 3 O 4 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, and Y 2 O 3 can be used.
- a material having lower sinterability than the material of the first electrolyte membrane 41a is a sintered pair having a relative density lower than that of a material having high sinterability even when sintered under the same sintering conditions (temperature, atmosphere, time). Appropriate with the material.
- the second electrolyte membrane 42a (second material particles 420a) can flow even after the first electrolyte membrane 41a is sintered.
- the portion where the first electrolyte membrane 41a is not sintered can be filled.
- the following method is available.
- the material which comprises the 1st electrolyte membrane 41a and the material which comprises the 2nd electrolyte membrane 42a are changed.
- GDC having a sintering temperature of about 1100 ° C.
- YSZ having a sintering temperature of about 1350 ° C.
- first material particles 410a having a small particle diameter and second material particles 420a having a large particle diameter are used. This method will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG.
- the first material particles constituting the first electrolyte membrane 41b formed in direct contact with the first electrode 30 formed on the porous metal support 20 are formed.
- particles having a particle diameter smaller than that of the second material particles 420b constituting the second electrolyte membrane 42b are used.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41b composed of the first material particles 410b having a small particle size is sintered first, and the second material particles 420b are sintered by the first material particles 410b. It is possible to flow and sinter in the unexposed area. As a result, it is possible to obtain a baked electrolyte membrane 40b that is free from cracks and peeled off from the first electrode 30.
- Add a sintering inhibitor to the second electrolyte membrane 42b to the second electrolyte membrane 42b.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41b is relatively sintered first.
- the second electrolyte membrane 42b can maintain fluidity even when the first electrolyte membrane 41b is sintered.
- the sintering inhibitor for example, BaCO 3 , C (carbon), and phosphate (YPO 4 ) ZrO 2 can be used.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane before firing in the first example of the second electrolyte membrane forming step according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the first example of the second electrolyte membrane forming step according to the present embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the second electrolyte membrane formation method is characterized in that the first electrolyte membrane has higher adhesion than the second electrolyte membrane.
- the adhesion means the difficulty of peeling from a non-contact target, for example, the first electrode 30, and in this embodiment, at least the composition material of the first electrolyte membrane is more than the composition material of the second electrolyte membrane. As long as it has relatively high adhesion.
- the adhesion can be compared including numerical values by methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41c is deposited by a deposition method with higher adhesion.
- a deposition method with higher adhesion For example, it can be realized by forming the first electrolyte film 41c by a PLD method (pulse laser deposition method), a sputtering method, or a spraying method, and forming the second electrolyte film 42b by a colloidal spray method or a screen printing method. it can.
- the first electrolyte film 41c shown in FIG. 8 is formed by, for example, a sputtering method
- the second electrolyte film 42c is formed by, for example, a screen printing method. After the sintering, as shown in FIG.
- the first material particles 410c constituting the first electrolyte membrane 41c are sintered without moving (flowing) (or hardly moving) at all, and the second electrolyte membrane
- the second material particles 420c constituting 42c are sintered so as to fill the gaps between the sintered first material particles 410c.
- the first material particles 410c do not move at all, adhesion to the first electrode 30 is ensured, and peeling of the sintered electrolyte membrane 40c from the first electrode 30 can be suppressed or prevented. it can.
- the second electrolyte membrane 42c has a general fluidity sufficient to fill the space between the sintered first electrolyte membranes 41c.
- Adhesive is mixed only in the first electrolyte membrane 41c.
- the first material particles 410c are sintered in a state of being fixed or adhered to the first electrode 30, and the second The material particles 420c flow and sinter in the gaps where the first material particles 410c are not sintered.
- the first material particles 410c constituting the first electrolyte membrane 41c particles having many corners (particles having a rough surface) are used.
- the corners and protrusions which are physical characteristics of the first material particles 410c, bite into the first electrode 30, thereby improving the adhesion of the first electrolyte membrane 41c to the first electrode 30.
- the second material particles 420c flow in a space where the first material particles 410c do not exist. As a result, it is possible to obtain a baked electrolyte membrane 40 c that is free from cracks and peeled off from the first electrode 30.
- a heater is brought into contact with the porous metal support 20 to heat the first electrolyte membrane 41c via the first electrode 30, and the ambient temperature during the sintering (second electrolyte membrane 42c).
- This can be realized by firing the first electrolyte membrane 41c at a temperature higher than the firing temperature.
- the electrolyte membrane forming method, membrane electrode assembly, membrane electrode assembly manufacturing method, and fuel cell according to the present embodiment described above, cracking of the baked electrolyte membrane 40a can be suppressed or prevented.
- the peeling of the electrolyte membrane 40a from the first electrode 30 can be suppressed or prevented.
- the fluidity of the second electrolyte membrane 42a is made higher than the fluidity of the first electrolyte membrane 41a, so that The second electrolyte membrane 42a can flow in the gap between the first electrolyte membrane 41a that is sintered in close contact, and the first electrode 30 that is not covered by the first electrolyte membrane 41a.
- the contact surface can obtain the electrolyte membrane 40a covered with the second electrolyte membrane 42a. Therefore, cracking of the baked electrolyte film 40a can be suppressed or prevented, and peeling of the electrolyte film 40a from the first electrode 30 can be suppressed or prevented.
- the first electrode 30 is made higher by making the adhesion of the first electrolyte membrane 41b higher than the adhesion of the second electrolyte membrane 42b. It is possible to improve the adhesion of the first electrolyte membrane 41b to the first electrolyte membrane 41b, and the second electrolyte membrane 42b flows in a region where the first electrolyte membrane 42b does not exist. As a result, peeling of the electrolyte membrane 40b from the first electrode 30 can be suppressed or prevented, and cracking of the baked electrolyte membrane 40b can be suppressed or prevented.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane before firing in the electrolyte membrane forming step according to the conventional example.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory view schematically showing a first state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the electrolyte membrane forming step according to the conventional example.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory view schematically showing a second state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the electrolyte membrane deposition step according to the conventional example.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which a material having high fluidity (low adhesion to the porous metal support) is used as the material of the electrolyte membrane.
- the entire electrolyte membrane 41x flows during sintering, and after sintering, The electrolyte membrane 40x contracted in the horizontal direction is obtained.
- the adhesion between the first electrode 30 is lowered by the flow of the material particles 410x constituting the electrolyte membrane 41x, and the sintered electrolyte membrane 40x Peels from the first electrode 30.
- FIG. 12 shows an example in which a material having high adhesion to the porous metal support (low fluidity) is used as the material of the electrolyte membrane.
- the electrolyte membrane 41x does not flow during sintering and the first electrode Since it adheres closely to 30, a cracked electrolyte membrane 40 x is obtained after sintering. Therefore, since the adhesion between the electrolyte membrane 40x and the first electrode 30 is maintained, the separation between the electrolyte membrane 40x and the first electrode 30 does not occur, but the material particles 410x constituting the electrolyte membrane 41x flow. By not doing so, the entire surface of the first electrode 30 cannot be covered with the electrolyte membrane 40x, and the sintered electrolyte membrane 40x is damaged such as cracks.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 None of the conventional examples shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 can be used as a membrane electrode assembly, and a method for forming an electrolyte membrane free from peeling or cracking has been desired.
- the first electrolyte membrane 41a and the second electrolyte having higher fluidity than the first electrolyte membrane 41a as the electrolyte membrane before firing are used as the first forming method.
- An electrolyte membrane composed of two layers of the membrane 42a is formed, and the electrolyte membrane is formed by baking treatment. That is, by forming an electrolyte film before firing using two first layers and second layers having different fluidity, the first electrolyte film 41a that is difficult to flow is discretely formed into the first electrode 30.
- the second electrolyte membrane 42a can obtain the electrolyte membrane 40a in which the space between the plurality of sintered first electrolyte membranes 41a is filled. Therefore, damage generated in the electrolyte membrane 40a can be prevented or suppressed.
- an electrolyte film composed of a second electrolyte film 42c and a first electrolyte film 41c2 layer having higher adhesion than the second electrolyte film 42c is formed as an electrolyte film before firing, and is fired.
- an electrolyte membrane is formed. That is, the adhesion of the first electrolyte membrane 41c to the first electrode 30 is enhanced by forming an electrolyte membrane before firing using two first layers and second layers having different adhesion. Can do. Therefore, peeling of the electrolyte membrane 40c can be suppressed or prevented. Furthermore, the space between the plurality of sintered first electrolyte membranes 41c can be filled with the second electrolyte membrane 42c.
- the electrolyte membrane 40 without peeling from the first electrode 30, the electrolyte membrane without damage 40, the expected performance of the membrane electrode assembly 10 or the fuel cell 100 can be exhibited. Moreover, the yield of the membrane electrode assembly 10 or the fuel cell 100 can be improved.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane before firing in the electrode film forming step according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view schematically showing the state of the electrolyte membrane after firing in the electrode film forming step according to another embodiment.
- the first electrode 30a when the first electrode 30a is formed, an electrode before sintering composed of two layers of the first layer 31a and the second layer 31b is formed, and the first electrode 30a after sintering is formed.
- an electrode contains a metal as a composition component
- the sintering shrinkage rate is lower than that of the solid electrolyte even during sintering, and the porous metal support 20 is hardly peeled off.
- the sintering shrinkage rate may increase.
- the first layer 31a and the second layer 31b having higher fluidity than the first layer 31a are formed and sintered as shown in FIG. It is possible to obtain the first electrode 30a that is not damaged and does not peel from the porous metal support 20.
- a film forming method in which a first layer is formed on a porous metal support, and a second fluid having higher fluidity than the first layer is formed on the first layer. And forming the first film by firing the first and second layers, and can be defined as a method of forming a film. Further, in this forming method, a first electrode is formed on the porous metal support, and the first layer is formed on the first electrode. It may be defined.
- the electrolyte membrane may be obtained by forming three or more electrolyte membranes and firing them.
- film formation may be performed so that the fluidity increases as the distance from the first electrode increases, or film formation may be performed such that the adhesion increases as the distance from the first electrode is approached.
- high adhesion may be imparted to the layer that is in direct contact with the first electrode, or high fluidity may be imparted to a layer other than the layer that is in direct contact with the first electrode.
- the characteristics of the first electrolyte membrane and the second electrolyte membrane are defined from the viewpoint of fluidity and adhesion, but the sintering shrinkage that is the shrinkage rate of each electrolyte membrane during sintering. It may be defined using a rate.
- a material having characteristics smaller than the sintering shrinkage rate of the second electrolyte membrane may be used as the material of the first electrolyte membrane, or sintering shrinkage as the first electrode is approached. Three or more layers may be formed so as to reduce the rate.
- the anode is described as an example of the first electrode 30, but the first electrode 30 as a cathode may be used.
- the composition of the first electrode 30, the electrolyte membrane 40, and the second electrode 35 in the above embodiment is merely an example, and it goes without saying that materials having various compositions can be used in addition to the composition described above. . Even in this case, after the first and second electrolyte membranes are formed as the electrolyte membrane 40, the above-described effects can be obtained by performing the baking treatment.
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Abstract
Description
膜電極接合体。
図3は本実施例に係る電解質膜の成膜工程を含む膜電極接合体の製造工程を示す工程図である。多孔質金属支持体20を用意し(ステップS100)、多孔質金属支持体20の一の面上にアノードとしての第1の電極30を形成する(ステップS110)。第1の電極30は、既述の材料を多孔質金属支持体20の一の面上に成膜することによって形成される。成膜の方法としては、例えば、既述の材料からなるスラリーを多孔質金属支持体20の一の面上にペースト塗布法またはスクリーン印刷法によって塗布し、焼結する方法、あるいは、多孔質金属支持体20の一の面上へ既述の材料をスパッタ法、蒸着法といったPVD法、溶射法によって成膜する方法を用いることができる。
図4は本実施例に係る第1の電解質膜の成膜工程の第1の例における焼成前の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。図5は本実施例に係る第1の電解質膜の成膜工程の第1の例における焼成後の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。図6は本実施例に係る第1の電解質膜の成膜工程の第2の例における焼成前の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。図7は本実施例に係る第1の電解質膜の成膜工程の第2の例における焼成後の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。
・第1の電極30上に第1の電解質膜41aを成膜した後、成膜した第1の電解質膜41aに対してCIP処理(Cold Isostatic Press:冷間静水圧プレス)を実行して密度を高めた後に、第2の電解質膜42aを成膜する方法。
・第1の電解質膜41aの成膜方法として、グリーン密度が高くなる成膜法、例えば、コロイダルスプレー法を用い、第2の電解質膜42aの成膜方法として、グリーン密度が低くなる成膜法、例えば、スクリーン印刷法を用いる方法。
・バインダー、ポアフォーマーといった添加剤を用いる成膜法において、第2の電解質膜42aに対して、第1の電解質膜41aよりも、より多くの添加剤を添加得する方法。
・第1の電解質膜41aには、小径粒子と大径粒子が混合された材料粒子410aを用いてグリーン密度を高め、第2の電解質膜42aには、大径粒子の材料粒子420aを用いてグリーン密度を低くする方法。
が上げられる。
・第1の電解質膜41aを構成する材料と、第2の電解質膜42aを構成する材料とを変える。この場合には、例えば、第1の電解質膜41aとして焼結温度が、約1100℃のGDCを用い、第2の電解質膜42aとして焼結温度が約1350℃のYSZを用れば良い。
図8は本実施例に係る第2の電解質膜の成膜工程の第1の例における焼成前の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。図9は本実施例に係る第2の電解質膜の成膜工程の第1の例における焼成後の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。なお、第1の電極30、多孔質金属支持体20の構成に変更はないので、同一の符号を付して説明を省略する。
上記実施例では、電解質膜の形成について説明したが、多孔質金属支持体20上に直接形成される第1の電極30の形成に対して、上記実施例を適用しても良い。図13は他の実施例に係る電極の成膜工程における焼成前の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。図14は他の実施例に係る電極の成膜工程における焼成後の電解質膜の状態を模式的に示す説明図である。
Claims (15)
- 電解質膜の形成方法であって、
第1の電極が形成されている多孔質金属支持体上に第1の層を成膜し、
前記第1の層上に、前記第1の層よりも流動性の高い第2の層を成膜し、
前記第1および第2の層を焼成して電解質膜を形成する
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第2の層のグリーン密度は、前記第1の層のグリーン密度よりも低い、
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項2に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第2の層の高い流動性は、前記第1の層をなす材料よりもグリーン密度が低い材料を用いて前記第2の層を成膜することによって実現される、電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第2の層の高い流動性は、グリーン密度が低くなる成膜方法によって前記第2の層を成膜することによって実現される、
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第2の層の高い流動性は、前記第1の層よりも焼結性の低い材料を用いて第2の層を成膜することによって実現される、
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 電解質膜の形成方法であって、
第1の電極が形成されている多孔質金属支持体上に第2の層よりも密着性の高い第1の層を成膜し、
前記第1の層上に、第2の層を成膜し、
前記第1および第2の層を焼成して電解質膜を形成する
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第1の層の高い密着性は、前記第1の層をなす材料に接着剤を混合することによって実現される
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第1の層の高い密着性は、前記第2の層を形成する成膜法よりも高い密着性を提供する成膜法を用いて前記第1の層を形成することによって実現される
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第1の層の高い密着性は、前記第1の層をなす材料として前記第2の層をなす材料よりも表面の粗い粒子を用いることによって実現される
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 請求項6に記載の電解質膜の形成方法において、
前記第1の層の高い密着性は、前記第2の層を焼成する温度よりも高い温度若しくは長い時間で前記第1の層を焼成することによって実現される
電解質膜の形成方法。 - 膜電極接合体の製造方法であって、
多孔質金属支持体上に第1の電極を形成し、
前記第1の電極上に第1の層を成膜し、
前記第1の層上に、前記第1の層よりも流動性の高い第2の層を成膜し、
前記第1および第2の層を焼成して電解質膜を形成し、
前記電解質膜上に第2の電極を形成する
膜電極接合体の製造方法。 - 膜電極接合体の製造方法であって、
多孔質金属支持体上に第1の電極を形成し、
前記第1の電極上に第2の層よりも密着性の高い第1の層を成膜し、
前記第1の層上に第2の層を成膜し、
前記第1および第2の層を焼成して電解質膜を形成し、
前記電解質膜上に第2の電極を形成する
膜電極接合体の製造方法。 - 多孔質金属支持体上に形成されている膜電極接合体であって、
前記多孔質金属支持体上に形成された第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上に形成された電解質膜であって、前記第1の電極上に成膜された第1の層と、前記第1の層の上に成膜された前記第1の層よりも流動性の高い第2の層とを焼成して得られた電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜上に形成された第2の電極とを備える
膜電極接合体。 - 多孔質金属支持体上に形成されている膜電極接合体であって、
前記多孔質金属支持体上に形成された第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極上に形成された電解質膜であって、前記第1の電極上に成膜された第1の層と、第2の層とを焼成して得られた電解質膜であって、前記第1の層の密着性は前記第2の層の密着性よりも高い、電解質膜と、
前記電解質膜上に形成された第2の電極とを備える
膜電極接合体。 - 燃料電池であって、
請求項13または14に記載された膜電極接合体と、
前記膜電極接合体の両側に配置される1対のセパレータとを備える燃料電池。
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JP2010504341A JP5152322B2 (ja) | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | 電解質膜の形成方法、膜電極接合体および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
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JP2020024847A (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-13 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | 燃料電池および燃料電池の製造方法 |
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