WO2010084836A1 - 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010084836A1 WO2010084836A1 PCT/JP2010/050476 JP2010050476W WO2010084836A1 WO 2010084836 A1 WO2010084836 A1 WO 2010084836A1 JP 2010050476 W JP2010050476 W JP 2010050476W WO 2010084836 A1 WO2010084836 A1 WO 2010084836A1
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- fuel
- secondary battery
- charging current
- power generation
- temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04186—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of liquid-charged or electrolyte-charged reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/0491—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04895—Current
- H01M8/04917—Current of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/33—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/30—Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a secondary battery, and an electronic device including such a fuel cell system.
- fuel cells have been put to practical use as industrial or household power generators or power sources for artificial satellites, spacecrafts, etc., because they have high power generation efficiency and do not emit harmful substances.
- development as a power source for vehicles such as passenger cars, buses and trucks has been progressing.
- Such fuel cells are classified into types such as alkaline aqueous solution type, phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, solid oxide type and direct type methanol.
- DMFCs direct methanol solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- DMFCs direct methanol solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- one of the gas diffusion electrodes is used as a fuel electrode (negative electrode) and methanol as fuel is supplied to the surface of the gas diffusion electrode
- the methanol is decomposed to generate hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons, and the hydrogen ions are converted into a solid polymer electrolyte.
- the other of the gas diffusion electrodes is an oxygen electrode (positive electrode) and air as an oxidant gas is supplied to the surface thereof, oxygen in the air is combined with the hydrogen ions and electrons to generate water. . Due to such an electrochemical reaction, an electromotive force is generated from the DMFC.
- the active fuel cell capable of adjusting the fuel supply amount as described above, a certain time is required from the start of fuel supply to the steady power generation state. This is because it takes time to increase the catalyst temperature and to wet the electrolyte membrane. Therefore, since the fuel cell has such characteristics, it is very difficult to directly operate an electronic device whose power demand dynamically changes by itself.
- Patent Document 1 a method of connecting the output of the fuel cell in parallel with a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery
- the secondary battery used in the hybrid configuration is basically for temporarily storing the power generation output from the fuel cell, and thus it can be said that a secondary battery as small as possible is desirable.
- the maximum charge / discharge current with respect to the nominal capacity is inevitably increased (that is, charge / discharge with a large current such as 2C or 3C).
- the maximum charging / discharging current is increased, the secondary battery is quickly deteriorated. Therefore, such deterioration of the secondary battery has been a big problem in the hybrid system.
- the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the size of the fuel cell system including the secondary battery and to suppress the deterioration of the secondary battery regardless of the temperature condition.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and an electronic device including such a fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system has a power generation unit that generates power by supplying fuel and an oxidant gas, and supplies fuel to the power generation unit side and adjusts the fuel supply amount.
- a fuel supply unit, a secondary battery for storing electromotive force generated by power generation by the power generation unit, a temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the secondary battery, and a charging current to the secondary battery is a predetermined maximum charging current
- a control unit that adjusts the amount of fuel supplied by the fuel supply unit so as to be smaller than the value.
- this control part controls the said maximum charging current value according to the temperature of the secondary battery detected by the temperature detection part.
- An electronic device includes the fuel cell system.
- the electromotive force generated by the power generation of the power generation unit is stored in the secondary battery, and the charging current to the secondary battery is a predetermined maximum charge.
- the fuel supply amount is adjusted so as to be smaller than the current value.
- the charging current is limited to less than a predetermined upper limit value (maximum charging current value).
- the temperature of the secondary battery is detected, and the maximum charging current value is controlled according to the detected temperature of the secondary battery, so that the charging current can be limited according to the temperature at that time. It becomes.
- the fuel supply amount is adjusted so that the charging current to the secondary battery is smaller than the predetermined maximum charging current value.
- the charging current can be limited to less than a predetermined upper limit value (maximum charging current value), and deterioration of the secondary battery can be suppressed.
- the temperature of the secondary battery is detected, and the maximum charging current value is controlled according to the detected temperature of the secondary battery, so that the charging current can be limited according to the temperature at that time.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing showing the schematic structural example of the electric power generation part shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view illustrating a schematic configuration example of a power generation unit illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the outline
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a fuel cell system (fuel cell system 5) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 5 supplies power for driving the load 6 via the output terminals T2 and T3.
- the fuel supply system 5 includes a fuel cell 1, two current detectors 311 and 312, a voltage detector 32, a booster circuit 33, a temperature detector 30, a secondary battery 34, and a controller 35. It is configured.
- the fuel cell 1 includes a power generation unit 10, a fuel tank 40, and a fuel pump 42. The detailed configuration of the fuel cell 1 will be described later.
- the power generation unit 10 is a direct methanol type power generation unit that generates power by a reaction between methanol and an oxidant gas (for example, oxygen), and includes a plurality of unit cells having a positive electrode (oxygen electrode) and a negative electrode (fuel electrode). It consists of The detailed configuration of the power generation unit 10 will be described later.
- an oxidant gas for example, oxygen
- the fuel tank 40 contains liquid fuel (for example, methanol or aqueous methanol solution) necessary for power generation.
- liquid fuel for example, methanol or aqueous methanol solution
- the fuel pump 42 is a pump for pumping the liquid fuel accommodated in the fuel tank 40 and supplying (transporting) the liquid fuel to the power generation unit 10 side, and is capable of adjusting the fuel supply amount.
- the operation of the fuel supply pump 42 (liquid fuel supply operation) is controlled by a control unit 35 described later.
- the detailed configuration of the fuel pump 42 will be described later.
- the current detection unit 311 is disposed between the positive electrode side of the power generation unit 10 and the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H, and detects the power generation current I1 of the power generation unit 10.
- the current detection unit 311 includes a resistor, for example. Such a current detection unit 311 may be disposed on the connection line L1L (between the negative electrode side of the power generation unit 10 and the connection point P2).
- the voltage detector 32 is arranged between the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H and the connection point P2 on the connection line L1L, and detects the power generation voltage V1 of the power generation unit 10.
- the voltage detection unit 32 includes, for example, a resistor.
- the booster circuit 33 is disposed between the connection line L1H and the connection point P3 on the output line LO, and boosts the power generation voltage V1 (DC voltage) of the power generation unit 10 to generate a DC voltage V2. It is a conversion unit.
- the booster circuit 33 is constituted by, for example, a DC / DC converter.
- the secondary battery 34 is disposed between the connection point P3 on the output line LO and the connection point P4 on the ground line LG (connection line L1L), and is based on the DC voltage V2 generated by the booster circuit 33. Power storage. That is, the secondary battery 34 is for storing the electromotive force generated by the power generation of the power generation unit 10.
- Such a secondary battery 34 is composed of, for example, a lithium ion battery.
- the current detection unit 312 is disposed between the secondary battery 34 and the connection point P4, and detects a charging current I2 when the secondary battery 34 is charged.
- the current detection unit 312 is also configured to include a resistor, for example. Such a current detection unit 312 may be disposed between the connection point P3 and the secondary battery 34.
- the current detection unit 312 corresponds to a specific example of “current detection unit” in the present invention.
- the temperature detection unit 30 detects the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 (specifically, the temperature at or near the secondary battery 34), and is composed of, for example, a thermistor.
- the control unit 35 includes a power generation current I1 and a charging current I2 (detection current) detected by the current detection units 311 and 312, a power generation voltage (detection voltage) V1 detected by the voltage detection unit 32, and a temperature detection unit 30. Based on the detected temperature (detected temperature) T1 of the secondary battery 34, the supply amount of the liquid fuel 41 by the fuel pump 42 is adjusted. Specifically, particularly in the present embodiment, using the detected charging current I2 and the detected temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34, the charging current I2 is larger than a predetermined maximum charging current value Imax described later. The supply amount of the liquid fuel 41 is adjusted so as to decrease.
- a control part 35 is comprised by the microcomputer etc., for example. The detailed operation of the control unit 35 will be described later.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show configuration examples of the unit cells 10A to 10F in the power generation unit 10 in the fuel cell 1, and FIG. 2 corresponds to the cross-sectional configuration taken along the line II-II in FIG. To do.
- the unit cells 10A to 10F are arranged in, for example, 3 rows ⁇ 2 columns in the in-plane direction, and have a planar laminated structure in which a plurality of connection members 20 are electrically connected in series.
- a terminal 20A which is an extension of the connection member 20, is attached to the unit cells 10C and 10F.
- a fuel tank 40, a fuel pump 42, a nozzle 43, and a fuel vaporization unit 44 are provided below the unit cells 10A to 10F.
- Each of the unit cells 10A to 10F has a fuel electrode (a negative electrode, an anode electrode) 12 and an oxygen electrode 13 (a positive electrode, a cathode electrode) arranged to face each other with the electrolyte membrane 11 therebetween.
- a fuel electrode a negative electrode, an anode electrode
- an oxygen electrode 13 a positive electrode, a cathode electrode
- the electrolyte membrane 11 is made of, for example, a proton conductive material having a sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H).
- proton conducting materials include polyperfluoroalkylsulfonic acid proton conducting materials (for example, “Nafion (registered trademark)” manufactured by DuPont), hydrocarbon proton conducting materials such as polyimide sulfonic acid, or fullerene proton conducting materials. Is mentioned.
- the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 have a configuration in which a catalyst layer containing a catalyst such as platinum (Pt) or ruthenium (Ru) is formed on a current collector made of, for example, carbon paper.
- the catalyst layer is made of, for example, a dispersion in which a carrier such as carbon black carrying a catalyst is dispersed in a polyperfluoroalkylsulfonic acid proton conductive material or the like.
- an air supply pump (not shown) may be connected to the oxygen electrode 13 or communicate with the outside through an opening (not shown) provided in the connection member 20 to supply air, that is, oxygen by natural ventilation. You may come to be.
- the connecting member 20 has a bent portion 23 between the two flat portions 21 and 22, and in contact with the fuel electrode 12 of one unit cell (for example, 10 A) in one flat portion 21, the other flat portion. 22 is in contact with the oxygen electrode 13 of the adjacent unit cell (for example, 10B).
- the connecting member 20 electrically connects two adjacent unit cells (for example, 10A and 10B) in series and also functions as a current collector that collects electricity generated in each of the unit cells 10A to 10F.
- Such a connection member 20 has, for example, a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and is made of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), or stainless steel (SUS), such as gold (Au) or platinum (Pt). It may be plated with.
- the connecting member 20 has openings (not shown) for supplying fuel and air to the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13, respectively.
- the connecting member 20 is made of mesh such as expanded metal, punching metal, or the like. It is configured.
- the bent portion 23 may be bent in advance according to the thickness of the unit cells 10A to 10F, or in the manufacturing process when the connecting member 20 has flexibility such as a mesh having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less. It may be formed by bending.
- Such a connecting member 20 is formed by, for example, screwing a sealing material (not shown) such as PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or silicone rubber provided around the electrolyte membrane 11 to the connecting member 20. It is joined to the unit cells 10A to 10F.
- the fuel tank 40 includes, for example, a container (for example, a plastic bag) whose volume changes without bubbles or the like even when the liquid fuel 41 increases or decreases, and a rectangular parallelepiped case (structure) that covers the container. Has been.
- the fuel tank 40 is provided with a fuel pump 42 for sucking the liquid fuel 41 in the fuel tank 40 and discharging it from the nozzle 43 near the center.
- the fuel pump 42 is, for example, a flow as a pipe connecting a piezoelectric body (not shown), a piezoelectric support resin portion (not shown) for supporting the piezoelectric body, and the fuel tank 40 to the nozzle 43. And a road (not shown).
- the fuel pump 42 can adjust the fuel supply amount in accordance with the change in the fuel supply amount per operation or the fuel supply cycle ⁇ t. .
- the fuel pump 42 corresponds to a specific example of “fuel supply unit” in the present invention.
- the fuel vaporization unit 44 supplies gaseous fuel to the power generation unit 10 (unit cells 10A to 10F) by vaporizing the liquid fuel supplied by the fuel pump 42.
- the fuel vaporization section 44 is used to promote the diffusion of fuel on a plate (not shown) made of a highly rigid resin material such as a metal or alloy including stainless steel, aluminum, or cycloolefin copolymer (COC).
- the diffusion part (not shown) is provided.
- an inorganic porous material such as alumina, silica, titanium oxide, or a resin porous material can be used.
- the nozzle 43 is a fuel ejection port that is transported by a flow path (not shown) of the fuel pump 42, and ejects fuel toward a diffusion portion provided on the surface of the fuel vaporization portion 44. Yes. Thereby, the fuel transported to the fuel vaporization unit 44 is diffused and vaporized and supplied to the power generation unit 10 (unit cells 10A to 10F).
- the nozzle 43 has a diameter of, for example, 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- the fuel cell system 5 of the present embodiment can be manufactured as follows, for example.
- the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 are joined to the electrolyte membrane 11 by thermocompression bonding the electrolyte membrane 11 made of the above-described material between the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 made of the above-described material, Unit cells 10A to 10F are formed.
- a connecting member 20 made of the above-described material is prepared, and as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, six unit cells 10A to 10F are arranged in 3 rows ⁇ 2 columns and electrically connected by the connecting member 20. Connect in series.
- a sealing material (not shown) made of the above-described material is provided around the electrolyte membrane 11, and the sealing material is fixed to the bent portion 23 of the connecting member 20 by screwing.
- the fuel cell 1 Form.
- the current detectors 311 and 312, the voltage detector 32, the temperature detector 30, the booster circuit 33, the secondary battery 34, and the controller 35 described above are electrically connected to the fuel cell 1. Connect and install.
- the fuel cell system 5 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is completed.
- the liquid fuel stored in the fuel tank 40 is pumped up by the fuel pump 42 and reaches the fuel vaporization section 44 through a flow path (not shown).
- the fuel vaporization section 44 when the liquid fuel is ejected by the nozzle 43, it is diffused over a wide range by a diffusion section (not shown) provided on the surface thereof.
- the liquid fuel is naturally vaporized, and the gaseous fuel is supplied to the power generation unit 10 (specifically, the fuel electrodes 12 of the unit cells 10A to 10F).
- the generated voltage (DC voltage) V1 based on the generated current I1 is boosted (voltage converted) by the booster circuit 33 to become a DC voltage V2.
- the DC voltage V2 is supplied to the secondary battery 34 or a load (for example, an electronic device main body).
- the DC voltage V2 and the charging current I2 are supplied to the secondary battery 34, the electromotive force generated by the power generation of the power generation unit 10 is stored in the secondary battery 34 based on these voltages and currents. Further, when the DC voltage V2 is supplied to the load 6 via the output terminals T2 and T3, the load 6 is driven and a predetermined operation is performed.
- the fuel supply amount is adjusted according to the change in the fuel supply amount per operation or the fuel supply cycle ⁇ t by the control of the control unit 35.
- the secondary battery 34 is a lithium ion battery
- the deterioration proceeds faster as the charging current I2 increases.
- the lithium ion is deposited as metallic lithium because the chemical reaction (reaction in which lithium ions intercalate between layers of carbon, which is the negative electrode material) does not catch up with the charging rate. The cause is. Since such an intercalation reaction is further delayed at a low temperature, the above-described deterioration phenomenon becomes remarkable particularly at a low temperature.
- the control unit 35 adjusts the supply amount of the liquid fuel 41 by the fuel pump 42 so that the charging current I2 to the secondary battery 34 becomes smaller than a predetermined maximum charging current value Imax ( (Adjust so that the supply amount of the liquid fuel 41 is not more than a predetermined maximum value).
- the charging current I2 has a predetermined upper limit value (the maximum charging current value Imax). ) Is limited to less than.
- control unit 35 controls the magnitude of the maximum charging current value Imax according to the detected temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34. Specifically, control is performed so that the maximum charging current value Imax becomes smaller as the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 decreases. More specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the maximum charging current value Imax is controlled to decrease exponentially as the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 decreases. Thereby, the limiting operation of the charging current I2 according to the temperature of the secondary battery 34 at that time becomes possible.
- the supply amount of the liquid fuel 41 is adjusted so that the charging current I2 to the secondary battery 34 becomes smaller than the predetermined maximum charging current value Imax.
- the charging current I2 can be limited to less than a predetermined upper limit value (maximum charging current value Imax), and deterioration of the secondary battery 34 can be suppressed.
- the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 is detected, and the maximum charging current value Imax is controlled according to the detected temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34. Therefore, the temperature of the secondary battery 34 at that time
- the limiting operation of the charging current I2 according to T1 becomes possible, and for example, the promotion of deterioration of the secondary battery 34 at a low temperature can be suppressed. Therefore, in the fuel cell system including the secondary battery, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the secondary battery regardless of the temperature state while reducing the size.
- the maximum charging current value Imax is decreased (exponentially) as the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 is lowered, the temperature becomes low when a lithium ion battery is used as the secondary battery 34. It is possible to suppress the deterioration promotion below.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of the relationship between the number of cycles (times), the discharge capacity (mAh), and the change in thickness ⁇ T (mm) of the lithium ion battery when a lithium ion battery is used as the secondary battery 34. It represents.
- a cycle test in which 1C charge and 1C discharge are repeated corresponding to “1C1C” shown in the figure
- a cycle test in which 2C charge and 1C discharge are repeated corresponding to “2C1C” shown in the figure
- 1C charge (1C discharge) means, for example, a charge current (discharge current) that completes charge (discharge) in one hour (ie, 1000 mA) when the current capacity of the lithium ion battery is 1000 mAh. This means a charging operation (discharging operation).
- the control unit 35 supplies the liquid fuel by the fuel pump 42 based on the detected generated current I1 and charging current I2, the generated voltage V1, and the temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34.
- the control unit 35 may adjust the amount of liquid fuel supplied by the fuel pump 42 based on only the charging current I2 and the temperature T1 of the secondary battery as a minimum configuration.
- control unit 35 performs control so that the maximum charging current value Imax decreases exponentially as the detected temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 decreases.
- control method of the maximum charging current value Imax is not limited to this. That is, another control method may be used as long as the maximum charging current value Imax is controlled to be smaller as the detected temperature T1 of the secondary battery 34 is lowered.
- the said embodiment demonstrated the case where the electric power generation part 10 included six unit cells electrically connected in series mutually, the number of unit cells is not restricted to this.
- the power generation unit 10 may be configured with one unit cell, or may be configured with two or more arbitrary unit cells.
- the vaporization supply type fuel pump has been described as an example.
- the configuration of the fuel pump is not limited to such a vaporization supply type, and the present invention is configured to circulate fuel. It is also effective in a fuel electric power system that generates electricity.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention can be suitably used for portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, an electrophotographic machine, an electronic notebook, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
- portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, an electrophotographic machine, an electronic notebook, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
Abstract
Description
1.実施の形態(二次電池での検出温度に応じた充電電流の制御動作の例)
2.変形例および適用例
[燃料電池システムの全体構成例]
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る燃料電池システム(燃料電池システム5)の全体構成を表すものである。燃料電池システム5は、負荷6を駆動するための電力を出力端子T2,T3を介して供給するものである。この燃料供給システム5は、燃料電池1と、2つの電流検出部311,312と、電圧検出部32と、昇圧回路33と、温度検出部30と、二次電池34と、制御部35とから構成されている。
次に、図2~図4を参照して、燃料電池1の詳細構成について説明する。図2および図3は、燃料電池1内の発電部10における単位セル10A~10Fの構成例を表すものであり、図2は、図3におけるII-II線に沿った矢視断面構成に対応する。
本実施の形態の燃料電池システム5は、例えば次のようにして製造することができる。
次に、本実施の形態の燃料電池システム5の作用および効果について詳細に説明する。
CH3OH+H2O→ CO2+6H++6e- ……(1)
6H++(3/2)O2+6e-→ 3H2O ……(2)
CH3OH+(3/2)O2→ CO2+2H2O ……(3)
ここで、図8は、二次電池34としてリチウムイオン電池を用いた場合における、サイクル数(回)と、放電容量(mAh)およびリチウムイオン電池の厚み変化量ΔT(mm)との関係の一例を表したものである。ここでは、1C充電および1C放電を繰り返して行うサイクル試験(図中に示した「1C1C」に対応)と、2C充電および1C放電を繰り返して行うサイクル試験(図中に示した「2C1C」に対応)との2種類のサイクル試験を行っている。ここで、「1C充電(1C放電)」とは、例えばリチウムイオン電池の電流容量が1000mAhである場合、1時間で充電(放電)が完了するような充電電流(放電電流)(すなわち、1000mA)での充電動作(放電動作)のことを意味している。同様に、「2C充電」とは、例えばリチウムイオン電池の電流容量が1000mAhである場合、0.5時間で充電が完了するような充電電流(すなわち、2000mA)での充電動作のことを意味している。なお、充電動作はCC-CV(上限電圧=4.2V,0.05Cカット)にて行い、放電動作は3.0Vカットにて行っている。
以上、実施の形態を挙げて本発明を説明したが、本発明はこの実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。
Claims (8)
- 燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ前記燃料を供給すると共に、この燃料の供給量が調節可能となっている燃料供給部と、
前記発電部の発電により生じる起電力を蓄電するための二次電池と、
前記二次電池の温度を検出する温度検出部と、
前記二次電池への充電電流が所定の最大充電電流値よりも小さくなるように、前記燃料供給部による燃料の供給量を調整する制御部と
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記温度検出部により検出された二次電池の温度に応じて、前記最大充電電流値を制御する
燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、検出された二次電池の温度が下がるのに従って、前記最大充電電流値がより小さくなるように制御する
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、検出された二次電池の温度が下がるのに従って、前記最大充電電流値が指数関数的に小さくなっていくように制御する
請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記充電電流を検出する電流検出部を備え、
前記制御部は、前記電流検出部により検出された充電電流を用いて、この充電電流が前記最大充電電流値よりも小さくなるように、前記燃料供給部による燃料の供給量を調整する
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料供給部が、前記発電部側へ液体燃料を供給するものであり、
前記燃料供給部により供給された液体燃料を気化させることによって、気体燃料を前記発電部へ供給する燃料気化部を備えた
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料を収容する燃料タンクを備えた
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記二次電池が、リチウムイオン電池である
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池システムを備え、
前記燃料電池システムは、
燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ前記燃料を供給すると共に、この燃料の供給量が調節可能となっている燃料供給部と、
前記発電部の発電により生じる起電力を蓄電するための二次電池と、
前記二次電池の温度を検出する温度検出部と、
前記二次電池への充電電流が所定の最大充電電流値よりも小さくなるように、前記燃料供給部による燃料の供給量を調整する制御部と
を有し、
前記制御部は、前記温度検出部により検出された二次電池の温度に応じて、前記最大充電電流値を制御する
電子機器。
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US13/143,012 US8957622B2 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2010-01-18 | Fuel cell system and electronic device |
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CN105529690B (zh) * | 2014-09-28 | 2019-03-22 | 三美电机株式会社 | 电池保护电路、电池保护装置、电池组以及电池保护方法 |
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