WO2010058461A1 - 内燃機関の制御装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010058461A1 WO2010058461A1 PCT/JP2008/071041 JP2008071041W WO2010058461A1 WO 2010058461 A1 WO2010058461 A1 WO 2010058461A1 JP 2008071041 W JP2008071041 W JP 2008071041W WO 2010058461 A1 WO2010058461 A1 WO 2010058461A1
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- fuel ratio
- air
- waste gate
- catalyst
- gate valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/02—Gas passages between engine outlet and pump drive, e.g. reservoirs
- F02B37/025—Multiple scrolls or multiple gas passages guiding the gas to the pump drive
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
- F02D41/0007—Controlling intake air for control of turbo-charged or super-charged engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine.
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-274963 discloses that the exhaust air-fuel ratio is alternately changed between the rich side and the lean side with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in order to warm up the three-way catalyst early when the engine is cold started.
- an invention is disclosed in which the fluctuation range of the air-fuel ratio in perturbation control is changed in response to fluctuations in the exhaust gas volume.
- control is performed to change the air-fuel ratio.
- control is performed to alternately change the air-fuel ratio between the rich side and the lean side with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.
- the control target air-fuel ratio of the engine is switched based on the output of the post-catalyst sensor provided on the downstream side of the catalyst. That is, the control target air-fuel ratio is changed to the lean air-fuel ratio when the post-catalyst sensor output changes from lean to rich, and the control target air-fuel ratio becomes the rich air-fuel ratio when the post-catalyst sensor output changes from rich to lean. Changed to
- the catalyst When the output of the post-catalyst sensor changes from rich to lean, the catalyst is fully occluded with oxygen. In this state, when the control target air-fuel ratio is changed from the lean air-fuel ratio to the rich air-fuel ratio, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst also changes from lean to rich.
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst is detected by a pre-catalyst sensor provided on the upstream side of the catalyst.
- the timing at which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst changes between lean and rich is accurately detected by the sensor before the catalyst. This is very important.
- the exhaust gas that has flowed into the turbine of the turbocharger takes time to pass through the turbine, so that it takes a long time to reach the pre-catalyst sensor.
- the exhaust gas that has passed through the waste gate does not pass through the turbine, it quickly reaches the pre-catalyst sensor. Therefore, for example, when the air-fuel ratio of the engine is switched from lean to rich, when the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas that passes through the waste gate and reaches the pre-catalyst sensor changes to rich, it passes through the turbine and becomes the catalyst. The air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas that reaches the front sensor is still lean.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and in an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger having a wastegate valve, control for detecting a change in an air-fuel ratio by an exhaust gas sensor is performed with high accuracy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for an internal combustion engine that can perform the above-described operation.
- a first invention is a control device for an internal combustion engine, A turbocharger having a turbine operated by exhaust energy of an internal combustion engine and a compressor for compressing intake gas; A waste gate that bypasses the turbine and passes exhaust gas; A wastegate valve for opening and closing the wastegate; An exhaust gas sensor installed in an exhaust passage downstream of the turbine and the waste gate valve; Air-fuel ratio change detection control means for executing air-fuel ratio change detection control for changing the air-fuel ratio upstream of the turbine and the waste gate valve and detecting the change of the air-fuel ratio by the exhaust gas sensor; With The air-fuel ratio change detection control means executes the air-fuel ratio change detection control when the opening degree of the waste gate valve is less than a predetermined value.
- the second invention is the first invention, wherein The air-fuel ratio change detection control means executes the air-fuel ratio change detection control when the waste gate valve is fully closed.
- the third invention is the first or second invention, wherein
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control means includes means for controlling the waste gate valve so that an opening degree of the waste gate valve becomes less than the predetermined value before executing the air-fuel ratio change detection control. To do.
- 4th invention is 1st or 2nd invention
- An open / close state determination means for determining an open / close state of the waste gate valve
- a prohibiting unit that prohibits execution of the air-fuel ratio change detection control when the opening / closing state determination unit determines that the opening of the waste gate valve is equal to or greater than the predetermined value; It is characterized by providing.
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control is a control for diagnosing the exhaust gas sensor or the exhaust purification catalyst.
- the internal combustion engine has a plurality of cylinders
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control means first changes the air-fuel ratio of the cylinder having the largest volume of the exhaust passage upstream of the turbine when changing the air-fuel ratio of each cylinder.
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control for changing the air-fuel ratio upstream of the turbine and the waste gate valve and detecting the change of the air-fuel ratio by the exhaust gas sensor is performed. It can be executed when it is in the state. As a result, the adverse effect caused by the difference between the time until the turbine passing gas reaches the exhaust gas sensor and the time until the waste gate passing gas reaches the exhaust gas sensor is reliably suppressed from affecting the air-fuel ratio change detection control. can do. For this reason, the air-fuel ratio change detection control can be executed with high accuracy.
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control can be executed when the wastegate valve is fully closed.
- the air-fuel ratio change detection control can be executed in a state where the amount of the wastegate passage gas is zero. Therefore, the air-fuel ratio change detection control is more reliably affected by the difference between the time until the turbine passing gas reaches the exhaust gas sensor and the time until the waste gate passing gas reaches the exhaust gas sensor. Can be suppressed.
- the waste gate valve can be controlled such that the opening degree of the waste gate valve becomes less than a predetermined value before the air-fuel ratio change detection control is executed.
- the execution of the air-fuel ratio change detection control can be prohibited.
- the above effect can be achieved in a system in which the opening and closing of the waste gate valve is passively controlled according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine.
- control for diagnosing the exhaust gas sensor or the exhaust purification catalyst can be executed with higher accuracy.
- the air-fuel ratio of the cylinder having the largest exhaust passage volume upstream of the turbine can be changed first.
- the air-fuel ratio change period at the position of the exhaust gas sensor can be shortened, and the timing at which the air-fuel ratio changes can be detected with higher accuracy.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is a figure for demonstrating the system configuration
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a system configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the system of the present embodiment includes an internal combustion engine 10 mounted on a vehicle as a power source.
- the internal combustion engine 10 of the present embodiment is an in-line four-cylinder type having four cylinders # 1 to # 4.
- the explosion order is # 1 ⁇ # 3 ⁇ # 4 ⁇ # 2.
- the number of cylinders and the cylinder arrangement are not limited to this.
- Each cylinder of the internal combustion engine 10 is provided with an intake valve 12, an exhaust valve 14, and a fuel injector 16.
- the fuel injector 16 is provided so as to inject fuel into the intake port of each cylinder.
- the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and a fuel injector may be provided so as to inject fuel directly into the cylinder of each cylinder.
- An intake passage 20 is connected to the internal combustion engine 10 via an intake manifold 18.
- a throttle valve 22 for adjusting the amount of intake air is installed in the intake passage 20.
- the internal combustion engine 10 of the present embodiment is provided with a turbocharger 24.
- the turbocharger 24 includes a turbine 241 that is operated by the energy of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 10 and a compressor 242 that is driven by the turbine 241.
- the intake passage 20 is connected to the compressor 242.
- the intake air can be compressed by the compressor 242.
- the turbocharger 24 of this embodiment is of a twin entry type (twin scroll type) in which the inlet of the turbine 241 is divided into two.
- a first exhaust manifold 26 is connected to one inlet of the turbine 241, and a second exhaust manifold 28 is connected to the other inlet.
- the first exhaust manifold 26 is connected to the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the # 1 cylinder and the exhaust gas discharged from the # 4 cylinder merge at the first exhaust manifold 26 and flow into one inlet of the turbine 241.
- the second exhaust manifold 28 is connected to the # 2 cylinder and the # 3 cylinder.
- the exhaust gas discharged from the # 2 cylinder and the exhaust gas discharged from the # 3 cylinder merge at the second exhaust manifold 28 and flow into the other inlet of the turbine 241. According to such a twin entry type turbocharger 24, it is possible to suppress the exhaust pulsation interference between the cylinders and to obtain an excellent supercharging characteristic.
- An exhaust passage 30 is connected to the outlet of the turbine 241.
- a catalyst 32 for purifying exhaust gas is installed in the middle of the exhaust passage 30.
- the catalyst 32 is a three-way catalyst having an O 2 storage function (oxygen storage function).
- waste gate 34 that allows a part of the exhaust gas in the first exhaust manifold 26 to flow into the exhaust passage 30 on the downstream side of the turbine 241 without passing through the turbine 241; 2
- a waste gate 36 that allows a part of the exhaust gas in the exhaust manifold 28 to flow into the exhaust passage 30 on the downstream side of the turbine 241 without passing through the turbine 241, and a waste that opens and closes both waste gates 34, 36.
- a gate valve 38 is provided.
- the waste gate valve 38 of the present embodiment is configured to displace the valve body that can rotate between a closed position that seals the outlets of the waste gates 34 and 36 and an open position that opens the outlets. Actuator (not shown). The opening degree of the waste gate valve 38 is controlled by an ECU 50 described later.
- the waste gate valve 38 is opened during high-load operation, and a part of the exhaust gas flows through the exhaust passage 30 without passing through the turbine 241. Thereby, it is possible to reliably prevent the exhaust pressure (back pressure) and the supercharging pressure from becoming excessive.
- pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr An air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst 32 (hereinafter also referred to as “pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr”) is detected downstream of the turbine 241 and the waste gate valve 38 and upstream of the catalyst 32.
- a pre-catalyst sensor 40 is installed.
- the pre-catalyst sensor 40 of the present embodiment is a so-called wide area air-fuel ratio sensor, can continuously detect an air-fuel ratio over a relatively wide area, and outputs a signal proportional to the air-fuel ratio.
- a post-catalyst sensor 42 that detects an air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing out from the catalyst 32 (hereinafter also referred to as “post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr”) is installed on the downstream side of the catalyst 32.
- the post-catalyst sensor 42 of the present embodiment is a so-called O 2 sensor and has a characteristic that the output changes suddenly with the theoretical air-fuel ratio as a boundary.
- the system of the present embodiment further detects an engine speed sensor 44 that detects the speed of the internal combustion engine 10, an air flow meter 46 that detects the intake air amount of the internal combustion engine 10, and an accelerator pedal position of the driver's seat of the vehicle.
- An accelerator position sensor 48 and an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 50 are provided.
- the ECU 50 includes a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an input / output port, a storage device, and the like (all not shown).
- the ECU 50 is electrically connected to the various sensors and actuators described above.
- the ECU 50 controls the opening degree of the throttle valve 22, the fuel injection amount from the fuel injector 16, the opening degree of the waste gate valve 38 and the like based on the detection values of various sensors.
- the catalyst 32 simultaneously purifies NOx, HC and CO when the air-fuel ratio A / F of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst 32 is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio A / Fs. Therefore, the ECU 50 controls the air-fuel ratio so that the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst 32 becomes the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio A / Fs during normal operation of the internal combustion engine 10. Specifically, the ECU 50 sets a target air-fuel ratio A / Ft equal to the theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs, and the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 40 becomes the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft.
- the fuel injection amount injected from the fuel injector 16 is controlled so as to match.
- the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the catalyst 32 is kept in the vicinity of the theoretical air-fuel ratio, and the maximum purification performance is exhibited in the catalyst 32.
- the catalyst 32 mainly includes a noble metal (active point) such as Pt or Pd and an oxygen storage component capable of absorbing and releasing oxygen according to the air-fuel ratio of the atmospheric gas. If the atmosphere gas of the catalyst 32 is richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio A / Fs, the oxygen stored in the oxygen storage component is released. Thereby, unburned components such as HC and CO can be oxidized and purified by the released oxygen. Conversely, if the atmosphere gas of the catalyst 32 is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio A / Fs, the oxygen storage component absorbs oxygen from the atmosphere gas. Thereby, NOx can be reduced and purified.
- a noble metal active point
- an oxygen storage component capable of absorbing and releasing oxygen according to the air-fuel ratio of the atmospheric gas.
- the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst 32 decreases.
- the degree of decrease in the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst 32 and the degree of deterioration of the catalyst 32 are correlated. Therefore, in this embodiment, the degree of deterioration of the catalyst 32 is diagnosed by measuring the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst 32.
- the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst 32 is represented by the size of an oxygen storage capacity (OSC: Oxygen Storage Capacity) that is the maximum amount of oxygen that can be stored by the current catalyst 32.
- OSC Oxygen Storage Capacity
- the active air-fuel ratio control is a control in which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr is forcibly changed alternately between the rich side and the lean side with respect to a predetermined center air-fuel ratio A / Fc.
- the air-fuel ratio when changed to the rich side is referred to as rich air-fuel ratio A / Fr
- the air-fuel ratio when changed to the lean side is referred to as lean air-fuel ratio A / Fl.
- the deterioration detection of the catalyst 32 is usually executed at least once per trip of the internal combustion engine 10.
- a final diagnosis that the catalyst 32 is abnormal is made, and a warning device such as a check lamp is activated.
- One trip means a period from start to stop of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the outputs of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 and the post-catalyst sensor 42 when the active air-fuel ratio control is executed are indicated by solid lines.
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft set by the ECU 50 is indicated by a broken line.
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is centered on the theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs as the center air-fuel ratio, and then has a predetermined amplitude (rich amplitude Ar, Ar> 0) on the rich side.
- a predetermined amplitude rich amplitude Ar, Ar> 0
- an air-fuel ratio rich air-fuel ratio A / Fr
- an air-fuel ratio lean air-fuel ratio A / Fl
- the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr is also switched with a time delay with respect to the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft.
- This time delay is a stroke delay which is a time until the working gas of the internal combustion engine 10 is exhausted through the intake stroke, the compression stroke, the expansion stroke and the exhaust stroke, or the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 10 is a pre-catalyst sensor. It is composed of transportation delay, which is the time to reach 40.
- the timing at which the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is switched is the timing at which the output of the post-catalyst sensor 42 switches from rich to lean, or from lean to rich. As described above, the output voltage of the post-catalyst sensor 42 changes suddenly at the theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs.
- the output voltage of the post-catalyst sensor 42 is equal to or higher than the rich determination value VR when the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr is the rich air-fuel ratio smaller than the theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs, and the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr is When the air-fuel ratio on the lean side is larger than the theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs, the lean determination value VL or less is obtained.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC of the catalyst 32 is measured while executing the active air-fuel ratio control for changing the air-fuel ratio, and the deterioration of the catalyst 32 is determined.
- the active air-fuel ratio control will be further described.
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is set to the lean air-fuel ratio A / F1, and the lean gas flows into the catalyst 32.
- the catalyst 32 continues to absorb oxygen, but when it fully absorbs oxygen, it can no longer absorb oxygen, and the lean gas flows through the catalyst 32 and flows downstream of the catalyst 32.
- the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr changes to the lean side, and when the output voltage of the post-catalyst sensor 42 reaches the lean determination value VL (t1), the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft becomes the rich air-fuel ratio A / Fr. Can be switched to.
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft is reversed with the output of the post-catalyst sensor 42 as a trigger.
- the rich gas flows into the catalyst 32.
- the catalyst 32 continues to release the oxygen that has been occluded.
- exhaust gas having a theoretical air-fuel ratio A / Fs flows out downstream of the catalyst 32. Therefore, since the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr does not become rich, the output of the post-catalyst sensor 42 is not reversed. If oxygen is continuously released from the catalyst 32, the oxygen stored in the catalyst 32 is eventually exhausted. At this point, oxygen is no longer released, so that the rich gas passes through the catalyst 32 and flows out downstream of the catalyst 32.
- the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft becomes the lean air-fuel ratio A / Fr when the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr changes to the rich side and the output voltage of the post-catalyst sensor 42 reaches the rich determination value VR (t2). It is switched to Fl.
- the larger the oxygen storage capacity OSC the longer the time during which oxygen can be absorbed or released. That is, when the catalyst 32 is not deteriorated, the inversion cycle of the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft (for example, the time from t1 to t2) becomes long. On the other hand, as the catalyst 32 deteriorates, the inversion cycle of the target air-fuel ratio A / Ft becomes shorter.
- FIG. 3 is the same diagram as FIG.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC is from time t11 when exhaust gas having a rich air-fuel ratio starts to flow into the catalyst 32 in a state where oxygen is fully stored, to time t2 when the post-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Frr changes to the rich side. It can be said that it is equal to the amount of oxygen released in the meantime. Therefore, the oxygen storage capacity OSC1 can be calculated by integrating the oxygen release amount dC for each minute time calculated by the following equation (1) from time t11 to time t2.
- the deterioration determination of the catalyst 32 may be performed using the oxygen storage capacity OSC1 calculated by one calculation.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC2 is similarly calculated on the lean side.
- the calculation may be repeated a plurality of times on the rich side and the lean side as necessary. In this case, the final deterioration determination is performed by comparing those average values with a predetermined deterioration determination value.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC2 calculated on the lean side is determined from the time t21 when the lean air-fuel ratio exhaust gas starts to flow into the catalyst 32 in a state where oxygen is exhausted completely. It can be said that it is equal to the amount of oxygen absorbed until time t3 when the fuel ratio A / Frr changes to the lean side. Therefore, the oxygen storage capacity OSC2 can be calculated by integrating the oxygen absorption amount dC for each minute time calculated by the above equation (1) from time t21 to time t3.
- the timing at which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr changes from lean to rich (time t11) and the timing at which it changes from rich to lean (time t21) are accurately detected. It is important to. This is because if the detection of these timings is not accurate, an error occurs in the time during which the dC is integrated, so that the accurate oxygen storage capacity OSC cannot be calculated.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows changes in the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 after the target air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10 is switched in both cases where the waste gate valve 38 is closed and in the case where it is opened.
- FIG. 4 the case where the target air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10 is switched from rich to lean will be described as an example, but the same applies when the target air-fuel ratio is switched from lean to rich.
- the thick solid line in the lower graph of FIG. 4 shows the change in the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 in which the target air-fuel ratio is changed from rich to lean with the waste gate valve 38 open.
- the sensor output change period becomes longer than when the waste gate valve 38 is closed.
- the exhaust gas discharged from each cylinder of the internal combustion engine 10 passes through the turbine 241 and reaches the pre-catalyst sensor 40, and the waste gate valve 38 (the waste gate 34). Or it passes through 36) and reaches the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- a broken line in the lower graph of FIG. 4 indicates a sensor before catalyst when it is assumed that only the former exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas that has passed through the turbine 241 (hereinafter referred to as “turbine passing gas”) is in contact with the catalyst before sensor 40.
- 40 shows the change in output.
- the change in the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 in this case is the same as when the waste gate valve 38 is closed (upper graph in FIG. 4).
- the thin solid line in the lower graph of FIG. 4 shows the catalyst when it is assumed that only exhaust gas that has passed through the waste gate valve 38 (hereinafter referred to as “waste gate passage gas”) has contacted the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the change of the output of the front sensor 40 is shown. Since it takes time for the turbine passing gas to pass through the turbine 241, it is slower to reach the pre-catalyst sensor 40 than the waste gate passing gas. In other words, the waste gate passing gas reaches the pre-catalyst sensor 40 earlier than the turbine passing gas. For this reason, in the graph of FIG. 4, the thin solid line wave is shifted before the broken line wave.
- the waste gate valve 38 When the waste gate valve 38 is open, actually, a gas in which the turbine passing gas and the waste gate passing gas are mixed contacts the pre-catalyst sensor 40. Therefore, the actual output of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 is intermediate between the output from the turbine passing gas (broken line) and the output from the waste gate passing gas (thin solid line) as shown by the thick solid line in the lower graph of FIG. become. As a result, the sensor output change period is extended as compared with the case where the waste gate valve 38 is closed.
- the example shown in FIG. 4 is an example in which the ratio of the gas passing through the turbine and the gas passing through the waste gate is 50:50, and both are mixed uniformly and contact the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the sensor output change period is longer than when the waste gate valve 38 is closed, and the output change amount of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 per unit time. Becomes smaller. That is, the responsiveness of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 is apparently reduced. For this reason, when the oxygen storage capacity OSC is measured, it is difficult to accurately detect the timing at which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr changes from lean to rich, or the timing at which it changes from rich to lean.
- the ratio of the gas passing through the turbine and the gas passing through the wastegate is 50:50, and both are mixed uniformly and contact the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the ratio of the passing gas and the waste gate passing gas varies variously, and the turbine passing gas and the waste gate passing gas are not uniformly mixed before reaching the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the waveform of the output of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 when the waste gate valve 38 is open varies irregularly depending on the time. As a result, when the waste gate valve 38 is open, it becomes more difficult to accurately detect the timing at which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr changes from lean to rich and the timing from rich to lean. .
- the change timing of the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr can be accurately detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 40 when measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC. This makes it difficult to accurately measure the oxygen storage capacity OSC.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the present embodiment in order to realize the above function.
- the routine shown in FIG. 5 it is first determined whether or not control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is required (step 100).
- the deterioration detection of the catalyst 32 is normally executed once per trip of the internal combustion engine 10.
- this step 100 if the detection of deterioration of the catalyst 32 has not yet been completed in the current trip, and if a predetermined condition such as the warming up of the internal combustion engine 10 has been satisfied, It is determined that control for measuring the storage capacity OSC is required. On the other hand, if not, it is determined that control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is not required.
- step 100 If it is determined in step 100 that control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is required, a command to close the waste gate valve 38 is issued to the actuator of the waste gate valve 38 (Ste 102). By this command, after the waste gate valve 38 is closed, control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is executed (step 104). That is, in step 104, the active air-fuel ratio control described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3 is executed, and the oxygen storage capacity OSC is measured.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC when the oxygen storage capacity OSC needs to be measured, the oxygen storage capacity OSC can be measured with the waste gate valve 38 closed. For this reason, the oxygen storage capacity OSC can be accurately measured. Therefore, the deterioration of the catalyst 32 can be determined with high accuracy.
- the waste gate valve 38 When measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC, it is most desirable to fully close the waste gate valve 38. However, in the present invention, there is a problem in accurately detecting the change timing of the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr. If the opening is small enough, the waste gate valve 38 may be opened. That is, in the present invention, a threshold value of the waste gate valve opening is set so that there is no problem in accurately detecting the change timing of the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr. You may control so that an opening degree will be less than the predetermined threshold value. Even in this case, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- Examples of the air-fuel ratio change detection control other than the control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC include control for diagnosing a decrease in responsiveness due to deterioration of the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the pre-catalyst sensor 40 deteriorates, the responsiveness (output level, response speed, etc.) gradually decreases. Therefore, the air-fuel ratio (for example, the combustion air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10) on the upstream side of the turbine 241 and the waste gate valve 38 is changed (abruptly changed) stepwise, and the change in the air-fuel ratio is detected by the pre-catalyst sensor 40.
- the deterioration of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 can be determined based on whether or not the output level and response speed at that time satisfy a predetermined reference value.
- the change imparted to the air-fuel ratio upstream of the turbine 241 and the waste gate valve 38 is not necessarily a change between an air-fuel ratio richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio and an air-fuel ratio leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. May be. That is, the air-fuel ratio may be changed stepwise within a range richer than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (or within a range leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio).
- the pre-catalyst sensor 40 corresponds to the “exhaust gas sensor” in the first invention.
- the “air-fuel ratio change detection control means” in the first to third aspects of the present invention is realized by the ECU 50 executing the processing of steps 102 and 104 described above.
- Embodiment 2 the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The description will focus on the differences from the first embodiment described above, and the same matters will be described. Simplify or omit.
- the waste gate valve 38 is passively opened and closed according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine 10.
- the waste gate valve 38 of this embodiment is configured to be opened and closed by a balance between the force of the supercharging pressure exerted on the diaphragm and the force of the spring, for example. That is, when the supercharging pressure is smaller than the specified value, the waste gate valve 38 is closed by the spring force. On the other hand, when the supercharging pressure exceeds the specified value, the force exerted by the diaphragm overcomes the spring force and the waste gate valve 38 opens.
- FIG. 6 is a map showing an operating area and a non-operating area of the waste gate valve 38.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a routine executed by the ECU 50 in the present embodiment in order to realize the above function.
- the same steps as those shown in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted or simplified.
- step 100 it is first determined whether or not control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is required. If it is determined that the control is required, it is next determined whether or not the current operating condition of the internal combustion engine 10 is within the waste gate valve non-operation region (step 106). This determination is made based on the load and engine speed of the internal combustion engine 10 and the map shown in FIG.
- step 106 If it is determined in step 106 that the operating condition is not within the waste gate valve non-operation area, that is, within the waste gate valve operation area, the waste gate valve 38 can be determined to be currently open. . In this case, it can be determined that the oxygen storage capacity OSC cannot be accurately measured. Therefore, in this case, this routine is terminated without executing the measurement of the oxygen storage capacity OSC.
- step 106 determines that the operating condition is within the waste gate valve non-operation region. In this case, it is possible to accurately measure the oxygen storage capacity OSC. Therefore, in this case, control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC is executed (step 104). That is, the above-described active air-fuel ratio control is executed, and the oxygen storage capacity OSC is measured.
- the oxygen storage capacity OSC in an operating condition in which it can be determined that the waste gate valve 38 is open, measurement of the oxygen storage capacity OSC is prohibited, and an operation in which it can be determined that the waste gate valve 38 is closed. Measurement of the oxygen storage capacity OSC can be permitted only under the condition. For this reason, the measurement of the oxygen storage capacity OSC is always executed when the waste gate valve 38 is closed. Therefore, the oxygen storage capacity OSC can be accurately measured, and deterioration of the catalyst 32 can be determined with high accuracy.
- the “open / close state determination means” and the “prohibition means” according to the fourth aspect of the present invention are implemented by the ECU 50 executing the routine shown in FIG.
- Embodiment 3 the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9.
- the description will focus on differences from the above-described embodiment, and the description of the same matters will be simplified. Or omit.
- the hardware configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, as shown in FIG. That is, the internal combustion engine 10 of this embodiment is an in-line four-cylinder type having four cylinders # 1 to # 4, the explosion order is # 1 ⁇ # 3 ⁇ # 4 ⁇ # 2, and the explosion interval is 180. ° CA (crank angle).
- the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine 10 of this embodiment is divided into the first exhaust manifold 26 and the second exhaust manifold 28 as described above.
- the first exhaust manifold 26 joins the exhaust gases of the # 1 and # 4 cylinders
- the second exhaust manifold 28 joins the exhaust gases of the # 2 and # 3 cylinders.
- the pipe length of the first exhaust manifold 26 is longer than the pipe length of the second exhaust manifold 28. Therefore, the volume of the first exhaust manifold 26 is larger than the volume of the second exhaust manifold 28. For this reason, the time required for the exhaust gas discharged from the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder to flow into the turbine 241 through the first exhaust manifold 26 is the exhaust gas discharged from the # 2 cylinder and the # 3 cylinder. Becomes longer than the time required to pass through the second exhaust manifold 28 and flow into the turbine 241.
- the time required for the exhaust gas discharged from the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder to reach the pre-catalyst sensor 40 is the time required for the exhaust gas discharged from the # 2 cylinder and # 3 cylinder to reach the pre-catalyst sensor 40. It takes longer than the time it takes to complete. In this embodiment, it is assumed that this time difference is 360 ° CA.
- turbine upstream volume the volume of the exhaust passage upstream of the turbine 241 for each cylinder.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams schematically showing the behavior of the exhaust gas when the air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10 is switched from lean to rich.
- white cells represent lean air-fuel ratio exhaust gas
- hatched cells represent rich air-fuel ratio exhaust gas.
- the left figure represents the behavior of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber
- the right figure represents the behavior of the exhaust gas at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40. In the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40, the exhaust gas from each cylinder is actually mixed, that is, the exhaust gas indicated by the cells arranged in the vertical direction in the drawing is mixed.
- the time required for the exhaust gas discharged from the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder to reach the pre-catalyst sensor 40 is the time required for the exhaust gas discharged from the # 2 cylinder and the # 3 cylinder to be the pre-catalyst sensor 40. 360 ° CA later than the time required to reach Therefore, the behavior of the exhaust gas at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 shows that the exhaust gas of the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder is compared to the exhaust gas of the # 2 cylinder and the # 3 cylinder compared with the behavior in the combustion chamber. The state is delayed by two squares in the figure.
- FIG. 8 shows the case where the air-fuel ratio of the # 1 cylinder is first switched, that is, the fuel injection amount is first changed by the fuel injector 16 of the # 1 cylinder.
- the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber of each cylinder is first switched from lean to rich in the # 1 cylinder, as shown in the diagram on the left side of FIG. 8, and then the # 3 cylinder, # 4 cylinder, # 2
- the cylinder switches from lean to rich at intervals of 180 ° CA in the order of cylinders.
- the period until the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 switches from lean to rich (hereinafter referred to as “A / F change period”) is as shown in the right side of FIG. 540 ° CA.
- FIG. 9 shows the case where the air-fuel ratio of the # 3 cylinder is first switched, that is, the case where the fuel injection amount is first changed by the fuel injector 16 of the # 3 cylinder.
- the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber of each cylinder is first switched from lean to rich in the # 3 cylinder as shown in the diagram on the left side of FIG. 9, and then the # 4 cylinder, # 2 cylinder, # 1
- the cylinder switches from lean to rich at intervals of 180 ° CA in the order of cylinders.
- the A / F change period at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 is 900 ° CA as shown in the diagram on the right side of FIG.
- the turbine upstream volume is small # 3.
- the A / F change period at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 can be shortened compared to the case where the air-fuel ratio is first switched in the cylinder (or # 2 cylinder). If the A / F change period at the position of the pre-catalyst sensor 40 can be shortened, the pre-catalyst sensor 40 detects the timing at which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr changes from lean to rich, or the timing from change to rich. Accuracy can be improved.
- the air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10 when the air-fuel ratio of the internal combustion engine 10 is alternately switched between rich and lean in the active air-fuel ratio control for measuring the oxygen storage capacity OSC, it is first performed in the # 1 cylinder (or # 4 cylinder).
- the air-fuel ratio is switched to Accordingly, the timing at which the pre-catalyst air-fuel ratio A / Ffr changes from lean to rich and the timing from rich to lean can be detected with higher accuracy, so that the oxygen storage capacity OSC can be measured more accurately. Can do.
- the # 1 cylinder and the # 4 cylinder have the same upstream upstream volume
- the # 2 cylinder and the # 3 cylinder have the same upstream upstream volume.
- the air-fuel ratio of the cylinder having the largest turbine upstream volume may be switched first.
- This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except for the points described above, and thus further description is omitted.
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Abstract
Description
内燃機関の排気エネルギにより作動するタービンと、吸気ガスを圧縮するコンプレッサとを有するターボチャージャと、
前記タービンをバイパスして排気ガスを通すウェイストゲートと、
前記ウェイストゲートを開閉するウェイストゲート弁と、
前記タービンおよび前記ウェイストゲート弁より下流側の排気通路に設置された排気ガスセンサと、
前記タービンおよび前記ウェイストゲート弁より上流側における空燃比を変化させ、前記排気ガスセンサによって空燃比の変化を検出する空燃比変化検出制御を実行する空燃比変化検出制御手段と、
を備え、
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が所定値未満になっている状態のときに前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行することを特徴とする。
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が全閉になっている状態のときに前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行することを特徴とする。
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行する前に前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が前記所定値未満になるように前記ウェイストゲート弁を制御する手段を含むことを特徴とする。
前記ウェイストゲート弁の開閉状態を判定する開閉状態判定手段と、
前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が前記所定値以上であると前記開閉状態判定手段により判定された場合には、前記空燃比変化検出制御の実行を禁止する禁止手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記空燃比変化検出制御は、前記排気ガスセンサまたは排気浄化触媒を診断するための制御であることを特徴とする。
前記内燃機関は、複数の気筒を有し、
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、各気筒の空燃比を変化させる際、前記タービンの上流側の排気通路の容積が最も大きい気筒の空燃比を最初に変化させることを特徴とする。
12 吸気弁
14 排気弁
16 燃料インジェクタ
18 吸気マニホールド
20 吸気通路
22 スロットル弁
24 ターボチャージャ
241 タービン
242 コンプレッサ
26 第1排気マニホールド
28 第2排気マニホールド
30 排気通路
32 触媒
34,36 ウェイストゲート
38 ウェイストゲート弁
40 触媒前センサ
42 触媒後センサ
44 エンジン回転数センサ
46 エアフローメータ
48 アクセルポジションセンサ
50 ECU
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1のシステム構成を説明するための図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態のシステムは、動力源として車両に搭載された内燃機関10を備えている。本実施形態の内燃機関10は、#1~#4の4つの気筒を有する直列4気筒型のものである。爆発順序は、#1→#3→#4→#2である。なお、本発明では、気筒数および気筒配置は、これに限定されるものではない。
ここで、Qは燃料噴射量であり、Kは空気に含まれる酸素割合(約0.23)である。
図5は、上記の機能を実現するために本実施形態においてECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。図5に示すルーチンによれば、まず、酸素吸蔵容量OSCを測定するための制御が要求されているか否かが判定される(ステップ100)。触媒32の劣化検出は、通常、内燃機関10の1トリップ当たりに1回実行される。このステップ100では、今回のトリップで触媒32の劣化検出がまだ終了しておらず、且つ、内燃機関10の暖機が完了している等の所定の条件が成立している場合には、酸素吸蔵容量OSCを測定するための制御が要求されているものと判定される。一方、そうでない場合には、酸素吸蔵容量OSCを測定するための制御が要求されていないと判定される。
次に、図6および図7を参照して、本発明の実施の形態2について説明するが、上述した実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、同様の事項については、その説明を簡略化または省略する。
図7は、上記の機能を実現するために本実施形態においてECU50が実行するルーチンのフローチャートである。なお、図7において、図5に示すステップと同一のステップには、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略または簡略化する。
次に、図8および図9を参照して、本発明の実施の形態3について説明するが、上述した実施の形態との相違点を中心に説明し、同様の事項については、その説明を簡略化または省略する。本実施形態のハードウェア構成は、前述した実施の形態1と同様であり、図1に示す通りである。すなわち、本実施形態の内燃機関10は、#1~#4の4つの気筒を有する直列4気筒型のものであり、爆発順序は#1→#3→#4→#2、爆発間隔は180°CA(クランク角度)である。
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関の排気エネルギにより作動するタービンと、吸気ガスを圧縮するコンプレッサとを有するターボチャージャと、
前記タービンをバイパスして排気ガスを通すウェイストゲートと、
前記ウェイストゲートを開閉するウェイストゲート弁と、
前記タービンおよび前記ウェイストゲート弁より下流側の排気通路に設置された排気ガスセンサと、
前記タービンおよび前記ウェイストゲート弁より上流側における空燃比を変化させ、前記排気ガスセンサによって空燃比の変化を検出する空燃比変化検出制御を実行する空燃比変化検出制御手段と、
を備え、
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が所定値未満になっている状態のときに前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行することを特徴とする内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が全閉になっている状態のときに前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行することを特徴とする請求項1記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、前記空燃比変化検出制御を実行する前に前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が前記所定値未満になるように前記ウェイストゲート弁を制御する手段を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記ウェイストゲート弁の開閉状態を判定する開閉状態判定手段と、
前記ウェイストゲート弁の開度が前記所定値以上であると前記開閉状態判定手段により判定された場合には、前記空燃比変化検出制御の実行を禁止する禁止手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の内燃機関の制御装置。 - 前記空燃比変化検出制御は、前記排気ガスセンサまたは排気浄化触媒を診断するための制御であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
- 前記内燃機関は、複数の気筒を有し、
前記空燃比変化検出制御手段は、各気筒の空燃比を変化させる際、前記タービンの上流側の排気通路の容積が最も大きい気筒の空燃比を最初に変化させることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の何れか1項記載の内燃機関の制御装置。
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EP08878258.6A EP2348213B1 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | Control device for internal combustion engine |
PCT/JP2008/071041 WO2010058461A1 (ja) | 2008-11-19 | 2008-11-19 | 内燃機関の制御装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2348213A4 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
JP4952847B2 (ja) | 2012-06-13 |
US9027539B2 (en) | 2015-05-12 |
EP2348213B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
US20110126812A1 (en) | 2011-06-02 |
JPWO2010058461A1 (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
EP2348213A1 (en) | 2011-07-27 |
CN102132025A (zh) | 2011-07-20 |
CN102132025B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
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