WO2010044422A1 - 窒化物系半導体発光素子、窒化物系半導体発光素子を作製する方法、及び発光装置 - Google Patents
窒化物系半導体発光素子、窒化物系半導体発光素子を作製する方法、及び発光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010044422A1 WO2010044422A1 PCT/JP2009/067782 JP2009067782W WO2010044422A1 WO 2010044422 A1 WO2010044422 A1 WO 2010044422A1 JP 2009067782 W JP2009067782 W JP 2009067782W WO 2010044422 A1 WO2010044422 A1 WO 2010044422A1
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/22—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/16—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular crystal structure or orientation, e.g. polycrystalline, amorphous or porous
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor light emitting device, a method for producing a nitride semiconductor light emitting device, And a light-emitting device.
- Patent Document 1 describes a light emitting device and a method for mounting a light emitting element.
- the substrate (light-emitting translucent surface) end and the lead frame die pad are partially fixed, or the substrate peripheral end and the lead frame die pad are fixed.
- a light emitting device mounted with a light emitting element emits generated light from the back side of the die pad.
- a multilayer reflective layer made of a nitride semiconductor is provided on the side opposite to the substrate of the light emitting layer.
- Patent Document 2 describes a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device. After growing the gallium nitride compound semiconductor on the sapphire substrate, the sapphire substrate is polished or peeled off. In this gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device, the back surface of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor becomes a non-mirror surface by etching. By removing the sapphire substrate, interference at the interface due to the difference in refractive index between sapphire and gallium nitride is eliminated. Further, light is irregularly reflected on the non-specular surface.
- Patent Document 3 describes a method for manufacturing a self-supporting gallium nitride single crystal substrate. By improving the degree of adhesion to the substrate holder and reducing the warpage of the GaN free-standing substrate, the yield rate of nitride semiconductor devices is improved.
- the surface (Ga surface) of the substrate is polished to a mirror surface, and the back surface (N surface) is lapped and then etched to finish the arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the back surface (N surface) is in surface contact with the substrate holder of the vapor phase growth apparatus.
- the alternately arranged GaN layers and AlGaN layers constitute a multilayer reflection film, and an active layer is located between the multilayer reflection film and the substrate. For this reason, the light from the active layer is emitted from the back surface of the substrate.
- Patent Document 2 in order to avoid light reflection due to a difference in refractive index at the interface between a gallium nitride-based epitaxial stack and a sapphire substrate, the back surface of the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor is exposed by removing the sapphire substrate. The exposed gallium nitride compound semiconductor surface of the epitaxial film becomes a non-mirror surface by etching.
- Patent Document 3 improves the yield rate of nitride semiconductor elements by improving the degree of adhesion with the substrate holder and reducing the warpage of the GaN free-standing substrate. For this reason, after the back surface (N surface) is wrapped, it is etched to finish the arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the above technology relates to a light emitting device using a sapphire substrate or a light emitting device using a c-plane GaN substrate. These are different from a light emitting device using a GaN substrate inclined from the c-plane. Even in the surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element on the semipolar plane, excellent light extraction efficiency is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent light extraction efficiency, and to provide a method for manufacturing the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device. It aims at providing the light-emitting device containing this.
- This nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device includes (a) a support base made of a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and having a main surface and a back surface, (b) a p-type gallium nitride-based semiconductor region, an active layer, and an n-type gallium nitride.
- the back surface of the support base is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to a reference axis extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, and the surface of the back surface
- the morphology has a plurality of protrusions protruding in the direction of the reference axis, and the active layer is provided between the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region,
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region, the active layer, and the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region are arranged in a predetermined axis direction on the main surface of the support base, and the predetermined axis direction is the front direction. Different from the direction of the reference axis.
- the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region and the active layer are mounted on the main surface of the support base.
- the back surface of the support base is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the reference axis extending along the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of the predetermined axis is different from the direction of the reference axis. Therefore, the light component from the active layer toward the substrate is irregularly reflected by the back surface and changes its traveling direction.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element Since the surface morphology on the back surface has a plurality of protrusions protruding in the direction of the reference axis, irregular reflection occurs efficiently on the back surface, and light does not disappear while being confined in the substrate support and the semiconductor stack. Therefore, the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element has excellent light extraction efficiency.
- the main surface of the support base is 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, and the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface of the support base is inclined with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. And at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface of the support base is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface of the support substrate may be inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface of the support base is inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface of the support substrate may be inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface of the support base is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface of the support substrate may be inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface of the support base is inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface of the support substrate may be inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the top of the protrusion can have a hexagonal pyramid shape.
- the top of the protrusion is hexagonal pyramid shaped, so that light is reflected by the construction surface of the hexagonal pyramid.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the back surface can be not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 10 micrometers.
- a surface roughness that is too small contributes little to extraction efficiency due to diffused light reflection.
- An excessively large surface roughness has a small contribution to the extraction efficiency due to diffused light reflection.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device can further include a first electrode provided on the semiconductor stack and a second electrode provided on the back surface of the support base. According to this nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device, one electrical connection can be made to the semiconductor stack via the first electrode, and the other electrical connection can be made to the back surface of the substrate via the second electrode.
- the semiconductor stack has an exposed region in which a part of either the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region or the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region is exposed. .
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element includes a first electrode provided on the exposed region, and on the other of the p-type gallium nitride-based semiconductor region and the n-type gallium nitride-based semiconductor region in the semiconductor stack. And a second electrode provided.
- the active layer may be provided to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 350 nm or more and 650 nm or less. According to this nitride semiconductor light emitting device, light in the above wavelength range can be diffusely reflected.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device In the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, light from the active layer is emitted from the upper surface of the semiconductor stack. According to this nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device, improvement in the diffuse reflectance on the back surface leads to improvement in light extraction efficiency from the top surface. In the nitride semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention, light from the active layer is emitted from the back surface of the semiconductor stack. According to this nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device, the improvement in the diffuse reflectance on the back surface leads to an improvement in the light extraction efficiency from the back surface.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for producing a surface-emitting nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device.
- a substrate product including a substrate having a main surface and a back surface and a semiconductor stack provided on the main surface of the substrate; and (b) the substrate in the substrate product.
- the substrate is made of a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, and the back surface of the substrate is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to a reference axis extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the semiconductor stack Projecting in the direction of the reference axis, the semiconductor stack includes a p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, an n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, and an active layer, and the active layer is the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region And the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, and the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region, and the active layer have a predetermined axis on the main surface of the substrate. The direction of the predetermined axis is different from the direction of the reference axis.
- the surface to be processed can be formed on the back surface of the substrate by etching the back surface of the substrate.
- the surface to be processed has a surface morphology having a plurality of protrusions.
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region, the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region, and the active layer are mounted in the direction of a predetermined axis on the main surface of the support base. Further, the back surface of the support base is inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference axis extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. Further, the direction of the predetermined axis is different from the direction of the reference axis.
- the light component from the active layer toward the substrate is irregularly reflected by the back surface and changes its traveling direction. Since the surface morphology on the back surface has a plurality of protrusions protruding in the direction of the reference axis, the back surface irregularly reflects incident light. Therefore, a method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent light extraction efficiency is provided.
- the back surface of the substrate may be inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of the inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the method according to the present invention may further comprise the step of grinding the back surface of the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer to form the substrate of the substrate product.
- a substrate having a desired thickness can be obtained by grinding.
- a to-be-processed surface can be formed by performing an etching process on the ground back surface.
- the surface to be processed can be formed by wet etching.
- wet etching can be used to form a plurality of protrusions.
- the surface to be treated can be formed with an alkaline solution.
- a plurality of protrusions can be formed using an alkaline solution.
- the top of the protrusion has a hexagonal pyramid shape. According to this method, since the top part of the projection is a hexagonal pyramid, light is reflected by the construction surface of the hexagonal pyramid.
- the arithmetic mean roughness of the back surface may be not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 10 micrometers.
- a surface roughness that is too small contributes little to extraction efficiency due to diffused light reflection.
- An excessively large surface roughness has a small contribution to the extraction efficiency due to diffused light reflection.
- the active layer may be provided to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 350 nm or more and 650 nm or less. According to this method, it is possible to achieve excellent light extraction efficiency with respect to light in the above wavelength range.
- the active layer may be provided to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm. According to this method, it is possible to achieve excellent light extraction efficiency with respect to light in the above wavelength range.
- the semiconductor stack has an exposed region in which a part of either the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region or the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region is exposed.
- a first electrode is formed on the exposed region
- a second electrode is formed on one of the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region in the semiconductor stack.
- a step of forming can be further provided.
- the method according to the present invention can further include a step of forming a first electrode on the surface to be processed of the substrate and a step of forming a second electrode on the semiconductor stack. According to this method, one electrical connection can be made via the second electrode, and the other electrical connection can be made via the electrode on the surface to be processed.
- one or a plurality of p-type gallium nitride semiconductor layers, one or a plurality of n-type gallium nitride semiconductor layers and an active layer are grown on the main surface of the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer, and then epitaxially grown.
- the method may further include a step of forming a wafer and a step of etching the epitaxial wafer to form a semiconductor stack.
- the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer, the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer, and the active layer are disposed in a predetermined axis direction on the main surface of the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer, and the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer
- the main surface is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the main surface of the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer has so-called semipolarity.
- the plurality of gallium nitride based semiconductors grown on the semipolar plane are arranged in the direction of a predetermined axis.
- the maximum value of the distance between two points on the edge of the wafer may be 45 millimeters or more. This method can be applied to a large-diameter wafer.
- a light-emitting device includes a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element according to any one of the above forms, and a support having a support surface that supports the back surface of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element, The nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element and a resin body that is provided on the support and seals the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element. Light from the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element passes through the resin body. According to this light emitting device, it is possible to increase the luminance directly above.
- the surface of the resin body may include a first portion that contacts the support and a second portion that is exposed without contacting the support. it can. According to this light emitting device, the first portion is in contact with the support, and the second portion is exposed without being in contact with the support. Therefore, the resin body does not include a reflector separate from the support body.
- a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element having excellent light extraction efficiency is provided. Further, according to another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing this nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device is provided. Furthermore, according to still another aspect of the present invention, a light emitting device including the nitride semiconductor light emitting element is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing connections for measuring EL characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for
- FIG. 6 is a drawing showing EL characteristics in an LED structure manufactured using a GaN wafer with an off-state and EL characteristics in an LED structure manufactured using a c-plane GaN wafer.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of a GaN substrate with OFF.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface of a GaN substrate obtained by subjecting a GaN substrate having a main surface inclined at an angle of 75 degrees from the c + axis in the m-axis direction to a back surface roughness by alkali etching.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of a GaN substrate with OFF.
- FIG. 8 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface of a GaN substrate obtained by subjecting a GaN substrate having a main surface inclined at an angle of 75 degrees from the c + axis in the m-
- FIG. 9 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface of a GaN substrate obtained by subjecting the GaN substrate having a main surface inclined in the a-axis direction at an angle of 58 degrees from the c + axis to the back surface roughness by alkali etching.
- FIG. 10 shows an SEM image of the back surface of a GaN substrate in which a GaN substrate having a main surface inclined at an angle of 68 degrees from the c + axis in a direction rotated by an angle from the a-axis direction to the m-axis direction is subjected to back surface roughness by alkali etching. It is drawing which shows.
- FIG. 11 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of the m-plane GaN substrate.
- FIG. 12 is a drawing showing an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of the c-plane GaN substrate.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing showing another structure of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a drawing showing still another structure of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a drawing showing the relationship between the angle formed between the normal line of the main surface of the GaN substrate and the c-axis and the In composition in InGaN growth under the same growth conditions.
- FIG. 15 is a drawing showing the relationship between the angle formed between the normal line of the main surface of the GaN substrate and the c-axis and the In composition in InGaN growth under the same growth conditions.
- FIG. 16 is a drawing schematically showing an electrode forming process and a back surface roughness process.
- FIG. 17 is a view showing an LED structure in which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are formed on the epi surface, and an LED structure in which the anode electrode is formed on the epi surface and the cathode electrode is formed on a part of the back surface.
- FIG. 18 is a drawing showing a configuration of a light emitting device including a nitride semiconductor light emitting element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing schematically showing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 11 includes a support base 13 and a semiconductor stack 15.
- the support base 13 is made of a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and has a main surface 13a and a back surface 13b.
- the semiconductor stack 15 includes an n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17, an active layer 19, and a p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21.
- the active layer 19 is provided between the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21 and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17.
- the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 17, the active layer 19, and the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 21 are mounted on the main surface 13a of the support base 13, and the direction of a predetermined axis Ax orthogonal to the main surface 13a. Is arranged.
- the back surface 13b of the support base 13 is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the reference axis extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the c-axis direction is indicated by a vector VC in FIG.
- the surface morphology M of the back surface 13b has a plurality of protrusions 23 that protrude in the direction of the ⁇ 000-1> axis.
- the direction of the predetermined axis Ax is different from the direction of the reference axis (the direction of the vector VC).
- the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21, the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17, and the active layer 19 are on the main surface 13 a of the support base 13 in the direction of the predetermined axis Ax.
- the back surface 13b of the support base 13 is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the reference axis indicated by the vector VC.
- the direction of the predetermined axis Ax is different from the direction of the vector VC. Therefore, the light component LB from the active layer 19 toward the substrate 13 is irregularly reflected by the back surface 13b and changes its traveling direction.
- the reflected light LR is provided from the emission surface together with the light component LF that goes directly from the active layer 19 to the emission surface.
- the emitted light L is shown. Since the surface morphology M of the back surface 13b has a plurality of protrusions 23 that protrude in the direction opposite to the vector VC, the back surface 13b exhibits excellent irregular reflectance. Therefore, the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 11 has excellent light extraction efficiency.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element 11 is a surface light-emitting element, and light LB and LF from the active layer 19 are emitted from the upper surface 15 a of the semiconductor stack 15. Improvement of the irregular reflection performance of the back surface 13b leads to improvement of light extraction efficiency from the top surface 15a. Further, the light LB and LF from the active layer 19 can be emitted from the back surface 13b of the substrate. Improvement of the irregular reflection performance of the back surface 13b leads to an improvement in light extraction efficiency from the substrate back surface 13b.
- the back surface 13b of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle ⁇ in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. it can.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion 23 is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the substrate back surface 13b has higher irregular reflectivity than the mirror-polished back surface.
- the main surface 13a of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the active layer 19 is formed on the substrate main surface 13a exhibiting semipolarity, the influence of the piezoelectric field on the active layer 19 is smaller than that of the active layer on the c-plane. Furthermore, the angle formed by the predetermined axis Ax and the vector VC is not less than 10 degrees and not more than 80 degrees.
- the main surface 13a of the substrate 13 is 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and ⁇ 000-1> of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. It is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the axis. Further, the back surface 13b of the substrate 13 is 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. Inclined at an angle in the range of degrees or less. According to the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element 11, the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface 13 a of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, and the back surface of the substrate 13. 13b can be inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface 13 a of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, and the back surface of the substrate 13. 13b can be inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface 13a of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface 13b of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor can be inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the main surface 13a of the substrate 13 is inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the back surface 13b of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor can be inclined at an angle in the range of 55 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the direction of inclination of the protrusion is defined according to the inclination angle.
- the top of the protrusion 23 has a hexagonal pyramid shape. Since the top of the projection 23 is hexagonal, the light is reflected by the construction surface of the hexagonal pyramid.
- the arithmetic average roughness of the back surface 13b can be 1 micrometer or more. If the surface roughness is too small, the contribution to the extraction efficiency by diffused light reflection is small.
- the arithmetic average roughness of the back surface 13b can be 10 micrometers or less. An excessively large surface roughness contributes little to the extraction efficiency due to light reflection.
- FIG. 1 shows a c-plane Sc as a representative.
- the hexagonal crystal axis is indicated by the crystal coordinate system CR.
- the direction of the c-axis of the crystal coordinate system CR indicates the direction of the c-plane.
- the a-axis or m-axis is oriented in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis.
- an orthogonal coordinate system S is shown to show the structure of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element 11.
- the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17, the active layer 19, and the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21 are arranged on the main surface 13 a of the support base 13 in the Z-axis direction.
- the main surface 13a and the back surface 13b of the substrate 13 extend substantially parallel to a plane defined by the X axis and the Y axis. In a preferred embodiment, the main surface 13a is formed to be parallel to the back surface 13b.
- the first and second electrodes 27 and 29 are provided on the semiconductor structure 25 including the support base 13 and the semiconductor stack 15. Moreover, these electrodes 27 and 29 are an anode and a cathode.
- the semiconductor stack 15 of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element 11 includes a mesa region 15b and an exposed region 15c. In the exposed region 15 c, a part of either the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21 or the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17 is exposed.
- the second electrode 29 is provided on the exposed region 15 c, and the first electrode 27 is on the other of the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21 and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17 in the semiconductor stack 15.
- the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 17, the active layer 19, and the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21 are sequentially mounted on the support base 13, so that the second electrode 29 is an n-type gallium nitride.
- the first electrode 27 is connected to the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 21.
- the active layer 19 can have, for example, a bulk structure, a single quantum well structure, or a multiple quantum well structure.
- the active layer 19 can be provided so as to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 350 nm or more and 650 nm or less.
- the back surface 13b of the substrate 13 can diffusely reflect light in the above wavelength range.
- the active layer 19 can be made of GaN, InGaN, InAlGaN, or the like.
- the active layer 19 has a quantum well structure
- the active layer 19 has a well layer and a barrier layer.
- the active layer 19 can be provided so as to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 450 nm or more and 650 nm or less. Excellent light extraction efficiency can be achieved for light in the above wavelength range.
- the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 17 includes one or a plurality of gallium nitride based semiconductor layers (gallium nitride based semiconductor layers 31 and 33 in this embodiment).
- the gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 31 can be, for example, n-type GaN, n-type AlGaN, AlN, or the like, and provides n-type carriers (electrons) and serves as a contact layer for the cathode.
- the gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 33 can be, for example, n-type InGaN, InAlGaN, or the like, and serves as a buffer layer for the active layer.
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 21 includes one or a plurality of gallium nitride based semiconductor layers (gallium nitride based semiconductor layers 35 and 37 in this embodiment).
- the gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 35 can be, for example, p-type AlGaN, InAlGaN, or the like, and provides a barrier against n-type carriers (electrons).
- the gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 37 can be, for example, p-type AlGaN, p-type GaN, InGaN or the like, and provides p-type carriers (holes) and serves as a contact layer for the anode.
- the substrate 13 can have conductivity. If necessary, in the nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device 11, the first electrode 27 can be provided on the semiconductor stack 15, and the second electrode 29 can be provided on the back surface 13 b of the substrate 13. it can. According to this structure, the mesa region 15b and the exposed region 15c are unnecessary. Electrical connection to the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 21 is made via the first electrode 27 on the semiconductor stack 15, and electrical connection to the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 17 is made on the back surface 13 b of the substrate 13. Two electrodes 29 can be used.
- FIG 2, 3, and 4 are drawings showing main steps in the method of manufacturing the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to the present embodiment.
- a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor gallium nitride semiconductor wafer (hereinafter referred to as “GaN wafer”) 41 is prepared.
- the gallium nitride semiconductor wafer 41 has a main surface 41a and a back surface 41b.
- the main surface 41a of the GaN wafer 41 is inclined at an angle ⁇ in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the main surface 41a of the GaN wafer 41 has so-called semipolarity. Referring to FIG.
- a typical c-plane Sc is orthogonal to the reference axis Cx.
- the reference axis Cx is inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the normal vector VN.
- the maximum value of the distance between two points on the edge of the wafer 41 can be 45 millimeters or more, for example. It can be applied to large-diameter wafers.
- the main surface 41a of the substrate wafer 41 is 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and / or ⁇ 000-1 of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. > It is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees to 80 degrees with respect to the axis.
- the back surface 41b of the substrate wafer 41 is 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and 10 degrees with respect to the ⁇ 0001> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. It is inclined at an angle in the range of 80 degrees or more.
- step S102 After disposing the GaN wafer 41 in the growth furnace 10a, as shown in FIG. 2B, in step S102, a plurality of epitaxial films are grown on the main surface 41a of the GaN wafer 41 to form the epitaxial wafer E. To do. This growth is performed by, for example, a metal organic vapor phase growth method. After the thermal cleaning, first, an n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 43 is formed on the main surface 41a. An n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 45 is grown on the main surface 41a. An n-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer 47 is grown on the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer 45.
- the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 45 is made of, for example, GaN, AlGaN, AlN, and the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 47 is made of, for example, InGaN, GaN, AlGaN, or the like.
- an active layer 49 is formed on the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 47.
- barrier layers 49a and well layers 49b are alternately grown.
- the barrier layer 49a can be, for example, GaN, InGaN, InAlGaN, or the like
- the well layer 49b can be, for example, InGaN, InAlGaN, or the like.
- the active layer 49 can be provided so as to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 350 nm or more and 650 nm or less. Excellent light extraction efficiency can be achieved for light in this wavelength range. Further, the active layer 49 can be provided so as to have a peak wavelength in a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm. Excellent light extraction efficiency can be achieved for light in the above wavelength range.
- a p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 51 is formed on the active layer 49.
- a p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 53 is grown on the barrier layer 49 a of the active layer 49.
- a p-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer 55 is grown on the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor layer 53.
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 53 is made of, for example, AlGaN
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 55 is made of, for example, AlGaN, GaN, or the like.
- the epitaxial wafer E is obtained by these growths.
- a plurality of gallium nitride based semiconductor regions 43, 49, 51 are grown on the semipolar main surface 41a and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the main surface 41a.
- the epitaxial wafer E is taken out from the growth furnace 10a, if necessary, the epitaxial wafer E is etched to form a semiconductor stack 57 in step S103 as shown in FIG.
- the epitaxial wafer E is placed in the etching apparatus 10b. Dry etching (for example, reactive ion etching method) is performed using the etching apparatus 10b to form the substrate product P1.
- the substrate product P1 includes a semiconductor stack 57 in which a mesa portion 57a and an exposed region 57b are formed on the epitaxial wafer E.
- an n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 43c, an active layer 49c, and a p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor layer 51c are sequentially arranged in a direction perpendicular to the main surface 41a of the GaN wafer 41.
- the semiconductor stack 57 has an exposed region 57b in which a part of one of the gallium nitride based semiconductor regions 51c and 43c (in this embodiment, the n-type region 43c) is exposed. is doing.
- the first electrode 59 is formed on the exposed region 57b
- the second electrode is formed on the other of the gallium nitride based semiconductor regions 51c and 43c (p-type region 51c in this embodiment) of the semiconductor stack 57.
- the electrode 61 is formed.
- the electrode 61 includes a transparent electrode 61a formed on the surface of the semiconductor stack 57 and a pad electrode 61b formed on a part of the transparent electrode 61a.
- the metal film for the electrode is deposited using a film forming apparatus that performs sputtering or vapor deposition.
- the substrate product P2 is obtained through these steps.
- step S105 the substrate product P2 is annealed using the annealing apparatus 10c.
- step S106 the method according to the present invention grinds the back surface 41b of the GaN wafer 41 to form a ground GaN wafer 41d.
- the ground GaN wafer 41d is referred to as “substrate 41c”.
- the substrate 41c has a main surface 41a and a back surface 41d.
- the substrate 41d for the substrate product P3 is formed.
- Substrate product P3 includes substrate 41c and semiconductor stack 57 provided on main surface 41a. A substrate having a desired thickness can be obtained by grinding.
- the grinding is performed such that the back surface 41d of the substrate 41c is inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the reference axis Cx extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor. Further, the back surface 41d is substantially parallel to the main surface 41a.
- the calculated average roughness Ra after grinding is, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- a protective film 63 is formed on the semiconductor stack 57 of the substrate product P3.
- a substrate product P4 is prepared in step S107.
- the protective film 63 can be, for example, a resist film.
- the back surface 41d of the substrate 41c of the substrate product P4 is exposed.
- the back surface 41d of the substrate 41c is etched to form the surface to be processed 41e.
- the processed surface 41e has a surface morphology M W with a plurality of projections 65.
- the surface 41e to be processed can be formed by performing an etching process on the ground back surface 41d.
- the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 51c, the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 43c, and the active layer 49c are mounted on the main surface 41a of the substrate 41c, and are disposed in a disposition direction perpendicular to the main surface 41a. On the other hand, this arrangement direction is different from the direction of the reference axis.
- a protrusion 65 protrudes in the direction of the reference axis Cx.
- the to-be-processed surface 41e can be formed in the board
- the treated surface 41e has a surface morphology M W with a plurality of projections 65.
- the arrangement direction of the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 51c, the active layer 49c, and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 43c is different from the direction of the reference axis Cx.
- the protrusion 65 protrudes in a direction different from the arrangement direction. Therefore, the light component from the active layer 49c toward the substrate 41c is irregularly reflected by the surface to be processed 41e and changes its traveling direction.
- the processed surface 41e surface morphology M W since having a plurality of protrusions 65 protruding in the direction of the reference axis Cx, the processed surface 41e exhibits an excellent diffuse reflection characteristic. Therefore, a method for producing a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent light extraction efficiency is provided.
- the top of the projection 65 has a hexagonal pyramid shape, light is efficiently reflected by the construction surface of the hexagonal pyramid.
- the arithmetic average roughness of the surface to be processed 41e can be 0.5 micrometers or more. If the surface roughness is too small, the contribution to the extraction efficiency by light reflection is small.
- the arithmetic average roughness of the processing surface 41e can be 10 micrometers or less. An excessively large surface roughness contributes little to the extraction efficiency due to light reflection.
- the back surface 41d of the substrate 41c is inclined at an angle in the range of 10 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less with respect to the ⁇ 000-1> axis of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor, the inclination of the protrusions is varied according to the inclination angle.
- Direction is defined.
- the surface 41e to be processed can be formed with an alkaline solution.
- the alkaline solution for example, potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or the like can be used.
- the nitride semiconductor light emitting device 67a includes a support base 41f and a semiconductor stacked layer 57f.
- the support base 41f is made of a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and has a main surface 41g and a back surface 41h.
- the semiconductor stack 57f includes a mesa portion 57g and an exposed region 57h.
- the semiconductor stacked layer 57f includes an n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 43f, an active layer 49f, and a p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 51f.
- the active layer 49f is provided between the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 51f and the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 43f.
- the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 43f, the active layer 49f, and the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 51f are mounted on the main surface 41g of the support base 41f, and are arranged in the direction of the axis orthogonal to the main surface 41g. ing.
- the back surface 41h of the support base 41f is inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the reference axis Cx extending in the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the c-axis direction is indicated by a vector VC in FIG.
- the surface morphology of the back surface 41g has a plurality of protrusions 65 protruding in the direction of the ⁇ 000-1> axis.
- the description of the manufacturing method performed with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 is an example.
- the first electrode is formed on the processing surface of the substrate and the second electrode is formed on the semiconductor stack.
- the second electrode is formed on the semiconductor stack
- the surface to be processed of the wafer 41 can be formed to form the substrate, and the first electrode can be formed on the surface to be processed of the substrate.
- one electrical connection can be made via the second electrode, and the other electrical connection can be made via the electrode on the surface to be processed.
- a blue light emitting diode structure was fabricated by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy.
- Trimethylgallium (TMG), trimethylaluminum (TMA), trimethylindium (TMI), ammonia (NH 3 ) are used as raw materials, and n-type and p-type dopants are respectively silane (SiH 4 ) and biscyclopentadidiene.
- Enilmagnesium (CP 2 Mg) was used.
- a 2-inch c-plane gallium nitride wafer S1 and an off-angle gallium nitride wafer S2 were prepared.
- the main surface of the wafer S2 is off by 18 degrees in the a-axis direction from the (0001) plane (Ga plane), and the back surface of the wafer S2 is also at an angle of 18 degrees from the (000-1) plane (N plane). Inclined.
- the main surfaces of the wafers S1 and S2 are mirror polished.
- a wafer S1 was placed in the reaction furnace. After performing heat treatment for 10 minutes using a reaction furnace with NH 3 and H 2 flowing at a substrate temperature of 1100 degrees Celsius and an in-furnace pressure of 27 kPa, the substrate temperature was changed to 1150 degrees Celsius, and the Si-doped GaN layer Grew up. The thickness of this GaN layer was, for example, 2 micrometers. After the substrate temperature was lowered to 850 degrees Celsius, TMG, TMI, and SiH 4 were supplied to the reactor to grow a Si-doped InGaN buffer layer on the Si-doped GaN layer. The thickness of this InGaN buffer layer was 100 nm.
- a GaN barrier layer was grown.
- the thickness of the GaN barrier layer was 15 nm.
- the substrate temperature was lowered to 800 degrees Celsius to grow an InGaN well layer.
- the thickness of the InGaN well layer was 3 nm.
- a GaN barrier layer was grown. This GaN barrier layer was 15 nm. The growth of the well layer and the barrier layer was repeated to produce a multiple quantum well structure composed of a total of three periods of the well layer and the barrier layer.
- TMG and TMI the substrate temperature was raised to 1100 degrees Celsius.
- TMG, TMA, NH 3 and CP 2 Mg were supplied to the reactor to grow a Mg-doped p-type AlGaN layer.
- the thickness of the p-type AlGaN layer was 20 nm.
- the substrate temperature was maintained, the supply of TMA was stopped, and a p-type GaN layer was grown.
- the thickness of the p-type GaN layer was 50 nm.
- the temperature was lowered to room temperature, and the epitaxial wafer reactor was taken out.
- an epitaxial wafer having a blue light emitting diode structure was produced using the GaN wafer S2 by the same metal organic chemical vapor deposition method.
- the wafers S1 and S2 have different conditions such as detailed temperature and raw material flow rate.
- an epitaxial wafer having a light emitting diode structure that emits light of several emission wavelengths was fabricated using the GaN wafers S1 and S2.
- electrodes were formed on the epitaxial wafer fabricated as described above.
- a 500 nm mesa region and an exposed region were formed by reactive ion etching (RIE).
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the Si-doped GaN layer is exposed in the exposed region.
- a p transparent electrode (Ni / Au) and a p pad electrode (Au) were formed on the p-type GaN layer in the mesa region, and an n electrode (Ti / Al) was formed in the exposed region.
- electrode annealing was performed to produce a substrate product.
- the electrode annealing temperature and annealing time were 550 degrees Celsius and 1 minute, respectively. Between each process, photolithography, ultrasonic cleaning, and the like were performed.
- the substrate product was divided in half, and one wafer piece was mirror-polished on the back surface, and the other wafer piece was etched with an alkaline solution. This process resulted in a processed substrate product. By this etching process, fine irregularities of about 0.5 to 10 micrometers were formed on the back surface of the substrate product.
- the chip size is 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 5 shows connections for measuring EL characteristics.
- a processed substrate product 71 for measuring EL characteristics is placed on a support.
- a lens unit 73 is disposed immediately above the substrate product 71 at a distance D from the substrate product 71.
- the lens unit 73 is connected to the spectroscope 77 via the optical fiber 75.
- a power source 79 is connected to the electrode of the LED of the substrate product 71.
- a current of 120 mA was applied from the power source 79 to the LED to be measured.
- FIG. 6A shows EL characteristics in an LED structure fabricated using a GaN wafer with an off-state.
- FIG. 6B shows EL characteristics in an LED structure manufactured using a c-plane GaN wafer.
- the first group G1 of the measurement points has a back surface of mirror polishing and emits light having a wavelength of about 480 nm.
- the second group G2 of measurement points has a back surface of the etching process and emits light having a wavelength of about 480 nm.
- the third group G3 of measurement points has a back surface of mirror polishing, and emits light having a wavelength of about 510 nm.
- the fourth group G4 of measurement points has a back surface of the etching process and emits light having a wavelength of about 510 nm.
- the light output of the LED having the back surface of the etching process is larger than that of the LED having the back surface of the mirror polishing in any light emission at wavelengths of 480 nm and 510 nm. More specifically, on average over a 510 nm LED with an emission wavelength of 480 nm, the light output of an LED having an etched back surface is 3.70 times greater than that of an LED having a mirror polished back surface.
- the first group H1 of the measurement points has a back surface of mirror polishing and exhibits light emission of a wavelength of about 445 nm.
- the second group H2 at the measurement point has a back surface of the etching process and emits light having a wavelength of about 445 nm.
- the light output of the LED having the back surface of the etching process is 1.39 times larger than that of the LED having the back surface of mirror polishing.
- the improvement rate of the light output of the LED using the GaN substrate with OFF is larger than the improvement rate of the light output of the LED using the c-plane GaN substrate.
- the effect of the c-plane GaN substrate and the GaN substrate with OFF is greatly different when the light extraction efficiency of the LED, particularly the luminance directly above, is intended to be improved by roughening the back surface by alkali etching.
- the effect is very large by the off-attached GaN substrate.
- FIG. 7 shows an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of the off-mounted GaN substrate.
- FIG. 7A shows an SEM image from an oblique direction
- FIG. 7B shows an SEM image from above.
- FIG. 8 shows an SEM image of the GaN surface by applying back surface roughness by alkali etching to the main surface of the GaN substrate inclined at an angle of 75 degrees from the c + axis in the m-axis direction.
- the protrusions on the back surface roughness are oriented in a direction inclined about 75 degrees (c-axis direction) with respect to the normal axis of the back surface.
- the protrusions on the back surface roughness are related to the off direction and the off angle of the c-axis.
- FIG. 9 shows a SEM image of the GaN surface by subjecting the main surface GaN substrate inclined in the a-axis direction at an angle of 58 degrees from the c + axis to the back surface roughness by alkali etching.
- the protrusions on the back surface roughness are directed in a direction (c-axis direction) inclined at an angle of about 58 degrees with respect to the normal axis of the back surface.
- the protrusions in the back surface roughness are related to the off direction and the off angle of the c-axis.
- FIG. 10 shows a GaN substrate which is subjected to back surface roughness by alkali etching on a main surface GaN substrate rotated at an angle (for example, 15 degrees) from the a-axis direction to the m-axis direction and inclined in the direction at an angle of 68 degrees from the c + axis.
- the SEM image of a surface is shown.
- the protrusions on the back surface roughness are directed in a direction (c-axis direction) inclined at an angle of about 68 degrees with respect to the normal axis of the back surface.
- the protrusion in the back surface roughness is related to the off direction and the off angle of the c-axis.
- FIG. 11 shows an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of the m-plane GaN substrate.
- the SEM image in FIG. 11 shows that even if the back surface of the m-plane GaN substrate is subjected to alkali etching, no projection group facing in the c-axis direction seen in the semipolar plane is formed.
- FIG. 12 shows an SEM image of the back surface (alkaline etched) of the c-plane GaN substrate.
- FIG. 12A shows an SEM image from an oblique direction
- FIG. 12B shows an SEM image from above.
- a large number of hexagonal pyramid-shaped protrusions extending in the c-axis direction are formed by alkali etching, whereas in the GaN substrate with off, the hexagonal pyramid-shaped protrusion extending in the direction indicating the inclination of the c-axis is obtained.
- a protrusion is formed. That is, it is considered that the inclination of the protrusion appears in the difference in luminance directly above the light emitting diode due to the back surface roughness formation.
- FIG. 13 is a drawing showing another structure of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element 67b includes a support base 41f and a semiconductor stack 57i.
- the support base 41f is made of a hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor and has a main surface 41f and a back surface 41h.
- the semiconductor stack 57i is substantially the same as the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 43i substantially the same as the n-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 43f, the active layer 49i substantially the same as the active layer 49f, and the p-type gallium nitride semiconductor region 51f.
- the same p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 51i is included.
- the n-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 43i, the active layer 49i, and the p-type gallium nitride based semiconductor region 51i are mounted on the entire main surface 41g of the support base 41f, and in the direction of the axis orthogonal to the main surface 41g. Has been placed.
- the back surface 41h of the support base 41f extends along a plane perpendicular to the reference axis Cx extending along the c-axis direction of the hexagonal gallium nitride semiconductor.
- the c-axis direction is indicated by a vector VC in FIG.
- the surface morphology of the back surface 41h has a plurality of protrusions (the same shape as the protrusions 65) protruding in the direction of the ⁇ 000-1> axis.
- An electrode 59c is formed on the back surface 41h of the support base 41f, and an electrode 61c (transparent electrode 61d and pad electrode 61e) is formed on the top surface of the semiconductor laminate 57i.
- FIG. 14 is a drawing showing still another structure of the nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting device according to this embodiment.
- a GaN substrate 90 having a main surface inclined by an off angle of 75 degrees from the c axis in the m axis direction (an angle formed by the normal vector NV and the c axis vector VC) was prepared.
- An epitaxial layer structure 91 for a light emitting diode was grown on the GaN substrate 90.
- the epitaxial layer structure 91 was produced by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Trimethyl gallium (TMG), trimethyl aluminum (TMA), trimethyl indium (TMI), ammonia (NH 3 ), silane (SiH 4 ), and biscyclopentadienyl magnesium (CP 2 Mg) were used as raw materials.
- TMG Trimethyl gallium
- TMA trimethyl aluminum
- TMI trimethyl indium
- NH 3 ammonia
- SiH 4 silane
- CP 2 Mg biscyclopenta
- the GaN substrate was heat-treated for 10 minutes while flowing ammonia and hydrogen at a temperature of 1050 degrees Celsius and an internal pressure of 27 kPa.
- the Si-doped GaN layer 92 was grown on the GaN substrate 90 at a substrate temperature of 950 degrees Celsius.
- the thickness of the GaN layer 92 was 2 ⁇ m, for example.
- TMG, TMI, ammonia and monosilane were supplied to the growth reactor at a substrate temperature of 850 degrees Celsius to grow the Si-doped InGaN layer 93 on the GaN substrate 90.
- the thickness of the InGaN buffer layer 93 was 100 nm, for example.
- the GaN barrier layer 94a was grown at a substrate temperature of 870 degrees Celsius.
- the thickness of this barrier layer 94a was 15 nm, for example.
- the InGaN well layer 94b was grown.
- the thickness of the well layer 94b was 3 nm.
- the growth of the GaN barrier layer (thickness 15 nm) 94a at the substrate temperature of 870 degrees Celsius and the growth of the well layer (thickness 3 nm) 94b at the substrate temperature of 720 degrees Celsius are repeated to obtain a three-period multiple quantum well structure. Grew up.
- the supply of TMG and TMI is stopped and the substrate temperature is raised to 900 degrees Celsius, and then TMG, TMA, ammonia and CP 2 Mg are supplied to the growth furnace, and the Mg-doped p-type An AlGaN layer 95 was grown on the active layer 94.
- the thickness of the AlGaN layer 95 was 20 nm, for example.
- a p-type GaN layer 96 was grown on the AlGaN layer 95.
- the thickness of the GaN layer 96 was, for example, 50 nm.
- FIG. 15 is a drawing showing the relationship between the angle formed between the normal of the main surface of the GaN substrate and the c-axis and the In composition in InGaN growth under the same growth conditions. In incorporation is good in the angle range of 55 degrees or more, and further 58 degrees or more and 80 degrees or less. This characteristic can improve the quality of the light emitting layer when a light emitting diode having a long wavelength is manufactured. Furthermore, in this light emitting diode, the reflectance on the back surface can be increased.
- FIG. 16 is a drawing schematically showing an electrode forming process and a back surface roughness process.
- An electrode was formed on the epitaxial substrate EP.
- a mesa 97 was formed on the epitaxial substrate EP by reactive ion etching (RIE).
- RIE reactive ion etching
- the height of the mesa was, for example, 500 nm.
- a p transparent electrode (Ni / Au) 98a, a p pad electrode (Au) 98b, and an n electrode (Ti / Al) were formed.
- electrode annealing 550 ° C. for 1 minute
- Photolithography, ultrasonic cleaning, etc. were used between each process. Through these steps, the substrate product SP shown in FIG. 16A was formed.
- the substrate product SP was divided in half to produce a substrate product SP1 and a substrate product SP2.
- the substrate product SP1 was etched (for example, alkali etching) to form a roughness 99 on the back surface of the substrate product SP1.
- the back surface of the substrate product SP2 was mirror-polished to form a mirror surface on the back surface of the substrate product SP.
- the measurement arrangement as shown in FIG. 5 was performed to examine the difference in back surface reflection.
- Light from the light emitting diode is guided to a detector through an optical fiber.
- the light focused on the optical fiber is light traveling directly above the LED.
- the LED on the GaN substrate having the main surface inclined at an angle of 75 degrees in the m-axis direction the light emission output of the LED is 3. It became 12 times.
- This experimental result shows that even on a high off-angle substrate, the improvement of the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting diode, particularly the luminance directly above, is very large due to the back surface roughening by alkali etching.
- FIG. 17A shows an LED structure in which an anode electrode and a cathode electrode are formed on the epi surface.
- the entire back surface can be used for reflection.
- FIG. 17B shows an LED structure in which the anode electrode is formed on the epi surface and the cathode electrode is formed on a part of the back surface.
- This LED structure does not form a mesa. Although the entire back surface cannot be used for reflection, the light emitting region of the active layer can be widened.
- a part of the back surface is masked so as not to be etched, and the roughness is not formed in a part, and the electrode 98c is formed in an area where the roughness is not formed.
- the back reflection by the roughness 99b is improved, and two types of electrodes can be formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the epitaxial substrate. The current spreads sufficiently using the GaN substrate.
- FIG. 18 is a drawing showing a configuration of a light-emitting device including a nitride-based semiconductor light-emitting element according to this embodiment.
- light emitting devices 79a, 79b, 79c, and 79d are shown.
- An LED element 81 a using a sapphire substrate, an LED element 81 b using a c-plane GaN substrate, and LED elements 67 a and 67 b using an off-type GaN substrate are mounted on a support base 83.
- a reflector 85 is mounted on the support base 83 in order to direct the side light emitted from the LED elements 81a and 81b to the upper surface.
- a sealing resin body 87 filled between the LED elements 81a and 81b and the reflector 85 is provided so as to cover the LED elements 81a and 81b. Light from the LED elements 81 a and 81 b passes through the resin body 87. On the other hand, the luminance directly above the LED elements 67a and 67b using the off-mounted GaN substrate is large.
- a sealing resin body 89 is provided so as to cover the LED elements 67a and 67b. Light from the LED elements 67 a and 67 b passes through the resin body 89. According to the light emitting devices 79c and 79d, it is possible to increase the luminance directly above without using the reflector 85.
- the spread of the light emitting devices 79c and 79d is smaller than the spread of the light emitting devices 79a and 79b without using a reflector.
- the surface of the resin body 89 includes a first portion 89 b that contacts the support body 83 and a second portion 89 a that is exposed without contacting the support body 83.
- the first portion 89b is in contact with the support body 83 and the second portion 89a is exposed without contacting the support body.
- 83 and another reflector are not included.
- the light extraction efficiency can be greatly improved by roughening the back surface by very simple alkali etching. That is, simplification of the light-emitting diode element manufacturing process and significant cost reduction can be expected.
- the luminance directly above the LED element can be greatly increased, and when used in a side-etched liquid crystal display or the like, a great advantage is obtained that the light use efficiency becomes very high.
- SYMBOLS 11 Nitride-type semiconductor light emitting element, 13 ... Support base
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Abstract
Description
及び発光装置に関する。
有機金属気相成長法により青色発光ダイオード構造を作製した。原料としてトリメチルガリウム(TMG)、トリメチルアルミニウム(TMA)、トリメチルインジウム(TMI)、アンモニア(NH3)を用い、またn型及びp型ドーパントして、それぞれ、シラン(SiH4)及びビスシクロペンタジエニルマグネシウム(CP2Mg)を用いた。
図6(a)を参照すると、測定点の第1群G1は、鏡面研磨の裏面を有し波長480nm程度の発光を示す。測定点の第2群G2は、エッチング処理の裏面を有し波長480nm程度の発光を示す。測定点の第3群G3は、鏡面研磨の裏面を有し波長510nm程度の発光を示す。測定点の第4群G4は、エッチング処理の裏面を有し波長510nm程度の発光を示す。
図6(b)を参照すると、測定点の第1群H1は、鏡面研磨の裏面を有し波長445nm程度の発光を示す。測定点の第2群H2は、エッチング処理の裏面を有し波長445nm程度の発光を示す。発光波長445nm程度のLEDでは、エッチング処理の裏面を有するLEDの光出力は、鏡面研磨の裏面を有するLEDの1.39倍大きい。
Claims (29)
- 六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体からなり、主面及び裏面を有する支持基体と、
p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域、n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域、及び活性層を含む半導体積層と
を備え、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、該六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体のc軸方向に延びる基準軸に直交する平面に対して傾斜され、
前記裏面の表面モフォロジは、前記基準軸の方向に突出する複数の突起を有しており、
前記活性層は、前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域と前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域との間に設けられ、
前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域、前記活性層及び前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域は、前記支持基体の前記主面上において所定の軸の方向に配置されて半導体積層を構成しており、
前記所定の軸の方向は前記基準軸の方向と異なる、ことを特徴とする窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下及び前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下及び前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記裏面の算術平均粗さは0.5マイクロメートル以上10マイクロメートル以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記突起の頂部は六角錘状の形状を成す、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記半導体積層は、前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域のいずれか一方の領域における一部分が露出された露出領域を有しており、
当該窒化物系半導体発光素子は、前記露出領域上に設けられた第1の電極と、前記半導体積層において前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域のいずれか他方上に設けられた第2の電極とを更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記半導体積層上に設けられた第1の電極と、
前記支持基体の前記裏面に設けられた第2の電極と
を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。 - 前記活性層は、350nm以上650nm以下の波長範囲にピーク波長を有するように設けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 前記活性層は、450nm以上650nm以下の波長範囲にピーク波長を有するように設けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子。
- 面発光型の窒化物系半導体発光素子を作製する方法であって、
主面及び裏面を有する基板と該基板の前記主面上に設けられた半導体積層とを含む基板生産物を準備する工程と、
前記基板生産物における前記基板の前記裏面のエッチングを行って、複数の突起を有する表面モフォロジを有する被処理面を形成する工程と
を備え、
前記基板は六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体からなり
前記基板の前記裏面は、該六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体のc軸方向に延びる基準軸に直交する平面に対して傾斜し、
前記突起は、前記基準軸の方向に突出しており、
前記半導体積層は、p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域、n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び活性層を有し、
前記活性層は、前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域と前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域との間に設けられ、
前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域、前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び前記活性層は、半導体積層を形成するように前記基板の前記主面上において所定の軸の方向に配置されており、
前記所定の軸の方向は前記基準軸の方向と異なる、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記基板の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下及び前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載された方法。
- 前記基板の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項13又は請求項14に記載された方法。
- 前記基板の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項15のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項13又は請求項14のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記支持基体の前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<000-1>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜しており、
前記支持基体の前記裏面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して55度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項13、請求項14又は請求項17のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記被処理面の形成はウエットエッチングにより行われる、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項14のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記被処理面の形成はアルカリ溶液により行われる、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項19のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記突起の頂部は六角錘状の形状を成す、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項20のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記裏面の算術平均粗さは0.5マイクロメートル以上10マイクロメートル以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項21のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記基板の前記被処理面に第1の電極を形成する工程と、
前記半導体積層上に第2の電極を形成する工程と
を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項22のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記半導体積層は、前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域のいずれか一方における一部分が露出された露出領域を有しており、
当該方法は、
前記露出領域上に第1の電極を形成すると共に、前記半導体積層において前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域及び前記n型窒化ガリウム系半導体領域のいずれか他方上に第2の電極を形成する工程を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項22のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 窒化ガリウム半導体ウエハの前記主面上に、一又は複数のp型窒化ガリウム系半導体層、一又は複数のn型窒化ガリウム系半導体層及び活性層を成長して、エピタキシャルウエハを形成する工程と、
前記エピタキシャルウエハをエッチングして前記半導体積層を形成する工程と
を更に備え、
前記p型窒化ガリウム系半導体層、n型窒化ガリウム系半導体層及び活性層は、前記窒化ガリウム半導体ウエハの前記主面上において所定の軸の方向に配置されており、
前記窒化ガリウム半導体ウエハの前記主面は、前記六方晶系窒化ガリウム半導体の<0001>軸に対して10度以上80度以下の範囲の角度で傾斜している、ことを特徴とする請求項24に記載された方法。 - 前記窒化ガリウム半導体ウエハの前記裏面を研削して、前記基板生産物の前記基板を形成する工程を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項25に記載された方法。
- 前記基板のエッジ上の2点間の距離の最大値は45ミリメートル以上である、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項26のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載された窒化物系半導体発光素子と、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子の裏面を支持する支持面を有する支持体と、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子及び前記支持体上に設けられ、前記窒化物系半導体発光素子を封止する樹脂体と
を備え、
前記窒化物系半導体発光素子からの光は前記樹脂体を透過する、ことを特徴とする発光装置。 - 前記樹脂体の表面は、前記支持体に接触する第1の部分と、前記支持体に接触すること無く露出している第2の部分とを有する、ことを特徴とする請求項28に記載された発光装置。
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KR1020117009687A KR101250660B1 (ko) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-14 | 질화물계 반도체 발광 소자, 질화물계 반도체 발광 소자를 제작하는 방법, 및 발광 장치 |
EP09820600A EP2352181A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-14 | Nitride-based semiconductor light emitting element, method for manufacturing nitride-based semiconductor light emitting element, and light emitting device |
US13/085,684 US20110186860A1 (en) | 2008-10-17 | 2011-04-13 | Nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device, method for manufacturing nitride-based semiconductor light emitting device, and light emitting apparatus |
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CN102187480B (zh) | 2014-03-12 |
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US20110186860A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
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