WO2010021299A1 - 水溶性金属加工油剤および金属加工用クーラント - Google Patents
水溶性金属加工油剤および金属加工用クーラント Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010021299A1 WO2010021299A1 PCT/JP2009/064331 JP2009064331W WO2010021299A1 WO 2010021299 A1 WO2010021299 A1 WO 2010021299A1 JP 2009064331 W JP2009064331 W JP 2009064331W WO 2010021299 A1 WO2010021299 A1 WO 2010021299A1
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- metalworking fluid
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-soluble metalworking fluid and a coolant for metalworking that is diluted with water and used for metalworking such as cutting and grinding.
- Metalworking fluids used in metalworking are classified into oil-based (oil-based) and water-based (water-based), but water-based types that are excellent in cooling and infiltration properties and do not pose a fire hazard are frequently used.
- the water-based type includes emulsion oils obtained by adding a surfactant to an oily base oil such as mineral oil, and soluble oils obtained by increasing the amount of the surfactant, as well as water-soluble lubricants such as polyalkylene glycols.
- Solution-based oils based on selenium are known. In applications where cooling is important, such as grinding, solution-based oils that do not contain mineral oil and are water-soluble are often used.
- Patent Document 1 As a solution-type oil agent, an aqueous lubricating composition comprising an alkanolamine fatty acid salt and a polyoxyalkylene glycol is known (see Patent Document 1).
- CBN superabrasive grains
- Patent Document 2 a water-soluble metalworking fluid containing a monocarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and (PO)-(EO)-(PO) type block polyalkylene glycol has been proposed (Patent Document 2). reference).
- Patent Document 2 a solution oil agent excellent in lubricity and antifoaming property can be provided.
- the water-based lubricating oil composition described in Patent Document 1 has good cooling properties as a solution-based oil agent, the lubricating properties are inferior to those of oil-based, emulsion-based, and solve-based systems.
- the solution-based oil of Patent Document 2 is not always sufficient in lubricity even at about 33-fold dilution. In particular, when the dilution ratio with water is increased to about 50 times, a decrease in lubricity becomes even more problematic.
- rust prevention and antifoaming properties tend to be problems.
- an object of this invention is to provide the water-soluble metalworking fluid used as the metalworking coolant which is excellent in lubricity, rust prevention property, and antifoaming property, when diluted with water.
- the present invention provides a water-soluble metalworking fluid as shown below.
- A at least one of a block polyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and (B) a polyalkylene glycol monoether represented by the following formula (2); HO (EO) a- (PO) b- (EO) c H (1)
- EO is —CH 2 CH 2 O— and PO is —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O— or —CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O—.
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid according to the present invention wherein the component (A) has a mass average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000.
- (A + c) / (a + b + c) 0.1 to 0.5 (3)
- the combined amount of the component (A) and the component (B) is 5 to 40% by mass based on the total amount of the oil containing water
- the component (C) A water-soluble metalworking fluid, characterized in that the blending amount of is 30 to 75% by mass.
- the lubricity is excellent even at a high dilution rate.
- a coolant excellent in rust and defoaming properties can be provided.
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present oil”) includes (A) a block polyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (1) and (B) a polyalkylene glycol represented by the following formula (2). At least any one of monoethers and (C) an alkanolamine fatty acid salt are blended.
- HO EO
- the component (A) acts as a low foaming water-soluble lubricant.
- EO represents —CH 2 CH 2 O— (ethylene oxide unit)
- PO represents —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 O— or —CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) O—.
- Propylene oxide unit Each unit of (EO) a , (PO) b and (EO) c described above is bonded in a block form. When EO and PO are randomly bonded, foaming is increased at the time of dilution, which is not preferable.
- a and c are integers of 1 to 30, preferably 1 to 20, and b is an integer of 5 to 100, preferably 10 to 50.
- a and c exceed 30, the lubricity when diluted with water decreases, which is not preferable. Further, when b is less than 5, the lubricity when diluted with water is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if b exceeds 100, the water solubility decreases, which is not preferable.
- a to c may be formally expressed by decimal numbers.
- the mass average molecular weight of the component (A) is preferably 500 to 10,000, and more preferably 600 to 5,000. In any case where the mass average molecular weight is less than 500 or more than 10,000, there is a possibility that the lubricity when diluted with water is lowered. Moreover, it is preferable that a, b, and c in Formula (1) satisfy
- fill the relationship of following formula (3). (A + c) / (a + b + c) 0.1 to 0.5 (3) When the value of the formula (3) is less than 0.1, the component (A) is difficult to dissolve in water, and so-called stock solution stability becomes poor. On the other hand, if the value of formula (3) exceeds 0.5, the lubricity when diluted with water may be reduced.
- the component (B) is a so-called one-end polyalkylene glycol represented by the formula (2).
- the component (B) acts as a water-soluble lubricant.
- R is a terminal group of the polyalkylene glycol and is an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- both ends of the polyalkylene glycol of the formula (2) are sealed because water solubility is lowered.
- both ends of the polyalkylene glycol of the formula (2) are OH, the lubricity when diluted with water is lowered, which is not preferable.
- R′O is PO or EO
- the bonding mode between PO and EO is preferably a block structure having low foaming properties.
- the molar fraction of EO is less than 100%. If the EO molar fraction is 100%, the antifoaming property is poor, which is not preferable.
- d is 1 to 50, preferably an integer of 3 to 30. If d exceeds 50, the lubricity when diluted with water may decrease.
- d when using the compound of Formula (2) as a mixture as (B) component, d may be represented formally with a decimal.
- Component (C) is an alkanolamine fatty acid salt, and acts mainly as a rust inhibitor in the present oil agent.
- the alkanolamine fatty acid salt is preferably blended in the oil agent after first preparing the salt, rather than individually blending the alkanolamine and the fatty acid in the oil agent.
- a dibasic acid is used as the fatty acid
- the equivalent ratio of amine to fatty acid should not be so high.
- the friction coefficient when this oil agent is diluted with water may be slightly high. Specifically, 2 or less is preferable, and 1.5 or less is more preferable. Moreover, in order to dissolve a fatty acid, 1 or more is preferable.
- a primary or tertiary amine is preferable at the point of rot resistance.
- primary amines or tertiary amines represented by the following formulas (4) and (5) are suitable.
- R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- n is 2 or 3.
- Each R 1 may be the same as or different from each other, but it is not preferred that all R 1 are hydrogen.
- n is 4 or more because water solubility is lowered.
- n is 2, and when n is 1 and R 1 is all hydrogen, it is not preferable because formaldehyde is easily released by decomposition.
- any one of R 1 has 4 or more carbon atoms, it is not preferable in terms of water solubility and rust prevention against iron.
- alkanolamine of the above formula (4) examples include 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-butanol, 2-amino-1- Examples include propanol and 3-amino-2-butanol.
- 1-amino-2-propanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol are particularly preferable in terms of rust prevention against iron.
- the above-described components may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- R 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. It is not preferable that R 2 is hydrogen because the rot resistance is inferior.
- R 2 has an acyclic structure, it preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 carbon atom. When the number of carbon atoms of R 2 is a 11 or higher, undesirable water soluble and rust resistance is lowered.
- Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. It is not preferable that at least one of Z 1 and Z 2 has 1 carbon because it is decomposed as formaldehyde.
- the water solubility of the component (B) decreases, which is not preferable.
- the alkanolamine of the above formula (5) include N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, Nn-propyldiethanolamine, Ni-propyldiethanolamine, Nn-butyldiethanolamine. , Ni-butyldiethanolamine, and Nt-butyldiethanolamine.
- R 2 contains a branched alkyl structure or a cycloalkyl structure
- N-cycloxyldiethanolamine is particularly preferable.
- the above-described components may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the fatty acid constituting the salt with each alkanolamine described above include monocarboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.
- synthetic fatty acids such as dimers and trimers such as oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, ricinoleic acid and
- carboxylic acids are caproic acid, nonanoic acid, isononanoic acid and decanoic acid having 8 to 10 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of defoaming properties and stability of hard water, and dicarboxylic acids are those having 9 to 9 carbon atoms. 12 nonanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and the like.
- the above-mentioned isononanoic acid is excellent in the effect (hard water stability) of reducing the formation of a solid on the liquid surface when the oil agent (stock solution) is diluted with water.
- alkyl group which comprises the principal chain of a fatty acid what has a branched structure is preferable at the point of spoilage resistance.
- a dibasic acid as a fatty acid, it is excellent in rust prevention when used as a salt.
- dibasic acid and monobasic acid are mixed. And preferably used.
- the pH of the alkanolamine fatty acid salt of component (C) is preferably 8 to 11 from the viewpoint of rust prevention.
- the pH is a value measured by dissolving the component (C) in ion-exchanged water to a concentration of 2.0% by volume and using a pH meter (PHL-20 manufactured by DKK Corporation) at room temperature. .
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid of the present invention may be composed of the component (A) and the component (C), or may be composed of the component (B) and the component (C).
- this oil agent when the above-mentioned (A) component and (B) component are used in combination and used as a three-component system with (C) component, the lubricity and antifoaming property when diluted with water are further improved. This is particularly preferable.
- This oil agent (stock solution) is 5 to 40% by mass of (A) component and (B) component combined amount (any component alone) based on the total amount of oil containing water, (C) component Is preferably 30 to 75% by mass.
- the blending amount of the component (A) and the component (B) is less than 5% by mass, if the dilution ratio with water is too high when using this oil agent in the field, the lubricity decreases (the friction coefficient increases). May be incurred.
- the stock solution stability decreases.
- the stock solution stability means that the stock solution is not uniform due to phase separation, solid insolubility, precipitation, or the like.
- the proportion of water for preparing the stock solution is preferably 20 to 75% by mass.
- the proportion of water is less than 20% by mass, it becomes difficult to dissolve the components (A) to (C), and the preparation of the stock solution becomes complicated.
- the ratio of the water for stock solution preparation exceeds 75 mass%, the storage amount and transport amount as stock solution will become excessive, and handling property will fall.
- the oil agent (stock solution) is diluted 2 to 200 times, preferably 5 to 100 times (volume) with water, and used as a coolant for metal processing.
- the mass ratio ((A + B) / C) of the blending amount of the component (A) and the component (B) (any component may be sufficient) and the blending amount of the component (C) is 0.05.
- 1.5 or less is preferable. More preferably, it is 0.1 or more and 1.2 or less. If this mass ratio is less than 0.05, the lubricity may be lowered (the coefficient of friction increased). On the other hand, when the above-described mass ratio exceeds 1.5, there is a risk of causing a decrease in rust prevention properties.
- various well-known additives can be suitably mix
- extreme pressure agents oily agents, and antifoaming agents.
- the extreme pressure agent include a sulfur-based extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-based extreme pressure agent, an extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and a metal, and an extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus and a metal.
- These extreme pressure agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Any extreme pressure agent may be used as long as it contains a sulfur atom and / or a phosphorus atom in the molecule and can exhibit load resistance and wear resistance.
- extreme pressure agents containing sulfur in the molecule include sulfurized fats and oils, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized esters, sulfurized olefins, dihydrocarbyl polysulfides, thiadiazole compounds, alkylthiocarbamoyl compounds, triazine compounds, thioterpene compounds, dialkylthiodipropionate compounds, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the amount of these extreme pressure agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.05 to 0.5% by mass on the basis of the final diluent from the viewpoint of the blending effect.
- oily agent examples include fatty alcohols, fatty acid compounds such as fatty acids and fatty acid metal salts, ester compounds such as polyol esters, sorbitan esters, and glycerides, and amine compounds such as aliphatic amines.
- the blending amount of these oil-based agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.2 to 2% by mass on the basis of the final diluent from the viewpoint of blending effect.
- the antifoaming agent examples include methyl silicone oil, fluorosilicone oil, and polyacrylate. From the viewpoint of the blending effect, the blending amount of these antifoaming agents is blended in the stock solution so as to be about 0.004 to 0.04% by mass based on the final diluent.
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid of the present invention is appropriately diluted in water so as to have an appropriate concentration according to the purpose of use, and includes cutting, grinding, polishing, drawing, drawing, rolling, etc. It can be suitably used in various metal processing fields. And the water-soluble metalworking fluid of this invention is excellent in lubricity irrespective of dilution concentration, and is excellent also in the rust prevention property and antifoaming property with respect to a metal product.
- Example 1 to 18 Water-soluble metalworking fluids (stock solutions) were prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 1 to 3. Details of each component are as follows.
- the component (C) of the present invention was blended after the alkanolamine and fatty acid constituting the alkanolamine fatty acid salt were mixed and prepared in advance at a predetermined equivalent ratio. The blending amount is shown.
- ⁇ (A) component> The block polyalkylene glycol shown below was used. (1) HO (EO) 5- (PO) 30- (EO) 5 H (2) HO (EO) 1.5 - (PO) 21 - (EO) 1.5 H (3) HO (EO) 13 - (PO) 30 - (EO) 13 H
- Rust prevention test (conforms to DIN 51360-02-A) Rust prevention test (room temperature, 2 hours) was performed using a diluted solution diluted with ion-exchanged water so that the concentration of the stock solution shown in Tables 1 to 3 was 2% by volume, and the occurrence of rust was confirmed visually. .
- HO (EO) 80- (PO) 30- (EO) 80 H is blended in an amount of 5.0% by mass, and instead of the B component, C 10 H 21 O (R'O) 100 15.0% by mass of H (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Neugen XL-1000F) was added.
- B component C 10 H 21 O (R'O) 100 15.0% by mass of H (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Neugen XL-1000F) was added.
- B component 20.0% by mass of C 10 H 21 O (R′O) 100 H (Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Neugen XL-1000F) was blended.
- HO (EO) 80- (PO) 30- (EO) 80 H is 5.0 mass%
- HO (EO) 93- (PO) 35.3- (EO) 93 H is added. 15.0 mass% was mix
- the water-soluble metalworking fluid of the present invention can be diluted with water and used as a coolant for metalworking in the field of metalworking such as cutting and grinding.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
一方、最近になって、超砥粒(ダイヤモンド、CBN)を用いた長寿命な砥石が普及するようになり、ソリューション系油剤に対してより潤滑性が要求されるようになった。そこで、炭素数6~10のモノカルボン酸やジカルボン酸と、(PO)-(EO)-(PO)型ブロックポリアルキレングリコールとを配合した水溶性金属加工油剤が提案されている(特許文献2参照)。この油剤によれば、潤滑性や消泡性に優れたソリューション系油剤が提供できるとしている。
そこで、本発明は、水で希釈した際に潤滑性、防錆性および消泡性に優れる金属加工用クーラントとなる水溶性金属加工油剤を提供することを目的とする。
〔1〕(A)下記式(1)で示されるブロックポリアルキレングリコールおよび(B)下記式(2)で示されるポリアルキレングリコールモノエーテルのうち少なくともいずれか一種と、
HO(EO)a-(PO)b-(EO)cH (1)
(EOは、-CH2CH2O-であり、POは、-CH(CH3)CH2O-または-CH2CH(CH3)O-である。(EO)a、(PO)bおよび(EO)cの各単位は、ブロック的に結合している。aおよびcは1~30の整数であり、bは5~100の整数である。)
RO(R’O)dH (2)
(Rは、炭素数が1~30のアルキル基であり、R’Oは、POあるいはEOである。ただし、EOのモル分率は100%未満である。dは1~50の整数である。)
(C)アルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩と、を配合してなることを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。
〔3〕前述した本発明の水溶性金属加工油剤において、前記(A)成分におけるa、bおよびcが下記式(3)の関係を満たすことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。
(a+c)/(a+b+c)=0.1~0.5 (3)
〔4〕前述した本発明の水溶性金属加工油剤において、水を含有する油剤全量基準で、前記(A)成分および(B)成分を合わせた配合量が5~40質量%、(C)成分の配合量が30~75質量%であることを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。
〔5〕前述した本発明の水溶金属加工油剤を水で2~200倍(容量)に希釈した金属加工用クーラント。
本発明の水溶性金属加工油剤(以下、「本油剤」ともいう)は、(A)下記式(1)で示されるブロックポリアルキレングリコールおよび(B)下記式(2)で示されるポリアルキレングリコールモノエーテルのうち少なくともいずれか一種と、(C)アルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩とを配合してなる。
HO(EO)a-(PO)b-(EO)cH (1)
RO(R’O)dH (2)
上記した式(1)において、EOは、-CH2CH2O-(エチレンオキサイド単位)を表し、POは、-CH(CH3)CH2O-または-CH2CH(CH3)O-(プロピレンオキサイド単位)を表す。
前記した(EO)a、(PO)bおよび(EO)cの各単位は、ブロック的に結合している。EOとPOがランダム的に結合していると希釈時に泡立ちが大きくなり好ましくない。
ここで、式(1)におけるaおよびcは1~30、好ましくは1~20の整数であり、bは5~100、好ましくは10~50の整数である。a、cが30を超えると、水で希釈した際の潤滑性が低下するため好ましくない。また、bが5未満であると、水で希釈した際の潤滑性が低下するため好ましくない。逆に、bが100を超えると、水溶性が低下するため好ましくない。
なお、(A)成分として式(1)の化合物を混合物として使用する場合は、a~cを形式的に小数で表すこともある。
また、式(1)におけるa、bおよびcは、下記式(3)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
(a+c)/(a+b+c)=0.1~0.5 (3)
式(3)の値が0.1未満であると、(A)成分が水に溶解しにくくなって、いわゆる原液安定性が不良となる。一方、式(3)の値が0.5を超えると、水で希釈した際の潤滑性が低下してしまうおそれがある。
Rは、ポリアルキレングリコールの末端基であり、炭素数が1~30、好ましくは炭素数6~18のアルキル基である。ただし、式(2)のポリアルキレングリコールの両末端がともに封止されていると、水溶性が低下するため好ましくない。逆に、式(2)のポリアルキレングリコールの両末端がともにOHであると水で希釈した際の潤滑性が低下するため好ましくない。
ここで、Rの炭素数が30を超えると、水溶性が低下するため好ましくない。
また、R’Oは、POあるいはEOであり、POとEOの結合様式は低発泡性であるブロック構造が好ましい。ただし、EOのモル分率は100%未満である。EOのモル分率が100%であると、消泡性に劣るため好ましくない。
ここで、dは1~50であり、好ましくは3~30の整数である。dが50を超えると、水で希釈した際の潤滑性が低下してしまうおそれがある。なお、(B)成分として式(2)の化合物を混合物として使用する場合は、dを形式的に小数で表すこともある。
例えば、下記式(4)、(5)で示される一級アミンあるいは三級アミンが好適である。
上記した式(4)のアルカノールアミンの具体例としては、例えば、1-アミノ-2-プロパノール、2-アミノ-2-メチル-1-プロパノール、1-アミノ-2-ブタノール、2-アミノー1-プロパノール、3-アミノー2-ブタノールなどが挙げられる。これらの中でも、鉄に対する防錆性の点で1-アミノ-2-プロパノールや2-アミノ-2-メチル-1-プロパノールが特に好ましい。本油剤においては、上記した成分は一種用いてもよく、二種以上を用いてもよい。
上記した式(5)のアルカノールアミンの具体例としては、N-メチルジエタノールアミン、N-エチルジエタノールアミン、N-シクロヘキシルジエタノールアミン、N-n-プロピルジエタノールアミン、N-i-プロピルジエタノールアミン、N-n-ブチルジエタノールアミン、N-i-ブチルジエタノールアミン、およびN-t-ブチルジエタノールアミンなどが挙げられる。なお、R2が分岐アルキル構造やシクロアルキル構造を含むと、耐腐敗性を向上させる点で好ましく、例えば、N-シキロヘキシルジエタノールアミンが特に好ましい。本油剤においては、上記した成分は一種用いてもよく、二種以上を用いてもよい。
特に好ましいカルボン酸としては、油剤の消泡性の観点および硬水安定性の観点より炭素原子数8~10のカプロン酸、ノナン酸、イソノナン酸、デカン酸が、ジカルボン酸としては炭素原子数9~12のノナン二酸、ウンデカン二酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸等が挙げられる。
特に上記したイソノナン酸は、油剤(原液)を水で希釈した時、固形物が液面にできるのを低減する効果(硬水安定性)に優れている。
また、脂肪酸の主鎖を構成するアルキル基としては耐腐敗性の点で分岐構造を有するものが好ましい。脂肪酸としては二塩基酸を用いた方が塩として用いた場合に防錆性に優れるが、後述する原液の安定性(不溶化しにくいこと)の観点より、二塩基酸と一塩基酸とを混合して使用することが好ましい。
なお、(C)成分のアルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩のpHは、8~11となるものが防錆性の点で好ましい。ここで、pHは、イオン交換水に(C)成分を2.0容量%濃度になるように溶解し、室温にてpHメーター(DKKコーポレーション社製PHL-20)を用いて測定した値である。
(A)成分および(B)成分を合わせた配合量が5質量%未満であると、現場での本油剤使用時に水による希釈率が高すぎた場合、潤滑性の低下(摩擦係数の上昇)を招くおそれがある。一方、(A)成分および(B)成分を合わせた配合量が40質量%を超えると原液安定性が低下する。ここで、原液安定性とは、相分離、固体の不溶解、析出等で原液の均一性がなくなることをいう。
また、(C)成分の配合量が30質量%未満であると、現場での本油剤使用時に水による希釈率が高すぎた場合、防錆性の低下を招いてしまうおそれがある。一方、(C)成分の配合量75質量%を超えると原液安定性が低下する。
なお、本油剤(原液)は、水で2~200倍、好ましくは5~100倍(容量)に希釈され金属加工用のクーラントとして使用される。
極圧剤としては、硫黄系極圧剤、リン系極圧剤、硫黄および金属を含む極圧剤、リンおよび金属を含む極圧剤が挙げられる。これらの極圧剤は一種を単独でまたは二種以上組み合わせて用いることができる。極圧剤としては、分子中に硫黄原子および/またはリン原子を含み、耐荷重性や耐摩耗性を発揮しうるものであればよい。分子中に硫黄を含む極圧剤としては、例えば、硫化油脂、硫化脂肪酸、硫化エステル、硫化オレフィン、ジヒドロカルビルポリサルファイド、チアジアゾール化合物、アルキルチオカルバモイル化合物、トリアジン化合物、チオテルペン化合物、ジアルキルチオジプロピオネート化合物などを挙げることができる。これらの極圧剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、最終的な希釈液基準で、0.05~0.5質量%程度となるように原液に配合される。
消泡剤としては、メチルシリコーン油、フルオロシリコーン油、ポリアクリレートなどを挙げることができる。これらの消泡剤の配合量は、配合効果の点から、最終的な希釈液基準で、0.004~0.04質量%程度となるように原液に配合される。
〔実施例1~18、比較例1~9〕
表1~3に示す配合処方により水溶性金属加工油剤(原液)を調製した。各成分の詳細は以下の通りである。なお、本発明の(C)成分については、アルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩を構成するアルカノールアミンと脂肪酸を所定の当量比で事前に混合調製してから配合したが、表1~3には各構成成分の配合量を示す。
以下に示すブロックポリアルキレングリコールを用いた。
(1)HO(EO)5-(PO)30-(EO)5H
(2)HO(EO)1.5-(PO)21-(EO)1.5H
(3)HO(EO)13-(PO)30-(EO)13H
(1)C12H25O(R’O)nH(第一工業製薬製 ノイゲンNL-Dash408)
(2)C12H25O(PO)m(EO)nH(花王製 エマルゲンLS-106)
(3)C4H8O(R’O)nH(EO=50モル%、三洋化成製 ニューポール50HB-260)
(4)C10H21O(R’O)nH(第一工業製薬製 ノイゲンXL-70)
(5)C13H27O(R’O)nH(第一工業製薬製 ノイゲンTDX-80D)
(6)C16H33O(PO)4(EO)10H
(7)C16H33O(PO)8(EO)20H
(1)1-アミノ-2-プロパノール
(2)N-メチルジエタノールアミン
(3)N-シクロヘキシルジエタノールアミン
(4)トリエタノールアミン
(5)イソノナン酸
(6)粗ドデカン二酸(インビスタンジャパン社製Corfree M1:ドデカン二酸42%)
(1)C10H21O(EO)nH(第一工業製薬製 ノイゲンSD-70)
(2)RO(EO)7H(R:C12~14)
(3)グリセリンR’O付加物(EO=67モル%)
(4)トリメチロールプロパン(EO)3付加物
(5)1-ブトキシ-2-プロパノール
(6)その他(消泡剤等のパッケージ)
(7)原液調製用蒸留水
(1)潤滑性(摩擦係数)
原液を水道水で2容量%に希釈した後、下記に示す往復動摩擦試験により動摩擦係数を求めた。
<往復動摩擦試験の方法>
試験機 :往復動摩擦試験機(エーアンドディー社製)
試験片 :試験板SPCC SD、試験球SUJ-2(φ3/16インチ(4.8mm))
試験条件:液温 室温、振幅 40mm、速度40mm/s、荷重0.5kgf(4.9N)
表1~3に示した原液の濃度が2容量%となるようにイオン交換水で希釈した希釈液を用いて防錆試験(室温、2時間)を実施し、錆の発生を目視で確認した。
(3)消泡性
シリンダー法により評価した。具体的には、原液2mlをイオン交換水98mlにて2容量%に希釈した後、試料液100mlを100mlの共栓付きメスシリンダーに入れ、5秒間激しく振った後、目視にて、表面の泡が表面積の50%以下になるまでの時間を測定した。評価の基準は、以下の通りである。
A:20秒以内に表面積の50%以下まで消泡した。
B:20秒後にも表面積の50%を超えて泡が残った。
2)B成分の代わりに、C10H21O(R’O)100H(第一工業製薬製 ノイゲンXL-1000F)を20.0質量%配合した。
3)A成分の代わりに、HO(EO)80-(PO)30-(EO)80Hを5.0質量%、HO(EO)93-(PO)35.3-(EO)93Hを15.0質量%配合した。
表1~2の結果からわかるように、実施例1~18にかかる本発明の水溶性金属加工油剤は、いずれも潤滑性、防錆性および消泡性に優れている。特に、原液に対する水の希釈率が高い状態(2容量%)でも潤滑性が十分維持されていることが特徴的である。
これに対して、表3の結果より、比較例1~3、6~9で用いた水溶性金属加工油剤は、本発明における必須成分を欠いているため、原液に対する水の希釈率が高い状態では、動摩擦係数がかなり高い。すなわち、高希釈時の潤滑性に劣ることがわかる。特に、比較例7~9からわかるように、本発明のA成分やB成分とは構造が異なるタイプのポリアルキレングリコールを配合しても、高希釈時の潤滑性は不十分である。また、B成分のかわりに、EOのモル分率が100%のポリアルキレングリコールを用いた比較例4、5では、消泡性に劣っている。
なお、本実施例・比較例では、アルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩について、アルカノールアミンと脂肪酸を油剤中で混合することにより調製した。その結果、アミン/脂肪酸の当量比が3.0と高いものは、若干潤滑性が低下する傾向にあることがわかる。
Claims (5)
- (A)下記式(1)で示されるブロックポリアルキレングリコールおよび(B)下記式(2)で示されるポリアルキレングリコールモノエーテルのうち少なくともいずれか一種と、
HO(EO)a-(PO)b-(EO)cH (1)
(EOは、-CH2CH2O-であり、POは、-CH(CH3)CH2O-または-CH2CH(CH3)O-である。(EO)a、(PO)bおよび(EO)cの各単位は、ブロック的に結合している。aおよびcは1~30の整数であり、bは5~100の整数である。)
RO(R’O)dH (2)
(Rは、炭素数が1~30のアルキル基であり、R’Oは、POあるいはEOである。ただし、EOのモル分率は100%未満である。dは1~50の整数である。)
(C)アルカノールアミン脂肪酸塩と、
を配合してなることを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。 - 請求項1に記載の水溶性金属加工油剤において、
前記(A)成分の質量平均分子量が500~10000であることを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の水溶性金属加工油剤において、
前記(A)成分におけるa、bおよびcが下記式(3)の関係を満たすことを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。
(a+c)/(a+b+c)=0.1~0.5 (3) - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載の水溶性金属加工油剤において、
水を含有する油剤全量基準で、前記(A)成分および(B)成分を合わせた配合量が5~40質量%、前記(C)成分の配合量が30~75質量%であることを特徴とする水溶性金属加工油剤。 - 請求項4に記載の水溶性金属加工油剤を水で2~200倍(容量)に希釈した金属加工用クーラント。
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Also Published As
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US8969270B2 (en) | 2015-03-03 |
WO2010021299A8 (ja) | 2011-01-20 |
TWI441912B (zh) | 2014-06-21 |
JP2010070736A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
JP5394691B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
TW201022430A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
CN102124090A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US20110147645A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 |
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