WO2010013712A1 - 水素の製造方法 - Google Patents
水素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010013712A1 WO2010013712A1 PCT/JP2009/063427 JP2009063427W WO2010013712A1 WO 2010013712 A1 WO2010013712 A1 WO 2010013712A1 JP 2009063427 W JP2009063427 W JP 2009063427W WO 2010013712 A1 WO2010013712 A1 WO 2010013712A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- ionic liquid
- formic acid
- substituted
- hydrogen atoms
- Prior art date
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- -1 formic acid salt Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- LUKKBFFIDYQFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methyl-1,3-dipropylimidazol-1-ium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCCN1C=C[N+](CCC)=C1C LUKKBFFIDYQFLU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 0 *c1c(*)[n+](*)c(*)[n]1* Chemical compound *c1c(*)[n+](*)c(*)[n]1* 0.000 description 2
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTXYXWQFBUCRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-methyl-1,3-dipropylimidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCN1C=C[N+](CCC)=C1C OTXYXWQFBUCRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006324 decarbonylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006606 decarbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004742 high temperature nuclear magnetic resonance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZVGFSDSNXDNLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[P+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC ZVGFSDSNXDNLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FKTXDTWDCPTPHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical group FC(F)(F)[C](F)C(F)(F)F FKTXDTWDCPTPHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMYXXJKVVYQPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;sulfate Chemical compound [NH2+]1C=CN=C1.[NH2+]1C=CN=C1.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RMYXXJKVVYQPLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOPXRGLCIAJZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-ethyl-1,3-dipropylimidazol-1-ium;formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O.CCCN1C=C[N+](CCC)=C1CC WOPXRGLCIAJZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPIBNHDFGBINDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 2-methyl-1,3-dipropylimidazol-1-ium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCN1C=C[N+](CCC)=C1C.CCCN1C=C[N+](CCC)=C1C BPIBNHDFGBINDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIKMBCMGINRKAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(=O)[O-].C(CCCCC)[PH2+]CCCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(=O)[O-].C(CCCCC)[PH2+]CCCCCCCCCCCCCC GIKMBCMGINRKAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical class C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical class C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);diformate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O UXFOSWFWQAUFFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003784 fluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006341 heptafluoro n-propyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- BJAOWHVROIMDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl(tetradecyl)phosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[PH2+]CCCCCC BJAOWHVROIMDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009878 intermolecular interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940006461 iodide ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000006344 nonafluoro n-butyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000538 pentafluorophenyl group Chemical group FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(*)C(F)=C1F 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000864 peroxy group Chemical group O(O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver sulfate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O YPNVIBVEFVRZPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000367 silver sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C53/00—Saturated compounds having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or hydrogen
- C07C53/02—Formic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/54—Quaternary phosphonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0272—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a non-catalytic decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
- C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen.
- Possible solutions at the present time include a method of applying a high pressure, a method of maintaining an ultra-low temperature such as a boiling point of hydrogen of ⁇ 253 ° C. or less, a method of using a hydrogen storage alloy, and a metal tank having a high pressure (eg, 350 to 1000 atmospheres). ), But none of these are fundamental solutions. In view of the above, the present inventors have produced unprecedented hydrogen production as a solution to problems such as production cost, storage, and transportability that must be solved when considering the production of hydrogen on an industrial scale.
- Patent Document 2 uses a formic acid aqueous solution as a raw material, and hydrothermal decomposition reaction of formic acid at 250 ° C. to 600 ° C. (Hydrothermal reaction: reaction involving high-temperature and high-pressure water in a closed reaction vessel) Has been proposed to generate hydrogen by decarboxylation of formic acid (decarboxylation: HCOOH ⁇ H 2 + CO 2 ). JP 2003-95605 A JP 2005-289742 A
- the hydrogen production method proposed by the present inventor in Patent Document 2 uses a metal catalyst from formic acid, which is a water-soluble organic compound having polarity, and water by a hydrothermal reaction under relatively mild temperature conditions. Since hydrogen can be produced without any problems, the production cost is excellent. Further, according to this method, a formic acid aqueous solution having excellent handling properties is usually stored or transported, and a necessary amount of hydrogen is produced from the aqueous formic acid aqueous solution for practical use when necessary. A formic acid aqueous solution as a raw material capable of easily producing hydrogen functions as a hydrogen storage tank or carrier ship. Therefore, this method can be an epoch-making solution to problems such as production cost, storage and transportability that must be solved when hydrogen production is considered on an industrial scale.
- this method requires a closed reaction vessel for performing a hydrothermal decomposition reaction, and has a side that cannot be said to be necessarily excellent in terms of simplicity.
- the present invention solves problems such as production cost, storage stability, and transportability that must be solved when hydrogen production is considered on an industrial scale, and is excellent in convenience and hydrogen using formic acid as a raw material. It aims at providing the manufacturing method of.
- the present inventor has conducted extensive research. As a result, when an ionic liquid containing formic acid is heated, decarboxylation of formic acid occurs and hydrogen is generated even in the absence of a metal catalyst. I found.
- the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention based on the above knowledge is characterized in that an ionic liquid containing formic acid is heated as described in claim 1.
- the manufacturing method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the manufacturing method according to claim 1, an imidazolium salt-based ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (1) is used as the ionic liquid.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and an alkyl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or an aryl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are the same or different and are an alkyl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or an aryl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom , Hydrogen atom, or fluorine atom.
- Y ⁇ represents a counter anion with respect to the imidazolium cation.
- the manufacturing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in the manufacturing method according to claim 1, a phosphonium salt ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (2) is used as the ionic liquid.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different and at least part of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by fluorine atoms, and at least part of the hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms Any of the aryl groups which may be made is shown.
- Z ⁇ represents a counter anion with respect to the phosphonium cation.
- a manufacturing method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the manufacturing method according to claim 1, an ionic liquid in which the counter anion is a formate anion is used as the ionic liquid.
- problems such as production cost, storability, and transportability that must be solved when hydrogen production is considered on an industrial scale are solved, and formic acid is used as a raw material that is excellent in convenience.
- a method for producing hydrogen can be provided.
- Example 1 1 H-NMR spectrum assignment of 4 ionic liquid (1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium formate). Same as above for 13 C-NMR spectrum. No. 1 H-NMR spectrum assignment of 5 ionic liquid (1,3-di-n-propyl-2-ethylimidazolium formate). Same as above for 13 C-NMR spectrum. No. 1 H-NMR spectrum assignment of 6 ionic liquid (tri-n-hexyl n-tetradecylphosphonium formate). Same as above for 13 C-NMR spectrum.
- the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention is characterized by heating an ionic liquid containing formic acid.
- an ionic liquid is defined as an organic compound salt having a melting point at 100 ° C. or lower, and is represented by an imidazolium salt ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (1) or the following general formula (2).
- an imidazolium salt ionic liquid represented by the following general formula (1) or the following general formula (2).
- phosphonium salt ionic liquids pyridinium salt ionic liquids, pyrrolidinium salt ionic liquids, tetraalkylammonium salt ionic liquids and the like are exemplified.
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and an alkyl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or an aryl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are the same or different and are an alkyl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, or an aryl group in which at least a part of hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom , Hydrogen atom, or fluorine atom.
- Y ⁇ represents a counter anion with respect to the imidazolium cation.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different and at least part of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by fluorine atoms, and at least part of the hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms Any of the aryl groups which may be made is shown.
- Z ⁇ represents a counter anion with respect to the phosphonium cation.
- an alkyl group in which at least a part of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or a peroxy group.
- fluoroalkyl groups specifically, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, iso-propyl group, n-butyl group, iso-butyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n- Pentyl group, iso-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-octadecyl group, trifluoromethyl group, penta Examples include a fluoroethyl group, a heptafluoro n-propyl group, a heptafluoro iso-propyl group, and a nonafluoro n-butyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group in which at least a part of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom include a phenyl group and a pentafluorophenyl group.
- Y ⁇ which is a counter anion for imidazolium cation and Z ⁇ which is a counter anion for phosphonium cation are halide ions such as chloride ion (Cl ⁇ ), bromide ion (Br ⁇ ) and iodide ion (I ⁇ ).
- methanesulfonate anion CH 3 SO 3 ⁇
- trifluoromethanesulfonate anion CF 3 SO 3 ⁇
- bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ )
- formate anion HCO 2 ⁇
- an ionic liquid in which the counter anion is a formate anion (that is, formic acid is excellent) as a medium for producing hydrogen from formic acid as a raw material is excellent in reaction selectivity (high purity of generated hydrogen) and speed. Salt).
- An ionic liquid in which the counter anion is a formate anion can be synthesized from an ionic liquid in which the counter anion is an anion different from a formate anion such as bromide ion, for example, by an anion exchange method using a strongly basic ion exchange resin. (Biomacromolecules, 7, 3295-3297, 2006).
- Various ionic liquids are commercially available as ionic liquids in which the counter anion is different from the formate anion. It can be synthesized according to the method described.
- the mixing ratio of formic acid and ionic liquid is preferably 5: 1 to 1:15 (molar ratio). If the proportion of formic acid is too small relative to the ionic liquid, the amount of hydrogen produced may be reduced. On the other hand, if the proportion of formic acid is too large relative to the ionic liquid, decarbonylation (decarbonylation: HCOOH ⁇ H 2 O + If CO) occurs prior to decarboxylation, hydrogen production efficiency may be reduced.
- the heating temperature of the ionic liquid containing formic acid is preferably 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably 130 ° C. to 220 ° C.
- the heating time is, for example, 10 minutes to 100 hours.
- Hydrogen produced in the reaction system can be purified using, for example, a hydrogen separation membrane made of a ceramic membrane or a metal membrane.
- the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention hydrogen can be easily produced without using a metal catalyst, but the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention does not exclude the use of a metal catalyst. .
- a metal catalyst By using a metal catalyst, even when the heating temperature is 50 ° C. or more lower than a suitable heating temperature when no metal catalyst is used (for example, even when the heating temperature is 50 ° C.), the production rate of hydrogen is high. Can be generated.
- the metal catalyst include simple salts (chlorides, oxides, etc.) and complexes (specific examples of ligands: amine, phosphine, etc.) of transition metals of Group 8, 9, 10 of the periodic table (Ru, Rh, Ir, etc.). Conjugated dienes and the like).
- the amount of the metal catalyst used may be, for example, about 0.1 to 3% of the mixed weight of formic acid and ionic liquid.
- Example 1 (experimental method) Formic acid and various ionic liquids (water content: less than 2%) as a reaction solution in a predetermined ratio (molar ratio) as a reaction solution in a reaction vessel (capacity 0.49 mL) consisting of a quartz tube having a length of 10 cm and an inner diameter of 2.5 mm. 0.29 mL of the mixture was filled and sealed with a burner. In a high temperature NMR probe, the reaction vessel filled with the above reaction solution was heated to a predetermined temperature, and formic acid in the ionic liquid was quantified in real time using 1 H-NMR. After a predetermined reaction time, the liquid phase portion and the gas phase portion in the reaction vessel were analyzed using 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR, respectively. Table 1 shows the types of ionic liquids used, and Table 2 shows the experimental conditions.
- Example 2 (experimental method) In a reaction vessel (capacity 0.20 mL) consisting of a quartz tube 4 cm in length and 2.5 mm in inner diameter, as a reaction solution, formic acid and 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium formate (No. in Table 1) .4 ionic liquid) is mixed at a predetermined ratio (molar ratio), and 0.05 mL of 1% of the mixed weight of RuCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 4 added as a metal catalyst is charged. And sealed with a burner.
- the reaction vessel filled with the above reaction solution is heated to a predetermined temperature (60 ° C., 80 ° C., 105 ° C.), and the amount of hydrogen generated in the gas phase portion in the reaction vessel is determined by 1 Performed in real time using 1 H-NMR.
- Table 3 shows. As is apparent from Table 3, even when the reaction temperature was 100 ° C. or lower, formic acid was efficiently consumed over time (dq value increased), and hydrogen was produced at a high production rate ( Formic acid is decomposed into carbon dioxide and hydrogen by this catalytic reaction, so the amount of formic acid consumed is equal to the amount of hydrogen produced).
- Reference Example 1 Alternative synthesis of 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium formate (No. 4 ionic liquid in Table 1) 1 equivalent of sodium hydride to 2-methylimidazole , 2-Dimethoxyethane was used as a solvent at room temperature, 3 equivalents of 1-bromopropane was gradually added, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 days. Approximately 1 day after the start of stirring, an appropriate amount of 2-propanol was added as a co-solvent. After the stirring was completed, the solvent and unreacted 1-bromopropane were distilled off, and the remaining solid was recrystallized using acetone.
- 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium bromide was obtained as colorless and transparent crystals (No. 3 ionic liquid in Table 1).
- 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium bromide was dissolved in water, 1 equivalent of silver sulfate was added, and the mixture was stirred for about 1 hour at room temperature.
- the generated silver bromide precipitate is removed by filtration, and then water is removed by distillation, and recrystallization using acetonitrile from the remaining solid is performed to obtain 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methyl.
- Imidazolium sulfate was obtained as white microcrystals.
- 1,3-di-n-propyl-2-methylimidazolium sulfate was dissolved in 80 ° C. warm water, 1 equivalent of barium formate was added, and the resulting barium sulfate precipitate was removed by filtration.
- the desired 1,3-di-n-propyl-2 -Methylimidazolium formate was obtained as a colorless highly viscous liquid.
- the present invention solves problems such as production cost, storage properties, and transportability that must be solved when hydrogen production is considered on an industrial scale, and is excellent in convenience, and is a hydrogen source that uses formic acid as a raw material. In the point which can provide a manufacturing method, it has industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
上記の点に鑑み、本発明者は、水素の製造を工業的規模で考えた場合に解決しなければならない製造コスト、貯蔵性、輸送性といった問題に対する解決策としてのこれまでにない水素の製造方法を提供すべく、特許文献2において、原料としてギ酸水溶液を用い、250℃~600℃でギ酸の水熱分解反応(Hydrothermal reaction:密閉反応容器の中での高温高圧の水が関与する反応)を行うことで、ギ酸の脱カルボキシル化(decarboxylation:HCOOH→H2+CO2)により水素を生成させる方法を提案している。
そこで本発明は、水素の製造を工業的規模で考えた場合に解決しなければならない製造コスト、貯蔵性、輸送性といった問題が解決されるとともに、簡便性に優れた、原料としてギ酸を用いる水素の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
また、請求項2記載の製造方法は、請求項1記載の製造方法において、イオン液体として、下記の一般式(1)で表されるイミダゾリウム塩系イオン液体を用いることを特徴とする。
また、請求項3記載の製造方法は、請求項1記載の製造方法において、イオン液体として、下記の一般式(2)で表されるホスホニウム塩系イオン液体を用いることを特徴とする。
また、請求項4記載の製造方法は、請求項1記載の製造方法において、イオン液体として、カウンターアニオンがギ酸アニオンであるイオン液体を用いることを特徴とする。
(実験方法)
長さ10cm×内径2.5mmの石英管からなる反応容器(容量0.49mL)に、反応溶液として、ギ酸と各種のイオン液体(含水率:2%未満)を所定の割合(モル比)で混合したものを0.29mL充填し、バーナーで封管した。高温NMRプローブ中で、上記の反応溶液を充填した反応容器を所定の温度に加熱し、イオン液体中のギ酸の定量を1H-NMRを用いてリアルタイムで行った。また、所定の反応時間経過後、反応容器内の液相部分と気相部分のそれぞれを1H-NMRと13C-NMRを用いて分析した。表1に用いたイオン液体の種類を示し、表2に実験条件を示す。
表2に示す。表2から明らかなように、ギ酸を含むイオン液体を加熱することで水素が生成すること、実験条件の最適化によってギ酸の水素への転換率を高めることができることがわかった。
(実験方法)
長さ4cm×内径2.5mmの石英管からなる反応容器(容量0.20mL)に、反応溶液として、ギ酸と1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウムギ酸塩(表1のNo.4のイオン液体)を所定の割合(モル比)で混合し、さらに両者の混合重量の1%の重さのRuCl2(PPh3)4を金属触媒として加えたものを0.05mL充填し、バーナーで封管した。高温NMRプローブ中で、上記の反応溶液を充填した反応容器を所定の温度(60℃,80℃,105℃)に加熱し、反応容器内の気相部分に存在する発生した水素の定量を1H-NMRを用いてリアルタイムで行った。
表3に示す。表3から明らかなように、反応温度が100℃以下であっても、時間の経過とともにギ酸が効率的に消費され(dq値の上昇)、水素が速い生成速度で生成することがわかった(この触媒反応によってはギ酸は二酸化炭素と水素に分解されるのでギ酸の消費量は水素の生成量と等しい)。
2-メチルイミダゾールに対して1当量の水素化ナトリウムを1,2-ジメトキシエタンを溶媒として室温で反応させた後、3当量の1-ブロモプロパンを徐々に加えて60℃で2日間攪拌した。攪拌開始からおよそ1日経過したところで共溶媒として2-プロパノールを適量加え、攪拌終了後に溶媒と未反応の1-ブロモプロパンを蒸留して除去し、残った固体からアセトンを用いた再結晶を2回行うことで、1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム臭化物を無色透明の結晶として得た(表1のNo.3のイオン液体)。次に、1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム臭化物を水に溶解し、1当量の硫酸銀を加えて約1時間、室温で攪拌した。生成した臭化銀の沈殿をろ過して除去した後、水を蒸留して除去し、残った固体からアセトニトリルを用いた再結晶を行うことで、1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム硫酸塩を白色の微小結晶として得た。続いて、1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウム硫酸塩を80℃の温水に溶解し、1当量のギ酸バリウムを加え、生成した硫酸バリウムの沈殿をろ過して除去した。このようにして得た1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウムギ酸塩の水溶液から60℃減圧下で水を除去することで、目的とする1,3-ジn-プロピル-2-メチルイミダゾリウムギ酸塩を無色の高粘性液体として得た。
市販のトリn-ヘキシルn-テトラデシルホスホニウム塩化物をメタノールに溶解し、1当量のギ酸カリウムを加え、生成した塩化カリウムの沈殿をろ過して除去した後、メタノールを蒸留して除去することで、目的とするトリn-ヘキシルn-テトラデシルホスホニウムギ酸塩を無色の高粘性液体として得た。
Claims (4)
- ギ酸を含むイオン液体を加熱することを特徴とする水素の製造方法。
- イオン液体として、下記の一般式(1)で表されるイミダゾリウム塩系イオン液体を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。
〔式中、R1,R2は同一または異なって水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子によって置換されていてもよいアルキル基、水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子によって置換されていてもよいアリール基のいずれかを示す。X1,X2,X3は同一または異なって水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子によって置換されていてもよいアルキル基、水素原子の少なくとも一部がフッ素原子によって置換されていてもよいアリール基、水素原子、フッ素原子のいずれかを示す。Y-はイミダゾリウムカチオンに対するカウンターアニオンを示す。〕 - イオン液体として、カウンターアニオンがギ酸アニオンであるイオン液体を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。
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US13/056,036 US8449862B2 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Method for producing hydrogen |
EP09802955.6A EP2319799B1 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Process for production of hydrogen |
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US8519013B2 (en) | 2010-01-27 | 2013-08-27 | Masaru Nakahara | Method for producing formic acid |
CN105916803B (zh) | 2013-11-06 | 2019-12-10 | 耶路撒冷希伯来大学伊萨姆研究开发有限公司 | 储存和释放氢气的方法 |
KR101732881B1 (ko) | 2014-07-18 | 2017-05-08 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 개미산으로부터의 수소 발생 방법 및 장치 |
US9670414B2 (en) * | 2015-02-26 | 2017-06-06 | Tyton Biosciences, Llc | Method of production of fuel from plant oils |
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JP7319155B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-26 | 2023-08-01 | 日東電工株式会社 | 水素ガス製造方法及び水素ガス製造システム |
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EP2540664A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-02 | Formic Acid-Hydrogen Energy Development Corporation | Hydrogen generation system and method for generating hydrogen |
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JPWO2010013712A1 (ja) | 2012-01-12 |
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